Upload
marcie
View
33
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Overseas Organizations’ Activities to Improve Seismic Performance of Masonry Houses in Developing Countries As a reference for BRI project formulation. Satoru OBA Research Institute for Urban & Environmental Development, Japan. Research Background/Purpose. General perceptions - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Overseas Organizations’ Activities to Improve Seismic Performance of Masonry Houses in Developing
CountriesAs a reference for BRI project formulation
Satoru OBAResearch Institute for Urban & Environmental Development, Japan
Research Background/PurposeGeneral perceptions
Traditional masonry houses have weaknesses in seismic resistance.
In spite of efforts to strengthen these houses, proposed techniques have not used widely.
Gathering information (through internet) on the activities of overseas organizations
concerning their achievements, encountered problem, and so on
As a reference for the formulation of BRI project
Organizations Being ResearchedI. International/Multi-National OrganizationsII. Bi-Lateral Aid AgenciesIII. Academic/Professional SocietiesIV. Universities/Research Institutes/ Information
CentersV. Others doing international activities
NGOs, Companies, Conferences, Networks
Many Organizations are acting variously.
Five Projects Being Looked into Some Detail
Ⅰ.I/MOs
Ⅱ.BAAs
Ⅲ.A/PSs
Ⅳ.Us/RIs/ICs
Ceresis/GTZ/PUCPProject
○Ceresis
○GTZ
○PUCP
IDRC/PUCPProject
○IDRC
○PUCP
IAEE/EERITutorial
○IAEE/EERI
○contributors
World Bank/METUProject
○WB
○METU
NICEE/IITKActivities
○WB
○IAEE
○NICEE/IITK
All are/include transnational activities.
Project 1:Ceresis/GTZ/PUCP Project
Targeted Buildings Adobe (existing)
Technical Solutions Reinforcing walls
• electro-welded wire mesh + cement mortal
Dissemination Methods demonstration houses manuals DVDs trainings/workshops
early-late ‘90s
Ceresis: Regional Seismology Center for South AmericaGTZ: German Agency for Technical CooperationPUCP: Pontifical Catholic University of Peru
Project 2:IDRC/PUCP Project
Targeted Buildings Adobe ( new) Quincha (new) mud +wood
Technical Solutions Reinforcing walls
• cane & wood + cement mortalDissemination Methods
demonstration houses manuals pamphlets/booklets videos trainings/workshops radio shows
middle ‘80s-late ‘90s
IDRC: International Development Research Centre (Canada)
Project 3:IAEE/EERI Tutorial (on the Web)
Targeted Buildings Adobe (new & existing) Other masonry buildings, etc.
Technical Solutions( Adobe) Reinforcing walls
• reinforcement with any ductile material
• ring beam• buttresses & pilasters, etc.
Quality Management• materials & construction
Building Form Planning• squat & single story• small windows• regular & compact plan, etc.
Dissemination Method tutorials (on the Web)
2003-ongoing
IAEE: International Association for Earthquake EngineeringEERI: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (USA)
Construction
Project 4:World Bank/METU Project
Targeted Buildings– Masonry (existing)
Technical Solutions Reinforcing walls
• scrap-tires
Dissemination Methods posters pamphlets/booklets website trainings/workshops
2004
METU: Middle East Technical University (Turkey)
Project 5:NICEE/IITK Activities
Targeted Buildings Masonry (new & existing)
Technical Solutions Reinforcing walls
• ring beam• protecting window corners, etc.• Quality Management• materials & construction
Dissemination Methods Earthquake Tips( on website; in
newspapers & journals) trainings/workshops acquiring & disseminating latest
professional information e-conference
focusing on 2001-ongoing activities
NICEE: National Information Center of Earthquake Engineering(India)IITK: Indian Institutes of Technology, Kampur
Research Findings 1Substantial Accumulation of Efforts on
Technical Development & Dissemination Various techniques have been developed. Their seismic performance has been proved. Affordability and technical simplicity have been sought.
e.g., scrap-tires = US$100, wire mesh = US$400/housing unit Various methods/tools have been used to disseminate.
methods/tools used in the five examples translation of useful foreign manuals (e.g., IIEA 1986 Manual) demonstration of improvement effect (e.g., UNCRD shake
table demo) international networks for collaboration/information sharing (World Housing Encyclopedia)However, new techniques haven’t been used as expected.
Research Findings 2 Various Challenging Obstacles to Dissemination
possible breakthrough
low-cost information provision(e.g., Web, information center)
Intnl. research networkcontinuing education
quake areas’ key stakeholders exchanging knowledge intnlly.
?
?
? (good governance & PPP)
?
?? (good governance & PPP)
obstacles
expensive information access cost unreachable of LDC professionals
shortage of researchers (worldwide) shortage of engineers learned seismic design
peoples’ lack of knowledge on earthquakeand their disregard for risk
enormous amount of informal housingpriority on not disaster mitigation but povertyissues (food, shelter, health, education)
public sector’s neglect to revise codes and to diffuse techniques
insufficient support to the poor (low cost loan )
no established method in effective diffusionprivate sector’s disregard of codes
?popular perception inhibiting improvement= traditional materials inferior to modern ones
Thank You.