Savannah CSD Manual

8/2/2019 Savannah CSD Manual

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Context Sensi t ive Design ManuChatham County-Savannah Metropoli tan Planning Commissi


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Acknowledgements

Steering Committee

Chatham County - Savannah Metropolitan Planning CommissionDennis HuttonMark Wilkes

Courtland HyserJane Love

Wykoda Wang

Georgia Department of TransportationTeresa Scott

Keith MeltonAndrew Hoenig

Butch Welch

Preserving Savannah NeighborhoodsBeth KinstlerJack KnopsArdis Wood

Savannah Tree FoundationBill SaxmanDale Thorpe

City of Savannah Park and Tree DepartmentDavid White

Chatham CountyAllan Black

Dennis Goldbaugh

SE Land Use Planning Commission

Dale Morgan

Georgia Department of Community AffairsSteve Gavigan

Savannah Development Renewal AuthorityLise Sundrla

Pedestrian Advocates of the Coastal Empire (PACE)John Bennett


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1.0 Introduction 4

2.0 Context Sensitive Solutions - State of the Practice 5

3.0 The Inter-relationship Between Transportation, Land Use & Design 9

4.0 Intent Of The Context Sensitive Design Guidelines 21

5.0 Context Types In Savannah, Chatham County 22

Landmark Historic Historic DistrictNeighborhood Historic District

Traditional NeighborhoodsVillage Center

6.0 Context Based Roadway Functional Classification 24

ArterialsMajor and Minor CollectorsMain StreetsNeighborhood and Local Roads

Bicycle and Pedestrian Trails

7.0 Design Guidelines 25

Transect vs. Functional Classification MatrixArterialsMajor CollectorsMinor Collectors / Main StreetLocal StreetGuidelines for Developing Canopy StreetsBicycle & Pedestrian Trails

8.0 The Process For Context Sensitive Solutions 51

9.0 Interim Amenity Solutions 53

Appendix

A. Roadway Design ElementsB. Guidelines For Connectivity And Built FormC. Additional Sources and Reference Material Links

Table of Contents


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The concepts of transportation, land use, and design are interrelated. Understanding this interaction is

essary to evaluate impacts and potential solutions to traffic congestion and environmental degradatiooften accompany growth. Furthermore, recognition of this interaction allows policy makers, developers

citizens to evaluate transportation investments in terms of broader community goals.

Highway systems of the past half-century were planned primarily in reaction to urban growth. Recently,become standard practice to allocate and shape growth with an understanding of the implications on and transportation infrastructure. Likewise, regional transportation plans are now being generated todirect growth to optimal target areas. This is a proactive approach to transportation and land use plaand represents the best available method of preserving Savannah and Chatham Countys rich contexthe natural environment while maintaining an efficient circulation system.

Chatham County Savannahs year 2030 Long Range Transportation Plan outlines the transportation visithe region. This context sensitive design manual suppoprts the goals and objectives of the plan and into further ideals pertaining to livable transportation.

This section provides a brief introduction to transportation terminology and concepts, and describes the relationships between transportation, land use, and design. Important definitions and concepts related subjects of transportation, land use, and design are introduced. Each concept is integral to understahow transportation, land use, and design principles interact with one another. These ideas are then apto the four major corridor types present in Chatham County. General recommendations are made regahow best to ensure optimal integration of these principles for future transportation investments, given vacontextual and design parameters.

3.0 The Inter-relationship between Transportation, Land Use and Design

Context Sensitive Design ManualSavannah / Chatham County

Transportat ion, Land Use and Design


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River Streets mixed use development (above) and City Market (left) are attractions for residents and visitors

Mixed-Use

Mixed-use areas are exactly what the name implies, areas where two or more major types of uses are in-termingled with each other. The most common mixed-use district contains both residential and commercialdevelopment, since these are generally very compatible uses. In fact, up until the onset of zoning codes in theearly twentieth century, most cities developed in this manner, as is evident in older North American cities suchas New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and New Orleans. Most small towns also developed in this manner, aslimited transportation systems dictated that commercial and residential development needed to be as closetogether as possible.

Nearly all newer cities are now actively encouraging downtown residential development to create mixed-useenvironments that are freer from crimes often associated with lack of people on the sidewalks after the close

of the business day. Today, mixed-use development is also very prevalent in smaller-scale projects such asnew town centers, which generally contain a mixture of office, retail, and residential uses. The most commonconfiguration of mixed-use buildings consists of retail on the ground floor and offices and apartments above.

The transportation benefits of this type of development are numerous and are based generally on the drasticreduction of trip distance between origins and destinations, which are mixed together rather than spread apartin separate designated districts.


Transportat ion, Land Use and Design


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Context Sensitive Design ManualChatham County-Savannah Metropol i tan Planning

RegionalVisioning

NeighborhoodCorridor

Studies

InclusiveDesignProcess

4.0 Intent of the Context Sensitive Design Guidel ines

Text


Intent of the Context Sensit ive Design Guidelines


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Functional Classificationof Streets

Context Types

Landmark HistoricDistrict

NeighborhoodHistoric District

TraditionalNeighborhoods

Village CentersSuburban

CommunitiesGated Communities Scenic Corridors

Rural orUndeveloped

Corridors

Arterial Page 26 Page 27 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Page 29 Page 30 Page 31

Major Collector Page 32 Page 33 Page 35 Page 34 Page 35 Page 35 Page 36 Page 36

Minor Collector or Main Street Page 37 Page 38 Page 38 Page 39 Page 40 Page 40 Page 41 Page 41

Local or Neighborhood Streets Page 42 Page 43 Page 43 Page 44 Page 45 Page 45 N / A N / A

Arterial

Major CollectorMinor Collector or Main StreetLocal or Neighborhood Streets

7.0 Design Guidel ines

Context vs. Functional Classification Matrix


Design Guidelines


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Lane Limits (number of throughlanes)

2

Right Turn Lane No

Median 14 Max with street trees

Lane Width (max) 11

Design Speed 30 mph

Shoulder / Curb & Gutter Curb & Gutter

Bike Lanes 5

On-street Parking 7

Sidewalks 10 min with on curbplanting; 16 max includ-ing amenity zone

Intersection Spacing (Fullintersection)

400

Trees Canopy trees

Mid-Block Crossing No

Traffic Calming Elements Optional

Block Size / Intersection 400 max block size

Building Placement Edge of ROW

Planting Strip / Amenity Zone No planting strip

10-1610-16 77 55 1111 1414 1111 55 77 10-1610-16

Context Type:

Landmark Historic Distr ic t

Functional Classification: Arter


Design Guidelines


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2

Right Turn Lane No

Median (width, raised /flushed) No

Lane Width (max) 11

Design Speed 30 mph


Bike Lanes 5

On-street Parking 7

Sidewalks 8 (15 max includingamenity zone)

Intersection Spacing (Fullintersection) 800 max (Match with ex-isting Grid)

Trees Canopy trees

Mid-Block Crossing Yes: where blocks ex-ceed 600

Traffic Calming Elements Yes

Block Size / Intersection To m atch w ith existingstreet grid



88 77 55 1111 1414 1111 55 7 7 88 VariesVaries

VariesVaries

Neighborhood StreetNeighborhood Streetas above, but without medianas above, but without median

Context Type:

Neighborhood Historic Distr ic t and Tradi t ional Neighborhoods



Design Guidelines


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2

Right Turn Lane No


Lane Width (max) 11

Design Speed 30 mph


Bike Lanes 5

On-street Parking 7


Intersection Spacing (Fullintersection) 660

Trees Street trees*

Mid-Block Crossing Yes: where blocks ex-ceed 600


Block Size / Intersection 600 max block size1200 full intersection


Planting Strip / Amenity Zone No planting strip AmenityZone

*May or may not necessarily fulfill canopy tree conditions*May or may not necessarily fulfill canopy tree conditions *Does not preclude the formation of canopies

10-1510-15 77 55 1111 1111 55 77 10-1510-15

Context Type:

Village Center



Design Guidelines

A


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4

Right Turn Lane No: Unless very heavy turningvolume

Median (width, raised /flushed) Yes: raised median/with leftturn lane flushed where appli-cable @ intersection. 14 maxi-mum

Lane Width (max) 11

Design Speed 45 mphShoulder / Curb & Gutter Curb & Gutter or shoulder

where development does notface up on the street/road

Bike Lanes 5

On-street Parking No

Sidewalks 6 (where curb & gutter condi-tion) No sidewalk in shouldercondition

Intersection Spacing (Full

intersection)

800

Trees (street trees or informalcanopy trees)

Where shoulder: informal treeplanting Where curb & gutter:street trees

Mid-Block Crossing Yes: At pedestrian and trailcrossing location

Traffic Calming Elements Vertical and horizontal deflec-tion in roadway alignment


Building PlacementPlanting Strip / Amenity Zone 4 planting strip

88 44 551111 1414 1111

55 44 881111

VariesVaries

1111

VariesVaries

Context Type:

Suburban Communit ies / Gated Communit ies



Design Guidelines

A t


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2

Right Turn Lane No: Unless very heavyturning volume

Median (width, raised /flushed) No: for 2-lane section.Yes: Grass median 14wide for 4-lane section

Lane Width (max) 12

Design Speed 50 mph

Shoulder / Curb & Gutter Shoulder 5 to 6 paved(to be used as a bikelane)

Bike Lanes 5 - 6 or paved shoulder.

On-street Parking

Sidewalks No sidewalk. Off roadtrail: min 10 wide whereappropriate


Trees Canopy trees*

Mid-Block Crossing Yes: At pedestrian andtrail crossing location

Traffic Calming Elements Vertical and horizontaldeflection in roadwayalignment

Block Size / Intersection N/A

Building Placement N/APlanting Strip / Amenity Zone N/A

*Re-establish or develop canopy tree conditions where appropriate. Developplanting patterns (formal planting or informal tree clumps as appropriate) toenhance view sheds and visibility of scenic corridors

VariesVaries 55 1212 1212 55 VariesVaries

Context Type:

Scenic Corridors



Design Guidelines

C T F ti l Cl ifi ti Arter


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4

Right Turn Lane No: Unless very heavyturning volume

Median (width, raised /flushed) No: for 2-lane section.Yes: Grass median 14wide for 4-lane section

Lane Width (max) 12Design Speed 50 mph

Shoulder / Curb & Gutter Shoulder 5 to 6 paved(to be used as a bikelane)

Bike Lanes 5 - 6 or paved shoulder.

On-street Parking

Sidewalks No sidewalk. Off roadtrail: min 10 wide whereappropriate


Trees Replace natural tree pat-terns

Mid-Block Crossing Yes: At pedestrian andtrail crossing location

Traffic Calming Elements Vertical and horizontaldeflection in roadwayalignment

Block Size / Intersection N/ABuilding Placement N/A

Planting Strip / Amenity Zone N/A

1414 12125-65-61212

121212125-65-6

Context Type:

Rural or Undeveloped Corridors



Design Guidelines

Conte t T pe: Functional Classification: Major Collec


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2

Right Turn Lane No


Lane Width (max) 10

Design Speed 30 mph


Bike Lanes 5

On-street Parking 7

Sidewalks 10 min with on curbplanting


400

Trees Canopy trees



Block Size / Intersection 400



10-1610-16 77 55 1010 1010 55 77 10-1610-16

Context Type:


Functional Classification: Major Collec


Design Guidelines

Context Type: Functional Classification: Major Collec


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2

Right Turn Lane No


Lane Width (max) 10

Design Speed 30 mph


Bike Lanes 5

On-street Parking 7



1200

Trees Canopy trees

Mid-Block Crossing Yes: where blocksexceed 600





8-158-15 77 55 1010 1010 55 77 8-158-15

Context Type:

Neighborhood Historic Distr ic t



Design Guidelines



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2

Right Turn Lane No


Lane Width (max) 10

Design Speed 30 mph


Bike Lanes 5

On-street Parking 7



1200

Trees Street trees*






*Does not preclude the formation of canopies

8-158-15 77 55 1010 1010 55 77 8-158-15

Context Type:

Village Center



Design Guidelines



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2

Right Turn Lane No


Lane Width (max) 10

Design Speed 30 mph


Bike Lanes 5

On-street Parking 7



1200

Trees Street trees*







88 77 55 1010 1414 1010 55 77 44

44

88 VariesVaries

VariesVaries

Context Type:

Tradi t ional Neighborhoods, Suburban Communit ies and Gated Communit ies



Design Guidelines


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Context Type: Functional Classification: Minor Collec


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2

Right Turn Lane No

Median (width, raised /flushed)

Lane Width (max) 10

Design Speed 25 mph


Bike Lanes 5

On-street Parking 7

Sidewalks 10 min with on curbplanting


Trees Canopy trees



Block Size / Intersection



8-158-15 77 1010 1010 77 8-158-15



Design Guidelines

Context Type: Functional Classification: Minor Collec


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2

Right Turn Lane No


Lane Width (max) 10

Design Speed 25 mph


Bike Lanes 5

On-street Parking 7

Sidewalks 8 min on curb/off curb


Trees Canopy trees

Mid-Block Crossing Yes: Where blocks ex-ceed 600




Planting Strip / Amenity Zone

8-158-15 77 55 1010 1010 55 77 8-158-15

Neighborhood Historic Distr ic t , Tradi t ional Neighborhoods


Design Guidelines

Context Type: Functional Classification: Main Str


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2

Right Turn Lane No


Lane Width (max) 10

Design Speed 25 mph


Bike Lanes 5

On-street Parking 7

Sidewalks 10 min on curb planting


400

Trees Street trees*







8-158-15 77 55 1010 1010 55 77 8-158-15

Village Center


Design Guidelines

Context Type:

S b b C i i d G d C i i

Functional Classification: Minor Collec


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2

Right Turn Lane No

Median (width, raised /flushed) Yes: raised median- flush at intersections

and driveways: 14 max4 min

Lane Width (max) 10

Design Speed 35 mph


Bike Lanes Yes: (max up to total 6)

On-street Parking Yes: (max up to total 8)

Sidewalks 6 min if off curb

Intersection Spacing (Full

intersection)

660

Trees Street trees*




Building Placement

Planting Strip / Amenity Zone 4 planting strip


1414 1010 77101077

44 66

66 44

Suburban Communit ies and Gated Communit ies


Design Guidelines

Context Type:

S i C id d R l U d l d C id

Functional Classification: Minor Collec


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2

Right Turn Lane No: Unless very heavy turningvolume

Median (width, raised /flushed) No: for 2 lane section Yes: Me-dian @ intersection 14 max


Shoulder / Curb & Gutter 5 - 6 stabilized earth shoul-ders; (not paved)

Bike Lanes Bikes within the traffic streamor parallel bike-ped trails.

On-street Parking No

Sidewalks No


N/A

Trees Canopy Trees*

Mid-Block Crossing At intersections of bike-ped trailcrossings with these roads

Traffic Calming Elements Vertical and horizontal deflec-tion in roadway alignment


Building Placement N/A

Planting Strip / Amenity Zone*Re-establish or develop canopy tree conditions where appropriate. Develop

planting patterns (formal planting or informal tree clumps as appropriate) toenhance view sheds and visibility of scenic corridors

VariesVaries 55 1010 1010 55 VariesVaries

Scenic Corridors and Rural or Undeveloped Corridors


Design Guidelines

Context Type:


Functional Classification: Neighborhood Str

or Local Str


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2

Right Turn Lane No



Shoulder / Curb & Gutter Curb and Gutter

Bike Lanes No

On-street Parking 7

Sidewalks Yes: 10 Min with on curbplanting


N/A

Trees Canopy trees






1010 77 1010

10 77 1010

Landmark Historic Distr ic t or Local Str


Design Guidelines

Context Type:

Neighborhood Historic Distr ic t and Tradi t ional Neighborhood


or Local Str


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2

Right Turn Lane No


Lane Width (max) 10

Design Speed 25 mph


Bike Lanes No

On-street Parking 7

Sidewalks 8 Min (optional on/off curbplanting


N/A

Trees Canopy trees

Mid-Block Crossing Yes: Where blocks exceed600




Planting Strip / Amenity Zone 4 Planting Strip in TraditionalNeighborhood

1010 771010778

88

Neighborhood Historic Distr ic t and Tradi t ional Neighborhood or Local Str


Design Guidelines

Context Type:

Village Center


or Local Str


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2

Right Turn Lane No


Lane Width (max) 10

Design Speed 25 mph


Bike Lanes No

On-street Parking 7

Sidewalks 10 Min with on curb planting


660

Trees Street Trees*






1010 7710107

010

1010


Village Center or Local Str


Design Guidelines

Context Type:

Suburban Community or Gated Community


or Local Str


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2

Right Turn Lane No


Lane Width (max) 10

Design Speed 25 mph


Bike Lanes No

On-street Parking 7

Sidewalks 8 with on curb planting6 with off curb planting


800

Trees Street Trees*





Planting Strip / Amenity Zone 4 Planting Strip or off curbplanting

1010 77101077

44 66

66 44


Suburban Community or Gated Community or Local Str


Design Guidelines


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Guidel ines for Developing Canopy Streets


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The right type of trees but no canopy effect because ofplacement limitations due to higher speeds.

45mph

35mph

Low design speeds andthe right tree form allow fordevelopment of tree linedcanopies over the street.Low design speeds allows

trees to be placed as closeas 18 from the the travellane.

Design speed of the street

This is perhaps one of the most critical design components. According tothe green book when the 40 mph design speed threshold is breached,automobile safety issues take precedence causing a significant shift indesign parameters. This adversely impacts the development of tree linecanopies on streets because of increased spacing between the travellane and the trees, wider spacing between trees in consideration ofsight distance. Tree lined canopy streets are best developed on streetswith design speeds of 40 mph or less.(Refer to Appendix - page A4 for table on tree spacing relationship to design speeds)


Design Guidelines

Functional Classification: Bicycle and Pedestr ian Tra


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- A grade separated crossing is re-quired at freeways.

- This may be accommodated aspart of a vehicular crossing byincorporating bicycle lanes andsidewalks or a multi-use trail ona bridge.

- Maximum ramp: 1:12A level area 5 feet long must

be provided every 30 feet. SeeADA regulations for details.

- At roadway crossings, priority should be given to the majormovement.

- For paths with daily trips exceeding 1,000 users crossing aresidential roadway, the vehicles on the roadway couldbe required to yield or stop at the trail.

In such cases, a raised pedestrian crossing should beused to draw attention to the trail crossing.

- Refer to MUTCD for details on design of traffic control de-vices.

Minimum: width of t rai lPreferred: width of t rai l + 4 f t .

Trail Crossing of Freeway

Trail Crossing of Low Volume Residential Street

Trail Crossing of High Volume Roadway

- If no traffic signal is provided, a minof 10 foot wide medians should b

vided at unsignalized crossingsmulti-lane roadway. The crossingbe angled at 45 degrees towardproach traffic.

Refer to MUTCD for details ondesign of traffic control devices.

Bikeway

Bikeway

STOP

- Where signal warrant can be met, ptrian activated signal should be ped when the pedestrian trail cra collector, arterial, or farm-to-m

Trail Crossing

RaisedPedestrianCrossing

Roadway Crossing

Source: Florida Bicycle Facilities Planning and Design Handbook

Offset Bikeways Intersection TreatmentSource: Minnesota Bikeway Design Manual


Design Guidelines



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Design Principles- Provide mobility- Serve as recreational pathways- Provide links to natural areas- Facilitate in habitat preservation- Design for specific user types

Design Elements

Required:- Trail- Buffer- Signage- Connections to public and privatecommercial uses

Recommended:- Lighting- Rest areas

- Trail head

Connections to Adjacent Uses

Trail

Tree PreservationWherever possible large established trees should be preseTo preserve a large tree located in the clear zone:

- narrow trail,- shift trail, or- locate a railing between the trail and the tree

When a trail is located in close proximity to a tree, it may beessary to provide special treatment to the subgrade to pthe root system of a tree. A clear zone may not be needhiking trails.

Trail HeadTrail Head may be incorporated into commercial centers, buildings, or parks.

Features- Parking (paved or unpaved)- Paved handicapped parking space near trail head- Bicycle parking- Trail head sign- Trash receptacles

- Information station with map- Restrooms- Chilled drinking fountains- Lighting- Air pump- Vending machine- Play equipment- Pet amenities- Picnic tables- Pavilions

Rest AreasSpace rest areas at appropriate intervals, and include:

- Bench,- Shade, and- Paved platform (3 ft wide x 8 ft long).

Weather shelters should be provide every 2 miles, and sinclude:

- 2 to 3 benches- Covered shelter,

- Paved platform (10 ft wide x 10 ft long).

Trail Users TypeTravel Speeds

(MPH)

LongitudinalSlopes

(Maximum)CrossSlopes

RecommendedMinimum

Tread Width(Two-Way Travel)

TypicalTread Width

(Two-Way Travel) Surface Type

Pedestrian trail userswalkers, hikers, joggers, run-ners, persons confined to awheelchair, bird-watchers,nature lovers, picnickers, etc.

0 to 5 mph 8% 1% preferred 8 ft. 10 ft. Concrete

Nonmotorized travelbicyclist, rollerblades, skaters,skateboarders

5 to 20 mph 8% 1 - 4% 10 ft. 14 - 16 ft. Type 3 Asphalt

Pedestrian / Nonmotorized

travel

0-20 mph 8% 1% preferred 12 ft 14 ft - 16 ft Type 3 Asphalt


Design Guidelines



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Design Principles- Provide mobility- Serve as recreational pathways- Provide links to natural areas- Facilitate in habitat preservation- Design for specific user types- Provide shade

Design Elements

Required:- Trail- Buffer- Signage

Recommended:- Rest areas- Connections to adjacent uses

- Trail head

Trail in Exclusive ROW

Multi-Use Trail in Road ROW - Pedestrian and Nonmotorized Trail

Varies15' Min. buffer/

25'-100' buffer forenvironmentally sensitive area

20' Min.3'-5'ClearZone

3'-5'ClearZone

Trail(see table

below)

10' Min.See Farm-to-Market corridor for details.

Trail Users TypeTravel Speeds

(MPH)

LongitudinalSlopes

(Maximum)CrossSlopes

MinimumTread Width(Two-Way

Travel)

Clearing andGrubbing

Width (Min)

SelectiveThining

Width (Min)

ClearningHeight(Min)

Hiker 0 to 5 mph No Restriction 4% max. 6 ft. 10 ft. 20 ft. 8 ft.

Multiuse trailwalkers, hikers, joggers, runners,persons confined to a wheelchair,bird-watchers, nature lovers,picnickers, bicyclist, rollerbladers,skateboarders, mountain bikers

0 to 20 mph 8% 1% preferred 12 ft.(10 ft. limit

ROW)

18 ft. 28 ft. 10 ft.

Horseback rider 5 to 15 mph 10% 4% max 4 ft. 8 ft. 20 ft. 12 ft.

Multiuse trail with horseback rider 0 to 15 mph 8% 1% preferred 10 ft. (paved)4 ft. (unpaved)

25 ft. 35 ft. 12 ft.

Trail Head

Features- Parking (paved or unpaved)- Paved handicapped parking space neahead- Bicycle parking- Trail head sign- Trash receptacles- Information station with map- Restrooms- Chilled drinking fountains

- Lighting- Air pump- Vending machine- Play equipment- Pet amenities- Picnic tables- Pavilions

Lighting

May be needed at roadway intersectitrail is used as a commuter transportatio

ridor.

Rest AreasSpace rest areas at appropriate intervalsinclude:

- Bench,- Shade, and- Paved platform (3 ft wide x 8 ft long

Weather shelters should be provide evmiles, and should include:

- 2 to 3 benches- Covered shelter,- Paved platform (10 ft wide x 10 ft lo


Design Guidelines


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Savannahs 1733 Plan includes plenty of network and connectivity

Design elements such as lane width, tree placement, parking, landform and pedestrian facilities can all be seen in this photo

3. Design Elements All of the elements that will be part of a street should be considered in makingdesign decisions. If regional vehicular needs are the only design element that drives design decisions, itis likely elements such as trees, sidewalks and bicycle facilities will suffer. Often, finding a middle-grounddesign solution can prove beneficial to the community at large and assure that all of the elements of the streetcan work well together.

Implementation Strategies

Since these processes are not currently the norm in the City and County, change will require a commitmenton the part of the local jurisdictions. The following are some ideas that should help in making positive changetoward a more balanced process.

A Playbook for Savannah/Chatham County

Definition of Roles and Responsibilities Implementation of these ideas will require a champion. This mustbe a person or persons who believe in the principles espoused in this manual and who is willing to monitorand influence projects from beginning to end. This will include reminding all parties of their proper roles in acollaborative process.

Engagement The person who is responsible for implementation of this manual must not be afraid toengage in dialog with project designers, the public, elected officials or anyone else who has influence over aproject. Such engagement can help to shine a light on the design process and provide early evidence of anycontentious issues.

Documentation Often when projects go wrong, it is not through conscious effort, but miscommunication. Itis imperative that designers understand decisions that have been made during the planning process and thatplanners remain engaged through the design process. The manual point-person will be key to assuring thisdocumentation of decisions occurs.


The Process for Context Sensit ive Solutions


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Appendix: Roadway Design Elements - Intersections


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R1

R1 = Actual CurbRadius

R2 = EffectiveRadius

R3 = Curb radiusneededwithoutbike laneandparking

R3

R2

K EY

A. Right-turn-only lane C. Right-turn-only lane D. Optional right/straightand right-turn onl

B. Parking lane into right-turny

ONLY ONLY ONLY ONLYRIGHT LANE

MUSTTURN RIGHT

BEGIN

YIELD TOBIKES

RIGHTTURN LANE

RIGHT LANE

MUSTTURN RIGHT

BEGIN

YIELDTOBIKES

RIGHTTURN LANE

RIGHT LANE

MUSTTURN RIGHT

BEGIN

YIELD TOBIKES

RIGHTTURN LANE

SHARE

THE

ROAD

only lane

Bicycle Lane at Intersections

nw

.

.

Building

Segment ofstraight curb

36" Min

Slope y

Slope 1:12

If x > 48" Slope y = 1:10If x < 48" Slope y = 1:12

Building

x

Building

Well defined edgeparallel to directioof pedestrian flo

48" Min

Building

24" Min. long segmentof straight curb

48" Min.Flared side

Example: Typical intersection with bike lanes and turn lanes.

Where ROW permits, bike lane should continue up to stop bar orcrosswalk.

Pedestrian Crossing at Intersections

Curb Return Radius Min. Max.

Local - Local 10 25Local - Collector 15 25

Collector - Collector 15 25

Collector - Arterial 20 50

Arterial - Arterial 20 50

* Allow encroachment into adjacent lane by designvehicles when turning on low volume streets.

Intersection design should safe

accommodate both vehicles andpedestrians.

To comfortably accommodatepedestrians, minimize the curbreturn radius and intersection

pavement width to the greatesextent possible.

Source: Main Street.. .When a Highway Runs ThroughIt : A Handbook for Oregon Communit ies

24

Source: ADA Standards for Accessible Design

Note: The dotted lines in cases A and B are optional (see case C) Source: AASHTO Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities


Appendix

(4' 6') S T bl S T blS T bl

Appendix: Roadway Design Elements - Medians


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48" Min

2'

4'

8.

5'

Bottom oftree canopy

Top ofgroundcover

Distance from facof non-mountablecurb, when treediameter is greatthan 4 inches

measured 6 incheoff the ground.

Travel Lane Travel LaneMedian

Planting in Medians

(4'-6')

TravelLane

TravelLane

See Table

TravelLane

TravelLane

TravelLane

TravelLane

11' - 14'

12' - 14'

Urban Activity Center

Industrial

Rural Cluster

Rural Agricultural

4' - 6'

4' - 6'

12' - 30'

12' - 30'

Optional In Narrow MedianContinuous Left-Turn Wide Median Rural Median

Arter ia ls

10' - 12'

10' - 12'

Urban Activity Center

Rural Cluster

10' - 16'

10' - 16'

Col lec tors

14

14

See Table

Continuous Left-turnUsed on arterial streets in commercial areas withfrequent driveway. If blocks are larger than 600,

place pedestrian crossing with special treatmentas well as pedestrian refuge island at intervals of600 to 1420 (where possible).

Narrow MedianUse on collector and arterial streets with in-frequent driveways and intersections. Most

commonly used for retrofit project wherethere is limited ROW. Landscape wherefeasible.

Wide MedianUse on arterial streets with less frequent

driveways and intersections.

Rural Median

See Table

PedestrianCrossing with

SpecialPavement

avelLane

TravelLane

8' Min.

48" Min

.

20' Min.

RaisedMedian

Tr


Appendix

Appendix: Roadway Design Elements - Sidewalks


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Sidewalk(see table)

4 ' Min.' Min.Plant ingl an t ing

Str ipt r ip4' Min.

Plant ingStr ip

HorizontalC learanceHorizontalC learance

Sidew alk(see table)

HorizontalC learanceHorizontalClearance

Sid

Side

STOPMore Intense Development

Off Curb On Curb

Width of Sidewalks

Less Intense Development

Sidewalk Widths by Classi f icat ion

Location and Design of Sidewalks

Functional Classification

Off and On Curb Sidewalk Widths

Landmark Historic

District

Neighborhood

Historic District

Traditional

Neighborhoods Village Centers

Suburban

Communities Gated Communities Scenic Corridors

Rural or

UndevelopedCorridors

Arterial 10-16 8-15 8-15 10-15 6-8 6-8 5-6 No

Major Collector 10-16 8-15 8-15 8-15 8-15 8-15 8-15 No

Minor Collector or Main Street 8-15 8-15 8-15 8-15 6-8 6-8 No No

Offset Sidewalk IntersectionTreatment

(Referenced from Design Guidelines in Section 6.0 of this manual.)

On arterial and collector streets, sidewalks should be located at theoutside edge of the road right-of-way, except at intersections wherethey should be located as shown in the adjacent graphic.

The sidewalk grade should remain consistent along a roadwaycorridor. At locations where a driveway crosses a sidewalk, thegrade of the driveway shall match that of the sidewalk.

Minimum Horizontal Clearance WidthPosted Speed < 25 mph: 1.5 feet from face of curbPosted Speed > 25 mph: 4 feet* from face of curb* 1.5 feet under constrained conditions

Roadway ReconstructionProvide sidewalk on both sides of the roadway for:Arterial in Urban Activity Centers and Rural ClustersCollectors in Urban Activity Centers, Village Centers, and Rural ClustersNeighborhood streets in Urban Activity Centers, Village Centers, and Neighborhood Centers

If ROW is constrained, may provide sidewalks on only one side of the roadway for:Arterials in Industrial land use typeCollectors in Industrial land use typeNeighborhood streets in Neighborhoods, Rural Clusters, and Rural Agricultural land use types


Appendix

Appendix: Roadway Design Elements - Tree Spacing in Sight Triangle


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Source: FDOT

Desc r ipt ion Speed (m ph)

30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Maximum caliper(diameter) within limitsof sight window (mm)

Minimum spacing(c. to c. of trunk) (ft)

22 91 27 108 33 126 40 146 45 165 52 173 60 193

>

11 < 18

d

Sizes and spacing are based on the following

conditions:A. A single line of trees in the median parallel to but not

necessarily colinear with the centerline.

B. A straight approaching mainline within skew limits

C. 1. Trees and palms less than or equal to 11 in diametercasting a vertical 6 wide shadow band on a vehicle entering atstop bar location when viewed by mainline driver beginning atdistance d.

2. Palms with diameters greater than 11 up to 18spaced at intervals providing a 2 second full view of enteringvehicle at stop bar location when viewed by mainline driverbeginning at distance d (see perception diagram).

Location of Shade Trees

Shade trees shall be located to provide shade to users of the sideand multi-use trails. On arterial and collector roadways, shadeshould be located between the travel lane and the sidewalk. To prpersonal security, users of the sidewalks must be visible from vein the travel lane. Landscaping located between the travel lanethe sidewalk must not block these views. Therefore, shrubs ancanopies should be pruned to allow visibility from vehicles in the lane to users of the sidewalk.

Location of Traffic Control Devices, Light Poles,Above Ground Utilities

Traffic Control Devices will be designed and located with the Mof Uniform Traffic Control Devices and Roadway and Traffic DStandards


Appendix


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Encouraging the Right Land U


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Appendix

An example of form-based codes that require building placement against the street. In this redevelopment site in Orlando, Florida, the placement of newbuildings against a network of streets being added to the block defines the street space and makes future widening difficult, if not completely impractical.This is an appropriate street treatment for an urban context.

Form-based codes accomplish several benefits for the transportation system as first and foremost, their streamlining of mixed-use development through emphasproper physical form encourages shorter trips, many on foot, as a decreased relon the nature of the land use means that complementary uses can locate closerone another. They also separate the distribution of trips, allowing service-orientetrips to keep off of main streets, facilitating traffic flow by removing vehicles makfrequent turns and increasing the space available for on-street parking (thus decing dependence on on-site parking to meet an establishments needs).

It must be noted that such a system applies to all context types. Encouraging thright land use does not necessarily mean the land use must be the same in all pof Chatham County, but rather fits the context and the vision for future developm

Indeed, the form-based code does not need to disallow land use and building typthat are commonly developed today. The intent of this type of code is not to discage particular kinds of development, but rather to bring that development in line a communitys vision for its physical environment and to use it to define neighbohoods and commercial districts.


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Documents

Savannah CSD Manual