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am¿®v 2008 1
imkv X - am -knI
H‰-]Xn 7 cq], hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy 84 cq], X]m-en¬ e`n-°m≥ hcn-kwJy Un.-Un., Fw.-H.
amXw Ab-bv°p-I. Un.-Un.-bn¬ amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿, imkvX-tI-cfw Ft∂ Fgp-Xm-hq.
tImgn-t°mSv amdm-hp∂ hn[-Øn¬ Un.-Un. FSp-°pI
IØp-Iƒ, cN-\-Iƒ, Ab-bvt°≠ hnemkw:FUn-‰¿, imkvX-tI-c-fw, tImgn-t°mSv ˛ 673002hcn-kw-Jy, ]cm-Xn-Iƒ, ta¬hn-em-k-am-‰w, GP≥kn F∂n-hbv°v Fgp-XpI
amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿, imkvX-tI-c-fw, Nme-∏p-dw, tImgn-t°m-Sv 673 002
t^m¨ : 0495 2701919, mIvkv : 0495 2304780, C -sa-bn¬ : [email protected]
2008 am¿®v ! e°w 449
tIcf
imkvXkmlnXy
]cnjXv
]kn≤oIcWw]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øns‚ 39˛mw h¿jw
imkv X - am -knI
sImS-°mSv io[-c≥, tUm. _me-Ir-jvW≥ sNdq-∏, them-bp-[≥ ]¥o-cm-¶m-hv,hnP-b-Ip-am¿ ªmØq¿, PÃn≥ tPmk-^v, tUm. ]n apl-ΩZv jm^n, ]n tPymXn, sI.-]n iin-Ip-am¿,
Sn.-]n hniz-\m-Y≥, ]ho¨N-µ, ]n kp\n¬tZhv, \h-\oXv IrjvW≥ Fkv, cRvPnØv Fkv
NnXo-I-cWw : kXojv. cq]-I-ev]\: hnP-b-Ip-am¿ ªmØq¿. Km^nIvkv : sjdn≥ tkhy¿
FUn‰¿: s]m^. sI ]m∏q´n, amt\PnMv FUn‰¿ : Sn.]n. kpIpamc≥ Atkm-kn-tb‰v FUn-‰¿: Fw.-Sn. apcfn
14
16
27
30
]Xm[n]kanXn:
32
35
38
9B¿°p-th≠n
]n kp\n¬tZhv
Pnen≥ cmkhyh-km-b-im-e-bnse kvt^mS-\-߃
Fw -Sn - ap-cfn
B≥ HIz-d≥kv A‰v Huƒ Io°v _nUvPv
hnPbIp-am¿ ªmØq¿
ssl sU^-\nj≥
cRvPnXv Fkv Xpd-hq¿
U¶n-∏\n \nb-¥Ww ][m\w
tUm: ]n tkma-kp-µ-c≥
imkvX-⁄-cpsS Pohn-X-I-Y-Iƒ
]n tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥
ssPh C‘-\-hn-f-Iƒ C¥y-bnepw
ssN\-bnepw Pe-£m-aw-kr-jvSn°pw
hn sI Pbvtkm-a-\m-Y≥
_ln-cm-Imi hm¿Ø-Iƒ
]n B¿ Nµ-tam-l≥
amb-°m-gvN-Iƒ
IÆ≥ Icn-ßmSv
34
en -
kvtIm]vsU
mKm‘n-Pn-bpsS hgntb \S∂ Hcmƒ
\mt\m-sS-Ivt\m-fPn
k¿∆-i-‡s‚ ]tl-fn-I-kam-l-cWw : tP∏okv19
]]© cl-ky-ß-fpsS Xmt°m¬
tUm. at\mPv tImaØv
biv]m¬ amjpw Ip´yfpw
s]m^.-sI.-]m-∏q´n 540
imkvX-tI-cfw4
t^mt´m-Iznkv- ˛ 84 DØcwt^mt´m-Iznkv- ˛ 84 DØcw
sFIycmjvS k`, 1993 apX¬, am¿®v 22 temI Pe Zn\-ambn BN-cn-®p-
h-cp-∂p. 2005 se PeZn\w c≠mw Pe Zi-I-Øn\v XpS°w Ipdn-®p.
1981 apX¬ 1990 hsc BN-cn® H∂m-aXv Pe ZiIw \qdp-tIm-Sn-bn-tesd
P\-߃°v sh≈-sa-Øn-®p, 8 tImSn-tbmfw P\-߃°v ipNo-I-cW kwhn-
[m-\-߃ G¿s∏-Sp-Øn. F∂m¬ Ct∏mgpw 110 tImSn P\-߃ Pe£maw
A\p-`-hn-°p-∂p. 240 tImSn P\-߃°v icn-bmb ipNnXz kwhn-[m-\-ß-fn-
√.
]´n-Wn-bp-sSbpw Zmcn-Zy-Øn-s‚bpw \n¿Ωm¿÷-\-Øn\pw kpÿnc hnI-
k-\-Øn\pw am\h Btcm-Ky-Øn\pw th≠ \n¿Æm-bI LS-I-ß-fmWv ip≤-
P-ehpw ipNn-Xz-hpw. Pew, enwK-\o-Xn, ZmcnZy \n¿Ωm¿÷\w F∂n-h-bnemWv
2005 ˛ 2015 "Pew Poh\v' ZiIw i≤ tIµo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv.
kmº-ØnI ]h¿Ø-\-߃°pw Km¿lnI Bh-iy-߃°pw th≠ Pe-
Øns‚ D]-tbmKw kw_-‘n®v kaq-l-߃°p≈ ap≥K-W-\-Iƒ k¶o¿Æ-
am-Wv. BWp-߃°pw s]Æp-߃°pw C°m-cy-Øn¬ hyXy-kvX-amb ap≥K-
W-\-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ß-fp-am-Wv D≈-Xv. kvXo ]pcp-j≥am-cpsS ]¶p-Iƒ
Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw kmº-ØnI ]h¿Ø-\-ß-tfm-sSm∏w Km¿lnI Pe D]-
tbm-K-Øns‚ apJy DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw IqSn t]dp∂ kvXoI-fpsS A`n-]m-b-
߃ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I-bpamWv "Pew Poh\v' Zi-
I-Øns‚ e£yw.
"
P¿a-\n -bnse _¿Kv BƒSn-\. temIsØ BZysØ bqØv
tlmì. sNdp-∏-°m-cmb k©mcn-Iƒ°v Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n
kvIqƒ A[ym-]-I-\mb dn®m¿Uv n¿am≥ Xs‚ kvIqfn¬ Hcp tUm¿an-
‰dn Bcw-`n-®p. AXm-bn-cp∂p temIsØ BZysØ bqØv tlmì.
Hcn-°¬ ^n¿am\pw kwLhpw shÃv ^men-b-bn-te°v Hcp S°nwMv
\S-Øn. B ka-b-Øp-≠mb i‡-amb sImSp-¶m-‰v Ahsc h√msX
he-®p. Xma-kn-°m≥ Hcp CShpw In´msX Ah¿ hnj-an-®p. HSp-hn¬
Kma-Ønse Hcp kvIqfn¬- A-h¿ A¥n-bp-dßn. AtXmsSbmWv
^n¿am≥ bqØvtlm-ì F∂ Bi-b-hp-ambn apt∂m-´p-t]m-b-Xv. Xs‚
kvIqfn¬Xs∂ AXn-\p≈ ÿew BZyw Is≠-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp
At±lw. ]n∂oSv P¿a-\nbn¬ bqØv tlmÃepI-fpsS Hcp irwJeXs∂-
bp-≠m-°m≥ At±lw ]cn-ian®p. C∂v temI-am-k-Iew ]S¿∂p ]¥-
en® henb Hcp ]ÿm-\-am-bn, k©mcn-I-fpsS Bim-tI-µ-ambn,
bqØvtlmÃ-ep-Iƒ hf¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.
am¿®v 2008 5
"Ip™p-Æn-amjpw Ip´yfpw'
F∂p ]d-™m¬ a\- n¬ sXfn-bp∂
Hcp NnX-ap-≠-t√m˛ IjvSn®v ap´n-\p-
XmsgsbØp∂ H‰-ap-≠p-Sp-Øv, Dds°
IY ]d-™v, Ihn-X-sNm-√n, Ip´n-I-tfm-
sSm∏w BÀm-Zn®pw BÀm-Zn-∏n®pw
\S-∂n-cp∂ Hcp Ip™p-a-\p-jys‚
NnXw.
biv]m¬ amjpw Ip´yfpw F∂p
]d-bp-tºmƒ Xn-I®pw hyXy-kvX-am-
sbmcp NnX-amWv a\- n¬ sXfn-bp-
I. Ip¿Øbpw Pm°‰pw [cn® Hcp
BPm-\-_m-lp. \o≠, ]mdn-∏-d-°p∂
sh≈n-ap-Sn. ]Xp-s°-bp≈ kwkm-cw.
`uXn-I-im-kvX-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂
imkvX -⁄≥. bqWn -th -g vkn‰n
Km‚ vkv IΩo-js‚ ap≥ sNb¿am≥.
henb hnZym-`ymk Nn¥-I≥...
]s£, Ip´n-I-fpsS ASp-sØ-Øp-
tºmƒ BfmsI amdpw. Ah-tcmSp
Ipkr-Xn-t®m-Zy-߃ tNmZn®p sNmSn-
∏n -°pw. Ah-cpsS tNmZy -߃°v
DØcw \¬Ipw. Xami ]d-bpw.
Aßs\ ckn®pw ckn-∏n®pw F¨]-
sØm-∂nepw _meyw ssIhn-SmsX
kq£n-°p∂ Hcp apØ-»≥. Hcp ¢mkv
Ign-bp-tºm-tg°pw imkvXw CX ck-
I-ctam F∂p \Ωƒ kzbw tNmZn®p
t]mIpw.
Ign™ s^_p-hcn amk-Øns‚
XpS-°-Øn¬ tUm.-b-iv]m¬ Xncp-h-\-
¥-]p-c-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. imkvX-km-t¶-
XnI ayqknbw lmfn¬ \nd-™n-cn-
°p∂ kvIqƒ Ip´n -I -tfm -sSm∏w
At±lw c≠p-a-Wn-°q-tdmfw sNe-h-gn-
®p. Hcp Ipkr-Xn-t®m-Zy-hp-am-bmWv
At±lw XpS-ßn-b-Xv."" ]£n-Iƒ
Ft∏mgpw Fs¥-¶nepw Xn∂p-sIm-≠n-
cn-°pw. B\, H´Iw t]mep≈ henb
Pohn -Iƒ°v Znhkw Hcp t\cw
`£Ww In´n-bmepw aXn. \ap°p c≠p-
t\-c-sa-¶nepw thWw. F¥p-sIm-≠m-W-
ßs\?''
]e DØ-c -߃ h∂p.˛
B\bv°pw a‰pw hey hb-dp-≠v, Infn-
Iƒ°v Ip™n-h-b-dm-Wv. CØn-cntb
Xn∂m≥ ]‰q.... Fs∂m-s°.
""AsXm∂z-√,'' biv]m¬ ]d-™p.
""c≠p NXp-c-s∏-´n-Iƒ k¶-ev]n-°p-I.
H∂ns‚ hi-ß-fpsS Cc´n hoXap-
≠mIpw a‰-Xns‚ hi-߃. hen-∏tam?
H∂m-a-Ø-Xns‚ 8 Cc-´n-bp-≠m-Ipw. D]-
cn-Xe hnkvXo¿Wtam? 4 Cc- ntb hcq.
hi-ß-fpsS hen∏w 3 Cc´n
Bbmtem,hym]vXw 27 Cc-´n-bm-Ipw.
hnkvXo¿Ww 9 Cc-´n -bpw F∂p
sh®m¬ hym]vX-tØ-°mƒ Ipd™
\nc-°nte D]-cn-Xe hnkvXo¿Ww
IqSq. Pohn-I-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw CXp
icn -bm -Wv . DjvW c‡-Po -hn -
Iƒs°√mw Np‰p-]m-Sn-t\-°mƒ NqSp-
Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv. D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ \n∂p
NqSp \jvS-s∏´psIm-≠n-cn-°pw. XWp-
∏p-Im-eØv NqSp IqSp-X¬ \jvS-s∏-Spw.
AXp-sIm-≠mWv XWp-∏p-Im-eØv \mw
IqSp-X¬ `£Ww Ign-°p-∂-Xv. C\n,
biv]m¬ amjpw
Ip´yfpw
s]m^. sI.]m∏q´n
imkvX-tI-cfw6
]£n-Iƒ F¥n\m Ft∏mgpw Xn∂p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂p \n߃°p
]d-bm≥ ]‰ns√?''
Ip´n-Iƒ ]d-™p,""]£n-Iƒ°v
hym]vXw Ipdhpw D]-cn -Xe
hnkvXo¿Ww IqSp-X-ep-am-Wv. AXp-
sIm≠v IqSp-X¬ Du¿÷w \jvS-s∏-
Spw. henb arK-߃°v \jvSw Xmc-X-
tay\ Ipd-hmWv.'' ioX-c-‡-Po-hn-
Iƒ°v Du¿÷w Xm]-ambn \jvS-s∏-
Sm-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v F´p-Im-en°pw jUv]-
Z-߃°pw Xosc-°p-d®p £Ww aXn
F∂ \nK-a-\-Ønepw Ah-sc-Øn.
Hcp anSp-°n-bpsS tNmZyw: "" Pohn-
°m≥ sh≈w Bh-iy-an-√mØ Pohn-
Iƒ ]]-©-Øn¬ Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw
D≠m-Iptam?''
biv]m¬ Aev]w Ipg -ßn.
At±lw ]d™p""`qan-bnse F√m
Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw t]mj-I-߃ ico-c-
Øn-te°v BKn-cWw sNøp-∂Xv Pe-
Øn¬ ebn-∏n-®n-´m-Wv. Pe-tØmfw
\s√mcp embIw ]Ir-Xn-bn-en-√.
AXp-sIm≠v ]]-©-Øn¬ Fhn-sS-
sb-¶nepw hnImkw ]m]n® Poh-Pm-
e-ß-fp-s≠-¶n¬ Ahbpw PesØ
Bi-bn-°p-∂-h-bm-bn-cn°pw F∂p
\mw Duln-°p-∂p. thsd sXfn-shm-
∂p-an-√. Pe-Øn\v thsdbpw HØncn
A¤p-X -I -c -amb KpW-ß-fp -≠v .
AsXms° \n߃ a\- n-em-°m≥
ian-°-Ww.''
Hcp aqe-bn¬ \n∂v Hcp Ipkr-
Xn-t®m-Zyw.""\£-X-ß-sf-s°m≠v
F¥m ]tbm -P\w?'' s]m^.
-b-iv]m¬ ]d™p""\£-X-ßfpw
kqcy\pw H∂pw \ap°p ]tbm-P-\w
sNøm-\√ Pzen-°p-∂-Xv. Ah ]Ir-
Xn-bpsS ^mIvS-dn-I-fm-Wv. ]]©w
D≠mb ka-bØv sslU-P\pw
Ipd®p loen-bhpw amXta D≠m-bn-
cp-∂p-≈q. \£-X-°m-ºnse Db¿∂
NqSnepw a¿± -Ønepw Ch
At\ym\yw Iq´n-ap´n ^yqj≥
\S-Øn-bmWv a‰p aqe-I-߃
D≠m-Ip∂Xv. Cu ]In -b-
bnse Hcp "ss_t]mUIvSv'
amX-amWv NqSpw shfn-®-hp-sam-
s°.''
""Pzen-®p-Xo¿∂m¬ hen-b-
\-£-X-߃ s]m´n-sØ-dn-°pw.
At∏mƒ AXp-hsc AXp-ev]m-
Zn-∏n® F√m ]Zm¿∞-ßfpw
[qfn -bmbn Np‰pw NnX-dpw.
Aßs\ NnX-dnb GtXm
ap≥Im-e-\-£-X-Øns‚ [qfn-
bn¬ \n∂mWv \ΩpsS
kqcy\pw `qan-bp-sa√mw ]n∂oSv
cq]w sIm≠-Xv. B A¿∞-Øn¬ \Ω-
sf√mw- \£-X-[q-fn-bn¬ \n∂p- ]n-d∂
\£-X-°p™p-ß-fm-Wv. AXmWv
\£-X-ß-sf-s°m-≠v \ap -°p≈
]tbm-P-\w.''
ASpØ tNmZyw Ip´n-I-tfm-Sm-bn-
cp-∂p. ""RßsS \m´n-sems° [mcmfw
Cu®-I-fp-≠v. `£Ww FSp-Øp-sh-
®m¬ Cu® h∂p s]mXn-bpw. ChntSw
Dt≠m Cu®?''
Ip´n-Iƒ ]d™p:
"" HØncn D≠v, k¿.''
""Cu®bv°v GXm\pw BgvNsØ
Bbpt D≈q Xm\pw. F∂n´pw
\Ωƒ F¥m Cu®-Iƒ NØpInS-°p-
∂Xv A[nIw ImWmsØ? Hmtcm Znh-
khpw Bbn-c-I-W°n\v FÆw NmtI-
≠-Xs√?''
Hcp anSp°n ck-I-c-amb Hcp-Øcw
]d-™p: ""Cu®-Iƒ ]d∂p apI-fn-
hnI-kzc cmPy-ß-fpsS Bip-]Xn InS-°-I-fn¬ ]Ip-Xnbpw D]-tbm-Kn-
°s∏Sp-∂Xv ip≤-P-ehpw icn-bmb ipNnXz kwhn-[m\ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp-
∂p-sh-¶n¬ XS-bm-am-bn-cp∂ tcmK-߃ _m[n-®-hsc InS-Øm-\m-Wv.
am¿®v 2008 7
Nµ\w I´p-I-SØpw t]mse
Nne¿ Ct∏mƒ ]mºn≥hnjw I´p-
I-S-Øp∂ Imcyw \n߃ ]X-ß-
fn¬ hmbn-®p-Im-Wpw. lrtZm-K-
Øn\pw k‘nhmX-Øn-\p-sa√mw
]‰nb kn≤u-j-[-ßfpw hocyw- Iq-
Snb el-cn-]-Zm¿∞-ßfpw ]mºn≥
hnj-Øn¬ \n∂p-In-´p-sa∂p h∂-
tXmsS tImSn-I-fpsS I®-h-S-amWv
B cwKØp \S-°p-∂-Xv. C\n-bn-
t∏mƒ t]∏-´n-hn-j-Øn\pw h≥ Un-
am‚ v hcm≥ km[y-X-bp-≠-sX. a-
kvXnjvI NnIn-’bv°v Ah ]-
tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-sa∂p I≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
Xe-t®m -dnse tImi-ßsf
_m[n -°p∂ ]e tcmK -ßfpw
Ct∏mƒ NnIn-’n-°m≥ ]bm-k-
amWv; ImcWw Atßm´v acp-∂p-
Iƒ°v ]th-i -\ -an -√. "ªUv˛
te°p s]mßpw. AhnsS a¿±w Ipd-
hm -b -Xp -sIm≠v _eq¨ t]mse
s]m´n-®n-X-dn-t∏m-Ipw.''
lmfn-emsI Iq´-®ncn Db¿∂p.
]ns∂ ck-I-c-amb Hcp N¿®. HSp-hn¬
F√m-hcpw tN¿∂v icn-bmb DØ-c-
Øn¬ FØn: NØm¬ DSs\ Ddp-ºp-
Iƒ sIm≠p-t]m-Ipw. Ipsd-sb-ÆsØ
Infn-Iƒ im∏n-Spw. ]Ir-Xn-bn¬ H∂pw
"shbvÃv' Bbn-t∏m-In-√.
]nt∂bpw HØn-cn-tNm-Zy-ßfpw
N¿®-I-fp-ap-≠m-bn. "_¿apUm Sbmw-
Knƒ icn°pw D≈-XmtWm?' "\nd-ap≈
hkvXw \\-bp-tºmƒ F¥m \nd-
Øn\v I´n IqSps∂?'. Nµs‚ Np‰pw
t]∏´n hnj-Øn\pw
hne In´pw
s_bv≥ _mcn-b¿' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂
Acn∏ IS∂v acp∂pw tcmKm-Wp-
°fpw a‰v A\y hkvXp-°fpw Xe-
bv°p-≈n¬ FØn-√. \mUo-tIm-i-ß-
fpsS \miw aqe-ap≈ Aƒjn-tagvkv
t]mesØ tcmK-߃ s]cp-Ip-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. lm¿hm¿Uv saUn-°¬
kvIqfnse aRvPp -\mYv F≥.
kzmanbpw kl Kth-j-Icpw tN¿∂v
CXn-s\mcp ]cn-lmcw Is≠-Øn-bn-
cn-°p-∂p. dm_okv sshd-kp-Iƒ°v
Acn∏ Xpf®v AIØp IS-°m≥ Ign-
bpw. (t]-∏´n hnjw _m[n-°p-∂Xv
Xe-t®m-dn-t\-bm-Wt√m) Cu sshd-
kp-I-fpsS t]m´o-\n¬ Huj[w Hfn-
∏n®v sh®v Xe-t®m-dn-se-Øn-°m≥
]‰pw. GXp `oI-c-s\bpw D]-Im-cn-
bm°n am‰m≥ (Xn-cn-®pw) imkvX-
Øn\p Ign-bp-sa-∂¿∞w.
sI.]n
Nne-t∏mƒ ImWp∂ he-b-sa-¥mWv?'
"ag-hn-s√¥m hf-™n-cn -°ps∂?'...
ÿe-]-cn -an -Xn -aqew AsXm∂pw
ChnsS hnh-cn -°p -∂n -√. HSp -hn¬
At±lw Hcp tNmZyw tNmZn®v Ah-
km-\n-∏n-®p. AXn-\p-Øcw \n߃
Is≠-ØWw: F√m hkvXp-°fpw Dcp-
Ip-tºmƒ hnI-kn-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-
Xv. sh≈w Xncn-®m-Wv. sFkm-bn-cn-°p-
tºm-gmWv hym]vXw IqSp-X¬, AXp
sh≈-Øn¬ s]mßn-°n-S-°pw. F¥m-
W-Xn\p Imc-Ww.? Imc-W-a-dn-bp-∂-h¿
Fgp-Xq.. !
imkvX-tI-cfw8
Cta-PnwKv kmt¶-XnI hnZy,
UnPn -‰¬ bpK-Øn¬ AXn-thKw
apt∂dns°m≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. B[p-
\nI Iyma-d -Iƒ t^m°-knw-Kv,
FIvkvt]m-j¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-sbms°
kzbw \n¿W-bn®v ]h¿Øn-°m≥ Ign-
hp-≈-h-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ Ft∏mƒ ¢n°v
sNøWw F∂ \n¿Wm-b-I-amb Xocp-
Nncn-A-f-°m\pw
tkm^v‰vshb¿
lrZbw tISm-bm¬ thsdm∂v
\n¿Ωn®v sh°p-I, Icƒ t]m-bm¬,
hr° t]mbm¬, t]mtÉv tISm-
bm¬ thsdm∂p sh°p-I˛ Fs∂-
¶nepw CXp km[n°pw F∂v
imkvX-⁄¿°v Dd-∏m-bn-cp-∂p.
F∂m¬ CX-thKw km[y-am-Ip-
sa∂p Bcpw Icp-Xn-bn-√. sÃw
sk√p-Isf GXv Ah-b-h-ambpw
hf¿Øn-sb-Sp°mw F∂-h¿°-dn-bm-
am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ sÃwsk√p-I-
fpsS `mj Ah¿°p \n›-b-ap-≠m-
bn-cp-∂n-√. Hcp lrZ-b-ambv hf-cq,
As√-¶n¬ Hcp hr°-bmbv hfcq
F∂v Ah-tbmSv Fßs\ ]d-bpw.
Ct∏mƒ Imen-t^m¿Wnb k¿∆-I-
K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. IÆp-I-fp-tSbpw
Np≠p-I-fp-tSbpw BIr-Xn-bn¬ hcp∂
hyXym-kw Af∂v Hcm-fns‚ ]p©ncn
0 ap-X¬ 100 hsc-bp≈ kvsIbn-en¬
A¶n-X-s∏-Sp-Ømw F∂mWv ]pXnb
I≠p-]n-Sp-Øw. Xnam\ am∏nwKv D]-
tbm-K-s∏-Sp -Øp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Nncn -
°p∂ Bƒ Iyma-d-bn-te°p Xs∂
t\m°-W-sa-∂p-an-√. 300 hsc hi-ß-
fn-tet°m 150 hsc apI-fn-tet°m Xm-
tgt°m Ncn-™n-cp-∂mepw Hwtdm¨
tIm¿∏-td-js‚ Cu tkm^v‰vshb¿
icn-bmbn ]h¿Øn-°p-a-sX. Hcp
sk°‚ns‚ ]Øn-sem-∂n¬ Xmsg
kabw sIm≠v Nncn Af-°m≥ Ign-
bp∂ Cu tkm^v‰vshb-dn\v hen-
∏hpw Ipd-hm-Wv. tIhew 46-kb!AXm-bXv samss_¬ t^mWnse
Ip™n-Iym-a-d-I-fn¬ t]mepw CXv D]-
tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-t™-°pw.
DS-a-ÿ≥ k¶-S-s∏´ncn-°p-∂Xp
I≠m¬ Xam-i-]-d™v Nncn-∏n-°m≥
ian-°p∂ t^mWn-s\-∏-‰n-sbms°
Btem-Nn-°m-dmbn At√?
em-im-e-bnse s]bvtZmw-Kvbmßpw
•mUvtÃm¨ C≥Ãn -‰y q - ´ nse
_ºv B¿ tImIvkn\pw AXn\v
Hcp am¿§w Is≠-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
Fw_n-tbm-WnIv sÃwsk√ns‚
(ESC) ]e `mK-Ømbn knen-°¨
\mt\m-h-b-dp-Iƒ k∂n-th-in-∏n-
°p-I. Ah-bn-eqsS sshZyp-X-Im-
¥nI kn·-ep-Iƒ \¬IpI. GXp
`mKØv, GXp Xcw kn·¬
\¬Ip∂p F∂-X-\p-k-cn®v sÃw
sk√p -Iƒ hf¿∂p hn` -Pn® v
s]cpIn hyXykvX Ah-b-h-ß-
fmbn amdpw. sXmenbpw ssXakpw
Hs° Cu hn[w \n¿an-°m-sa∂v
h∂n-cn-°p-∂p..
am\w Ct∏mgpw a\p-jys‚ IpØ-I-bm-
Wv. CXpw XIcpw F∂mWv ASp-Ø-bnsS
h∂- hm¿Ø-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
apJ-߃ Xncn -® -dn -bm -\p≈
kmt¶-XnI hnZy Ipsd-°m-e-ambn \ne-
hn-ep-≠v. ]e B[p-\nI Iyma-d-Ifpw
apJw IrXy-amb t^m°-kn¬ sIm≠p-
h-cm≥ Cu kmt¶-XnI hnZy D]-tbm-
Icƒ thtWm lrZbw thtWm?Icƒ thtWm lrZbw thtWm?Icƒ thtWm lrZbw thtWm?Icƒ thtWm lrZbw thtWm?Icƒ thtWm lrZbw thtWm?
am¿®v 2008 9
] ] © c l - k y - ß - f p s S ] ] © c l - k y - ß - f p s S ] ] © c l - k y - ß - f p s S ] ] © c l - k y - ß - f p s S ] ] © c l - k y - ß - f p s S
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
tUm.-a-t\mPv tImaØv
s^_p-hcn 2008 9
]pXp-Nn-¥-Iƒ
BIm-i-Øn¬ Zriy-am-Ip∂
Zpcq-l-kw-K-Xn-I-sf, ]Ir-Xy-Xo-X-i-
‡n-I-fpsS Iq´p-]n-Sn-°msX ssh-
⁄m--\nI ImgvN-∏m-Sn-eqsS ImWm≥
BZy-ambn ian-®Xv Ko°p Nn¥-
I≥am-cm-bn-cp-∂p. a‰p kaq-l-߃
ambnI Nn¥-I-fn¬ apgp-In-bn-cp-∂-
t∏mƒ BIm-i-Øn-t‚bpw `qan-bp-
tSbpw LS-\-tb-°p-dn®v hy‡hpw
bp‡n-_-≤-hp-amb hni-Zo-I-c-W-߃
\¬Im≥ Ah¿ ian-®p. ]n¬°m-
esØ imkvX-]-T-\-ß-fn-te-°p≈
a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS BZysØ Nph-Sp-
sh∏v C°q-´-Øn¬ ]K-¤-\m-bn-
cp∂p sYbv¬kv (Thales, 640-546BC). At±lw _m_n-tem-Wn-b-bn¬
\n∂p tPymXn-»m-kvX-a-`y-kn-®-Xmbn
Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. Nµ\p kzbw ]Im-
in-°p-hm-\m-In-s√∂pw NµnI kqcy-
] -Im -i -Øns‚ ]Xn -^-e -\ -am -
sW∂pw BZy -ambn ]d -™Xv
sYbv¬kv BWv. 585 BCbn¬ kqcy-
K-lWw ]h-Nn-®Xv At±-lsØ
]i-kvX-\m--°n. ]]-©-Øns‚ kØv
Pe-am-sW∂ A`n-]m-b-°m-c-\m-bn-
cp∂p sYbv¬kv. A\-¥-amb ]f-b-
]tbm-[n-bn¬ BIm-i-°p-S-bv°-Sn-
bn¬ s]mßn °n-S-°p∂ ]c∂ e-
I-amWv `qan (kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw, HØ
\Sp°v Kokv Xs∂).
sYbv¬kns‚ injy-\mb A\-
Ivkn-am‚¿ (Anaximander, 611-547BC) BImiw Hcp ]q¿Æ-tKm-f-am-
sW∂ Bibw sIm≠p h∂p. BIm-
i-a-WvUew [ph-\-£-XsØ tIµ-
am°n Id-ßp-∂p-sh∂v \nco-£n-®-
Xns‚ ]n≥_-e-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p AXv.
kqcys‚ Ab-\-N-e-\-߃ I≠v
`qan°v knen-≠-dns‚ BIr-Xn-bm-
sW∂pw At±lw \ncq-]n-®p. Ing-°p-
]-Sn -™m-dmbn Dcp≠pw sX°p-h-S-
°mbn \of-Øn-epw. AXn-\p-Np‰pw
kqcy≥ h¿Øp-f-ambn k©-cn-°p-∂p.
AZr-iyhpw \nKq-V-hp-amb " A]v F
tdm¨' F∂ hkvXp-hmWv ]]-©-
Øns‚ kØv F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂ A\-
Ivkn-am‚-dpsS ASpØ aXw.
_n.-kn. A©mw \q‰m-t≠msS
Kl-ßsf \£-X-ß-fn¬ \n∂p
th¿Xn-cn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-™p. `qan°v
tKmfm-Ir -Xn -bm-sW∂v BZy-ambn
]kvXm -hn -®Xv ss]Y-tKm -dkv
bh-\-]m-c-ºcyw
]Ir-Xy-Xo-X-i-‡n-I-tfm-Sp≈
`b- o-X-hn-Im-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂p
tamN\w t\Sp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p
a\p-jy≥. ]Ir-Xn
-]-Xn- m-k-߃s°√mw
uXn-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-ap-s≠∂
Nn¥ hf¿∂p. `qan-sb-∂Xp
]]-©-tI-µw.
BIm-i-tam, ]hn-X-tem-I-hpw.
kz¿§-Øns‚ PymanXn
Fß-s\-sb-∂-Xmbn
ASpØ IuXpIw.
c≠v
imkvX-tI-cfw10
] ] © c l - k y - ß - f p s S ] ] © c l - k y - ß - f p s S ] ] © c l - k y - ß - f p s S ] ] © c l - k y - ß - f p s S ] ] © c l - k y - ß - f p s S
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
(Pythagoras, 582-497 BC) Bbn-cp-
∂p. Nµs‚ `a-W-]Yw qa-[y-tc-Jsb
At]-£n®v sNcn -™-Xm-sW∂p
Is≠-Øn-bXpw \£-X-ß-fpƒs∏´
BIm-i-ta-em-∏ns‚ mK-a√ kqcy-N-µ-
∑mcpw Kl-ßfpw F∂p Xncn-®-dn-
™Xpw At±-l-am-Wv. kpXm-cy-amb
GtXm B[m-c-ß-fnt∑-emWv BImi-
tKm-f-߃ LSn∏n°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv
F∂m-bn-cp∂p hnizm-kw.
XpS¿∂v , A\-I vk-tKm -dmkv
(Anaxagoras, 500-428 BC) Nµs‚
hr≤n-£-b-ßfpw Kl-W-ßfpw Fß-
s\-bp-≠m-Ip-∂p-sh∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-®p.
\£-X-ßfpw kqcy\pw Kl-ß-fp-
sams° IØn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]md-°-
√p-I-fm-sW-∂m-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚
A`n-]m-bw. ]]-©-Øns‚ \n¿Ωm-W-
L-S-I-߃ Pew, hmbp, A·n, `qan
F∂o NXp¿`q-X-ß-fm-sW∂v Fw]n-
tUm-¢nkv (Empidocles, 400- 430BC)kn≤m-¥n-®p.
tπt‰mbpw Acn-tÃm-´nepw
P y m a n - X o - b - ] - T - \ - ß ƒ
(Geometry)hf¿∂-t∏mƒ AXnse
cq]-ß-fpsS kuµ-cyhpw ka-an-Xnbpw
]]-©-Øn-\p-ta¬ Btcm-]n-°m\pw
Nne ]WvUn-X¿ apXn¿∂p. CXn¬ FSp-
Øp-]-d-bm-hp∂ hy‡n-Xz-am-bn-cp∂p
tπt‰m. (Plato, 427-347 BC)BIm-i-
Øp-≈-sX√mw ]q¿Æ-tKm-fm-Im-c-am-
sW∂pw Ah hrØ-]-Y-ß-fn-eq-sS-
bmWv k©-cn-°p-∂-sX∂pw At±lw
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn. ]s£, Cu k¶ev]w
sIm≠v Kl-N-e-\-ßsf ]q¿Æ-ambn
hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bn-s√∂v ka-
Im-enI\-mb bptUmIvkv (Eudoxux,408-355 BC)Is≠-Øn. hm\-\n-co-£-
W-]-Sp -hm-bn -cp∂ At±lw h¿j-
Øns‚ ssZ¿Lyw aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ Ir-
Xy-Øn\v \n¿Æ-bn-®Xpw FSpØp ]d-
tb-≠-Xm-Wv.
Ko°p Nn¥-I-cn¬ G‰hpw D∂-
X-s\-∂v -Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏´ Acn-tÃm-
´n¬ (Aristotle 384-322 BC)tπt‰m-
bpsS injy-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ap≥Km-an-I-
fpsS Nn¥-Iƒ apgp-h≥ kam-l-cn®v
kz¥w ]cn-iaw hgn AXns\ ]pjvSn-
s∏-Sp-Øm≥ At±lw ian-®p. ]]-©-
L-S-\sb kw_-‘n®v tπt‰m-bp -
tSbpw bqtUm-Ivk-kn-t‚bpw Bi-b-
ßsf Acn-tÃm-´n¬ hn]p-eo-I-cn-®p.
kcf-amb hrØ-]-Y-߃°p ]pd-sa-
bmbn A[n-hr-Ø-ß-fnt∑emWv (Epi-cycles ) Kl-߃ k©-cn-°p-∂-sX∂
k¶-ev]-am-bn-cp∂p ][m-\w. ]]©
krjvSn-bn¬ Fw]n-tUm-¢nkv k¶-
ev]n® \mep- aq-e-I-ß-fpsS kmwKXyw
icn-sh-®-tXm-sSm∏w BIm-isØ
kqNn∏n°p∂ CuY¿ F∂ aqeIw
IqSn -bp -s≠∂v ]kvXm -hn®p.
`qan Dcp-≠-Xm-sW∂p ÿm]n-°m≥
bp‡n-_≤-amb \ymbo-I-c-W-߃
Acn-tÃm- n¬ apt∂m- p-h-®p. hS-t°m´p
t]mIp∂ k©m-cn-Iƒ°v hS-°≥ NI-
hm-f-Øn¬ ]pXnb \£-X-߃ Z¿in-
°m≥ km[n-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w sX°≥
NI-hm-f-ko-a-bnse \£-X-߃ ad-
bp-∂-Xmbpw tXm∂p-∂p. `qan-bv°p
hml-\-ß-fn¬ k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ hgn-bnse ac-߃ ]nd-tIm-t´m-Sp-∂Xv
I≠n- n-t√. CXn¬ as‰mcp Imcyw IqSn Ffp∏w i≤-
bn¬ s]Spw. kao-]-Øp-≈h IqSp-X¬ thK-Ønepw
AI-se-bp-≈h ]Xp-s°-bp-amWv ]nt∂m°w
\oßp-∂-Xv. AXm-b-Xv, \ΩpsS k©m-c-Zn-i°v
ew_-am-bp≈ hkvXp-°ƒ°v ImW-s∏-Sp∂ ÿm\-
N-e\w Ah-bpsS Zqc-Øn\v B\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bn-cn-
°pw. Cu XXzw BIm-i-tKm-f-ß-fn-te-°p≈ Zqcw
Is≠-Øm\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. AXmWv ZrKv`w-i-
hn-Zy. Htc ka-bØv c≠v hyXy-kvX-bn-S-ß-fn¬
\n∂v Nµs\ t\m°p-tºmƒ ]›m-Ø-e-Ønse
\£-X-߃°n-S-bn-e-Xn\v ÿm\-am‰w ImW-s∏-
Spw.Cu hyXym-k-Øns‚ tImW-fhv (`w-i-tIm¨)
ÿe-߃°n-S-bn-ep≈ AIew (]m-Z-Zq-cw) Ch-b-
dn-bm-sa-¶n¬ Nµ≥ FX Db-c-Øn-em-sW∂v
IW°vIq´mw. \£-X-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ Zqc-°q-Sp-X¬ ImcWw
tImW-fhv Xp—-am-bnt´ ImW-s∏-Sq. AXn\v `qan-bpsS k©m-c-]-Y-Øns‚
hnhn-[-`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Af-sh-Sp∏p \S-Øp-I-bmWv t]mw hgn
ZrKv-`w-i-hnZy
am¿®v 2008 11
] ] © c l - k y - ß - f p s S ] ] © c l - k y - ß - f p s S ] ] © c l - k y - ß - f p s S ] ] © c l - k y - ß - f p s S ] ] © c l - k y - ß - f p s S
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
Xmt°m¬
tKmfm-Ir -Xn -bm -sW-¶n¬ amXsa
Cßs\ kw`-hn-°q. (`qan Dcp-≠-Xm-
sW∂v t\cn´p sXfn-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv,
18 \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p-tijw s^¿Un-
\m‚ v saK-√≥ qan Np‰n k©-cn-®-t∏m-
gm-Wv.) Acn-tÃm-´n-ens‚ Nn¥-Iƒ
FXtbm \q‰m-≠p-I-tfmfw B[n-Im-
cn-I-X-tbmsS \ne-\n-∂p.
Acn-tÃm-´n-en-b≥ ]]©w
BIm-i-Ønse ]In-b-I-sf-°p-
dn®v am\-h-cm-in°v BZy-[m-c-W-Iƒ
]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-ØXv Ko°p-Nn-¥-I-fm-
bn-cp-∂p. ]n¬°m-eØp tPymXn-»m-
kvX-sa∂ imJ ]cn-]p-jvS-am-°p-∂-
Xn¬ AXv kp]-[m\ ]¶v hln-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXp. ]]-©-Øn¬ KWn-
X-Øns‚ (]-tXy-In®v Pyman-Xn-bpsS)
km[y-X-Iƒ BZy-ambn I≠-dn-™Xpw
Ko°p-Im¿ Xs∂. Acn-tÃm- n¬ aq∂p
\q‰m -≠sØ ap≥Km-an -I-fpsS hn -
⁄m\w kam-l-cn-®-t∏m-gXv a\p-jy-N-
cn-X-Ønse kp]-[m\ tcJ-bm-bn.
BC 350 Ime-am-b-t∏m-tg°pw qan
AXn hnkvXr-X-amb Hcp tKmf-am-
sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ X¿°-sam-∂p-ap-≠m-
bn-cp-∂n-√. Acn-tÃm-´n-ens\ kw_-
‘n-®-nS-tØmfw \n›-e-ambn \n¬-
°p∂ `qtKm-f-am-bn-cp∂p ]]-©-tI-
µw. qan `a-W-]-cn-I-a-W-߃ \S-Øp-
∂p F∂v Icp-Xp-hm-\∂v ]tXy-In®v
\ymb-sam-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. \£-X-
ß-sf∂ Zo]vX _nµp-°ƒ sIm≠v
Ae-¶-cn-°-s∏´ tKmfm-Imc Bh-c-W-
amWv BIm-iw. \£-X-߃ k©-cn-
°p-∂n-s√∂pw Kl-߃ NmInI
Ne\w \S-Øp-∂p-sh∂pw Is≠-Ø-
s∏-´p.\·-t\-X-߃ sIm≠p ImWm-
hp∂ _p[≥, ipI≥, sNm∆, hymgw,
i\n F∂o Kl-ß-fpsS Ne\-߃
Ko°p-Im¿ ]Tn-°m≥ ian-®p.
kqcy-N-µ≥amcpw Kl-ßfpw
GXp-b-c-Øn-emWv F∂q-ln-°m≥
t]mep-a∂v \nhr-Øn-bn-√m-Xn-cp-∂p.
`qtKm-f-Øn\pw \£-X-J-NnX BIm-
i-tKm-f-Øn-\p-an-S-bn-enh hrØ-]-Y-
Øn¬ Np‰n -k-©-cn -°p∂p F∂p
kn≤m-¥n-°-s∏-´p. ]fp-¶p -t]mse
kpXm-cy-amb B[m-c-h-e-b-ß-fm-Wn-
hsb Xmtgm´p hogmsX Xmßn
\n¿Øp∂-Xv. a\p-jys‚ Kmly-Øn-\p-
a-∏p-d-ap≈ Nne \nb-a-ßfpw ]In-b-
I-fp-amWv BIm-i-Øn-t‚Xv F∂m-bn-
cp∂p Ko°p ]WvUnX-cpsS aXw.
F∂m¬, Pyman-Xo-b-amb hrØ-
]-Y-N-e-\-߃ h®p-sIm≠v Zo¿L-Im-
em-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Kl-ÿm-\-߃
]h-Nn-°p-hm-\m-In-s√∂p Ko°p-Im¿
Xncn-®-dn-™p. aplq¿Ø-߃ Ipdn-
°mt\m Kl-W-߃ ap≥Iq-´n-b-dn-
bmt\m km[n-°p-∂n-√. hymgw, i\n,
XpS-ßnb Kl-߃ hI-KXn (Retro-
grade motion, D®n -bn -se -Øp∂
ImeØp ]nd -tIm´p hew sh®v
ho≠pw -bmX XpS-cp∂ ]Xn-`m-kw)
\S-Øp-∂-sX-¥p-sIm-≠m-sW∂p hni-
Zo-I-cn-°m\pw ]‰p-∂n-√.
CtX-∏‰n tπt‰m Fgp-Xn -bXv
kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv.˛"\£-X-߃ ssZhn-
Ihpw \nXyhpw AN-©-e-hp-am-Wv.
Xmc-a-WvU-e-tKmfw Htc thK-X-bn¬
`qansb Np‰n -s°m -≠n -cn -°p -∂p.
F∂m¬ kqcy\pw Nµ\pw Kl-
ßfpw BIm-i-Øv, `qan°pw \£-X-
߃°p-an-S-bn¬ Id-ßp-I-bm-Wv. Ah-
bpsS ]mX-Iƒ AXn-k-¶o¿Æ-a-tX.
Ah hnhn[ hrØ-]-Y-ß-fn¬ amdn
amdn k©-cn-°p-I-bm-hmw.
tπt‰mbv°p tijw bqtUm-
Ivkkv 26 A[n-hr-Ø-]-Y-߃h-®p-
sIm≠v Kl-N-e-\-߃ hni-Zo-I-cn-
°m≥ ian®p. Acn-tÃm-´n¬ 28 ]Y-
߃ IqSn tN¿Øv AXns\ IqSp-X¬
]q¿Æ-am-°m≥ Hcp-Zyaw \S-Øn-sb-
¶nepw Bi-b-°p -g∏w apgp -h\pw
\oßn-bn√ ( Cu ]Xn-k-‘n°p
ImcWw \n›-e-amb `qansb B[m-c-
am°n Pyman-Xob krjvSn-Iƒ \S-Øn-
b-Xm-sW∂p ]tXy-In®p ]d-tb-≠-Xn-
√-t√m. CsX-ßns\ ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-´p.
F∂v ]ndsI hmbn-°mw)
]]-©-\n¿Ωn-Xn -sb-∏-‰n -bp≈
Acn-tÃm-´n -ens‚ ]©-`q-X-k-¶¬-
∏hpw bp‡n-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-
≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. a\p-jy\p ]cn-kcw
\nco-£n-®m¬ Kp-W-K-W-ß-fn¬ ]msS
hyXy-kvX-amb LS-\m-]-c-ambn hyXn-
cn-‡-X-bp≈ \mep Imcy-߃ ImWm-
\m-hpw. aÆv, Pew, hmbp, A·n.
At∏mƒ Hmtcm hkvXphpw Cu \mep
"aqe-I-߃' DNn-Xamw hn[w tN¿∂p-
≠m--b-h-bm-sW∂p \ncq-]n-°mw. GsXm-
s° A\p-]mX-Ø-n-emWp kwtbm-
P\w F∂-X-\p-k-cn®v hkvXp-hns‚
KpWw hyXym-k-s∏-Spw. \mep-aq-e-I-
߃°p ]pdsa ]]-©-Øns‚ kmc-
k¿∆-kz-amb A©m-a-sXmcp LSIw
IqSn-bp-s≠∂v Acn-tÃm-´n¬ A`n-]m-
b-s∏´p. CuY¿ F∂ aqe-I-amWv
imkvX-tI-cfw12
JtKm-f-߃°v HmP v ]I-cp-∂-Xv.
Acn-tÃm-´n-ens‚ hn⁄m-\-ti-
Jcw hnhn[ cmjvSo-bm-[n-\n-thi
]Xn-k-‘n-Isf AXn-Po-hn-®p-sIm≠v
\q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS ]n¬°me ]WvUn-
X¿°p am¿§-Zo-]-ambn \ne-\n-∂p. Ae-
Ivkm-≠-dpsS AI-a-W-tijw Ko°p
ssh⁄m-\nI ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS
tIµw CuPn-]vXn-te°p \oßn BC
323¬ Ae-Ivkm-≠n-b-bn¬ khn-ti-
j-amb Kth-j-W-ayq-knbw ÿm]n-°-
s∏-´p. CXp ]e XhW tdma≥ BI-
a-߃°n-c-bm-hp-Ibpw KŸ-ti-J-c-
Øns‚ mK-߃ \jvS-s∏-Sp-I-bp-ap-≠m-
bn. 640ADbn¬ Ad-_n-Iƒ Ae-
Ivkm-≠nb ]nSn-®-S°n Ko°p tcJ-
Iƒ apgp-h≥ IS-Øn-s°m-≠p-t]m-bn.
CXp ]n∂oSv 12˛mw \q‰m-≠n-emWp
Is≠-Øs∏´Xv. XpS¿∂v C‰-en-bnepw
^m≥knepw Acn-tÃm-´n-eo-b≥ Nn¥-
Iƒ ]N-cn-®p. ]n∂oSp _n´-\n¬
HmIvkvt^m¿Uv, tIw_nUvPv k¿∆-I-
em -im -e -I -fn -eq -sS -bXv A∂sØ
kmº-Zm-bnI hnZym-`ym-kØns‚ `mK-
am-bn.
Acn-tÃm-´n-en-\p-tijw
Ko°p Nn¥m ]mc-ºcyw Acn-
tÃm-´n -ens‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ HXpßn
\n∂p t]mbn-√. ho≠pw A©p \q‰m-
t≠mfw ]e ]WvUn-X-cn-eqsS AXp
XpS¿∂p.
Acn-tÃm-´n -ens‚ ka-Im-en -I-
\mb sldm-ss¢-Un-kv (Heracleides)
`qan-bpsS kzbw `a-W-sa∂ k¶ev]w
sIm≠p-h-∂p. CXp hgn BIm-i-tKm-f-
ß-fpsS ssZ-\nI Ne-\-ßsf Xr]vXn-
I-c-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-sa-∂-t±lw I-
s≠-Øn. am-X-a-√, _p[-s\bpw ipI-
s\bpw \nco-£n®v Ah kqcys\ Np-
‰p-∂-Xmbpw Duln-®p.
BC 320-\ptijw IS-∂p-h∂
Acn-Ãm¿°kv (Aristarchus) ss]Y-
t K m - d - k n -
s ‚ b p w
sldm - ss¢ -
Un-kn-t‚bpw
Bi-b -߃
sh®v Hcp
]]-©-NnXw
s a \ - b m ≥
ian-®p. `qan
D ƒ s ∏ - s S -
bp≈ Kl-
ß ƒ
k q c y s \
N p ‰ p - ∂ p -
sh∂pw CXn-
\n-S-bn¬ `qan
kzbw Id-ßp-
∂ p - sh∂p w
k¶-ev]n-®m¬ JtKm-f-N-e-\-ßsf
hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-ep≈ Bi-b-°p-
g∏w \oßp-sa∂v BZy-ambn ]d-™Xv
At±-l-amWv (`m-c-Xo-b-\mb Bcy-`-
S\pw CtX Bibw ]d-™n-´p-s≠-
¶nepw AXv F´v \q‰m-≠n\p tij-am-
sW-∂-dn-bp-I. B Ime-am-b-t∏m-tgbv°v
Ko°v Bi-b-߃ `mc-X-Øn¬ ]N-
cn®p Ign-™n-cp-∂p F∂-Xn\pw sXfn-
hp-≠v) kqcy-N-µ≥am-cpsS hen-∏hpw
Zqchpw IW-°p -Iq -´m\pw Acn -
Ãm¿°kv apXn¿∂p. Af-hp-]-I-c-W-ß-
fpsS ]cn-an-Xn-Im-cWw IrXyX Ipd-hm-
bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw iaw Gsd it≤-b-am-
Wv.
Kl-\ne ]h-Nn-°m-\p≈ ]iv\-
߃s°√mw H‰-b-Sn-°p≈ ]cn-lm-c-
am-hp-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw Acn-Ãm¿°-
kns‚ Bi-b-߃°v XWp-∏≥ hc-
th¬∏mWv e`n -® -X v . H∂m-asØ
ImcWw AXv A∂sØ aX-hn-izm-k-
ß-fp-ambn tbmPn-®n-cp-∂n-√m-sb-∂-Xp-
X-s∂. `qan-bn-tebpw BIm-i-tØbpw
\nb-a߃ hyXy-kvX-ß-fm-sW-∂m-bn-
cp-∂t√m A∂sØ [mc-W. amX-a-√,
`qan \n›-e-amb ]]-©-tIµw
Btb ]‰q. qan Nen-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
k¿∆-N-c-h-kvXp-°fpw sXdn-®p-t]m-Ip-
at√m. Cu [mc-W-Isf Xncp-Øm-\p≈
sXfn-hp-Itfm \ymbo-I-c-W-ßtfm
Acn-Ãm¿°-kns‚ Iøn-en-√m-bn-cp-∂p.
IrXy-X-tbmsS Kl-\n-e-Iƒ IW-°m-
°m-\p-XIpw hn[-samcp KWn-X-]-≤Xn
Xo¿°m-\p-am-bn-√.
Ko°p ]cº-c-bnse as‰mcp
]K¬`-\mWv BC 276\p tijw Pohn-
®n -cp∂ Fdm-t´m-kvX-\okv (Era-
tosthenes) Hcp KWn-X-⁄≥ IqSn-
bm-bn-cp∂ At±lw AXn-k-a¿∞-
amb am¿§-Øn-eqsS qan-bpsS Np‰-fhv
25000 ssaem -sW∂v Is≠-Øn.
]t£ B t\´w AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-
SmsX t]mbn. ImcWw AXns‚ \men-
sem∂p t]mepw A∂sØ amtem-
I¿°p ]cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXn-\p-
tijw it≤-b-amb ]I-S\w ImgvN-
sh® ]WvUn -X -\m -bn -cp∂p
ln∏m¿°kv (Hipparchus, 190-120
BC)ZrKv`w-i-hnZy (Parallax Method)
hgn Nµ-\n-te-°p≈ Zqcw `qan-bpsS
h y m k -
Øns‚ ap∏-
Xp - a - S -ßm -
s W - ∂ -
t±lw IW-
° p - I q - ´ n .
henb ]ng-
s h m ∂ p w
]d -bm -\m -
h m Ø
I W ° v
BC 134¬
hr›n-I-°q-
-Øn¬ Hcp
] p X n b
\ £ X w
A t ± l w
Is≠-Øn.
am¿®v 2008 13
\£-X-a-WvUew AN-©-e-am-sW∂
hnizmkw AtXmsS XI¿∂p. BIm-
i-Ønse ]pXnb kw`-h-߃ i≤n-
°-s∏-S-W-sa-¶n¬ Hcp \£X hnX-
c-W-]Sw (Star Map) Bh-iy-am-sW-
∂-t±lw Xncn-®-dn-™p. A£mw-iw
tcJmwiw Xncn®v Nn´-tbmsS \£-X-
ÿm-\ -߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp -Ønb
BZysØ "Ãm¿am]v' ln∏m¿°-
kns‚ hI-bmWv (C∂pw CtX coXn-
bmWv Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂-Xv) ]Im-i-
Xo-h-X-b-\p-k-cn®v BZy-ambn \£-
X-ßsf h¿§o-I-cn-®Xpw At±-l-
Øns‚ kw`m-h-\-I-fn¬ s]Sp-∂p.
\n›-e-amb `qan tIµ-am-°n-
bp≈ tKmf-]-≤-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂t√m
A∂v JtKm-f-N-e-\sØ hni-Zo-I-cn-
°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. hrØ-ßfpw
A[n-hr-Ø-ßfpw (Epicycles) Bbn
samØw 54 FÆ-amWv Acn-tÃm-´n¬
k¶-ev]n-®-Xv. A\n-b-X-hr-Ø-ß-fpsS
( Ecen t r i c s )AS n -ÿm - \ -Ø n¬
ln∏m¿°kv AXv Ggmbn Ipd-®p.
Aßs\ Pyman-Xn-bpsS `mh-\m-fl-I-
amb ]tbmKw hgn sa®-s∏´ coXn-
bn¬ Kl-\ne ]h-Nn -°m-sa∂p
h∂p. kz¥-ambn Hcp ]©mw-Khpw
At±lw Xøm-dm-°n. aplq¿Ø-߃
IqSp-X¬ IrXy-ambn \n¿Æ-bn-°m-
sa∂v h∂-tXmsS ln∏m¿°kns‚
]≤Xn P\-]oXn t\Sn.
Ko°p-]-c-º-c-bnse HSp-hn-esØ
it≤-b-\mb ]WvUn-X-\m-bn-cp∂p
tSmfan (Ptolomy).AD 127 apX¬
151hsc ]i-kvXn-bn-en-cp∂ At±lw
]q¿∆Kman-I-fpsS kn≤m-¥-߃ Nn´-
tbmsS tImUo-I-cn®v Ah-bn¬
an\p-°p- ]-Wn-Iƒ \S-Øn-bmWv Ncn-
X-Øn-enSw t\Sp-∂-Xv. ]n¬°m-eØv
ln∏m¿°-kns‚ KŸ-߃ \jvS-s∏-
´p-t]mb Ah-ÿ-bn¬ B kn≤m-¥-
߃ hni-Z-ambn ]Xn-]m-Zn® tSmf-an-
bpsS cN-\-Iƒ ]i-kvX-am-bn. Kl-
ÿm-\-߃ ]h-Nn-°m≥ AXm-bn-
cp∂p \q‰m-≠p-I-tfmfw Bibw (1400
h¿j-߃°p-tijw ssSt°m
_msl-bmWv AXns\ sa®s∏SpØn-
b-Xv) tSmf-an-bpsS KŸw "al-Øaw'
F∂¿∞w hcp∂ "A¬am-PÃv' F∂p
hnfn-°-s∏-´p. tdmam kmam-Py-Øns‚
XI¿®-bv°p-tijw Ad-_n-Iƒ CXp
Ic-ÿ-am°n \thm -∞m-\ -Imew
htc°pw tPymXn -»m -kvX-Øns‚
B[m-c-K-Ÿ-am-bn-cp∂p A¬am-P- v.
8 tImSn h¿jw ]g-°-ap≈ Hcp t^mkn-emWv NnX-Øn¬. Ncn-Xm-Xo-
X-Im-eØv Pohn-®n-cp∂ No¶-Æn-bpsS Cu t^mkn¬ 2004¬ _ko-ense
tams≠ Bƒt´m ]´-W-Øn-\-SpØv \n∂v In´n-b-Xm-Wv.
\o≠ ssIIm-ep-I-tfmSp IqSnb Cu No¶-Æn-bpsS hg-°-ap≈ ico-c-
Øn\v Xe apX¬ hm¬ hsc 1.7 ao‰¿ \of-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂v IW-°m-°-
s∏-Sp-∂p. Ch _ko-ens‚ hc-≠ -`q-an-bn¬ Int´-jykv Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Po-
hn-®n-cp-∂n-cn-°Ww.
No¶-Æn-I-fpsS ]cn-Wm-a-Ønse Adn-b-s∏-Sm-Xn-cp∂ Hcp IÆn-bmWv
CXv. ssUt\m-tkm-dp-I-fpsS ImeØv Pohn-®n-cp∂ ]mY-anI No¶Æn P\p-
kp-Isf B[p-\nI P\p-kp-I-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p∂ IÆn.
2008 P\p-hcn 31\v dntbm Un P\o-tdm-bnse s^U-d¬ k¿∆-I-em-im-
e-bn¬ \S∂ hm¿Øm-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ BZy-ambn ]Z¿in-∏n-°-s∏-´-t∏m-sg-
SpØ NnX-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ ImWp-∂Xv Iem-Im-c≥ a÷bpw
amwkhpw \¬In ]p\-kr-jvSn® cq]-am-Wv.
Ncn-Xm-XoX No¶Æn
imkvX-tI-cfw14
`cn-°p-∂Xv cmPm-hm-bmepw kp¬Øm-\m-bmepw ]kn-
Ut‚m ][m-\-a-¥ntbm Bbmepw sNe-hm-°p-∂Xv P\-
ß-fpsS [\-am-Wv. F√m-h¿°pw Ah-Im-i-s∏´ hn`-h-ß-
sf-∏-‰n-bmWv Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. Xo¿®-bmbpw F√m-
h-cp-tSbpw \∑-bv°p-th-≠n-bm-IWw AXv. C∂sØ amX-
a-√ , hcpw Xe-ap-d-I-fpsS IqSn \ne-\nev]pw t£ahpw a\-
n-ep-≠m-IWw.
]t£ ]e-t∏mgpw h≥InS ]≤-Xn-I-sf-∏‰n Xocp-am-\-
ß-sf-Sp-°p-tºmƒ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS a\-knep≈Xv
CsXm-∂p-am-bn-cn-°n-√. B^n-°-bnse setkmtØm
sslem‚ vkv Pe]≤-Xn-bpsS A\p-`-h-߃ CXn\v ASn-
h-c-bn-Sp-∂h-bm-Wv. Cu hº≥]-≤Xn Xt±-i-hm-kn-Isf
klm-bn-°p-I-b√ Zpcn-X-Øn-em-gvØp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv.
setkmtØm ]≤-Xn-bnse BZy AW-s°-´m-bn-cp-
∂p -tI‰vsk(Katse).B^n-°-bnse G‰hpw Dbcw IqSnb
AW-s°-´mWv CXv. Pe-k-ar-≤-amb setkm-tØmbv°v
AXp hn‰v Zmcn-Zy-\n¿Ωm¿÷\ ]h¿Ø-\-߃°m-h-iy-
amb [\w Is≠-Øm-sa-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p temI-_m¶v ]n¥p-
W® Cu ]≤-Xn-bpsS ]n∂nse bp‡n. Cu ]≤-Xn-bpsS
BZy-L´w 13800 tImSn cq] sNe-hn¬ 10 h¿jw ap≥]v
"shfp -°m≥ tX®Xv ]m≠mbn' Fs∂mcp sNm√p -≠t√m. setkmtØm
sslem≥Uvkv Pe-]-≤-Xn-sb-∏‰n B \m´p-Im¿ Aßs\-bm-bn-cn°pw ]d-bp-I.
B¿°p-th≠n?B¿°p-th≠n?
]q¿Øn-bm-bn. setkm-tØm, Pew
Ib-‰p-aXn sNbvXp XpS-ßn,
F∂m¬, hmKvZØw sNø-s∏´
t\´-߃ aco-Nn-I-bm-bn. setkm-tØm-
bpsS ]¿∆-X-]-tZ-i-߃ ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-
I-ambn XI¿∂p. ]mtZ-inI a’y-˛-
kky P\p- p-Iƒ ]eXpw hwi-\m-
iØns‚ h°n-em-bn. Db¿∂ ]tZ-i-
ß-fn¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ 27000 Bfp-
Iƒs°-¶nepw hoSpw Pohn-X-am¿§hpw
\jvS-am-bn.-Xm-gv∂-bn-S-ß-fnse H∂-c-e-
£-tØmfw t]cpsS Pe-e-`y-Xbpw
Im¿jn-I-˛-a-’y-_-‘\ km[y-X-Ifpw
kmc-ambn Ipd-™p. Ign™ h¿jw
sFIy-cm-jvS-k` ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® Hcp
A`y¿∞-\, cq£-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂
]Xn-k‘n ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ setkm-
tØm-bnse P\-߃°pw I∂p-Im-en-
Iƒ°pw sh≈-apƒs∏sS ASn-b-¥nc
klmbw FØn-°-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.!
Pe-I-b-‰p-a-Xn-bn¬ \n∂p≈ hcp-
am-\w, Hcp hnI-k-\-\n[n hgn P\-t£-
a-Øn\v D]-tbm-K-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
F∂m¬ I£n-cm-jvSo-bhpw kzP-\-]-
£-]m-Xhpw Xf¿Ønb \n[n 2003¬
]q´n-sIt´-≠n-h-∂p. ]≤-Xn-aqew P\-
߃ Zcn-Z-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-S-cpXv F∂m-
bn-cp∂p [mc-W-sb-¶nepw AXp-Xs∂
kw`-hn-®p.Gdn-b-Iqdpw \jvS-]-cn-lmc
]≤-Xn-Iƒ \njv^-e-am-bn. \jvS-amb
Poh-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ ]p\:krjvSn-°m≥
Ign-™p-an-√. sshIp∂ ]p\-c-[n-hmkw
Zpcn-X-Øn-em-gvØnb Zcn-Z-k-aq-l-Øn-
]n kp\n¬tZhv
imkvX-tI-cfw14
am¿®v 2008 15
te°v, AW-s°-´ns‚ ]Wn-s°-
Ønb Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v IpSn-tb‰
sXmgn -em -fn -Ifpw tN¿∂-t∏mƒ
FbvUvkv t]mep≈ tcmK-ßfpw
]S¿∂p-]n-Sn-®p, PohnXw sa®-s∏-Sp-
Øm-s\-Ønb ]≤-Xn, Hcp P\Xsb,
am\w t]mepw _m-°n-bm-°msX
XI¿°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
GsXmcp h≥ ]≤-Xn-tbbpw
t]mse CXnepw Agn-aXn hym]-I-am-
bn-cp-∂p. BI¿j-I-amb DS-º-Sn-Iƒ
t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ ]apJ Iº-\n-Iƒ
A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ°v ssI°qen \¬In-
bn-cp-∂-Xmbn sXfn-™p. F∂m¬
`oa≥ Iº-\n-Isf Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fmbn
hn[n® set_m-tØm-bnse tImS-Xn-
Iƒ°v Ahsb sXmSm-\m-bn-√. am\y-
∑m-sc∂p \Sn-°p∂ hnI-knX cmjvS-
ßsfms° Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fmb kz¥w
]uc≥amsc kwc-£n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-
∂p.
B^n-°-bnse F√m hº≥
AW-s°-´p-I-fp-tSbpw NcnXw Zpc¥
]cy-h-km-bn-bm-Wv. IShpw cmjvSob
Ak-a-Xzhpw hym]-I-amb ]cn-ÿnXn
\mihpw Bbn-cp∂p an° ]≤-Xn-I-
fp-tSbpw BXy-¥nI ^ew. IqSp-X¬
DNn-X-am-Ip-am-bn-cp∂ sNdp-InS ]≤-Xn-
Iƒ°v D]-tbm-Kn-°m-am-bn-cp∂ hn`-
h-ß-fmWv Ch A]-l-cn-®-Xv. ]s£
C∂pw temI-amsI hº≥ AW-s°-
´p-Iƒ°m-bp≈ ia-߃ XpS¿∂p-
sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
DKm-≠-bn¬ ss\ense kpµ-c-
amb Hcp Pe-]m-X-ÿ-e-ØmWv hnhm-
Z-]q¿Æ-amb _pPm-Ken AW-s°´v
3200 tImSn-tbmfw cq] sNe-hn¬
Db¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn -°p-∂-Xv. Ahn-
SpsØ a\p-jy-cpƒs∏-tS-bp≈ Pohn-
k-aq -l -߃°v G¬°m-hp∂
BLmXw amX-a-√, ]Xo-£n-°-s∏-
Sp∂Xpt]m-se, Xmßm-hp∂ sNe-
hn¬ Du¿t÷m-ev]m-Z\w \S-°ptam
F∂ kwi-bhpw hnZ-KvZsc DXvI-WvT-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. Db¿∂ ]≤-Xn-s®-e-
hv,-Km-aoW sshZyp-X-hn-X-cW irwJ-
e-bv°mbn H∂pw _m°n shbv°p-I-
bp-an-√.
\ne-hn-ep≈ AW-s°-´p-I-fn¬
\n∂v IqSp-X¬ kzm`m-hnI \oscm-
gp°v A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm≠v kmw_kn
\Zn-sbbpw AXnse a’y sshhn-
[yw, h\y-Pohn taJ-e-Iƒ, kao-
]ÿ Irjn-bn-S-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-
sbbpw ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°m-\p≈
ia-߃°v Xpc¶w shbv°p-∂-XmWv
ssN\bpw _koepw kl-I-cn®v
samkmw-_n-°n¬ ]≤-Xn-bn-Sp∂
]pXnb AW-s°-´v.
h≥InS Iº-\n-Iƒ D‰p-t\m-°n-
s°m -≠n -cn -°p∂ ]≤-Xn -bmWv
tImwtKm-bn¬ ]cn-K-W-\-bn-en-cn-
°p∂ temIsØ G‰hpw henb
AW-s°-´v˛ Km‚ v CwKm.-aq -∂p-
e£w tImSn cq]-bv°p-ta¬ sNehp
]Xo -£n -°p∂ CXv B^n -°-
bnse G‰hpw Zp¿_-e-amb Cu
]tZ -i -tØ°v Agn -a -Xnsb
BI¿jn-°pw. Zpcn-X-a-\p-`-hn-®p-sIm-
≠n -cn -°p∂ tZi-hm -kn -Iƒ°v
sshZypXn FØn-°m-\p≈ hnX-c-W-
irw-J-e, Cu ]≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-a-√.
J\-\w, XSn-hy-h-kmbw XpS-ßn-b-
hbv°v Gsd ]tbm-P\w sNøpw
F∂p Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ Km≥Uv CwKm,
Pe-]-hm-l-sØbpw \Zo-XS \nt£-
]-ß-tfbpw Bi-bn-°p∂ ]mh-
s∏´ I¿j-I-tcbpw ap°p-h-tcbpw
XI¿°pw.
Ipd™ sNe-hn¬
Du¿÷hpw ip≤-P-e-hp -sams°
Z m c n - Z y - \ n ¿Ωm¿÷ -\ -Ø n\ v
Bhiyw Xs∂. F∂m¬ h≥InS
]≤-Xn-Iƒ Cu ASn-ÿm\ Bh-
iy-߃°v DXIpw F∂-Xn\v sXfn-
hp-I-sfm-∂p-an-√. \in-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂
InS-∏m-S-ßfpw Poh-t\m-]m-[n-Ifpw
\ΩpsS \m´n¬ ]d-bp-∂Xpw CtX
IY-I-fm-Wv.
setkm-tØm-bpsS ]¿∆-X
-]-tZ-i-߃ ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-ambn
XI¿∂p. ]mtZ-inI a’y- -
kky P\p- p-Iƒ ]eXpw
hwi-\m-iØns‚ h°n-em-bn.
Db¿∂ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Xma-kn-
®n-cp∂ 27000 Bfp-Iƒs°-
¶nepw hoSpw Pohn-X-am¿§hpw
\jvS-am-bn.-Xm-gv∂-bn-S-ß-fnse
H∂-c-e-£-tØmfw t]cpsS Pe-
e- y-Xbpw Im¿jn-I- -
a-’y-_-‘\ km[y-X-Ifpw
kmc-ambn Ipd-™p.!
imkvX-tI-cfw16
kao]-Im-eØv \S∂ cmkhyh-kmb Zpc-¥-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw
it≤b-amb H∂mWv Pnen≥ cmk-hy-h-km-b-im-e-bn¬ \S∂ kvt^mS-
\-߃. 2005 \hw_¿ 13 -\m-bn-cp∂p Cu Zpc-¥w. kw`hw \S-∂Xv
ssN\-bnse hS-°p-In-g-°≥ ]tZ-iØv Pnen≥ ]hn-iy-bnse Pnen≥
\K-c-Øn¬. Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ s]tSm-sI-an-°¬ πm‚n¬ GXm≠v
Hcp aWn-°q-tdmfw \o≠p-\n∂ kvt^mS-\- ]-c-ºc Xs∂ \S-∂p. mIvS-
dn-bnse Bdp-t]¿ At∏mƒXs∂ sIm√-s∏-´p. [mcmfw t]¿°v ]cn-
°p-]-‰n. ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n-\m-fp-Isf hoSp-I-fn¬ \n∂v Hgn-∏n-t°-
≠n-h-∂p. πm‚n¬ \ns∂m-gp-Inb hnj-am-en\yw Aap¿ \Zn-bpsS ssIh-
gn-bmb tkmMvlzm \Zn-bn¬ 80.-In.-ao-‰¿ \of-Øn¬ ]c-∂p-In-S-∂p.- ssN-
\-bpsS hS°p Ing-°≥ ]tZ-i-sØ-bm-sI -Zn-h-k-ß-tfmfw Zpcn-X-
Øn-emgvØn Cu amen-\y-∏mS. CXn¬ ][m-\-ambpw s_≥ko\pw
ss\tSm-s_≥ko-\p-amWv Ie¿∂n-cp-
∂-Xv. tkmMvlzm-bn¬ \n∂pw Aap¿\-
Zn-bn-se-Ønb Cu amen\yw Znh-k-
ß-tfmfw \Zo-P-esØ hnj-a-b-am°n
\n¿Øn.
c≠p-Zn-hkw Ign-™-t∏m-tg°pw
kvt^mS-\-Im-cWw a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-
™p. T 102 Sh-dn-ep≠mb XI-cmdv bYm-
k-abw ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ Ign-bm-™-
XmWv ]iv\-߃°v Imc-W-am-b-Xv.
AXv T 101mw\º¿ πm‚nse kvt^mS-
\-Øn¬ Iem-in-®p. AXn-i-‡-am-bn-
cp∂p kvt^mS-\-߃. -A-Xns‚ i‡n-
bn¬ sI´n-S-Øns‚ P\-hm-Xn-ep-Iƒ
100 apX¬ 200 hsc ao‰¿ AI-e-
tØ°v sXdn-®p-t]m-bn.
\hw -_¿ 13 Rmb-dmg vN
D®bv°v GXm≠v 1.45\v Bbn-cp∂p
BZy-kvt^m-S -\w. AtX XpS¿∂v
AhnsS h≥ A·n-_m[ D≠m-bn.
]nt‰-Zn-hkw ]pe¿s® \mep-a-Wn-tbm-
Pnen≥ cmk-hy-h-km-b -im-e-bnse
Fw Sn apcfn
kvt^mS-\-߃
am¿®v 2008 17
sS-bmWv Xo apgp -h-\mbpw AW-
bv°m≥ Ign-™-Xv. [mcmfw t]¿°v
]cn-t°-‰-Xmbpw kvt^mS\ ]c-ºc
Xs∂-bp-≠m-hp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn
ZrIvkm£n-Iƒ ]d-™p. h≥ A]-I-
S-sØ- Xp-S¿∂v ]Xn-\m-bn-c-Øn-e-[nIw
t]sc B ]tZ-i-Øp-\n∂pw Hgn-∏n-®p.
s_bvlphm bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bnse hS-
°≥ Imº- n-tebpw Pnen≥ C≥Ãn-
‰yq´v Hm^v sIan-°¬ sSIvt\m-f-Pn-bn-
tebpw hnZym¿∞n-Ifpw Hgn-∏n-°-s∏-
´-h-cn¬ Dƒs∏-Spw.
ssN\m \mj-W¬ s]tSm-fnbw
tIm¿∏-td-js‚ (CNPC) DS-a-ÿ-X-bn-
emWv Pnen≥ s]tSm-sI-an-°¬ Iº-
\n. A]-ISw \S∂ DSs\ Xs∂ kw`-
h-sØ-°p-dn®v hni-Z-amb At\z-j-W-
Øn\v kn.-F≥.-]n.-kn. A[n-Ir-X¿
DØ-c-hn- p. πm‚n-ep-≠mb Hcp XI-cmdv
Imc-W-amWv kvt^mS\w \S-∂-sX∂pw
bYm-k-abw AXv Is≠Øn ]cn-l-
cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™n-s√∂pw Iº\n
]n∂oSv Adn-bn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
kvt^mS-\sØ XpS¿∂v ]h-
ln® hnj-am-en\yw Xs∂-bmWv Cu
kw`-h-Øn-tebpw ][m-\-Zp -c -¥w.
GXm≠v 100-S¨ amc-I-hn -j-amWv
tkmMvlzm \Zn-bn-te°v Hgp-In-sb-Øn-
b-Xv. AXn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ s_≥ko≥
ico-c-Ønse tizX-c-‡m-Wp-°sf
A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ cmk-hn-j-am-Wv.
\Zn-bnse s_≥ko≥ Afhv Hcn-SØv
A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb Af-hn-t\-°mƒ 108
aSßv A[n-I-am-sW∂p I≠p. \Zn-bn-
se-Ønb amen-\y-∏mS \nc-h[n ]hn-
iy-I-sfbpw ] -W-ß-sfbpw Zpcn-X-Øn-
em-gvØn-s°m≠v Znh-k-ß-tfmfw Hgp-
In. ssN\-bnse h≥ ]´-W-
ß-fn -sem-∂mb lm¿_n-
\n¬ Cu hnj-am-en\yw
ImcWw A\p -` -h -s∏´
ZpcnXw Nn√-d-sbm-∂p-a-√.
Aap¿ \Zn-bpsS ssIh-gn-
bmWv tkmMvlzm \Zn.
ssN\-bp-tSbpw djy-bp-
tSbpw AXn¿Øn -bn¬
sh®mWv AXv Aap¿ \Zn-
bp-ambn tNcp-∂-Xv. Aap¿
\Zn-bn-se-Ønb amen\yw
djy-bnse J_-tdmhvkvIv
]´-W-Øn-eq-sS -H-gpIn HSp-
hn¬ im¥-k-ap-Z-Øns‚
`mK-amb Sm¿Smdn IS-en-Sp-
°n¬ ]Xn-°p-∂p. AXp-h-
sc -bp≈ ÿe-ß-fn¬
ZpcnXw hnX®p Cu amen-\y-∏m-S.
kvt^mS\w \S∂ DSs\ Xs∂
Pnen≥ ] -W-Ønse ip≤-Pe hnX-c-
W-Øn-\m-bp≈ Hcp πm‚ v AS-®p.
tkmMvlzm \Zn-bn-se Pe-am-bn-cp∂p
AhnsS D]-tbm-Kn®p h∂Xv. \Zn-bpsS
Db¿∂ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ ]h¿Øn-®n-
cp∂ Pe-ssh-ZypX ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂v
DSs\ Xs∂ h¿≤n-®- tXm-Xn¬ sh≈w
]h-ln-∏n®psIm≠v \Zn-bnse Hgp-
°n\v B°w Iq´m\pw A[n-Ir-X-cpsS
`mK-Øp-\n∂v ia-ap-≠m-bn.
ssN\-bnse h≥ \K-c-ß-fn-sem-
∂mb lm¿_n-\n¬ P\-kwJy 30
e£Øne-[nIw hcpw. Ah-cn¬ `qcn-
`mKw t]cpw IpSn -sh-≈-Øn-\mbn
tkmMvlzm \Zn-sb-bmWv Bi-bn-°p-
∂-Xv. \hw-_¿ 21\v Akm-[m-c-W-amb
Hc-dn-bn∏v \K-c- -c-W-IqSw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-
®p. \K-c-Ønse IpSn-sh-≈-hn-X-cWw
GXm\pw Znh -k-tØ°v \n¿Øn-
sh°psa∂m-bn -cp∂p Adn -bn -∏ v .
At∏mgpw Pnen≥ ^mIvS -dn -bn¬
\n∂p≈ amen\yw Ahn-tS°v HgpIn
FØn-bn-cp-∂n-√. IpSn-sh≈ hnX-cWw
\n¿Ø-em -°n -b -Xns‚ bYm¿∞
ImcWw P\-߃°p- ap-ºn¬ shfn-s∏-
Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂n-√.- AXv [mcmfw ]iv\-
߃°n-S-bm-°n. amX-a√ \K-c-Ønse
F√m Ipfn∏p-c-Ifpw Im¿ I-gp-Ip∂
tIµ-ßfpw AS-®n-Sm\pw DØ-c-hn-d-
°n-bn-cp-∂p. Cu \S]SnIƒ ]e-Xcw
Inwh-Z-¥n-Iƒ ]c-Øp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bm-°n.
`qan-Ip-ep°w hcm≥ t]mIp-∂p-sh∂p
hsc-sbØn ]N-c-Ww. b-hn-lz-e-cmb
P\-߃ sXcp-hn-en-d-ßn. In´m-hp-∂X
sh≈hpw `£-W-km-[-\-ßfpw tiJ-
cn -°m≥ Ah¿ hyK -X -Im -´ n .
kq∏¿am¿°-‰p-I-fn¬ km[-\-߃
1991 \pw 2000 Øn\pan-S-bn¬ 2557 ]IrXn Zpc-¥-ß-fn-embn 7
e£-tØmfw Bfp-Iƒ ac-W-a-S-™p. CXns‚ 90% hpw
Pe-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´kw -h-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.
imkvX-tI-cfw18
s]s´∂v Imen-bm-bn. \K-c-Øn¬
\n∂v ]pd-tØ-°p≈ sSbn≥Sn-°-‰p-
Ifpw hnam-\-Sn-°-‰p-Ifpw s]mSp-∂s\
Xo¿∂p. \Zn-bn¬ a’y-߃ NØp-
s]m-ßm≥ XpS-ßn-bXv P\-ß-fpsS
i≤-bn¬ s]´p.
A∂p sshIo v \K-c- -c-W-IqSw
IrXy-amb hnhcw ]pd-Øp-hn- p. Pnen≥
kvt^mS-\sØ XpS¿∂p≈ aen-\o-I-
c-W-amWv Pe-hn-X-cWw \n¿Øn-sh-
°m≥ Imc-W-sa∂pw \mep-Zn-h-k-
tØ°v Xocp-am-\n® Cu \S-]Sn \hw-
_¿ 23 hsc \o´p-I-bm-sW∂pw Adn-
bn-∏p-≠m-bn. kvIqfp-Iƒ°v Hcm-gvN-°m-
e-tØ°v Ah-[n- ]-Jym]n®p. lm¿_n-
\n-te°v sh≈-hp-ambn S°p-Iƒ \nc-
¥cw HmSm≥ XpS-ßn. At∏mtg°pw
\K-c-Øn¬ \n∂v Bfp-Iƒ Hgn-™p-
t]m-Im\pw XpS-ßn-bn-cp-∂p.
cmk-hy-h-kmb Zpc-¥-ß-fpsS
NcnXw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ hy‡-am-
hp∂ H∂p-≠v. Ft∏mgpw A]-I-S-sØ-
∏‰n hmkvX -h -hn -cp -≤ -amb hmZ -
ßfpambn-´m-bn-cn°pw A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ
cwK-sØ-Øp-I. Chn-tS-bpw-N-cnXw
Bh¿Øn-®p. kvt^mS-\-sØ-Xp-S¿∂v
bmsXmcp amen-\yhpw tkmMvlzm
\Zn-bn-te°v Hgp-In-bn-´n -s√-∂m-bn-
cp∂p Ah-cpsS AhIm-i-hm -Zw.
sh≈hpw Im¿_¨ssU HmIvssk-
Up-am-WsX \Zn-bn-te-s°m-gp-In-b-Xv.
Hcp Znhkw Ign -™-t∏m -tg°pw
Pnen≥ Iº\n A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ H∂p
ae°w adn-™p. BZyw \¬Inb
hnh-c-߃ Ah¿ Xncp-Øn. Pe-hn-X-
cWw \n¿Øn-b-Xns‚ bYm¿∞ -Im-
cWw ]d-bm≥ Ah¿ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-
bn. \K-c- -c-W-Iq-S-Ønse D]-K--h¿Wcpw
ssN\m \mj-W¬ s]tSm -fnbw
tIm¿]-td-j-\nse sU]yq´n P\-d¬am-
t\-Pcpw lm¿_n≥ kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw
P\-ß-tfmSv £a tNmZn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
XnI®pw \mS -Io -b -amb Hcp
kw`hw Unkw-_¿ 6\v \S-∂p. A∂v
Pnen≥ D]-ta-b¿ Xs‚ hk-Xn-bn¬
acn®p InS -°p -∂Xv I≠p. CXv
ssN\okv Kh¨sa‚ns\ i‡-amb
Nph-Sp-sh-°p-∂-Xn\v t]cn-∏n-®p. hyh-
66 cmPy-ß-fn¬ sshZypXn DXv]m-Z-\-Øns‚ ]Ip-Xn-sb-¶nepw Pe
sshZypX ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂m-Wv. C\n-sbmcp 24 cmPy-ß-fn¬ CXv
A©n-sem-t∂mfw hcpw.
km-b-Zp-c-¥-߃ ssIImcyw sNøp-
tºmƒ ]e-t∏mgpw \nKq-V-Xm-ev]-cy-
߃ ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ I≠p h∂n-cp-
∂p. F∂m¬ 21˛mw \q‰m -≠nepw
AØcw Xm¬]-cy-ß-fpsS sNdn-b-
tXm-Xn-ep≈ kzm[o\w Hfn-™n-cn-°p-
∂Xv Pnen≥ Zpc¥w ssI-Imcyw
sNbvX-t∏mgpw Z¿in-°m≥ Ign-™p.
]q¿W-ambpw P\-]-£-Øp-\n -∂p -
sIm≠v Hcp Zpc-¥sØ kao-]n°m≥
th≠ kmwkv°m-cnI D∂Xn t\Sm≥
C\n-sbX kmwkv°m-cnI hnπ-h-߃
th≠n-h-cpw.? !
am¿®v 2008 19
en -kvtIm]vsU
m
imkvXtI-cfwa\- n¬ Nn¥-bn¬
Adn-hn¬ ]hr-Øn-bn¬
sshhn-[y-am¿∂
Imen-sUm-kvtIm]v
k-am-l-cWw: tP∏okv
hy‡n
apc-fo-[¿ tZh-Zmkv BwsX
bv°v Pohn-X-Øn¬ F¥p-am-Im-am-bn-cp-
∂p. IW-°‰ kzØp≈ P∑n IpSpw-
_-Øn-emWv P\n-®-Xv. \nb-a-_n-cpZw
t\Sn-bn-´p-≠v. ]mIvSokv sNbvXv
h°o-embn t]sc-Sp-°mw.-cm-jvSo-b-
°m-c-\mbn A[n-Imcw Iøm-fmw.
F∂m¬ F¥m-IWw F∂-Xn¬
At±-l-Øn\v kwi-b-an-√m-bn-cp-
∂p. Ip™p-∂m-fpapX¬ PmXn
Nn¥bpw Abn-Øhpw hen-∏-
s®-dp-∏-hp-sa√mw a\- n¬\n-
∂-I-‰nb apc-fo-[¿ apXn¿∂-
t∏mƒ Km‘n-in -jy -\m -bn.
tZiob kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-Øn¬
]s¶-Sp-Øp. tcmK-Øn\pw Zmcn-Zy-
Øn\pw Npj-W-Øn\pw Ah-K-W-\-
bv°p-sa-Xnsc t]mcm-Sp∂ a\pjy
kvt\ln-bm-bn, _m_ BwtX-bmbn
kzmX-¥ym-\-¥c C¥y-bn¬ 2008
s^_p-hcn 9 hsc Pohn-®p.
1914 Unkw-_¿ 26\v alm-cm-jvS-
bnse hm¿[- Pn-√-bn¬ lnwK≥L-´n-
emWv P\-\w. \nb-a-_n-cpZw t\Sn-b-
tijw Ipd-®p-Imew A`n-`m-j-I-\mbn
At±lw tPmen t\m°n. AXn-\n-S-bn-
emWv A°m-esØ GXp sNdp-∏-°m-
c-t\bpw t]mse tZiob ka-c-Øn¬
BIr-jvS-\m-hp-∂-Xv. alm-fl-Pn-bpsS
tkhm - i -a -Ønse PohnXw
BwsXsb BsI am‰n adn -®p .
Km‘nPn At± -lsØ hnfn -®Xv
"A`bv km[Iv' (kXym -t\zjn)
F∂m-Wv . tkhm - ia°m-eØv
hnt\m` `msh, SmtKm¿ F∂n-hsc
]cn -N -b -s∏ -´Xpw BwsX-bpsS
Pohn-XsØ kzm[o-\n-®p.
\mKv]qcn-\-SpØv "B\-µ-
-h≥' Fs∂m-cm-iaw ÿm]n®v
IpjvT-tcm-Kn-Iƒ°v Hc-`-b-tI-µ-
sam -cp -°n -s°m-≠mWv BwsX
kmaq-ln-I-]-h¿Ø\w icn-bmb
A¿∞-Øn¬ Bcw-`n-°p∂-Xv.
kaq-l-Øns‚ apJy-[m-c-bn¬
\n∂v Hgn-hm-°-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-
cp∂p IpjvT-tcm-Kn -Iƒ.
I¬°-Ø-bnse kvIqƒ
Hm^v tSm∏n-°¬ saUn-kn-
\n¬ tN¿∂v IpjvT-tcm-K-Nn-
In -’-°p≈ ]cn -io -e -\w
t\Sn. tcmKn-Isf NnIn-’n-
°pI amX-a√ Ahsc ]p\-c-[n-
h-kn -∏n -°m\pw kaq -l-Øn\v
IpjvT-tcm-Kn-I-tfm-Sp≈ Ad∏pw
shdp∏pw am‰n-sb-Sp-°m\pw \nc-¥-c-
i-a-amWv BwsX \S-Øn-b-Xv. `mcy
km[-\bpw a°fpw At±-l-Øn-t\m-
sSm∏w \n∂p. A£o-W-amb ]cn-i-a-
Øn-t‚bpw ip`m]vXn hnizm-k-Øn-
t‚bpw tIµ-ambn B\-µ-h≥
amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kao-]sØ 60 Kma-
ß-fn-te°v Cu ]h¿Ø\w hym]n-
∏n°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
cmPysØ _m[n® F√m-Xcw
hgntb \S∂ HcmƒKm‘n-Pn-bpsSKm‘n-Pn-bpsSKm‘n-Pn-bpsS
hgntb \S∂ Hcmƒ
imkvX-tI-cfw20
en -kvtIm]vsU
m
hn]-Øp-I-sf-°p-dn®pw Cu Km‘n-b≥
i≤m-ep-hm-bn-cp-∂p. h¿§ob hnImcw
ap‰n-\n∂ ImeØv 1985¬ I\ym-
Ip-amcn apX¬ Imivao¿ hsc "`mcXv
tPmtUm' F∂ t]cn¬ BwsX Hcp
bmX \S -Øn. kap -Zmb
kulm¿±hpw kam-[m-\-hp-am-bn-cp∂p
Cu ]cy-S-\-Øns‚ e£yw.
]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£-W-Øns‚
Imcy -Ønepw _m_ BwsX
Dd-®- \n -e-]m-sS-Sp -Øp. hnI-k-\-
Øns‚ t]cn¬ \ΩpsS ]Ir-Xnsb
\in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ At±lw Zp:JmIp-
e-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ]Ir-Xn-tbm-sSm∏w
\in-°p-∂Xv \ΩpsS kwkv°m-chpw
IqSn-bm-Wv, ]tXy-In®pw BZnhmkn
kwkv°m-cw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv \¿ΩZ
]≤-Xn-s°-Xnsc ta[m-]-S vI-dpsS
t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \S∂ ka-c-Øns‚
ap≥\n-c-bn¬ _m_m BwsX ]s¶-
Sp-Ø-Xv. AW-sI´n Pew s]mßp-∂n-
SØv hoSp-sI´n kzbw apßn acn-°m≥
Xøm-sdSpØp At±-lw. _m_m
BwsX-bpsS \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw ]n¥p-
Wbpw \ne -\n¬]n -\pwtamN-
\Øn\pambn t]mcm-Sp∂ P\-hn-`m-K-
߃°v, kwL-S-\-Iƒ°v , hy‡n-
Iƒ°v Ipd -s®m -∂p -a√ IcpØp
]I¿∂-Xv.
]fl-io, ]fl-hn -`q -j¨,
Km‘nss]kv, Awt_-ZvI¿ A¥m-
cmjvS Ahm¿Uv, sdbva¨
amKvkmsk Ahm¿Uv XpS-ßn-bh
_m_ BwsXbv°v e`n-®n-´p-≠v.
ASn-apSn Km‘n-b-\m-bn-cp∂p
_m_ BwsX. ss]Xr-I-ambn e`n-
°p-am-bn-cp∂ kzØp-°ƒ apgp-h≥
ths≠∂p sh®v , P\-ß-fpsS CS-
bn¬ km[m-c-W-°m-c-\mbn Pohn®p
At±-lw.
Fs¥√mw sSIvt\m-f-Pn-Ifm-
bn-cn°mw \ΩpsS Pohn-XsØ am‰n
adn-°m≥ t]mIp-∂Xv? `mh-\-bp-sS-
A-Xn-cp-Iƒ FX -th-W-sa-¶nepw
hnI-kn-∏n-°mw, ImcWw Akm-[y-
ambn H∂p-an√ F∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-
Øp∂ hn[-Øn-emWv kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-
Zy-bpsS hf¿®. `mhn-sb-∏‰n kz]v\-
߃ ImWp -∂-Xn -\p -aptº
Ct∏m-gsØ hf¿®-sb-
∏-‰n-bp≈ hnh-
c - ß ƒ
A\n-hm-cy-
a m - W v .
A¥m-cm-jvS-
X - e - Ø n ¬
i t≤ -b - \ mb
sF Sn hnZ-KvZ≥
io B¿.-]n. ememPn
Fgp -Xnb "]pXnb
\q‰m -≠n¬ ]pXnb
sSIvt\m -fPn' F∂
]pkvXIw B[p -\nI
kmt¶-XnI hnZy hf-cp-∂-
Xns‚ hgn-I-fn-te°v shfn®w
hoip∂ ]pkvX-I-am-Wv.
\ΩpsS kz]v\-߃°pw AXo-
X-amb coXn-bn-emWv Kth-j-W-߃
\S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS
ico-c -Øn-\p -≈n¬ IS∂v sN∂v
tcmKm-Xp-c-amb tImi-ßsf NnIn-’n-
°p∂ \mt\m-tUm-IvS¿am¿. ico-c-
Øn-\p-≈nse A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb
am‰-ßsf ]pd-tØ-°-dn -bn -°p∂
Ip™p Iºyq-´-dp-Iƒ XpSßn \mt\m-
sS-Ivt\m-fPn \¬Ip∂ km[y-X-Iƒ
hsc Cu ]pkvXIw hne-bn-cp-Øp∂p.
sk¬t^m¨ am‰-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-
bn-s°m-≠ncn-°p∂ as‰mcp kmt¶-Xn-
I-XbmWv. 1973 G]n¬ 13\v am¿´n≥
Iq∏¿ F∂ Ata-cn -°≥
kmt¶-XnI hnZ -K vZ≥
jqhns‚ hep-∏hpw CjvSn-
I -bpsS `mc -hp -ap≈
BZysØ samss_¬
t^m¨ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-
t∏mƒ CXv temI-
Ønse hm¿Øm-hn-
\n -ab cwKsØ
am‰n adn°pw
F∂v ]Xo-£n-
®n-´p-≠m-hn-√.
AXn -t∏mƒ
s h d p w
hm¿Øm-hn-
\n-ab am[y-a-
Øn¬ \n∂pw hnt\m-
tZm-]m-[nbpw Iºyq-´-dp-sa√mw
Bbn amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ct∏mƒ Hcp
]Sn IqSn IS∂v tUmIvS¿ IqSn
BIm≥ t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. \nß-fpsS
ico -c -tØmSv samss_¬t^m¨
tN¿Øv sh®m¬ AI-se-bp≈
tUmIvSsd Btcm-Ky-hn-h-c-߃ Adn-
bn-°p-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ \n¿t±iw
XncnsI kvIo\n¬ ImWn-°m\pw
samss_¬t^m-Wn\v km[n-°pw.
]e Imcy -ß-fnepw samss_¬
]pkvX-I-]-cn-Nbw
Pohn-°p-∂-h¿
!
\mw `mhn-bn¬
am¿®v 2008 21
t^m¨ Hcp tUmIvS-sd-t∏mse kzbw
Xocp -am -\ -߃ Adn -bn -°p -Ibpw
sNøpw.
hnh -c -ap≈ hoSp -Iƒ F∂v
tIƒ°p-tºmƒ A¤p-X-am-Wp-≠m-hp-
∂-Xv At√? F∂m¬ hoSns‚ ]cn-N-c-
Whpw \nß-fpsS ]cn-N-c-Whpw hoSp-
Xs∂ \S -Øp -I -bm -sW-¶ntem?
AXmWv kvam¿´v tlmapIƒ. \nß-
tfbpw \n߃ \n¿t±-in-°p-∂-h-tcbpw
amXw AI-tØ°v Ib‰n hnSp-Ibpw
Ah-cpsS BtcmKyw, `£Ww a‰v
kuI-cy-߃ F√mw Xncn-®-dn™v
]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-bmWv
kvam¿´v tlmap-Iƒ.
imkvX-tI-c-f-Øns‚ Cu t]Pv
Ata-cn -°-bnse Hcp kplr-Øn\v
Ab-®p -sIm-Sp -°-W-sa-¶n¬ t]Pv
^mIvkv sNøp-Itbm C˛-sa-bn¬
sNøp-Itbm sNbvXm¬ aXn-bm-Ipw.
F∂m¬ \n߃°v kplr-Øns\
Ata-cn-°-bn¬ sh®v t\cn´v I≠v
ssIsIm-Sp -°-W-sa -¶n¬ AhnsS
t]mImsX ]‰n-√t√m? sSen-t]m¿t´-
j≥ F∂ kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy a\p-jys\
Hcp ÿeØv \n∂pw A]-Xy-£-
\m°n as‰mcp ÿeØv ]Xy-£-s∏-
Sp-Øp∂ hnZy-bm-Wv. a\p-jy-s\bpw
hkvXp-°-tf-bp-sa√mw Bt‰m-anIv Xe-
Øn¬ kvIm≥sNbvXv hnL-Sn∏n®v ,
kvIm≥ sNbvX hnh-c-߃ Zqc-ÿ-e-
tØ°v Ab®v AhnsS ]p\:krjvSn-
°p-∂-XmWv Cu hnZy. mIvkv sNøp-
tºmƒ t]Pnse hnh-c-߃ kvIm≥
sNbvXv Ab-bv°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Xs∂
\sΩ kvIm≥ sNbvXv Ab-bv°p-bmWv
CXp-sIm≠v Dt±-in -°p-∂-Xv. CXv
ssii-hm-h-ÿ-bn-ep≈ kmt¶-XnI
hnZy-bm-Wv.
kn\n -a -I -fn¬ ]bm -kap≈
1.
CXv Hcp cmPy-Øns‚ tZiob
]XmIbmWv. AK 47 CXn¬
Bte-J\w sNbvXncn-°p∂p .
cmPyw GXmWv?
2. \mk hnt£-]n® Hcp _ln-cm-
Imi hml-\-Øns‚ t]cmWv
"sa ≥P¿'. GXp Kl-Øn-s\-
bmWv Cu hml\w e£yw
sh°p-∂Xv?
3. ]m°n-ÿm≥ ]kn-U≠v apjvd-
^n\v ]m°n-ÿm-\n¬ Hcp iIm-
c-t∏cp hnfn-°p-∂p-≠v. "_pjd v'.
A¥-cn® t_\-ko¿ qt´mbv°pw
AhnsS Hcp iIm-c-t∏-cp≠v ]d-
bmtam?
4. CXv `c-XvtKm]n. A`n-\-bn®
BZy Ne-®nXw GXv?
5. a\p -jy-i-co -c -Øn¬ \mhns\
Dd-∏n®p \n¿Øm≥ klm-bn-
°p∂ F√v GXmWv?
6. Hcp A¥¿t±-iob ]pc-kv°m-
cambn \¬Ip-∂-XmWn inev]w.
GXm-WXv?
7. International Criminal PoliceOrganisation (A¥¿t±-iob
Ip‰m -t\z -jW kwLw) \v
s]mXpsh ]d-bp∂ t]sc-
¥mWv?
8. "sh\n-tkze'˛ Hcp Z£nW
Ata-cn-°≥ cmPy-am-Wv. GXp
hm°n¬ \n∂mWv Cu t]cv
Dcp-Øn-cn-™Xv F∂-dn-bmtam?
Iznkv tIm¿W¿ tNmZy-߃
kwL- \cwK-߃ A`n-\-bn-°p-∂Xv
Uyq∏p-I-fm-W-t√m. F∂m¬ a\p-
jy¿°v Akm-[y-amb cwK-߃
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ Iºyq-´¿ krjvSn-
I-fmb Uyq∏p-Iƒ cwK-sØ-Øn-bn-cn-
°p-∂p. Hcn-°epw ]mb-am-Im-Xn-cn-
°m≥ Un.-F≥.-F-bn¬ Nne am‰-߃
hcp-Øn-bm¬ aXn-bm-Ip-sa∂v ]Xo-
£n®v Kth-j-W-߃ \S-°p-∂p.
]pXnb \q‰m-≠nse kmt¶-XnI
hnZy-Iƒ `mhnbpw h¿Ø-am-\hpw
th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°m-\m-hmØ hn[w
Cg]n-cn™p InS-°p-∂p. AXns‚
Adn-hp-I-fn-te°pw hni-Zmw-i-ß-fn-
te°pw \bn-°p-∂-h-bmWv"]pXnb
\q‰m -≠n¬ ]pXnb sSIvt\m -
fPn'F∂ ]pkvX-Iw. Cu ]pkvXIw
\mw `mhn-bn¬ Pohn-°p-∂-h-cmWv
F∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°p-∂p.
]km-[\w: Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv,
hne: 55 cq]
imkvX-tI-cfw22
en -kvtIm]vsU
m
-\q-X-\-imkvXw
\mt\m
sSIvt\m-fPn
\mt\m
sSIvt\m-fPn
k¿∆-km-[m-c-W-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp
t]cmWv "\mt\m-sS-Ivt\m-fPn'F∂-Xv.
F¥mWv "\mt\m' F∂-Xp-sIm-≠v Dt±-in-
°p-∂Xv? H∂ns‚ \qdv tImSn-bn¬ Hcwiw
F∂-XmWv \mt\m F∂ ]Z-Øns‚
A¿∞w 100000000
1 CXns\ Npcp°n 10--˛9
F∂v FgpXmw. At\-I-tImSn X∑m-X-Iƒ
tN¿∂m-Wt√m \mw ImWp∂ hkvXp-°-
sfm-s°bpw \n¿Ωn-°s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv. Hmtcm
X∑m-Xbpw ct≠m AXn-e-[n-Itam B‰-
߃ tN¿∂-Xm-Wv. Hmtcm X∑m-X-bp-
tSbpw cmk-`u -XnI KpW-߃
hyXykvXhp-am-bn-cn-°pw. \ap-°m-h-iy-amb
KpW-K-W-ß-fp≈ hkvXp-°ƒ B‰-ßsf
]p\:Iao-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-
XmWv \mt\m -sS -I vt\m -f -Pn -bpsS
ASnÿm\w. tdmUp-I-fpsS \ofw
Intem-ao-‰-dnepw tImi-ß-fpsS hep∏w
ssatIm-ao-‰-dnepw ]d-bp-∂Xv kuI-cy-
] -Z -am -b -Xp -t]mse B‰-ß-fpsS
hep∏w \mt\m-ao-‰-dn¬ ]d-bp-∂-XmWv
kuI-cyw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv B‰-ßsf
ssIImcyw sNøp∂ kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-
sb \mt\m-sS-Ivt\m-fPn F∂v hnfn-°p-
∂-Xv.
A\-¥-km-[y-X-I-fp≈ imkvX-im-
J-bm-Wn-Xv. Hcp tamXncw t]mse [cn-
°m-hp∂ Iºyq-´dpw 200˛Hmfw kn.-Un-
I-fn¬ sIm≈m-hp-∂X hnh-c-߃ Hcp
t]mì Ãmºns‚ hep-∏-Øn¬
HXp°m-hp∂ saΩdn Nn∏p-Ifpsa√mw
\mt\m-sS-Ivt\m-f-Pn-bpsS km[y-X-I-fm-
Wv. hymh-km-bn-Im-h-iy-Øn\p≈ cmk-
Xz-c-I-߃, hne-Ip-d-™Xpw KpW-ta-∑-
bp-≈-Xp-amb eq_n-°‚p-Iƒ XpSßn
temIØv \mt\msSIvt\m-f-PnbpsS
kw`m-h-\-Iƒ ]Xo-£n-°p∂ [mcmfw
taJ-e-I-fp≠vv. Iym≥k¿ t]m-ep≈
tcmK-߃°v tcmK-_m-[nX tImi
tfm-sSm∏w Btcm-Ky-ap≈ tImi-ß
Iptd-sbms° \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm
C∂sØ NnIn-’m-co-Xn. F∂m¬ tcm
_m[n® tImi-ßsf amXw sXc™
]nSn®v sIm√p∂ NnIn’m coXn \mt
sS-Ivt\m-fPn apt∂m- p-sh-°p∂ hmKvZ
am-Wv. C∂sØ an° NnIn’m coX
fnepw Btcm-Ky-kw-c-£-W-am¿§-ßfn
KpW-]-c-amb am‰-߃ hcp-Øm≥ C
kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-°mhpw.
`mhn-bpsS inev]hn
am¿®v 2008 23
F√mw km[n-°p∂ k¿∆-i-‡-
\mb Hcm-fp-s≠-∂n-cn-°-s´. Ct±-l-Øn\v
B¿°pw Nen-∏n-°m-\m-hmØ Hcp I√v
\n¿Ωn -°m -\m -hp -sa∂v Dd -∏m -
Wt√m?B¿°pw Nen-∏n-°m-\m-hmØ
Hcp I√v Ct±lw \n¿Ωn®p F∂n-cn-°s´.
C\n-sb-¥mWv ]iv\w. B¿°pw Nen-
∏n-°m-\m-hmØ Cu I√v k¿∆-i‡\v
Cf-°m≥ km[n-°ptam?
]apJ _n´ojv KWn-X-im-kvX-
⁄\pw Nn¥-I-\p-amb _¿´‚ v d -
emWv Cu ]tl-fn-I-bpsS D]-⁄m-
Xmhv . k¿∆-i-‡≥ Cu I√v Cf-°n-sb-
]tl-fnI
Im¿´q¨ kXojv
k¿∆-i-‡s‚
]tl-fnI
∂n-cn-°-s´, At∏mƒ B¿°pw Nen-∏n-°m-\m-hmØ I√v \n¿Ωn-
°m≥ Ct±-l-Øn\v km[n-°p-sa∂ ]kvXm-h\ sX‰m-sW-∂vv hcp∂p.
AYhm I√v Cf-°m≥ km[n-®n√ F∂n-cn-°-s´, At∏mƒ F√mw
sNøm≥ km[n-°p-sa∂ ]kvXm-h\ sX‰m-Ip-∂p. k¿∆-i-‡-\pw-
F√mw sNøm≥ km[n-°p-∂-h-\p-amb Hcmƒ F∂ km[y-Xsb Cu
]tl-fnI tNmZyw sNøp-∂p.
i-ß-
ßfpw
mWv
mKw
™v
t\m-
Zm\-
Xn-I-
epw
Cu
nZyIm¿∫¨ \mt\m Syq_p-I-fpsS hf¿®
Iao-I-cn®v krjvSn® cq]w. Ccpºv cmk-
Xz-c-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv CXv km[n-
®-Xv. 7500 -C ¬ FØn-eo≥ hmXIw hnL-
Sn-∏n-®mWv \mt\m Syq_p-Iƒ hf¿Øn-b-
Xv. henb hrØ-ßfpsS `nØn-Iƒ°v
15 mm hoXnbpw 1 mm Db-c-hp-am-Wp-≈-
Xv. ]mt‰-Wns‚ samØw hymkw tIhew
8 mm Dw. CØ-c-Øn¬ Im¿∫¨ \mt\m
Syq_v LS\I-fpsS \nb-¥nX cq]o-I-
cWw BWh tXmXn -ep≈ (atomicscale) in¬∏-ß-fpsS krjvSn-°p≈ Hcp
hgn-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. `mhn-bnse inev] hnZy.
imkvX-tI-cfw24
en -kvtIm]vsU
m
CsXmcp _p≤n-]-c-amb hymbm-a-am-Wv. DØcw Is≠Øn Ab°q G‰hpw \√ DØ-c-Øn\v imkvX-tI-cfw kΩm\w \¬Ipw
kaky˛10
kaky
]d™p^e n - ∏ n -° m - \ p≈
_p≤n-ap-´p-Im-c-W-am-sW∂p tXm∂p-
∂p, Ffp-∏-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw Ign™
ka-kybv°v hfsc Ipd®v ]Xn-I-c-
W-ßsf In´n-bp-≈q.
henb Xnc-°n-√m-bn-cp-s∂-
¶nepw B Xncp -h -\ -¥-]pcw
kq∏¿^mÃv B‰n-ß-se-Øn-b-
t∏m-gmWv F\n°v ko‰v In´n-b-Xv.
_kn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-h-cn¬ ap°m¬
]¶pw AhnsS Cd-ßp-I-bm-sW∂p
tXm∂n. hmXn-en-\-cn-In-ep≈ ko‰n-
en-cp-∂v Rm≥ Cd-ßp-∂-h-tcbpw
Ib-dp-∂-h-tcbpw FÆn-s°m-≠n-cp-
∂p. ]n∂oSv _kn-ep-≈-h-cpsS
FÆw t\m°n-b-t∏mƒ Fs‚
tXm∂¬ icn-bm-sW∂p I≠p.
_kn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-h-cpsS IrXyw
¾ mK-am-bn-cp∂p Cd-ßn-t∏m-b-h¿.
A∂sØ B›-cy-ß-fpsS
XpS°w amX-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.
kq∏¿^mÃv alm-›cyw
_kv ]n∂oSv Ig-°q-´Øpw ioIm-
cyØpw \n¿Øn-b-t∏mgpw CtX-
t]mse bmX-°m-cpsS ¾ `mKw Cd-
ßn-t∏mbn. aq∂p -tÃm-∏p-I-fn¬
\n∂p Ib-dn-bXpw Htc FÆw bmX-
°m¿! 7 t]¿ hoXw.
kuI-cy-Øn-\mbn Rm≥ ka-N-
Xp-c-°-´-Isf Aev]-sam∂v am‰n hc-
®n- p-≠v. Ct∏mƒ ap≥,-]n≥, ta¬, Iogv,
CSXv (NnXw t\m°p-∂-bm-fns‚ CS-
Xp-I-tømSv ASp-Øp-h-cp∂), heXv
F∂n-ßs\ NXp-c-°-´-bpsS hi-ß-
sf-∏-‰n-∏-d-bmw. C\n NnX-Øn-ep≈
I´-I-fpsS A`n-ap-J-am-bn-cn-°p∂ hi-
ß-fn¬ FX IpØp-Iƒ Ds≠∂v
Is≠Øm≥ ian-°mw.
cma≥ sh® I´-I-fn¬ he-Xp-h-
i-Øp-≈-Xns‚ he-Xp-h-iØv \mep
IpØp-Iƒ D≈-Xn-\m¬ \ap-°p-th≠
CS-Xp-h-iØv aq∂v IpØp-I-fm-bn-
]t£ Rm\nXv \nß-tfmSv ]d-
™Xv B›-cy-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ th≠n-
b√. ioIm-cy-Øp-\n∂v ]pd-s∏-´-
t∏mƒ _kn¬ FX-t]-cp-≠m-bn-
cp∂p F∂v \n߃ ]d-bm≥ th≠n-
bm-Wv.
kaky 10, Imen-sUmkvtIm]v, imkvX-tI-c-fw, tImgn-t°mSv 2
F∂ hnem-k-Øn¬ X]m-entem [email protected] F∂
hnem-k-Øn¬ e-mail Btbm Ab-°mw.
hgn hni-Z-ambn Fgp-Xm≥ aSnt°-≠.
X]m-en¬ Ab-°p-∂-h¿ Ih-dn\p ]pdØpw
e-mail Ab-°p-∂-h¿ k_vPIvSv sse\nepw
problem solving F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øq.
Ah-km\ XnøXn am¿®v 20
DØcab°q; kΩm\w t\Sq.
ka-ky˛9 \n¿[m-cWw IpØp-Iƒ FX?
kp\n¬ tZhv
cma≥
IrjvW≥
am¿®v 2008 25
kΩm\w:
cn°pw F∂v a\- n-em-°mw. FXn¿h-
i-ß-fn¬ BsI Ggv hc-Ø-°-hn-[-
am-Wt√m IpØp-Iƒ CSm-dv.
CXns\ H∂v CS-tØ°v adn-
°p∂p F∂v hnNm-cn-°p-I. At∏mƒ
CS-Xp -h-isØ I´-bpsS t]mse
tase \mepw ap∂n¬ Bdpw CSØv
c≠pw IpØp-Iƒ BIpw. I -Iƒ Htc-
t]m-se-bp-≈h BsW∂p ]d-™n-´p-
≈-Xn-\m¬ CS-Xp-h-isØ I´-bpsS
he-Xp-h-iØv A©vIp-Øp-I-fm-bn-
cn°pw F∂v CXn¬ \n∂pw a\-kn-em-
°mw. At∏mƒ IrjvW≥ ]d™
DØcw 8(3+5) Bbn-cn-°pw.
C\n IrjvWs‚ tNmZy -Øn-
te°p IS -°mw. ChnsS he-Xp
-h-i-sØ- I-´-bpsS CS-Xp-h-iØv 4
IpØp-I-fm-sW-∂Xv hy‡-am-Wv. Cu
I´sb ap∂n-te°v Hcp XhW adn-
®m¬ H‰-°p-Øp-ambn Ct∏mƒ ]n∂n-
ep≈ hiw apI-fn-se-Øpw. CSsØ
I´-bp-ambn CXn-\p≈ hyXymkw
ap∂nep-≈Xv 5 IpØp-I-fm-sW-∂-Xm-
Wv. CXns\ Xnc-›o-\-ambn c≠p
XhW (C-S-tØmt´m he-tØmt´m
BImw. 900 hoXw c≠p-X-hW As√-
¶n¬ 1800 ) Xncn-®m¬ c≠p-Ip-Øp-I-
fp-ambn ]n∂nse hiw ap∂n-se-Øpw.
H∏w CS-Xp-h-i-Øp-ff 4 IpØp-I-fp≈
hiw- h-e-Xp-hiØmIp-Ibpw sNøpw
Aßns\ IrjvWs‚ tNmZy-Øns‚
DØ-chpw 8(4+4) F∂m-Ip-∂p.
1. samkm-ºn-°v. B^n-°-bn-em-
Wv Cu cmPyw.
2 _p[≥ (sa¿°p-dn).
3. "t_\-kodn's‚ A¿∞w "A\p-
]aw' F∂m-Wv. "a\- m-£n-bn-
√m-Ø-hƒ'F∂¿∞-ap≈ "t_ -
k-ao¿' F∂ D¿Zp-hm-°mWv
t_\-kodns‚ iIm-c -t∏-c v .
]ikvX am[y-a-]-h¿Ø-I≥
tUhnUv _¿kmanbm≥ Hcp
A`n-ap-J-Øn¬ kao-]-Im-eØv
CXv Nq≠n-°m-´p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
4. kzbw-hcw (A-Sq¿tKm-]m-e-Ir-
jvW≥ kwhn-[m\w sNbvXp).
5. ltbm-bnUv (`m-j-Wm-ÿn).
6 Kman Ahm¿Uv.
7 C‚¿t]mƒ.
8. en‰n¬-˛-sh-\okv.
Iznkv tIm¿W¿ DØ-c-߃
lcn]-kmZv sI sI
"iol-cn', ssIcfn \K¿
]nem-Ød ]n H, IÆq¿ 670501
Krl-\m -Y≥ Hm^o -kn¬\n∂n-d-ßn-b-t∏mƒ aWn Ggv. t\scho´n-te°v . AhnsS sN∂-t∏mƒtK‰n¬ X´n-bn-√. IX-In¬ ap´n-bn-√. s_√-Sn-®n-√. `mcysb hnfn-®n-√.tK‰pw IX-Ip-sa√mw X°-k-a-bØvXms\ Xpd-∂p. CXmWv Xmt°m¬th≠mØ ]pXnb temIw.
\nßfpsS CjvS - ] -ImcwXms\ Xpd-°p∂ hmXn-ep-I-fp≈Cu temIØv BsI-°qSn HcpXmt°m¬ amXta Bh-iy-ap-≈q.B Xmt°m¬ Fßpw hmßm≥In´p-I-bn-√. B¿°pw hn¬°m\pwIgn-bn-√. B¿°pw tamjvSn-°m-\p-am-hn-√. IÆnse IrjvW-a-Wn-t]msekq£n-t°≠ Cu Xmt°m¬ as‰m-∂-√. \nß-fpsS IÆnse IrjvW-a-Wn-bpsS Np‰p-ap≈ h¿Wm-`-ambt\X-] -Sew(Iris) Xs∂-bm -Wv .Bsf Xncn-®-dn-bm-\mbn Hcp \q‰m-
t≠m-f-ambn D]-tbm-K-Øn-en-cn-°p∂hnc-e-S-bmf kº-Zm-b-sØ-°mƒanI-®Xpw Ip‰-a-‰Xpw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥Ffp-∏-ap-≈-Xp-am-W v Ir-jvW-a-Wn-bpsS ]mt‰¨ B[m-c-am-°n-bp≈Cu ]pXnb _tbm-sa-SnIv kwhn-[m\w. c≠p-t]-cpsS t\X-]-S-e-ß-fpsS ]mt‰-Wp-Iƒ Hcn-°epw ka-am-bn -cn -°p -I-bn√ F∂-XmWv Cu\qX\ kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ ]n∂n-ep≈ XØzw... Hcp Xmt°m¬ Zzm-c-Øn\p ]n∂n¬ LSn-∏n-°m-hp∂ HcphoUntbm Iyma-dbpw AXn-t\mSp_‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ Iw]yq-´dpwAS-ßnb Hcp b¥-kw-hn-[m-\-amWvCXn-\m-h-iy-ap-≈-Xv. Cu kwhn-[m-\-ap-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ÿm]-\-Øn-te-°v]th-i-\m-\p-aXn D≈-h-cp-tS-sb√mwIÆnse sFdn-kns‚ NnX-߃Iw]yq-´-dns‚ saΩ-dn-bn¬ kq£n-®n-cn-°pw. ]th-i\w tXSp-∂-h¿ Iyma-d-°-Æn-te°v H∂p t\m°p-Itbth≠q. sFdn-kns‚ NnX-sa-SpØvAXv saΩ-dn-bn-ep≈ NnX-ß-fp-ambnHØp-t\m°n F√mw icn-bm-sW-¶n¬hmXn-ens‚ ]q´p-Xp-d-°p∂ \S-]Snc≠p sk°‚p-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ D≠m-Ipw.
(]pXnb \q‰m -≠n¬ ]pXnb
sSIvt\m-f-Pn F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬\n∂v )
Xmt°m¬
th≠mØ hoSv
Nn¥v
imkvX-tI-cfw26
]Z-]-iv\w- am¿®v 2008
]Z-]iv\w t]mÃv Im¿Un¬ I≈n-h-c®v ]qcn-∏n-®-b-bv°p-I. t]cpw ta¬hn-em-khpw Fgp-Xm≥ ad-∂p-t]m-I-cp-tX.
en -kvtIm]vsU
m
A\p
Ah-km\ XnøXn : am¿®v 20. Ab-bvt°≠ hnemkw : ]Z-]iv\w, am¿®v 2008, imkvX-tI-cfw, tImgn-t°mSv 673 002
s^_p-hcn ]Z-]iv\w kΩm-\m¿l¿
* DÆn-Ir-jvW≥. Fkv
AºmSn
]mWm-h-≈n. ]n.H
tN¿Ø-e˛ 688566
* A]¿W.-sI.-]n.
D/o ]n.-hn.-th-em-bp-[≥
DX-´mXn
Im™n-c-ßmSv ]n.H
Icn-ºw, Xfn-∏-d-º˛ 670142
he-tØm´v
2. Zpcq-l-ambn acWw kw`-hn® Hcp
I\ym-kvXo-bpsS t]cv Cß-s\-
bmWv.
4. \ΩpsS Hcp ico-c-`mKw.
5. ]qhn-s\-bn-jvSw, ]qhn-\njvSw.
7 alm-Ihn Ipam-c-\m-ims‚ IYm-
]m-Xw˛ Ihn-Xbpw.
9 kln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wn-Xv.
11. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øn-\-SpØ Hcp
ÿew. Cu \mSns‚ t]cn¬
Adn-b-s∏´ Hcp \S-\p-≠m-bn-cp-
∂p \ΩpsS kn\n-a-bn¬.
14. AΩm-a≥ \´mepw AΩmbn
sh®mepw \ap°pw Iq´Ww
15. "Zni'bdn-™n-s√-¶n¬ KXn-tI-
Sp-Xs∂.
16. Ac-b-∂-∏n-S-bm-Wn-Xv.
19. CXv _jo-dns‚ IYm-]mXw.
21 \mhv Xs∂. ckn-°m-\-Xt√
th≠Xv.
22 DØ-tc-¥y-bnse \Zn.
23 ASn-®m¬ apgßpw.
24 CsXmcp Xcw NqXp-I-fn-bm-Wv.
Xmtgm´v
1. "`wKn-'bp-≠v,t√?.
2. \S\pw \Snbpw sNøp-∂Xv.
3. tKm]n-bpsS "X_-enÃv Aø-∏≥'
Cu kn\n-a-bn-em-Wv.
6. "amfw' Xs∂.
8. I¨]oen.
9 cmam -bW-Øn¬ hn`o -j-Ws‚
]Xv\n.
10. Hcp IS¬Po-hn . Hcp ]mSv sI´p
-I-Y-Iƒ Cu]mhw PohnsbIpdn-®p≠v.
12. cNn-®mse CXp-≠mhq.
13. ]´Ww F∂¿∞w.
17. ]I-en-\p-tijw.
18. ssIøn¬ In´n-bXv.
19. tIc-f-Øns‚ Dbcw IqSnb ae.
20. CXp apgp-h≥ ]qcn-∏n-°m\pw thW-
sam-cp...
25. CXp -sI-´m¬ t]mbnt√ Imcyw
1
2 3
4 5
6 7 8
9 11 12 1310
14
16 17 18
15
19 20
21
22 23
24 25
1 2 3 4
5
6 7 8 9
10 1311 12
14
15 16
A S hn ] ≤ Xn
iz h k Xn c
°vXn an cw X em
Yn
e] I
√
hn c lw I h W
e l cn
X
h
h \n
b
* ^vfmknUv tPm¿÷v
]p≈n-°m-´n¬
Iqcm-®p≠v
AtXzmSn ]n.H
tImgn-t°m-Sv˛ 673527
* Aºnfn ioIp-am¿
7˛_n
sk‚ v.-tPm-k vkv GHSS
aptØmen
tIm´-bw˛ 686620
am¿®v 2008 27
al-Ømb kn\n-a-Ifn-eqsS Hcp bmX
Bwt_mkv _nb¿kv
(Ambrose Bierce) F∂ Fgp-Øp-Im-
c≥ 1890¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn® AXn
at\m-l-c -amb sNdp -I-Y-bmWv
"Huƒ Io°v ]me-Ønse
kw`hw'. Ata-cn-°≥ B`y-¥-c-bp-
≤-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ s^U-
d¬ B¿an-bpsS ]nSn-bn-e-I-s∏´
Hcp a\p-jy-\mWv IY-bn¬ \mb-
I≥˛ ]pcm-X-\-amb Hcp IpSpw-_-
Ønse AwKhpw tXm´-ap-S-abpw
Bb s]bv‰¨ ^¿Iz¿.
HuƒIo°v ]mew XI¿°p-∂-Xn-
\p≈ A´n-adn ]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-
Øn-sb-∂m-tcm-]n®v Abmsf ae-
bn-Sp -°nse B sdbn¬ tdmUv
]me-Øn¬ sh®v Xq°n-te-‰p-∂-Xn-
\p≈ Hcp-°-߃ Im´n-s°m≠mWv
IY XpS-ßp-∂-Xv.
Ia-c-ln-X-amb IY ]d-®n¬
ssienbpw sR´n-∏n-°p∂ IYm-
¥y-hpw˛ Cu sNdp-I-Ysb hfsc
hyXy-kvX-am-°n-bn-cp-∂p. AXn ]i-
kvX-amb Cu IY 1891¬ ]pd-Øn-
d-ßnb "]´m-f-°m-cp-tSbpw knhn-en-
b≥amcp-tSbpw IY-Iƒ'˛ F∂
IYm-k-am-lm-c-Øn-emWv Dƒs∏-Sp-
Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
Cu IYsb Ah-ew-_n®v \nc-
h[n kn\n-a-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´n-cp-
∂p. Ah-bn¬ BZy-tØXv 1929¬
hnP-b-Ip-am¿ ªmØq¿
B≥ HIz-d≥kv A‰v
Huƒ Io°v _nUvPv
ac-W-Øn\p ap∂n¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-´p-h-
cp∂ Hcmƒ°v X\n°v Np‰p-ap≈ ]IrXn
]g-b-Xnepw FXtbm kpµ-chpw kPo-h-hp-
am-bmWv A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-I. ªm°v & ssh‰n-
em-bn´p IqSn ]Ir-Xn-bnse ]Im-i-Øns‚
A`ua kv]¿i-߃ Iyma-d-bn-eqsS \sΩ
A\p-`-hn-∏n-°p-∂p≠v Cu kn\na.
imkvX-tI-cfw28
]pdØp h∂ "Nmc≥' F∂ \n»_vZ
kn\n-a-bm-Wv.
F∂m¬ 1962¬ tdm_¿´ v
F≥dnt°m (Robert Enrico) F∂
kwhn-[m-b-I≥ Xnc-°-Y-sb-gpXn Hcp-
°nb "B≥ HIz -d≥kv A‰v
HuƒIo°v _nUvPv'F∂ eLp
NnXw (La Riviera du HibouF∂mWv ^©v t]cv). aqe-I-Y-tb-
°mfpw FXtbm Db¿∂ Hcp Iem-
in-ev]-am-bmWv sIm≠m-S-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
'The twilight Zone' ]c-º-c -bn -
epƒs∏-SpØn Ata-cn-°≥ sSen-hn-j-
\n-emWv CXv kwt]-jWw sNø-s∏-
´-Xv. kn\n-a-bn¬ IYm-]m-X-Øns‚
t]cn-t\m, sNbvX Ip‰-Ønt\m H∂pw
kwhn-[m-b-I≥ ]k‡n sImSp-°p-
∂n√. h[-in£ hn[n-°-s∏´ Hcp a\p-
jy≥ amX-amWv CXnse IYm-]m-Xw.
"kw`m-j-W-߃' sIm≠v hni-Z-am-
t°≠ Hcp "IY'bpw kn\n-a-bn-en-√.
aqSn -s°-´nb Hcp ]`m-X-Øn-
emWv HuƒIo°v ]me-Øn\p apI-
fn¬ in£ \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈
Hcp°w \S-°p-∂-Xv. ]me-Ønse
…n∏-dp-Iƒ°v kam-¥-c-ambn ]pd-
tØ°v \o´n-bn-cn-°p∂ ]e-I-bpsS
πm‰vt^m-an -em-Wn-t∏mƒ Abmsf
\n¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ssIIƒ sI´n-
bn-cn°p∂p.. Igp-Øn¬ Ib¿ Ipcp-°p-
∂p.. in£ \S-∏n-em-t°≠ Bcm-®m-
cpsS Im¬ ]e-I-bn¬ \n∂pw amdn-
bm¬ Abmƒ Xmtgm´p hogpw... Bcm-
®m-cpsS _q´p-I-fpsS CØncn A\-
°-߃ t]mepw Db¿Øp∂Xv `oXn-
bpsS Rc-°-ß-fmWv... in£- \-S-∏n-
em-°p-∂p.
Igp-Øn¬ IpSp -°nb Ib-dp -
ambn Abmƒ ]me-Øn¬ \n∂pw
Xmtg°v hogp-∂p... Fß-s\tbm
Ib¿ apdn™v Abmƒ ]me-Øn-\-Sn-
bn-eqsS Hgp-Ip∂ ]pg-bn-te-°mWv
]Xn-°p-∂-Xv.. XWp-Øp-d™ AKm-[-
X-bn¬ Poh-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]nS-®n-
emWv ]n∂o-Sv... sh≈-Øn-\-Sn-bn¬
sh®v ssIbnse sI´p-Iƒ Agn-bp-
∂p. izmkw hnßn s\©p-]n-f-cp-∂Xp
t]mse... apI-fn¬ Pe-]m-fn-I-fn-eqsS
]Imiw ImWmw.. Pohn-X-Øns‚
]Imiw Xs∂... Abmƒ apI-fn-te°v
B™p-s]m-ßm≥ ian-°p-∂p.. Pe-
∏-c-∏nseØn BZy \nizmkw! Pohn-
X-Øn-te°v Xncn-s®-Øn-b-Xns‚
BÀm-Zw.. ]s£ ]pg-bpsS Ic-bn¬
\n∂pw Xpcp-Xpcm shSn-bp-≠-Iƒ
Abmƒ°v t\sc Nodn hcp-∂p-≠v.
sh≈-Øn-eq-fn-bn-´pw, \o¥nbpw
hfsc t\csØ ia -ß-fn -eqsS
Xf¿∂v Ah-i-\m-sb-¶nepw Abmƒ
kpc-£n-X-Zq -cØv Ic-bn-e-Sn -™p.
Abmƒ°v t_m[w sXfn-bp-tºmƒ
tIƒ°p-∂Xv Np‰p-ap≈ ]Ir-Xn-bpsS
a[p-c-i-_vZ-ß-fm-Wv... Nm™n-d-ßp∂
shbn-en¬ ac-ß-fpsS \ng¬.. Xncn®p
In´nb Pohn-X-Øns‚ BÀm-Z-Øn¬
temI-Øn\v ]pXnb hnkva-b-`w-Kn-
Iƒ!
Cg™pw, \S∂pw Abmƒ
hnZqc-c-Xbnse B hoSn\p t\¿°v
\oßp-∂p...... kuay-amb Hcp Cfw
Im‰p-t]mse B hoSns‚ hcm-¥-
bn¬ Hcp bph-Xn ˛ Abm-fpsS `mcy˛
BÀm-Z-Øns‚ D∑m-Z-th-K-tØmsS
Abmƒ Ahƒ°-cn-In-te°v IpXn-
°p-I-bm-Wv. \o´n-]n-Sn® ssII-fp-ambn
Ahƒ Abmƒ°-cn-In-te°v HmSn hcp-
∂p. . . Ah¿ XΩn¬ kv]¿in -
°p∂Xn\v sXm´p-ap≥]p≈ \nanjw...Bwt_mkv _nb¿kv
am¿®v 2008 29
Igp-Øn¬ Ib¿ apdp-Ip-∂p.....
HuƒIo°v ]me-Øns‚ X≠n¬
RmWp InS-∂m-Sp∂ Abm-fpsS icocw!
Igp-Øn¬ Ib¿ apdp-Ip-∂-Xn\p
apºp≈ Hcp \nan-j-Øn¬ Abm-
fpsS a\- neqsS an∂n-t∏mb ]Xym-
i-bpsS Zriy-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p \mw I≠-
h-sbm-s°-bpw˛ Hcp km≤y-X-bp-an-
√mØ hn[w ]´m-f-°m-cm¬ hf-b-
s∏´ B ÿeØv \n∂v c£-s∏-Sm-
\m-tb°pw F∂ ]Xymi Abm-fn¬
_m°n-bp -≠m-bn -cp -∂p. Pohn -Xm-
k‡n ac-W-Øn\p ap∂n¬ IqSp-X¬
Xoh-am-bn-cn°pw!
®-h-bmWv kn\n-a-bpsS ap°m¬ mKw
kw`-h-߃.
ac-W-Øn\p ap∂n¬ \n∂v c£-
s∏-´p-h-cp∂ Hcmƒ°v X\n°v Np‰p-
ap≈ ]IrXn ]g-b-Xnepw FXtbm
kpµ-chpw kPo-h-hp-am-bmWv A\p-`-
h-s∏-Sp-I. ªm°v & ssh‰n-em-bn´p
IqSn ]Ir-Xn-bnse ]Im-i-Øns‚
A`ua kv]¿i-߃ Iyma-d-bn-eqsS
\sΩ A\p-` -hn -∏n -°p-∂p≠v Cu
kn\na.
tdm_¿´v F≥dnt°m
bYm¿∞ Imehpw k¶-ev]-\-ß-
fpsS Ime-ssZ¿Lyhpw ka-b-L-S-\-
bn¬ hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. Hcp \nanjw
sIm≠v Abm-fpsS a\- n¬ kw`-hn-
tZim-¥c Pe tiJ-c-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Ccp-∂q-tdmfw A¥¿t±iob
DS-º-Sn-Iƒ Ign™ A¿≤ iX-I-Øn¬ H∏p hbv°-s∏- n- p-≠v.
Ac-a-Wn-°q¿ amXw ssZ¿Ly-
ap≈ Cu kn\n-a˛ "kn\n-a-bpsS N´-
°q-Sp-Isf' s]mfn-s®-gp-Xp-∂-Xn-\p≈
hgn-sbm-cp°w \S-Øn-b-h-bn¬ ][m-
\-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv.
tdmP¿ PmIz‰v F∂ \S-\mWv
CXnse ][m-\-thjw sNbvXn-cn-°p-
∂-Xv.
1962se "Im≥ ^nenw s^Ãn-h-
en' ¬ 'Palme D'or ' ]pc-kvImcw t\Sn-
bXp IqSmsX 1964 se G‰hpw \√
eLp-Nn - X -Øn -\p≈ A°m-Uan
Ahm¿Upw Cu kn\na t\Sn. !
imkvX-tI-cfw30
hoUntbm t^m¿am-‰p-I-fnse
G‰hpw ]pXnb kmt¶-XnI hnZy-
bmWv ssl sU -\n-j≥. \mw km[m-
cW ImWp∂ hoUntbm knUn-Iƒ
F√mw (SD) Ãm≥tU¿Uv sU^-\n-
j-\n-ep-≈-Xv. AXp-t]mse km[m-cW
Sn. -hn . sk‰p -Ifpw Ãm≥tU¿Uv
sU^-\n-j-\n-emWv ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-
Xv. AXm-bXv Hcp hoUntbm NnXw
GXm≠v 525 hcn-I-fn-embn `mKn-°p-
Ibpw Hcp Ce-IvtSm¨ _ow Cu hcn-
I-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-
tºm-gmWv Hcp hoUntbm NnXw
\n¿Ωn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Aßs\ Hcp
sk°‚n¬ 24 hoUntbm NnX-߃
Hcp Snhn-bn¬ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.
CXmWv Ãm≥tU¿Uv sU^-\n-j≥
AYhm SD.
Hcp hoUntbm NnXw \n¿Ωn-
°p∂ ]In-b-bmWv kvIm\nw-Mv. CXv
c≠p Xc -ap -≠v . t]mKkohv
kvIm\nwMv C‚¿tekvUv kvIm\nw-
Mpw. H∂mw hcn-bn¬ XpSßn 525˛mw
hcn hsc XpS¿®-bmbn kvIm≥
sNøp∂ ]In-b-bmWv t]mK-kohv
kvIm\nwMv. F∂m¬ 1,4,5... Cßs\
BZyw kvIm≥ sNøp-Ibpw XpS¿∂v
2,4,6 F∂n-ßs\ kvIm≥ sNøp-Ibpw
sNøp∂ ]In-b-bmWv C‚¿tekvUv
kvIm\nwMv. c≠p coXnbpw C∂v
]Nm-c-Øn-ep-≠v.
ssl sU^-\n -j -\n¬ Hcp
hoUntbm Zriy-Øns\ 1125 hcn-I-
fmbn `mKn-°p-∂p. Cßs\ sNøp-
tºmƒ hcn-I-fpsS hoXn Ipd-hm-bn-cn-
°pw. AX-\p-k-cn®v Zriy-Øns‚
IrXy-Xbpw hy‡-Xbpw IqSp-∂p.
Ch-bnse F√m hcn-Ifpw \ap°v
ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂-h-b-√. F∂m¬ B
hnhcw HDbn¬ Dƒs]-´n -cn -°pw.
henb kvIo\p-I-fn-te°v s]mPIvSp
sNø-s∏-Sp -tºmƒ NnX -Øns‚
hy‡X ImØp-kq -£n -°m≥
HDD]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xp-aqew Ign-bp-∂p.
HDD]tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ Hcp Zriy-
Øns‚ Um‰ SDsb At]-£n®v
hfsc IqSp-X-em-Wv. CXv Hmtcm hcn-
bp-tSbpw If¿ hnhcw FX-tØmfw
IqSp-X¬ kq£n-°p∂p F∂-X-\p-k-
cn®v ho≠pw IqSn-bn-cn-°pw. (1125 hcn-
Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v hoUntbm Zriyw
\n¿Ωn-°p∂ sSen-hn-j-\p-I-fmWv
HDTVIƒ. IqSmsX tUmƒ_n UnPn-
‰¬ kdu-≠v ku≠v (Dolby DigitalSuround Sound) t^m¿am-‰mb AC-
3bpw CXns‚ IqsS Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-
cn°pw. CXp aqew \√ hy‡-X-bp≈
i_vZhpw Zriyhpw HDTVIƒ e`y-am-
°p-∂p. F∂m¬ CXn\v HDt^m¿am‰n-
ep≈ kwt]-j-Whpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.
km[m -c -W-bmbn HD D]-
tbmKn°p∂ t^m¿am-‰p-I-fmWv
720 P= 1280 x720 ]nIvk¬ (t]m-
K-kohv kvIm\nw-Mv),
1080i =1920 x1080 ]nIvk¬
(C‚¿tekvUv kvIm\nw-Mv),
1080 P =1920 x1080 ]nIvk¬
(t]m-K-kohv kvIm\nw-Mv) F∂nh.
Hcp NnXsØ GI-tZiw 1280 x720 IpØp-I-fmbn `mKn-°p-Ibpw
Hmtcm IpØp-I-tfbpw th¿Xn-cn®v
Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp∂ coXn-bn¬ Um‰
kq£n-°p-IbpamWv 720 P ¬ sNøp-
∂-Xv. t]mK-kohv kvIm\nwMv aqew
IqSp-X¬ hy‡-X-bp≈ NnXw e`n-°p-
sa-¶nepw kwt]-j-W-Øn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-
°p∂ Um‰-bp -tSbpw _m≥Uvhn -
UvØn-t‚bpw Af-hn¬ KWy-amb
HD
ssl sU -\n-j≥HDHD
cRvPn-Xv F-kv Xpd-hq¿
am¿®v 2008 31
h¿≤-\-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.
BZysØ HDTVkwt]-jWw
\S-Øn -bXv t\m¿Øv Itcm -en -
\bnep≈ WRAL-HD¬ \n∂m-Wv.
Ata-cn-°-bn-ep≈ F√m TV \ne-b-
ßfpw kao-]-`m-hn-bn¬ HDbnte°v
am‰m-\p≈ iaw XpSßn°gn-™p.
kwt]-j-W-Øn-\mbn kwt]-j-W-
\n-e-b-ß-fnepw kzoI-c-Wn-I-fnepw
]tXyIw D]-I-c-W-߃ LSn-∏n-t°-
≠-Xp -≠v . IqSmsX IqSp -X¬
_m≥UvhnUvØpw e`y-am -°-Ww.
F∂m¬ e`y-am -°p∂ i_vZ-Øn-
t‚bpw NnX-Øn-t‚bpw hy‡X ]cn-
K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ CXn\v IqSnb Bh-
iy-I-X-bmWv D≈-Xv.
HDt^m¿am‰ v hoUn -tbm -Iƒ
kq£n-°m-\mWv ][m-\-ambpw HD/
DVDIƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. ( CXv
Htc -k-abw DVDBbpw HD
DiskBbpw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ign-bpw.)
Hcp DVD D]-tbm-Kn®v GXm≠v 4 aWn-
°q¿ SD(Ãm≥tU¿Uv sU^-\n-j≥)
hoUntbm kq£n-°m≥ km[n-°pw.
F∂m¬ HD-DVD bn¬ 48 aWn-°q¿
SDhoUntbm kq£n-°mw. AXm-bXv
HD-DVDbn¬ IqSp-X¬ Um‰ kq£n-
° m - s a - ∂ ¿ ∞ w .
DVDbn¬ Hcp HD]mfn
IqSn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bm-
WnXv km[n-°p-∂-Xv. HD
]mfnbnse Sm°p-I-
fpsS hoXn Ipd-hm-bn-cn-
°pw. AXp-sIm≠v IqSp-
X¬ Sm°p-Iƒ Dƒs∏-
Sp -Øm≥ Ign -bpw.
HD]mfn -bnse Um‰
doUp sNøm≥ 405 \mt\m-ao-‰¿ \oe
tek-dp-I-fmWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.
F∂m¬ DVD]mfn doUp sNøm≥ 650
\mt\m-ao-‰¿ Nph∏v tek-dp-I-fmWv D]-
tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. DVDbn¬ hoUntbm
kq£n-°p-∂Xv MPEG-2t^m¿am‰pI-
fn-emWv. F∂m¬ 4D, MPEG-4 t^m¿am-
‰p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Um-‰-
bpsS hen∏w Iq´m-sX -Iq-Sp-X¬ hnh-
c -߃ kq£n -°m≥ Ign -bp -∂p.
IqSmsX HD-DVDIfn¬ HDMI (HighDefinition Multimedia Interface) D]-tbm-Kn-
°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Izmfn‰n Ipd-bm-\p≈
km≤y-Xbpw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. HD-DVD
sπb-dp-Iƒ°v Htc kabw HDUnkvIp-
I-tfbpw DVDItfbpw doUp sNøm≥
km[n-°pw. amX-a√ DVDhoUn-tbmsb
HD bnte°v am‰n hy‡X KWy-amb
tXmXn¬ h¿≤n-∏n-°m\pw Chbv°v
Ign-bpw.
km[m-cW DVDbpsS Um‰ kw -c-
W-tijn 4.7GB BWv. c≠p- ]m-fn-Iƒ
D]-tbm -Kn -°p -tºmƒ GI-tZiw
8.4GBUm‰ kq£n-°m≥ Ignbpw.
AtX kabw HD-DVDbpsS Um‰ -I-
∏m-kn‰n 15GB bmWv. CXv GI-tZiw
4 aWn-°q¿ HDhoUn-tbm°v Xpey-am-
Wv.c≠p -]m-fn-I-fp≈ HDbn¬ 30GB
AXm-bXv 8a-Wn-°q¿ HDhoUntbm
kq£n°mw.
HD bYm¿∞-Øn¬ \mw I≠p-h-
∂n-cp∂ hoUntbm t^m¿am-‰p-I-sf-
°mƒ hy‡-Xbpw IrXy -Xbpw
\¬Ip∂ \msf-bpsS ASn-ÿm\
t^m¿am -‰m -Wv . hfsc henb
kvIo\pIfnte-°p≈ ]Z¿i-\-߃
hy‡X Ipd -bmsX ssIImcyw
sNøm-\mbn HD Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ D]-
tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp∂p.
IqSp-X¬ Um‰ kw`-c-W-ti-jn-
bp≈ UnkvIp-I-fpsS I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-
tØmsS HDhoUntbm kq£n -
°m\pw ssIImcyw sNøm\pw Ffp-
∏-am-Ipw. UnPn-‰¬ kn\n-a-bpsS am[y-
a-ambn HD amdn-°-gn-™p. kn\n-a-bn¬
B[p-\n-I-co-Xn-bn-ep≈ FUn-‰nwKv
kt¶-X-߃ \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp-∂-Xn¬
HD°v hfsc ][m-\-s∏´ ]¶p-≠v.
AXn-i-‡-amb hoUntbm kwhn-[m-
\-ßfpw \S-∏n¬ hcp-∂-tXmsS HD
\msf -bpsS hoUn -tbm, kn\na
t^m¿am-‰mbn amdp-sa-∂-Xn\v kwi-b-
an-√.
Pe hnX-c-W-Ønepw ipNn-Xz-Ønepw apS-°p∂ Hmtcm cq]bpw
GXv ]tZ-iØv F∂-Xn-\-\p-k-cn®v 34 aS-ßp-hsc
kmº-ØnI ew \¬Ipw.
!
imkvX-tI-cfw32
1956 apX¬ 1996 hsc C¥y-bn¬
GI-tZiw 60-Hmfw XhW U¶n-∏\n
s]m´n-∏p-d-s∏´ Ahÿ D≠m-bn- p-≠v.
1963¬ BZy-ambn U¶n-∏\n dnt∏m¿´v
sNbvXXv (C-¥ybn¬) I¬-°-Ø-
bn¬ BWv. s]s´ -∂p -≠m -Ip∂
s]mXp-P-\m-tcm-Ky-]iv\w F∂-Xn-
\m¬ Cu tcmKw \nb-¥n-t°-≠Xpw
XS-tb-≠Xpw hfsc ][m-\-am-Wv.
B¿t_m sshdkv hn`m -K -Øn¬
(^vfmhn sshd-kv) 1,2,3,4 F∂o Xc-
Øn¬ s] -h-bmWv tcmK-tl-Xp.-C-¥y-
bn¬ Cu tcmKm-Wp-hns\ ]cØp-∂Xv
CuUnkv CuPn]vXn hn`m -K -
Øn¬s∏´ sImXp-Ip-I-fm-Wv. Cu
tcmK-Øns‚ C≥Ip-t_-j≥ ]ocn-
bUv 5 apX¬ 6 hb v hsc-bm-Wv.
Nne-t∏mƒ 3 apX¬ 10Znhkw hsc
\ofmw. ]I¬ ka-b-ØmWv sImXpIv
a\p-jysc ISn-°p-∂-sX∂pw km[m-cW
Dujvam-hn¬ Cu sImXp-In\v aq∂v
BgvN-hsc AXn-Po-hn-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa-
∂Xpw ][m\w Xs∂.
Cu sImXpIv ]c-am-h[n 400-ao-
‰¿hsc amXsa ]d°q F∂-Xn¬
AXn-i-tbm‡n C√. ]t£ Zqc-ÿ-e-
ß-fn-te°v a\p-jy-cp-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂
hml-\-߃ hgn ]I-cmw. a¨kq¨
Ign-™m-emWv U¶n-∏\n IqSp-X¬
]I-cm≥ km[yX F∂-Xn -\m¬
sImXpIv \n¿Ωm¿÷-\-Im-cy-Øn¬
AXoh PmKX thWw. 3 Xc-Øn¬
tcmKw ]Xy-£-s∏-Smw.
1 . ]\nbpw ico -c -th -Z -\ -bp -ambn
]Xy -£-s∏-Sp∂ km[m -cW
U¶n-∏\n (DF)
2. c‡-kmh Imc-W-am-hp∂ sU¶p
sla-td-PnIv ^oh¿
3. c‡-k-Ω¿±hpw \mUn-an-Sn∏pw XI-
cm-dn-em-°p∂ tcmKw AYhm U¶p
tjm°v kn≥Uw(Dengue ShockSyndrome)
U¶n-∏-\n°v ]tXyI acp-∂n-√.
U¶n-∏-\n°v Imc-W-amb sImXpIp-I-
ƒ s]‰p-s]-cp-Ip∂ ÿe-߃: sh≈w
sI´n-°n-S-°p∂ CS-߃, ]mX-߃,
_°-‰p -Iƒ, -Ip -∏n -Iƒ, Sb-dp -Iƒ,
ta¬°q-c-bnse Hmhp-Iƒ,-sh-≈-°p-gn-
Iƒ,-hr-£-ß-fnse Zzmc-߃ F∂n-h-
bmWv. Cu sImXp-Ip-Iƒ°v BZysØ
8 Znhkw hsc sh≈w Bh-iy-ap-≈-
Xn-\m¬ BgvN-bn-sem-cn-°¬ CØcw
U¶n∏\n
tUm.]n tkm-a-kp-µ-c≥
\nb-¥Ww ][m\w
am¿®v 2008 33
]mX-ßfpw a‰pw iq\y-am-°p-∂Xv U¶n-
∏\n XS-bp-∂-Xn\v hfsc KpW-I-c-am-
Wv. ]t£ BtKm-f-Xm-]-\-Øn-t‚bpw
(Global warming) πmÃnIv amen-\y-ß-
fp-tSbpw sISp-Xn-Iƒ \nanØw C¥y-
bn¬ U¶n -∏\n t]mep≈ tcmK-
߃s°Xnsc AXoh PmKX thWw.
tcmKw _m[n® sImXp-Ip-I-fn¬
1. sNSn-Iƒ sh°p∂ ]qs®- n-Iƒ
sh≈w sI´n \n¬ °msX
t\m°pI.
tcmKmWp sImXp -Ins‚ Pohn -
Xm¥ywhsc-bp-≠mIpw. km[m-cW
Dujvam-hn¬ s]¨sIm-Xp-In\v 3
BgvN hsc \ne-\n¬°mw. ho´nepw
Np‰p-h-´Øpw sImXp-Ins‚ em¿h-Iƒ
FX-bp-s≠-∂v \n¿Æ-bn®v _nt´m
(C≥sUIvkv ]Im-cw) tcmK-\n-b-
¥W Imcy-Øn¬ AXoh PmKX
]Xn-tcm-[-am¿§-߃
2. ho´n-\-IØpw Ip∏n-I-fnepw `c-
Wn -I -fnepw sh≈w \nd®v
sNSn-Iƒ sh°p-∂-h¿ BgvN-
tXmdpw sh≈w am‰p-I.
3. D]-tbm-Kn-°mØ t¢mk-‰p-I-
fn¬ BgvN-tXmdpw sh≈w
^vfjv sNøp-I.
4. BgvN-bn -sem-cn -°¬ hoSpw
ÿm]-\hpw \S∂p t\m°n
Fßpw sh≈w sI´n \n¬°p-
∂n-s√∂pw sImXp-In\v ap -bn v
s]cp-Im≥ kuIcyw e`n-°n-
s√∂pw Dd∏p hcp-Øp-I.
5. sh≈-°p -gn -I -fn¬ BgvN -
tXmdpw Ipd®v asÆ-Æ-tbm,
Uoktem Hgn®v sImXp-Ins‚
em¿h-Isf \in-∏n-°p-I.
6. sh≈w tiJ-cn®v hbv°p∂
]mX-ß-ƒ, UΩp-Iƒ, Sm¶p-Iƒ
F∂nh aqSn-sh®v sImXp-Ip-
Iƒ ap´-bn-Sp-∂Xv XS-bpI
7. I°qkv Sm¶n-t‚bpw a‰pw …m_p-
I-fn¬ hnS-hp-s≠¶n¬ hn≈-ep-
Ifpw Zzmc-ßfpw kna‚n-´-S-bv°p-
I. sk]v‰nIv Sm¶p-I-fpsS sh‚n-
te -‰nßv Ipg -ep -I -fn¬
ss\tem¨ he-Iƒ sI´p-I.
8. Nnc-´-Iƒ, ]mX-߃ Sn∂p-Iƒ
πmÃnIv Ih-dp-Iƒ, Sb-dp-Iƒ,
apX-em-bh ]cn-k-cØv Ae-k-
ambn CS-cp-Xv. Ah-bn¬ sh≈w
sI´n-\n∂v sImXpIv ap´-bn´v
s]cp-Ipw.
9. sh≈-Øn¬ IqØm-Sn -Isf
\in-∏n-°p∂ Km_p-kn-b,-K∏nXpS-ßnb a’y-ßsf hf¿Øp-I.
10. ASp-°-f-bn¬ \n∂pw Ipfn-ap-dn-
bn¬ \n∂pw a‰pw ]pd-tØ-s°m-
gp-Ip∂ Agp-°p-sh≈w K≈n
tS∏v sh®v thÃv hm´¿]n‰v
sI´n AXn-te°v hnSp-I.
11. amen\y kwkvI-c-W-Øn\v icn-
bmb coXn -Iƒ Ah-ew -_n -
°pI;πmÃnIv hkvXp-°ƒ hen-
s®-dn-b-cp-Xv.
][m-\-am -Wv. U¶n-∏\n XS-bm≥
]tXyI hmIvkn-\p -Iƒ e`y-a -√.
CuUnkv CuPn]vXn sImXp-Ip-I-fpsS
\nb-¥-W-am-Wv ][m-\w. Nn°p≥
Kp\n-b, ae-º-\n,-a-¥v, P∏m≥ Pzcw
F∂n-h-bmWv a‰v sImXp-Ip -P-\y
-tcm-K-߃.
imkvX-tI-cfw34
_ln-cm -Im -i -Øn¬ \n∂pw
`uam-¥-co-£-Øn-te°v hcp-∂Xpw
Asbm-Wo-I-c-W-£-a-X-bp-≈-Xp-amb
]k-c-W-amWv tImkvanIv civan-Iƒ.
civan-I-fpsS ]Ÿm-hn-ep≈ IWn-I-
Iƒ°v sshZypXn Nm¿÷v \¬Im-
\p≈ Ah-bpsS Ign -hn -s\-bmWv
Asbm -Wo -I -c -W -£-a -X -sIm≠v
A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. hnIvS¿ ^m≥knkv
sl v F∂ imkvX-⁄-\mWv Cu
civan-Isf BZy-ambn Is≠-Øn-b-Xv.
BkvSn -b -bnse ssÃdnb
(Styria) F∂ Dƒ\m-S≥ ]tZ-isØ
Hcp Imkn-en¬ Bbn-cp∂p (tIm-´-tbm-
Sp-Iq-Snb sIm´m-cw) sl v P\n-®-Xv.
1883¬. ]nXmhv B Imkn-ens‚ DS-a-
bmb ]`p-hns‚ apJy -h-\-]m-e-I-\m-
bn-cp∂p.
hnIvS-dns‚ kvIqƒ, tImtfPv ]T-
\-߃ kao] \K-c-amb Kmkn-em-bn-
cp-∂p. Ahn-SpsØ k¿∆-I-em-im-e-
bn¬ \n∂pw 1906¬ Du¿P-X-¥-Øn¬
]n.-F-®v.-Un. FSp-Øp. ]Im-i-]-T\
(Optics)Ønem -bn -cp∂p At∏mƒ
Xmev]-cyw. Kmkv k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bn¬
AXn-\p≈ kuI-cy-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-
sIm≠v At±lw hnb-∂-bn¬ t]mbn
s]m^-k¿ ^m≥kv FIvk-\-dpsS
Iogn¬ A≤y-b\w XpS¿∂p.
tdUn-tb-j≥ ]T-\-߃°v hgn-
Xp-d∂ hnip-X-cmb imkvX-RvP--cn¬
Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p s]m^. FIvk-\¿. Kpcp-
hn¬ \n∂pw tdUntbm BIvSn-hn-‰nsb
kw_-‘n -®p≈ AZ-ay -Pn -⁄mk
injy-\n-te°p ]I¿∂p. A¥-co-£-
ssh-ZypXn (atmospheric electricity)
hnIvS¿ ^m≥knkv sl vPohn-X-I-Y-IƒPohn-X-I-Y-IƒPohn-X-I-Y-IƒPohn-X-I-Y-IƒPohn-X-I-Y-Iƒ
]n.-tKm-]m-e-Ir-jvW≥
tImkvanIv civan-Iƒ
Is≠-Ønb imkvX-⁄≥
(1883- 1964)hnIvS¿ ^m≥knkv sl v
Aßs\ sl ns‚ Kth-j-W-hn-j-
b-am-bn.
`mKy -h -im¬ B Pn⁄mk
k^-e-am-°m-\p≈ hgnbpw Xma-kn-
bmsX Xpd-∂p-In-´n. ]k-cW ]T-
\sØ Dt±-in-®p≈ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v
tdUnbw dnk¿®v F∂ ÿm]\w
1910˛¬ Bcw-`n -®p. BkvSn -b≥
A°m-Zan Hm^v kb≥k-kns‚
(Austrian Academy of Sciences)B Kth-jWtIµ-Øn¬ Kth-j-I-
\m-bn-t®¿∂ hnIvS¿ sl v ]n∂o-
Sp≈ ]Øp-h¿jw AhnsS XpS¿∂p.
AhnsS tPmen-bn¬ ]th-in®v
ASpØ h¿j-Øn-em-Wv, sl v, mhn-
bn¬ X\n°v t\m_¬ ]pc-kvImcw
t\Sn-Ø∂ Kth-jWw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-
Xv. AXv ka-Im-eo\ imkvXsØ
Ipg-°n-bn-cp∂ Hcp ]iv\-Øns‚
DØcw Is≠-Øm-\m-bn-cp-∂p. \√-Xp-
t]mse C≥kp-te‰v sNbvX Ce-
IvtSm-kvtIm-∏p-I-fpsS (ssh-Zyp-Xn-
bpsS km∂n[yw Is≠-Øm≥ D]-
tbm -Kn -°p∂ D]-I -c -W-߃)
AIsØ hmbp-t]mepw Ab-Wo-I-cn-
°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p B ]iv\w.
sshZyp -tXm¿÷-Øn¬ \n∂v
am¿®v 2008 35
kºq¿Æ-ambn c£- In-´-Ø-°-hÆw
Bh-cWw \¬I-s∏´ B kwhn-[m-\-
Øn -\p -≈n¬ Fßs\ sshZypXn
Nm¿÷v h∂p?]Y-a-ZrjvSym In´nb
DØcw qan-bnse teml-[m-Xp-°-fpsS
]k-c-W-]-h¿Ø\w aqew F∂m-bn-
cp-∂p. ]s£ Xnsbm-U¿ hpƒ^v F∂
imkvX-⁄≥ \S-Ønb Hcp ]co-
£Ww Cu \nK-a-\sØ \ntj-[n-®p.
]mco -knse 300 ao‰¿ Db-c -ap≈
Cu^¬S-h-dns‚ Xd-tbmSv tN¿∂
`mKØpw apIƒ`m-K-Øp-ap≈ Ab-Wo-
I-c-Ww At±lw Af∂p t\m°n.
I≠Xv apI-fnse Ab-Wo-I-cWw
Xmsg-bp-≈-Xnepw hfsc IqSp-X-emWv
F∂m-bn-cp -∂p. ]s£ Xnsbm-U¿
hpƒ^ns‚ ]co-£-W-߃ kzoI-cn-°-
s∏-´n-√. XpS¿∂v a‰p Nne imkvX-
⁄¿ _eq¨ D]-tbm-Kn®v hyXyÿ
D∂Xn-I-fnse A¥-co£w ]T-\-hn-t[-
b-am-°n-sb-¶nepw Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn®
D]-I-c-W-߃ Ip‰-a-‰-X√ F∂ Imc-
W-Øm¬ B ]co-£-W-^-e-ßfpw
Xnc-kvIr-X-am-bn.
hnIvS¿ sl v ap≥Ime ]co-£-
W-ßsf hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ah-
bn¬ kw`-hn® ]ni-Ip-Iƒ a\- n-em-
°n, Ah Hgn-hm-°n-sIm≠v _eq¨
]co-£-W-߃ \S-Øn. hnhn[ Db-c-
ß-fnse Xm]-\n-ebpw a¿±hpw Af-°p-
∂-Xn-\p≈ D]-I-c-W-߃ At±lw
kzbw Unssk≥ sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
Xd-\n-c-∏n¬ \n∂pw ]e-]e Db-c-ß-
fnse Ab-Wo-I-c-W-Øns‚ Af-hp-
Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp -Øp -Ibpw GXv
Db-c -Øn -emWv `qan -bn¬\n -∂p≈
tdUn-tb-j≥ C√m-Xm-Ip-∂Xv F∂p
C‘-\-Øn-\p≈ h¿≤n-®p-h-cp∂ Bhiyw ]cn-l-cn-°m-
\mbn C¥ybpw ssN\bpw ssPh C‘-\-hn-f-Iƒ°v ]mapJyw
\¬Im-\mWv Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXv Cu cmPy-ß-fnse Pe-
ti-Jcw \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-te°v \bn-°p-sa-∂mWv kqN-\. `£y
Bh-iy-߃ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ CXv hnLmXw krjvSn-°pw.
A¥m-cmjvS Pe amt\-Pvsa‚ v C≥Ãn-‰yq- ns‚ ]T-\-]-Imcw
2030-\Iw temI-Ønse FÆ-bpsS Fgp-]Xv iX-am\w Bh-iy-
ambn hcp-∂Xv C¥y-bv°pw ssN\-bv°p-am-bn-cn-°pw. Xß-fpsS
kmº-ØnI hyhÿ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn Cu cmPy-߃
Ipd™ sNe-hn¬ ssPh- C-‘-\-߃ Dev]m-Zn-
∏n-°m≥ ian-°pw. C‘-\-hn-f-Iƒ°v IqSp-X¬
Pew Bh-iy-ambn hcp-∂p. ssN\bpw C¥ybpw
AXn-`o-I-c-amb Pe-£maw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°m≥
t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. Ccp cmPy-ß-fn-ep-ambn 250 tImSn-
-°-SpØv P\-߃ hkn-°p-∂p.
ioe-¶-bn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Pe- am-t\-
Pvsa‚ v C≥Ãn-‰yq-´nse hnZ-Kv[¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv, "Ccp
cmPy-ßfpw `£y- D-ev]m-Z-\-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb Pe-
kw-`-c-W-an-√msX sRcp-ßp-∂p' F∂m-Wv. Akw-
kvIrX FÆ-bpsS hne Hcp _mc-en\v 80 tUmf-dnepw
A[n-I-ambn XpS¿∂m¬ ssPh C‘-\-߃ em`-I-c-am-
Ipw. hnd-Iv, NmWIw, Icn-ºv, [m\y-hn-f-Iƒ F∂n-h-bn¬
\n∂p-amWv Ch e`y-am-°p-∂-Xv. ssN\ tNmf-Øn¬
\n∂m-sW-¶n¬ C¥y Icn-ºn¬ \n∂mWv ssPh
C‘\w(ap-Jy-ambpw FØ-t\mƒ) D¬]m-Zn-∏n-
°p∂Xn\p≈ Bkq-X-W-߃ \S-Øn-h-cp-∂-
Xv. c≠v hnf-Ifpw Ht´sd Pew Bh-iy-am-b-
h-bm-Wv. ssPh C‘-\-hn-f-I-fpsS D¬∏m-
Z\w 2020-\Iw \men-c-´n-bm-°m-\mWv
ssN\ e£yw sh°p-∂-Xv.
ssPh C‘-\-hn-f-Iƒ
Pe-£maw krjvSn°pw
C¥y-bnepw ssN\-bnepw
hn.-sI.-P-bvtkm-a-\m-Y≥
hnI-kzc cmPy-ß-fn¬ Km¿lnI aen-\-P-e-Øns‚ 90% \p taepw hymh-km-bnI
aen\Pe-Øns‚ 70% hpw Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ ip≤o-I-c-W-Øn\pw hnt[-b-am-
ImsX D]-cn-Xe Pe-tkm-X- p-I-fn¬ Ie-cp-I-bm-Wv.
imkvX-tI-cfw36
Is≠-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXv 500
ao‰¿ Db-c-Øn-em-sW∂v ÿoco-I-cn-®p.
1911 apX¬ 13 hsc-bp-ff aq∂p
h¿j-ß-fn-embn ]¥≠v ]co-£-W-
ß-fmWv sl v \S-Øn-b-Xv. ]I¬
ka-bØv Bdpw, cmXn Ime-ß-fn¬
Bdpw F∂n-ßs\ ]T-\-߃ hn`-Pn-
°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. ]q¿W kqcy-K-l-W-k-
a-b-Øm-bn-cp∂p Ah-bn¬ Hcp ]co-£-
Ww.
`qX-e-Øn¬ \n∂pw Dbcw IqSp-
t¥mdpw A¥-co-£-ssh-ZypXn (td-Un-
tb-js‚ sXfn-hv) Ipd-bp-∂-Xn-\p-]-
Icw AXn-thKw h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xmbn
sl v I≠p. `ua-[m-Xp-°-fn¬ \n∂p-
ap≈ tdUn-tb-j-\mWv Ab-Wo-I-c-
Whpw X¬^-e-amb sshZyp-Xnbpw
krjvSn-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ qan-bn¬ \n∂pw
Dbcw IqSp∂ IW-°n\v AXp
Ipd™p Ipd™p htc-≠-Xm-W-t√m.
A™qdp ao‰-dn-\-∏pdw AXv C√m-Xm-
tI-≠-Xp-am-Wv. ]s£, ]T-\-߃
ImWn-®Xv t\sc adn-®m-bn-cp-∂p. Ipsd
Intem-ao-‰¿ Db-c-Øn¬ tdUn-tb-j≥
`qan -bpsS \nc -∏n¬ I≠-Xnepw
FXtbm aSßv Bbn h¿≤n-°p-∂p.
AXn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ kzm`m-hnI \nK-
a\w tdUn-tb-j≥ hcp-∂Xv apI-fn¬
\n∂pw, AXm-bXv _ln-cm-Im-iØp
\n∂p-amWv F∂m-bn-cp-∂p.
kqcy-K-lWw tdUn-tb-js‚
i‡nsb Xosc _m[n -°p -∂n -s√-
∂mWv I≠-Xv. CXn¬ \n∂pw tdUn-
tb-j≥ hcp-∂Xv kqcy-\n¬ \n∂√
F∂ A\p-am-\-Øn-se-Øn.
sl ns‚ kn≤m¥w ]co-£-W-
ß-fpsS ]n≥Xp-W-bp-≈Xpw bp‡n-`-
Z-hp-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw imkvX-k-
aqlw Ipsd-°m-e-tØ°v AXv Ah-
K-Wn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. H∂mw temI-
a-lm-bp≤w Ign™v Ata-cn-°-bn¬
\S∂ Kth-j-W-߃ Ahbv°v
km[q-I-cWw \¬In-°-gn -™mWv
_ln-cm-Imi ]k-c-W-ß-sf-°p-dn-
®p≈ sl ns‚ kn≤m¥w AwKo-I-
cn -°-s∏-´ -Xv . At∏mƒ sl ns‚
t]cn¬ B civan-Iƒ Adn-b-s∏- p. 1925-
emWv tdm_¿´v F. an√n-I≥ Ahsb
"tImkvanIv civan-Iƒ' F∂v ]p\¿\m-
a-I-cWw sNbvX-Xv.
1920¬ sl v amXr-hn-Zym-e-b-amb
Kmkv k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bn¬ ]co-£W
Du¿P-X-¥-Ønse Atkm-kn-tb-‰Uv
s]m^-k-dmbn tN¿∂p. B h¿jw
icXv°m-e-Øm-bn-cp∂p hnhm-lw. h[p
Hcp blq-Z-Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬ P\n® adnb
s_¿Øm hm¿W¿ _nkv\ F∂
bph-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. adnb s_¿Ø-
bpsS c≠mw hnhm-l-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.
ASpØ h¿jw Kmkv k¿∆-I-em-
im-e-bn¬\n∂pw Ah-[n -sb-SpØv
sl v Ata-cn-°-bn-te°p t]mbn.
sl ns‚ ]cn-⁄m\w D]-tbm-Kn®v
AhnsS Hcp Kth-j-W-tIµw ÿm]n-
X-am-Ip-Ibpw At±lw AXns‚ Ub-
d-IvS-dmbn Ah-tcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. c≠p-h¿j-tØmfw Ata-cn-°-
bn¬ sNe-h-gn-®-tijw sl v Km v
k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bn-te°p aS-ßn. c≠p-
h¿jw Ign™v 1925¬ At±lw
Atkm-kn-tb‰Uv s]m^-k¿ F∂
\ne-bn¬ \n∂pw s]m^-k¿ ]Z-hn-bn-
te°pw ]n∂oSv 1929¬ Du¿P-X-¥-hn-
`m -K -Øns‚ Uo≥ F∂ ÿm\-
tØ°pw Db¿Ø-s∏-´p.
GXm≠v c≠p-h¿jw Ign™v
At±lw Kmkn¬ \n∂pw
C≥kv_qIv k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bnse
]co-£-W-Du¿÷-X-¥-hn-`m-K-Ønse
s]m -k¿jn∏v kzoI-cn®v Ahn-tS°v
amdn. AhnsS ]k-c-W-sØ-°p-dn -
®p≈ ]T-\-Øn\v Hcp ÿm]\w
C≥Ãn -‰yq´ v Hm^v tdUn -tb -j≥
dok¿®v D≈-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww sl ns\
BI¿jn-®-Xv. At±lw AXns‚ Ub-
d-IvS-dmbn Ah-tcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
1931˛¬ hnIvS¿ sl v Du¿÷-
X-¥-Ønse t\mt_¬ ]pc-kvIm-c-
-Pe tkN\w aqew
an° hnf-I-fp-sSbpw DXv]m-Z\w 5 Cc- n-hsc h¿≤n-°p-∂p.
am¿®v 2008 37
Øn\p sXc-s™-Sp -°-s∏-´p . B
h¿jsØ Du¿P-X¥ ]pc-kvImcw
c≠p imkvX-⁄¿ ]¶n-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-
∂p. sl pw t]mkntSm¨ Is≠-
Ønb imkvX -⁄-\mb Imen -
t^m¿Wnb k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bnse
Imƒ kn B≥tU-gvk\pw.
sl v ho≠pw Kmkv k¿∆-I-em-
im-e-bn-te°v aS-ßn. Cu ]mhiyw
IqSp-X-embn Hcp BI¿j-W-hp-ap-≠m-
bn-cp-∂p. Du¿P-X-¥-Ønse s]m^-
k¿jn∏n\p ]pdsa nknIvkv C≥Ãn-
‰yq-´ns‚ Ub-d-IvS¿ ÿm\hpw At±-
l-Øn\p \¬I-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. ]s£
sl n\v kz¥w \mSp-ambn hnS-]-d-tb-
≠p∂ kabw BK-X-am-Ip-I-bm-bn-cp-
∂p. BkvSnb \mkn-I-fpsS A[o-\-
X-bn-e-a¿∂p. ]Xv\n blq-Z-kvXo-bmWv
F∂ apJy-Im-c-W-Øm¬ Kmkv k¿∆-
I-em-im-e-bpsS A`n-am-\-amb B
imkvX-⁄s\ tPmen-bn¬ \n∂pw
]ncn-®p-hn-´p. AXp-sIm≠pw ]oV\w
Ah-km-\n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√; \mkn-Isf
kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw AXv XpS°w
amX-am -bn -cp -∂p. B Zº-Xn -Isf
tIm¨sk≥tS-j≥ Iymºn-te°v
sIm≠p-t]m-Im-\mWv Dt±-in-®n-cn-°p-
∂Xv F∂v \mkn clkyt∏m-eo -
knse DtZym -K -ÿ\pw Ah-cpsS
kplr-Øp-amb Hcp hy‡n Ahsc
Adn -bn -®p . X°-k-a -bsØ B
ktµiw sIm≠v Ah¿°v Ab¬
cmPy-amb kzn‰-vk¿e≥Un-te°v Hfn-
®p-I-S-°m≥ km[n-®p. AhnsS \n∂v
a‰v Ht´sd bqtdm-]y≥ _p≤n-Po-hn-I-
sf -t∏mse Ahcpw Ata -cn -°≥
sFIy-\m-Sp-I-fn¬ A`-bhpw ]pXn-
sbmcp Pohn-Xhpw Is≠-Øn.
Ata -cn -°-bn¬ sl n -s\ -
t∏mse ]Xn -`m -im -en -bmb Hcp
imkvX-⁄\v kzoIm-cyX In´p-hm≥
]bm-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. t^m¿Umw
k¿∆-Iemime-bnse Hcp s]m^-k-
dmbn At±lw \nb-an-X-\m-bn.-slkv
Zº-Xn -am¿°v 1944¬ Ata-cn -°≥
]ucXzw e`n-®p.
sl pw hneyw Sn amIv\n^pw
tN¿∂v a\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw
\n¿K-an-°p∂ AXn kq£va ]k-c-W-
ßsf Is≠-Øm-\p≈ kt¶Xw
Bhn-jvI-cn-®p. AXv sshZy-im-kvX-
Øn\v e`n® Aaq-ey-amb kw`m-h-\-I-
fn-sem-∂m-Wv. tdUn-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw
a\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn\p `hn-°p∂ hnj-
_m[ Pohm-]m-b-Øn-te°v \bn-°p-∂-
Xn-\p-apºv Is≠-Øm\pw NnIn-’ ka-
b-Øn\p \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw AXv DX-In.
Ccp-]Xp h¿jsØ tkh-\-Øn-
\p-tijw t^m¿kmw k¿∆-I-em-im-e-
bn¬ \n∂pw sl v hnc-an-®p. ]s£
At±lw hni-a-Po-hn-X-Øn\p ]Icw
Ahn-sS-Øs∂ thX-\-c-lnX s]m^-
k-dm-bn, A≤ym-]\hpw Xs‚ ]nb-
s∏´ et_m-d- -dn-bn¬ ]co-£-W-ßfpw
XpS¿∂p-t]m-hp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.
adnb s_¿Ø sl v 1955¬
A¥-cn-®p. tcmK-i-ø-bn-em-bn-cp∂ adn-
bsb Ah-cpsS A¥y-Zn-h-k-ß-fn¬
ipiq-jn-®n-cp∂ Fen-k-_Øv tlmb-
¶ns\ B h¿jw sl v hnhmlw Ign-
®p.
H≥]-Xp -h¿jw -IqSn ]n∂n´ v
hnIvS¿ sl v 1964 Unkw-_-dn¬
\ncym-X-\m-bn.
sImXp-In-s\mcpHcp sIm√w temIØv ]Øp
e£-Øn-e-[nIw t]¿ ate-dnb ]nSn-
s]-´p -a -cn -°p -∂p -≠sX. ate-dnb
tcmKm-Wp-°ƒ ]c-Øp-∂Xv At\m- n-
ekv s]¨sIm-Xp-Ip-I-fm-sW∂pw
a\p-jys‚ Ic-fnepw Nph∂ c‡m-Wp-
°-fn-ep-amWv Ah s]cp-Ip-∂-sX∂pw
Adn-hp≈ Imcy-am-Wv. Gsd-°m-e-
ambn a\p-jy≥ sImXpIp \nhm-
cWØn\p ian-°p-∂p. ]s£, sImXp-
Ins‚ FÆw IqSp-∂-X-√msX Ipd-
bp∂ e£-W-an-√. sImXp-In\v Hcp
Po≥ sXdm∏n \S-Øn-bmtem F∂
Nn¥ tPm¨ tlm]vIn≥kv k¿∆-I-
em-im-e-bnse am¿-skte tP°_vkv
semtd-\bn¬ DZn-®Xv Cu kml-N-
√m-Xm-Ip∂ Hcp Po≥ Ah-bn¬ k∂n-
th-in-∏n-°pI. AXv Ffp-∏-am-Wv.
]s£ F√m sImXp-In-t\bpw ]nSn®v
Po≥ sXdm∏n \S-Øm≥ ]‰ptam?
AXns‚ Bh-iy-an√ F∂p sXfn-
™n-cn-°p-∂p. Po≥ am‰w hcp-Ønb
sImXp-Ip-I-fpsS Ip™p-߃°pw B
KpWw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw, F∂p amX-a-√,-
km-[m-cW sImXp-Ip-I-sf-°mƒ AXn-
Po-h-\-tijn Ahbv°v D≠m-bn-cn-°p-
sa∂pw ImWp-∂p.
c‡w IpSn-t®m-fq, ]s£ ate-
dnb ]c-Øt√ F∂ At]£ \h-
Pm-X-sIm-Xp-I-hwiw kzoI-cn°pw F∂
]Xo-£-bn-emWv a\p-jy≥.
Po≥ sXdm-∏n
!
cy-Øn-em-Wv. ate-dnb tcmKm-Wp-°sf
kzoI-cn-°m≥ sImXp-Ip-Iƒ°v Ign-hn-
imkvX-tI-cfw38
]n B¿ Nµ-tam-l≥
kmt¶-XnI XI-cm -dp -Iƒ ]cn -l-cn® v
kvs]bnkv j´n¬ A‰vem‚ n v s^_p-
hcnbn¬ C‚¿ t\j-\¬ kvs]bnkv tÃj-\n-
¬ t]m-bn Xncn®p h∂p. 7 t]c-S-ßp∂ _ln-
cm-Imi Kth-jI kwL-ambn-cp∂p hml-\-
Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
13 Znhkw \o≠ ZuXy-Øns‚ ][m\
e£yw ESA \n¿Ωn® sImfw-_kv et_m-d-´dn
ISS ¬ LSn-∏n-°p-Ibmbncp∂p. kwLmw-K-am-bn-
cp∂ sF-lm¿´v ZuXy-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-Øn¬-
ISS ¬ Xßp-Ibpw HIvtSm-_-¿ 12 apX¬ ISS ¬
]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ Um≥Sm\n (Dantani) `qan-bn-
te°v aS-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
CXv \mk-bpsS 12 masØ j´n¬ ZuXyhpw
I.S.S. te°p≈ 24˛masØ \n¿ΩmW ]d-°-ep-
am-bncp∂p.
1492 ¬ AXvem‚n°v IS∂v Ata-cn-°-bn¬
FØnb InÃ-^¿ sImfw-_- ns‚ Hm¿Ω-
°mWv ESA bpsS _ln-cm-Imi tamUyq-fn∂v
sImfw-_ v F∂ t]¿ \¬In-b-Xv. 2 _ney¨
US tUmf¿ sNehv hcp∂ t]SIw I.S.S. se
]h¿Ø\ hym]vXw 75 M3 h¿≤n-∏n-°pw. 7 ao.
\ofhpw 1.5 ao. hymk-hp-ap≈ sImfw_ v t]S-
I-Øn∂v 12.87 S¨ `mc-ap-≠v. 6 BgvN-bv°Iw
]q¿Æ-ambn ]h¿Ø\ k÷amIp∂ Cu t]S-
I-Øn¬ 3 Kth-j-I¿°v Xma-kn®v ]h¿Øn-
°mw. P¿Ω-\n-bn-ep≈ ESA bpsS \nb-¥W
tIµ-ج \n∂m-bn-cn°pw CXnse Kth-jW-
]-T-\-߃ \nb-¥n-°p-I. 20 KW sshZypXn th≠
t]S-I-Ønse Xm]-\ne 160 C apX¬ 270 C hsc
\nb-¥n-°mw. sImf-º v t]SIw ISS se
lm¿aWn 2 tamUyq-fn-t\m-SmWv LSn-∏n-®Xv.
aq∂v ]mh-iy-ambn \S-Ønb _ln-cm-Imi
\S-Ø-ß-fn-eqsS (Space Walk) CXv km[y-am-
°n-b-Xv. tISp-h∂ ssKtdm-kvtIm∏v am‰p-I,
ss\S-P≥ Sm¶v LSn-∏n-°p-I, sImfw_ v t]S-
I-Øn-\-v ]pdØv tkmfm¿ sSenkv-t°m∏v Dd-∏n-
°p-I, _ln-cm-Im-iØv teml-ß-ƒ°v kw`-hn-
°p∂ A]-Nbw a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ D]-I-c-W-
߃ LSn-∏n-°pI, Cßs\ Hcp-]mSv tPmen-Iƒ
sNbvX-ti-j-am-Wv s^_p-hcn 20 \v A‰vem‚n v
aS-ßnsb-Øn-bXv.
kvs]bnkv j´n¬ AXvem‚n- v.
bqtdm-]y≥ kvt]kv GP≥kn-bpsS Hmt´m-am-
‰n°v Im¿tKm hml\w ATV. am¿®v 7 \v ^©v
Kbm-\-bnse tIµ-Øn¬\n∂v Gcn-bm≥ 5
tdm°‰v D]-tbm-Kn®v hnt£-]n-°pw. 400 In.-ao.
Db-c-Øn¬ `aWw sNøp∂ I.S.S. te°v 8 S¨
D]-I-c-W-߃ FØn-°m≥ CXn\v Ignbpw.
BZysØ Automatic Transfer Vehicle ∂v
kb≥kv ^nIvj≥ Fgp-Øp-Im-c\mb Pqƒ
thWns‚ t]cmWv \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Bdv
amkw hsc I.S.S.t\mSv tN¿∂v \n¬°p∂ A T V 6
S¨ amen-\y-ß-fp-ambn aS-°-Øn¬ A¥-co-£-
Øn¬ IØn \in-
°pw. Ct∏mƒ D]-
t b m - K n - ° p ∂
djy≥ Im¿tKm
h m l - \ - a m b
t]mK n\v 2
S¨ `mc -amWv
hln-°m≥ Ign-bp-
∂-Xv.
ISSte°v ]pXnb Im¿tKm hml\w
am¿®v 2008 39
i\n-bpsS G‰hpw henb D]-
K-l-amb ssS‰m-\n¬ `qan-bn¬
D≈-Xns‚ 100 aS -ßn -e -[nIw
]IrXnhmX-Ihpw a‰p ssltUm
Im¿∫-Wp-Ifpw Ds≠∂mWv ]T-
\-߃ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ssS‰m-
\n¬ aossY≥ ZmhI cq]-Øn¬
ag-bmbn s]øp-∂Xpw XSm-I-ß-
fn¬ ZmhI aossY\pw apsº
Is≠-Øn -b n - c p∂psh¶nepw
AXns‚ H´m-sI-bp≈ Afhv
IW-°m-°p-∂Xv BZy-am-bn-´m-Wv.
hfsc XWpØv -˛1790 C Xm]-\n-e-
bn¬ ZmhI cq]-Øn¬ aossY\pw
CussX-\p-amWv \nd-™p-In-S-°p-
∂-Xv. IS¬°-c-bn¬ ImWp∂
\ΩpsS Hcp Znh-ksØ £Ww D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-hm≥
3000 en‰¿ sh≈w thWw. \ap°v IpSn-°p-hm≥ Bh-iy-am-b-Xns‚
1000 aS-ßm-Wn-Xv.
ssS‰m-\nse C‘\ tiJcwIdpØ a¨ Iq\-I-fn¬ I¬°-
cn°v kam -\ -amb tXmeo≥
(THOLIN) F∂ ]Zm¿∞-am-sW-
∂mWv Duln-°p-∂-Xv.
i\n°v Np‰pw `aW]Y-Øn¬
XpS-cp∂ Im n\n t]SIw CtX-
hsc ssS‰ms‚ 20% D]-cn-X-e-
Øns‚ ta∏v Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
ssS‰m≥ D]-K-l-Øns‚ DØc
]tZ-i-ØmWv IqSp-X¬ XSm-I-
߃ Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. `qan-
bnse ]IrXn hmXIw GXm≠v
130 _ney≥ S¨ BsW-∂mWv
IW-°p-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.
ssS‰ms‚ A¥-co£ hmX-I-ß-
fn¬ ss\S-P≥ ][m\ LS-I-am-
Wv. 5140 K.M hymk-ap≈ ssS‰m≥
hymg -Øns‚ Km\n -anUv Ign -
™m¬ kuc-bq-Y-Ønse G‰hpw
henb D]-K-l-am-Wv.
\ΩpsS kuc-bq-Y-Øn-t\mSv
hfsc kmay-ap≈ Hcp kuc-bqYw
Is≠-Øn-b-Xmbn HmIvkvt^mUv
k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse Kth-j-I¿
Adn-bn-®p. ]pXnb kuc-bq-Y-
Ønse henb c≠v Kl-߃
hmXI `oa≥amcpw hymg-Øn-
s‚bpw i\n-bp-sSbpw 80% hen-∏-
ap-≈-h-bp-am-Wv. kqcys‚ ]IpXn
amXw ]nWvU-ap≈Xpw ]Imiw
Ipd-™-Xp-amb Hcp \£-X-Øn\p
Np‰p -amWv Kl-߃ `aWw
sNøp-∂-Xv. henb c≠v Kl-ß-fp-
sSbpw ]nWvUØns‚ A\p-]mXw
3:1 F∂-Xm-Wv. CXv hymgw/i\n
A\p - ] m - X -
Øn\v Xpey-
am-Wv.
\ £ - X -
Øn¬ \n∂v
henb Kl-
Øns‚ Cc´n
Zqc-Øn-emWv
s N d n b
Klw. c≠v
K l - ß ƒ
bYm-Iaw 5 h¿j-Ønepw 14
h¿j-Ø-nep-amWv ]cn-I-
aWw sNøp-∂-Xv. (12: 30)
Cßs\ c≠v kuc-bq-Y-
߃ XΩn¬ [mcmfw kam-
]pXnb kuc-bqYw
\-X-I-fp-≠v.
CtX-hsc 250 \£-X -
߃°v Np‰pw Kl-ßsf
Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. 25 \£-X-
߃°v Np‰pw H∂n-e-[nIw
Kl-ß-sfbpw!
imkvX-tI-cfw40
Dd-°-Øn\pw DW¿®-Iƒ°pw
CS-th-f-Iƒ Npcp-ßn-®pcpßnh-∂p.
HcmgvN ho≠pw IS-∂p-t]m-bn. Hcp-\mƒ
\Nn-tI-Xp-hns‚ \n¿Øm-sX-bp≈
s]m´n-®ncn tI´p-sIm-≠mWv a[p-_me
Dd-°-ap-W¿∂-Xv. cmP-a-µncw t]mse
B¿`m-S -]q¿Æ-amb Hc-I-Ø-f-Øn-
emWv Ah-cpsS I´n-ep-Iƒ tN¿Øn-
´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. I´n-ep-Iƒ F∂v hnfn-°p-
∂-Xnepw t`Zw Ahsb ‰ot]m-bvIƒ
F∂v hnfn-°p-∂-Xmhpw \s∂∂v a[p-
_m-ebv°v tXm∂n. AXbv°v sNdp-
Xm-bn-cp∂p Ah. ]e-Xcw Syq_p-Ifpw
Xe-Io-gmbn Xq°n-bn´ acp-∂p-Ip-∏n-
Ifpw HmIvkn-P≥ knen-≠¿ Dƒs∏-tS-
bp≈ sshZy-imkvX D]-I-c-W-ßfpw
AhnsS k÷o-I-cn-®n-cp∂p. Ah-cpsS
saØ-Iƒ°n-cp-h-iØpw sIm®p Itk-
c-Iƒ ÿm\w ]nSn-®n-cp-∂p. GtXm
\nco-£-I¿ cm∏-I¬ t`Z-an -√msX
Ah¿°v Np‰pw Imh-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂p
F∂v a[p-_m-ebv°v a\- n-em-bn.
Nph-cn¬ c≠p NnX-߃ ame-Nm¿Øn
Xq°n-bn-cp-∂p. cq]-am‰w hcp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-
ºp≈ ]gb thj-Øn-ep≈ a[p-_m-
ebpw \Nn-tI-Xp-hp-am-bn-cp∂p B NnX-
ß-fn¬. a[phpw s]m´n-®n-cn-®p-t]m-bn.
Intam-W-t]m-ep≈ h¿Æ-∏-In- p≈ B
hkvX-Øn-\-IØv CØn-cn-°p-™≥
\Nn-tI-Xp-hns\- I-≠m¬ apºv I≠n-
´p≈ Bcpw Atøm-]mhw sh®v Nncn®p
Ipg-™p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xm\pw B
cq]-Øn-em-Wp-≈-sX∂pw AXmWv
\Nn-tI-Xp-hns‚ s]m´n-®n-cn°v Imc-W-
sa∂pw a[p-hn\v DSs\ a\- n-em-bn.
Ahƒ Nph-cnse NnXØnte°v angn-
]m-bn-®Xpw Nncn s]s´∂p \ne-®p.
\Nn-tIXphpw Atßm-´p -t\m-°n.
Ah\pw Nncn \ndp-Øn. \Nn s\Sp-
ho¿∏n-´p. a[p-hn\pw D≠mbn `mh-t`-
Zw. ]g-bcq]w Fs∂-¶nepw Xncn®p
In´p -I -bm -sW-¶n¬ AXp-
Xs∂bmWv kzm`m -
hnIw F∂-
h ¿ ° v
tXm∂n.
]pXnb Pohn-X-Øn-te°v ]cn-
h¿Øn-°-s∏´ Ahsc A`n -\ -µn -
°mt\m kzoI-cn -°mt\m Bcpw
FØm-ØXv Ahsc sX√v \ncm-i-s∏-
Sp-Øm-Xn-cp-∂n-√. At∂cw "Nnepw
Nnepw' Fs∂mcp hmbvØmcn Ah-
cpsS ImXn¬ apg-ßn. sX√-Ise Hcp
h´-ta-ibv°v apI-fn¬ Hcp inev]w
t]mse F.-hn.-Fkv AÆm≥ Ccn-°p-
∂Xv Ah¿ I≠p. Ahs‚ Ac-hm¬
Xmf -Øn¬ Nen -®p -sIm -≠n -cp∂p
"I¨Km -Pyp -te -j≥kv en‰n¬
tImtaUvkv' AÆm≥ Ahsc A`n-
hmZyw sNbvXp. Ah≥ `mh-t`-Z-an-
√msX ]d-™p-Xp-S-ßn.
"`qan -bn¬ aq∂mw temI-a-lm-
bp≤w \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
Rm\mWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ AXn\v
Imc-W-°m-c≥'. "]ns∂ Xm\-√msX a‰m-
sc-¶nepw hnNm-cn-®m¬ Hcp aq∂mw
temI-bp≤w D≠m-°p-hm≥ ]‰ptam?'.
\Nn -tI-Xp -hns‚ \mhn≥Xp -ºn¬
Cßs\ Hcp ]Xn-I-cWw h∂p ap´n-
sb-¶nepw Ah-\Xp \nb-¥n-®p. a[p-
hm-Is´ Pn⁄m-k-tbmsS AÆms‚
a pJ - tØ -°p - ‰ p - t\m -° n .
AÆm≥ ]d-™p-Xp-S-ßn.
Chn -sS -bp -≈ -h -sc√mw
aq∂mw temI-a-lm-bp≤w
kvIo\n¬ \nco-£n-®p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°-bm-Wv. AWp-
t_mw-_pw, sslU-P≥
t_mw_pw N°-°pcp s]m´p-
∂-Xp-t]mse s]m´n-sØ-dn-®p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]e- q-J-WvU-
ßfpw CXn-\Iw A]-Xy-£-am-bn-
°-gn -™p. B^n-°≥ ImSp -Iƒ
IØn-sb-cn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
I≠m-ar-K-ßfpw lnt∏m-Ifpw ac-W-sh-
]m-f-tØmsS tImwtKm-\-Zn -bn¬
sN∂p NmSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Zzo]p-
Iƒ ap°mepw IS-en-\-Sn -bn-em-bn.
lnam-ebw Dcp-In-sbm-en®psIm≠n-cn-
°p-∂p. DØ-c-J-WvU-߃ sh≈-Øn-
\-Sn-bn-em-Wv. ]pI-°q-Wp-Iƒ°n-S-bn-
t\mh¬-
A≤ymbw 20
amb-°m-gvN-Iƒ
H2OH2O
am¿®v 2008 41
ep≈ Nne hnS-hp-Iƒ amX-amWv `qan-
bn-te°v t\m°m-\p≈ Infn-hm-Xn-ep-
Iƒ. sshZyp-Xnbpw hm¿Øm-hn-\n-ab
_‘-ßfpw Xosc Cs√-∂p-Xs∂ ]d-
bmw. _ln-cm-Im-i-Øp-f-f -tÃ-j-\p-Iƒ
\¬Ip∂ hnh-c -߃ hni-I-e\w
sNømt\m hnX-cWw sNømt\m `qap-
JØv Hcp tIµhpw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂n-
√. IS-en-\-Sn-bn-te-bpw, `qan-°-Sn-bn-
tebpw kpc-£m-_-¶-dp-Ifpw ]h¿Ø-
\-c-ln-X-am-Wv. a\p-jy≥ F∂ P¥p-
h¿§w an°-hmdpw Hcm-gvN-sIm≠v Ip‰n-
b-‰p-t]m-Ipw. a‰v Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw hwi-
\m-i-Øns‚ h°n-em-Wv. ih-߃ Ic-
bnepw IS-enepw Ip∂p-Iq-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
t_mw_¿hn-am-\-ßfpw anssk-ep-Ifpw
Ip´n-Iƒ Fdn-™p-S® Ifn-∏m-´-߃
t]mse `qap-J-ØmsI NnX-dn-°n-S-°p-
I-bm-Wv. ]mXn-sh¥pw AwK-`w-Kw-
h∂pw \odp∂ ico-c-hp-ambn Ip™p-
ßfpw hr≤cpw kvXoIfpw \ne-hn-fn-
°p-I-bm-Wv. kvIqfp-Ifpw Bip-]-Xn-
Ifpw Nmc-°q-\-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ ]pX-
™p-In -S -°p -I -bm -Wv . a\p -jy≥
F¥n\o Bfl-\m-i-Øn-\n-S-h-cpØn
F∂v Nn¥n-°p-I-bmWv Rm≥'
"Xm¶-fmWv aq∂mw temI-bp-≤-
Øn\v Imc-W-°m-c≥ F∂m-Wt√m
Ipd®p apºv ]d-™-Xv. AÆm≥
]d™p \n¿Øn-b-t∏mƒ a[p-_m-e-
tNm-Zn-®p. "AsX Rm\m-W-Xn\v hgn
acp-∂n-´Xv' AÆm≥ Zp:JtØmsS adp-
]Sn ]d-™p. "AsX-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp∂p
k¿? \Nn-tIXp AÆm-s\-I-fn-bm-°m-
s\∂ t]mse tNmZn®p. F∂m¬ \Nn-
tIXp Xs∂ _lp-am-\]q¿∆w k¿
F∂v hnfn-®-Xn¬ kt¥mjw ]I-Sn-
∏n-®p-sIm≠v AÆm≥ ]d-™p-Xp-S-
ßn."\n߃°-dn-bm-a-t√m, Aa-cm-¥p-
cp-Øn-°m¿°v Aøm-bn-c-Øn-\p-ta¬
\yq¢n-b¿ t_mw_p-Ifpw AXnepw
FXtbm Cc´n BW-h-an-ssk-ep-
Ifpw Ds≠-∂v . dpkm -¥p -cp -Øp -
Im¿°pw, -No-\m-¥p-cp -Øn-°m¿°pw
AX-Xs∂ BW-hm-bp -[-ti-Jcw
ssIh-i-ap-≠v. FÆ-a‰ BW-th-Xc
Bbp-[-߃ thtd-bpw. Ch H∂msI
s]m´n-sØ-dn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ `qap-
JØv Pohs‚ \ne-\n¬∏v A]-I-S-Øn-
em-Ipw. CXv ap≥Iq-´n-I-≠mWv Rm≥
H2OF∂ H‰-bmƒ Hm∏-td-j≥ kwL-
Sn-∏n-®-Xv. AÆm≥ ho≠pw Bfl-]-iw-
k-bn -te°v IpXn -°p -I -bm -sW∂v
\Nn°v tXm∂n.H2OF∂Xv sh≈-
Øns‚ cmk-kq-X-hm-Iy-as√? a[p-
_me tNmZn®p "AsX AÆm≥ ]d-
™p.' Aa-cm -¥p -cp -Øn -°m -cpsS
I∏¬]S H∂msI ap°n°f-™m¬
Hcp -h≥ BW-hm-bp-[-ti-Jcw AtXm-
sSm∏w IS-en-\-Sn-bn-emIpw F∂v Rm≥
Icp-Xn. IS¬ Hcm-W-h-i-h-∏-d-ºm-bn-am-
dp-sa-¶nepw `qan-bnse BW-h-`oXn
sX√v Ipd-bp-sa∂v Rm≥ [cn-®p. amX-
a√ C∂sØ a´n-ep≈ i‡n-tI-µo-
I-cWw Ah-km-\n-°p-sa∂pw temI-
Øn\v H‰-t∏m-eokv F∂ Ahÿ amdp-
sa∂pw Rm≥ sX‰n-≤-cn-®p.
"Xm¶ƒ H2O Hm∏-td-j-s\-°p-dn-
®p- ]-d-™n√' a[p-_me CSbv°p
Ibdn∏d-™p. AXp Xs∂-bmWv
Rm≥ ]d-™p-h-cp-∂-Xv. " Aa-cm-¥p-cp-
Øn-°m-cpsS I∏¬∏S Nne A`ym-k-
]-I-S-\-߃°mbn \nß-fpsS ae-bm-
¥p-cpØn IS-en¬ h∂p-tN-cp-sa∂pw
At∏mƒ IS-en -\ -Sn -bnse Pew
H∂msI sshZypX hnt«-jWw hgn
HmIvkn-P\pw sslU-P\pambn-Øn-
cn®v s]s´-∂p-≠m-Ip∂ iq\y-X-bn-
te°v H∂msI ap°n-°-f-bm-sa-∂p-am-
bn -cp∂p Fs‚ πm≥' AÆm≥
XpS¿∂p. "Xm¶ƒ°v H‰bv°v CXv
sNøm≥ Ign™p F∂mtWm ]d-bp-
∂Xv?' \Nn-tIXp tNmZn-®p. "]ns∂
C√msX?' AÆms‚ Ac-hm¬ Adn-
bmsX c≠p-h´w Db¿∂-XmWv? Nnepw
Nnepw F∂ hmbvØmcn apg-ßn.
"AsX-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp∂p F hn- F-kv?'
`b-`‡n _lp-am-\-ß-tfmsS a[p-
_me tNmZn-®p. as‰mcp NcnX hnkva-
b-Øn-te°v F hn Fkv AÆm≥
Iq∏p IpØn. (X pScpw)
Kl-\ne 15 ˛3˛ 2008 8PM, Lat. 10o.301 N Long 76o.151 Eamk-hn-ti-j-߃: am¿®v 3: _p[≥ kqcy-\n¬ \n∂v 270 AI-e-Øn¬. am¿®v 7: Idp-Ø-hm-hv. am¿®v 20: ka-cm-X-
Zn-\w. am¿®v 21: shfp-Ø-hmhv. am¿®v 23: _p[≥ ipI≥ 10 AI-e-Øn¬. am¿®v 27: _p[≥ bpdm-\-kn¬
\n∂v 1.70 AI-e-Øn¬.
_p[≥ 22h.14 1.33 11 -120.531.1611 -44.620 262.190 -0.5. 1.11736 5.14 AM 4.55 PM Ipw`w cminbn¬.
ipI≥ 22h.22 1.32 11 -110.211.5311 -42.6o 264.15o -3.9 1.54537 5.21 AM 5.04 PM Ipw`w cm-in-bn¬
sNm∆ 06h.171.2311 +250.561.3411 +70.270 327.270 0.5 1.17633 12.48 PM 1.30AM anYp\w cmin-bn¬
hymgw 19h.171.5311 -22 0.101.24 11 -78.140 189.790 -2 5.52129 2.28 AM 1.52 PM [\p cmin-bn¬
i\n 10h.241.44 11 +110.551.1311 +42.09o 83.35 o -0.2 8.35611 5.07 PM 5.27 AM Nnßw cminbn¬
bpdm-\kv 23h.201.4911 -5P.001.4811 -27.33o 269.74o +5.9 21.0819 6.17 AM 6.08 PM Ipw`w cminbn¬.
s\]vSyq¨ 21h.461.3611 -140.001.5011 -52.64o 260.39o +8.0 30.87477 4.45AM 4.22PM aIcw cminbn¬.
N m ¿ ´ n ¬KlßsfkqNn∏n°p∂ ]XoIw
Klw ssd‰vAk≥j≥
sU¢nt\j≥ Bƒ n‰yqUv AknaØv Im¥nam\w `qan-bn¬\n∂vZqcw. (AU)
AkvXa\kabw cminÿm\w
Printed and Published by V.G. Gopinathan on behalf of Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad and Printed at KTC Offset Printers Calicut -673007and published at Parishad Bhavan, Chalappuram, Calicut - 673002. Editor: Prof. K. Pappootty Approved by CSIR for financial support.
DZbkabw
Ah-km\ XnøXn : am¿®v 20.
hnemkw:
t^mt´m Iznkv 85,
imkvX-tI-cfw,
Nme-∏pdw ]n. H,
tImgn-t°mSv ˛2
temI-]-i-kvX-\mb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn.
Ct±-l-sØ-∏‰n Hcp sNdnb Ipdn-s∏-gpXn
Ab-bv°pI.
t^mt´m-Iznkv- ˛ 85t^mt´m-Iznkv- ˛ 85
[ph≥
taSw
Ikn-tbm-∏nb
HmdnK
tcmlnWn
tchXn
B≥tUmanU
ao\w
A¬tKmƒ
AizXn
Sbmw-Kpew
ko‰kv
`cWn
Im¿ØnI
FShw
Xncp-hm-Xnc aIocyw
Hmdntbm¨
Iyms]√
anYp\w
Imÿ
t]mfIvkv
I¿°n-SIw
]qbw
Im\nkv ssa\¿
]pW
¿Xw andm
Fdn-Um-\kven∏kv
doK¬
Im\nkv taP¿
kndn-bkv
Nnßw
aIw
]qcw
AØw
k]vX¿jn-Iƒ
Bbneyw
DXw
I∂n
AK-kvXy≥
Nc\£Xw
Cc´\£Xw
hm¬\£Xw
£pZKlw
s\_pe:
Gs Oc Gc PINeb
.0 1 2 3 4 5
magnitude:
\£-X- \n-co-£Ww
N
WE
S
Cu amksØ BImiw 8pm, 15-3-2006