1114

ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATIONin accordance with ISO 14025, ISO 21930 and EN 15804

Owner of the declaration Norwegian Wood Industry Federation

Publisher The Norwegian EPD Foundation

Declaration number

Issue date

Valid to

Product

Owner of the declaration

Ver. 2:2014

Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine

Norwegian Wood Industry Federation

epd-norge logo

Photo: Per Skogstad (Treteknisk)

NEPD-307-179-EN Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine, Treindustrien

General information

Product Owner of the declaration

Norwegian Wood Industry Federation

Contact person:

Phone:

e-mail:

Program holder Manufacturer

Phone:

e-mail: post@epd-norge.no

Declaration number: Place of production:

Management system:

CEN Standard EN 15804 serve as core PCR

Declared unit: Org. No:

Declared unit with option: Issue date

Functional unit: Valid to

The EPD has been worked out by:

Lars G. F. Tellnes

Norwegian Institute of Wood Technology

Year of study:

Verification:

Declared unit:

kg CO2 -eqv

† Includes sequestration of 715 kg carbon dioxide during wood growth

*

*****

Unit

(Manager EPD-Norway)

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Catherine Grini, M.Sc.

40,01

-

Cradle to gateKey environmental indicators

The declaration is valid for the members of Norwegian

Wood Industry Federation, for updated members list:

Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine

Production of 1 m3 sawn dried timber of spruce or pine

Share of renewable materials

Production of 1 m3 sawn dried timber of spruce or pine

The product contains no substances from the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list

This declaration is based on Product Category Rules:

externally

NPCR015 rev.1 (2013/08)

Post Box 5250 Majorstuen, 0303 Oslo

Global warming

Energy use

(Independent verifier approved by EPD Norway)

internally

http://www.treindustrien.no/

Most producers have chain-of-custody certification for

sustainable forestry according to PEFC ST 2002:2010.

Updated list available at: www.pefcregs.info

2,37

Comparability:

77

The Norwegian EPD Foundation

%

%

*****

*

Share of renewable energy used

A1 - A3

-672†

Norway

980 308 952

1 m3 sawn dried timber of spruce or pine produced and

waste managed

EPD of construction products may not be comparable if they

do not comply with EN 15804 and are seen in a building

context.

Independent verification of data, other environmental

information and EPD has been carried out in accordance

with ISO14025, 8.1.3 and 8.1.4

2955

Approved

99,89

2014

MJ

Transport

Dangerous substances

Transport from production site to central warehouse in Norway

2/7 NEPD-307-179-EN Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine, Treindustrien

ProductTechnical data:

Product specification Market:

Reference service life:

Materials

Sawn dried timber

Plastic packaging

Total

LCA: Calculation rulesDeclared unit with option: System boundary:

Data quality: Cut-off criteria:

Allocation: Calculation of biogenic carbon content:

Product description:

The product is a raw materials and therefore reference

service life is excluded.

kg %

450

Norway

Strength graded structural timber is produced according to

NS-EN 14081-1:2005+A1:2011. Many of the members of

Norwegian Wood Industry Federation are part of the

Norwegian Stress Grading Inspection Scheme which is a

voluntary scheme. This includes inspection to ensure that

the grading of timber are according to NS-INSTA 142 and

NS-EN 14081-4.

Sawn dried timber of spruce have an average basic density

of 360 kg/m3 and pine about 420 kg/m

3. The moisture is

normaly about 12-18% relative to dry weight.

Sawn dried timber is produced by members of Norwegian

Wood Industry Federation for use as raw material in planned

wood. The raw material used in production is Nordic logs. The

sawn dried timber is often planed at the same site, but are also

sold to other planing mills.

0,11

100

Flow chart for the production (A3) of sawn dried timber is

shown below, while the rest of the modules are shown on

page 5. Modul D is calculated with energy substitution and

is further explained in the scenarios section.

450,50

1 m3 sawn dried timber of spruce or pine produced and

waste managed

In the LCA calculations a average basic density of 390 kg/m3

and a moisture content of 15% have been used. This is a

simple average and gives an density of approx. 450 kg/m3.

There is a large natural variation of wood density.

Data for the production of planed wood is collected from a

representative selection of member companies and weighted to

an average. These data represents 2013 and includes volume

balances, economic allocation, transport distances, energy use

and packaging. Otherwise generic data is collected from

Ecoinvent v2.2 (2010) and ELCD 3.0 (2013).

99,89

Sequestration and emissions of biogenic carbon is

calculated according to EN16485:2014. This approach is

based on the modularity principle in EN15804:2012 that

states that all environmental aspects and impacts are

declared in the life cycle where they appear. The amount of

carbon dioxide is calculated according to NS-EN

16449:2014 with an average basic density of 390 kg/m3 for

spruce and pine, the carbon content calculated to carbon

dioxide is 715 kg CO2 per m3.

All major raw materials and all the essential energy is

included. The production process for raw materials and

energy flows that are included with very small amounts

(<1%) are not included. This cut-off rule does not apply for

hazardous materials and substances.

0,50

The allocation is performed according to the EN 15804:2012. In

the production chain of wood this is economic allocation since

the value of the by-products are relatively low. The economic

values are collected from Norwegian sawmills.

Log yard

and

debarking

Saw

house

Drying

and dry

sorting

Combustion of bark and chips for heat

3/7 NEPD-307-179-EN Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine, Treindustrien

LCA: Scenarios and additional technical information

Transport to waste processing (C2)

Truck l/tkm

Truck l/tkm

Railway MJ/tkm

Boat l/tkm

Benefits and loads beyond the system boundaries (D) End of Life (C1, C3, C4)

Hazardous waste disposed

Collected as mixed construction waste

Reuse

Recycling

Energy recovery

Incineration without energy recovery

To landfill

kg

ValueUnit

450,0

kg

kg

kg

409,5

kg

Distance km

The following information describe the scenarios in the different modules of the EPD.

kg

MJ

Substitution of biofuel

50

The transport of wood waste is based on average distance in 2007 in Norway and is at 85 km. It is further estimated that

46% are further transported to Sweden for treatment. It is estimated that 67% of this is on truck, 9% by rail and 24% is by

boat, the transport distances to Sweden were assumed.

0,05Lorry, 20-28t

Fuel/Energy

consumption

Value

(l/t)

Type

800

Capacity utilisation (incl. return)

%

85

Substitution of thermal energy

kg

9,0

400

0,011

Freight train

31,5

0,239

Substitution of electric energy

71

Unit Value

kg

MJ

106

507

1788

75 Lorry, >32t

Type of vehicle

Sawn dried timber is a raw material for further planing, the waste scenario used is therefore the average for mixed wood waste.

200 0,026

Barge

Benefits beyond the life cycle is calculated on the

exported energy and the substitution of conventional

energy production and fuels. For the share recovered in

Norway, this is substitution of Norwegian el-mix, district

heating mix and different types of industrial fuels. For the

share exported to Sweden generic data from ELCD 3.0

is used.

Sawn dried timber can be sorted as clean or mixed

wood waste. The scenario for further treatment is based

on the Norwegian waste accounts in 2011. It is

assumed that energy recovery, incineration and landfill

are relevant for the wood.

4/7 NEPD-307-179-EN Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine, Treindustrien

LCA: Results

System boundaries (X=included, MND=module not declared, MNR=module not relevant)

Environmental impact

Resource use

7,47E+00

INA

1,55E+01

9,03E+01

INA

RSF

7,41E+03

9,68E+03

6,85E+02

INA

6,85E+02

INA

INA

INA

1,58E+02

INA

INA

D

Dis

posal

Reuse-R

ecovery

-

Recyclin

g-p

ote

ntial

D

D

C2

-2,41E+03

INA

-5,65E-02

X

C3

-4,06E+02

-1,54E-05

-5,15E-02

-1,81E+02

Tra

nsport

EP

ADPM

kg CFC11-eqv

kg C2H4 -eqv

kg SO2 -eqv

kg PO43-

-eqv

kg Sb-eqv

Repla

cem

ent

Tra

nsport

Repair

Product stage

2,71E-05

C4

Waste

pro

cessin

g

Raw

mate

rials

Use

Manufa

ctu

ring

GWP Global warming potential; ODP Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; POCP Formation potential of tropospheric

photochemical oxidants; AP Acidification potential of land and water; EP Eutrophication potential; ADPM Abiotic depletion potential for non

fossil resources; ADPE Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources

6,65E-08

0,00E+00

2,65E+00

7,52E-02

A1-A3

1,45E-02

3,39E-01

4,17E-042,14E-03

7,38E-03

2,03E-02

1,82E+02

-6,74E+03

6,09E-07

INA

1,63E+01

INA

INA

1,92E+02

INA

-3,95E+02

9,03E+01

1,92E+02

kg

INA

8,15E-01

INA

X

0,00E+00

-2,91E+03

-2,41E+03

-3,05E-05

-1,04E+00

X XMND

INA

4,97E-07

INA

INA

2,02E-03

7,26E+00

C3 C4

6,35E+03

6,53E+011,25E+01

1,90E-06

4,05E-03

2,56E-02

6,72E-02

2,65E+00

INA

-2,60E+02

INA

-2,91E+03

RPEE Renewable primary energy resources used as energy carrier; RPEM Renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials;

TPE Total use of renewable primary energy resources; NRPE Non renewable primary energy resources used as energy carrier; NRPM Non

renewable primary energy resources used as materials; TRPE Total use of non renewable primary energy resources; SM Use of secondary

materials; RSF Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF Use of non renewable secondary fuels; W Use of net fresh water

4,88E+02

NRSF

MJ

MJ

SM

2,27E+03

ADPE

Parameter Unit

RPEE MJ

RPEM

TPE

NRPE

NRPM

TRPE

MJ

MJ

MJ

MJ

MJ

1,02E-01

C2

A3

-6,72E+02

C3

MJ

-5,19E+02

-3,05E+01

7,47E+00

m3

A2

X

POCP

AP

6,23E+02

9,48E-05 5,49E-06

8,54E+01

W

B2A4

The results for global warming in A1-A3 gives large contribution of the sequestration of 715 kg carbon dioxide during wood

growth, while the same amount gives an large contribution when emitted during waste treatment in C3 and C4.

B7O

pera

tional energ

y u

se

Tra

nsport

De-c

onstr

uction

dem

olit

ion

C1 C4A5

Beyond the

system

boundaries

Constr

uction insta

llation

sta

ge

MND MND

B6

MND

Refu

rbis

hm

ent

B5B4

MND

Main

tenance

A1

X

A1-A3

5,51E-06

B1

X

Use stage

Opera

tional w

ate

r use

MND MNR

B3

MND

Parameter

ODP

GWP

C2

6,57E+02

Unit

kg CO2 -eqv

MNRMND

Construction

installation stage

The uncertainty of the results are estimated to be approx. 10-20 % in relative standard deviation of GWP, POCP, AP, EP

and ADPE, while ODP have approx. 25 % and ADPM approx. 40 %. The high uncertainties of the ODP and ADPM are

caused by high uncertainties of database data. The difference between production sites are not found to have a large

influence on the uncertainty of the results.

End of life stage

5/7 NEPD-307-179-EN Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine, Treindustrien

End of life - Waste

End of life - Output flow

INA = Indicator not assessed

Reading example: 9,0 E-03 = 9,0*10-3

= 0,009

Additional Norwegian requirements

Electricity

kg CO2 - eqv/MJ

Dangerous substances

Name CAS no. Amount

Transport

Transport from production site to central warehouse in Norway is:

Indoor environment

Not testet. It is normal to regard untreated wood as safe for the indoor environment

Carbon footprint

Carbon footprint has not been worked out for the product.

C4

kg

kg

A1-A3

kg

kg

NHW

MR

CR

Nowegian consumption mix at medium voltage is used at the production site and is calculated based on the average for 2008-

2010, but also adjusted to be the same as emission factors published by EPD-Norge.

INA

RW

C3

1,28E+00

C2

1,88E+00

C3A1-A3

INA

MER

2,50E-02

5,07E+02

9,91E-04kg

Unit

C4

3,87E-03

7,69E-06

INA

4,18E+00

2,00E-04

C2

INA

INA

-7,19E+00

D

-3,82E-02

-9,01E-04

D

INA

1,72E-04

0,012

INA

INA

1,06E+02

HW Hazardous waste disposed; NHW Non hazardous waste disposed; RW Radioactive waste disposed

EEE

ETEINAINA

INA

INA

INA

Unit

kg

INA

Parameter

MJ

MJ

50

-1,79E+03

None of the following substances have been added to the product: Substances on the REACH Candidate list of substances of

very high concern or substances (of 16.10.2014) on the Norwegian Priority list (of 11.11.2013) or substances that lead to the

product being classified as hazardous waste. The chemical content of the product complies with regulatory levels as given in the

Norwegian Product Regulations.

km

The scenario of transport from production site is not realistic, but is calculated as a requirement from EPD-Norge.

Greenhouse gas emissions:

9,31E+00

1,32E-01

8,70E+00

HW

Parameter

INAINA

INA

-5,07E+02

CR Components for reuse; MR Materials for recycling; MER Materials for energy recovery; EEE Exported electric energy; ETE Exported

thermal energy

INA

INA1,79E+03

-1,06E+02

6/7 NEPD-307-179-EN Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine, Treindustrien

Bibliography

Tellnes, L.G.F.

NPCR015 rev1 08/2013 Product category rules for wood and wood-based materials for use in construction

ELCD 3.0 European reference Life-Cycle Database. Http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

NS-EN 16449:2014

NS-EN 16485:2014

NS-EN 14081-1:2005

Program holder and publisher Phone:

The Norwegian EPD Foundation

Post Box 5250 Majorstuen, 0303 Oslo e-mail: post@epd-norge.no

Norway web www.epd-norge.noOwner of the declaration Phone: +47 976 02 543

Norwegian Wood Industry Federation Fax -

P.O Box 5487 Majorstuen N-0305 Oslo e-mail: trelast@trelast.no

Norway web www.treindustrien.noAuthor of the Life Cycle Assessment Phone: +47 98 85 33 33

Lars G. F. Tellnes Fax -

P.O. Box 113 Blindern, N-0314 Oslo e-mail: firmapost@treteknisk.no

Norway web www.treteknisk.no

Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section - Part 1:

General requirements

ISO 21930:2007

epd-norge logo

Round and sawn timber - Environmental Product Declarations - Product category rules for wood

and wood-based products for use in construction

Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and

procedures

Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines

Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declaration - Core rules for the

product category of construction products

Sustainability in building construction - Environmental declaration of building products

EN 15804:2012

ISO 14025:2006

ISO 14044:2006

LCA-report for Norwegian Wood Industries Association. Report nr. 380034-1 from Norwegian

Institute of Wood technology, Oslo, Norway.

Ecoinvent v2.2 Swiss Centre of Life Cycle Inventories. www.ecoinvent.ch

Wood and wood-based products - Calculation of the biogenic carbon content of wood and

conversion to carbon dioxide

7/7 NEPD-307-179-EN Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine, Treindustrien