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SBD:Interaction Design
Chris North
cs3724: HCI
Problem scenarios
summativeevaluation
Information scenarios
claims about current practice
analysis ofstakeholders,field studies
Usability specifications
Activityscenarios
Interaction scenarios
iterativeanalysis ofusability claims andre-design
metaphors,informationtechnology,HCI theory,guidelines
formativeevaluation
DESIGN
ANALYZE
PROTOTYPE & EVALUATE
Interaction Design
• Specify the action sequences for planning and achieving one or more task goals
1. System goals
2. Action plans
3. Execution
• Output: Storyboards
Activity design scenarios:transform current activities to
use new design ideas
Information design scenarios:
Elaborate to include visual presentation details
Interaction design scenarios:Elaborate to include physical
actions and system responses
Execution
Action plan
Systemgoal
Last month’sbudget... ?
Interpretation
PerceptionMakingsense
GULF OFEVALUATION
GULF OFEXECUTION
Stages of Action in HCIInformationdesign
Interactiondesign
Human-computerinteraction
Taskgoal
Example
• Task goal: Give great idea to Pres. Steger
3 Interaction Styles
• Direct manipulation
• Command language
• Menus & Forms
Example: File Management
% rm myfile.txt% _
Direct Manipulation
• Examples:• Drag-n-drop file icons
•
Direct Manipulation
• Examples:• Drag-n-drop file icons
• visualization
• Keyboard
• Games
• Powerpoint slide sorter, word
• Media player, files
Video Games
Direct Manipulation Principles
• Visual representation
• Rapid, incremental, reversible actions
• Pointing and directly selecting
• Immediate feedback
“Just do it”
Direct Manipulation
• Good:•
• Bad:
Direct Manipulation
• Good:• see what your doing, wysiwig
• Back, undo
• Learning time good, natural, metaphors
• Bad:• wildcards, macros
• Slow for Experts
• Limited options
• Difficult implementation?
Command Language
• Examples:• Unix, DOS
•
Command Language
• Examples:• Unix, DOS
• matlab
• autoCAD
• Emacs, word shortcuts, vi
• programming
Command Language
• Good:•
• Bad:•
Command Language
• Good:• fast for experts
• Fast performance, no graphics
• Customizable, macros
• Piping, scripts,
• Bad:• complexity, arguments
• Huge learning brick wall
• Requires fast typing
• Indirect referring to stuff, hard to select
• Requires knowing the names
Speech Input and Output
• Speech I/O inherently linear, relatively slow– trades off with familiarity, naturalness– restricted vocabulary, commands
• Speech recognition accuracy still limited– depends on speaker, amount of training up front
• Synthetic speech output quality also limited– biggest challenge is prosody (intonation contours)– digitized natural speech snippets– useful for alerts, warnings (why?)
• Biggest benefit: parallel processing, multi-modal– also critical for hands-busy, heads-up tasks
Natural Language?
Menus & Forms
• Examples:• App pull-down menus
•
Menus & Forms
• Examples:• App pull-down menus
• Dialog boxes
• task bar
• Desktop
• Start menu
• Restaurant menus
• Web pages
• Phone menus
Menu Guidelines2 level look ahead Meaningless labels?
Menu Guidelines
• Broad-shallow vs. narrow-deep
• Depth = logbranchingFactor numPages
• Usability: max depth 3-4
Menus
• Good:•
• Bad:•
Menus
• Good:• fast for novice
• Customizable
• Fast learn time
• Recognition instead of recall
• Bad:• slow for expert
• labeling is critical, consistency
• Limit options
• Just a pointer?
Combined Strategies
• Word Cut-n-Paste:• Drag-n-drop
• Ctrl-x, ctrl-p
• Edit menu
Execution
Action plan
Systemgoal
Last month’sbudget... ?
Interpretation
PerceptionMakingsense
GULF OFEVALUATION
GULF OFEXECUTION
Stages of Action in HCIInformationdesign
Interactiondesign
Human-computerinteraction
Taskgoal
Cruise Control
• Users:
• Tasks:•
• Current systems:
•