scaffolding awareness course

8/10/2019 scaffolding awareness course

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SCAFFOLDING AWARENESSTRAINING COURSE


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COURSE ITINERARY

Introduction & Course Aims.

The law and your responsibilities

Types of scaffolding.

Component identification & use..

Scaffolding terminology

Inspection of scaffolding.

Recording of inspections.

Reasons for collapses.

Course questionnaire

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INTRODUCTION & COURSE AIMS

THE REASON FOR THIS COURSE ISTHAT THE WORK AT HEIGHT

REGULATIONS 2005 PLACES AN

IMPLICIT DUTY ON THOSE USINGSCAFFOLDING TO INSPECT ANDRECORD THE RESULTS OF THOSEINSPECTIONS, BEFORE USE AND

WITHIN SEVEN DAYS.

THE AIM OF THE COURSE IS THATTHOSE TAKING PART WILL HAVE

AN AWARENESS OF WHAT A LEGAL

SCAFFOLDING SHOULD BE THATTHEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR

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LEGISLATION

Health & Safety at Work Act 1974

Provision and Use of WorkEquipment Regulations 1998

Management of Health & Safety atWork Regulations 1999

Work at Height Regulations 2005

Manual Handling Regulations 1992

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Provision & Use of Work EquipmentRegulations 1998

These Regulations place duties on employers& suppliers to provide equipment for use atwork which meets three basic criteria;

1. IT MUST BE FIT FOR USE (it must work)

2. IT MUST BE FIT FOR ITS INTENDEDPURPOSE

( it must do what you want it to do)3. IT MUST COMPLY LEGALLY & MEET

ALL STANDARDS

The provision of instructions, information ,and training on the safe use of workequipment or the provision of competentsupervision is a mandatory requirementunder these regulations !If you find any work equipment unsafe orinoperative you must not use it, you must take out of service and inform yoursupervisor.

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Management of Health & Safety at WorkRegulations 1998

These Regulations place duties on Employers to carryout Risk Assessments on all work activities which willidentify significant risks to peoples health & safety.Hazards found during work activities which have the

potential to cause harm need to be removed if possibleor if this is not possible they must be controlled insuch a way as to reduce the likelihood of harm to thelowest possible risk.Safe systems of work are formulated from these riskassessments usually in the form of method statementswhich detail a safe method of work, the hazards

identified, the controlling provisions put in place to protect workers and any residual risks for whichappropriate PPE will be issued and must be worn.Employers are duty bound to Manage Health & Safetyin such a way as to prevent foreseeable accidents andinjuries to people in their employment and also peoplenot in their employment.Workers who are to carry out working operationscovered by a method statement must follow the safemethod of work if this cannot be done then stop work!

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These regulations place an implicit duty on placesfrom where it may be possible to fall.

The overriding principal for employers to complywith these regulations is to do all that is reasonably

Practicable to prevent anyone from falling.

The hierarchy of control for managing and selectingequipment for work at height is:

1. Avoid work at height whenever possible.2. Use work equipment or other measures to

prevent falls where they cannot avoidworking at height.

3. Where they cannot eliminate the risk of a fall,use work equipment or other measures tominimise the distance and consequences of afall should one occur.

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These regulations place an implicit duty on placeswhere it may be possible to fall.

Fall prevention measures include the provision of;1. Top hand-rail no less than 950mm;2. Toe boards on all open edges from which objects

can fall;3. Toe board minimum height 150mm;4. Maximum gap between the top of the toe board

and any guardrail 470mm

this usually means double guardrails areemployed, but other suitable protection canreplace the middle rail such as a substantial mesh

panel, but the requirement for this protection toremain in place for the life of the working

platform must be enforced by management.

5. Minimum width of a working platform must beadequate for the work to be carried out but notless than 600mm for persons only, if depositingmaterials then minimum width must be 800mm.

6. Maximum vertical climb to a working platformmust not exceed 9mtrs (rest deck)

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Manual Handling Regulations 1994

These regulations place a duty on employers tocarry out risk assessments on activities which mayinvolve manually handling loads.The risks of manual handling injuries must be

reduced by; Removing the need to manually handle loads; Redesigning the work place or equipment or

redesigning the working process to reducemanual handling operations;

Reducing size, weight, shape or centre of gravityof loads;

Making available mechanical means so loads can be moved safely;

If loads have to be moved by human effort theemployer must provide manual handling training sothat people know how to lift & move loads correctlyso as to reduce the risk of a manual handling injury.

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LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

The three main pieces of legislation /codes of practice governing the useof scaffolding are:


BS EN12811-1

Regulation 12 (10) - WAHR -Inspections are required by competent

persons:

Training.

Knowledge.

Experience.

Under supervision.

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LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

Regulation 12 - WAHR - Inspections arerequired on all scaffolding from which a

person can fall :

Before use

After substantial alteration

After adverse weather or occurrence

Within every seven days

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TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING

INDEPENDENT

BIRDCAGE

PUTLOG

TOWER

SYSTEMKwikstage

Cuplok

Alloy towers

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INDEPENDENT

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BIRDCAGE

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PUTLOG

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TOWER

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SYSTEMSCAFFOLDING

There are numerous types ofsystem scaffolding on the market and

they all have their good points and bad points. The three types of systemscaffolding we are concentrating on inthis course are probably the most

popular:

Alloy Tower

Kwikstage

Cuplok

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ALLOY TOWER

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KWIKSTAGE

2 3

4

5

6

7

8

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IDENTIFICATION

EXERCISE ANSWERS

1. 2 metre standard.

2. 3.54 metre diagonal brace.

3. 1.2 metre transom.

4. 2.4 metre Steelstage / battens.

5. 2.4 metre ledger.

6. Collar jack.

7. 1.2 metre Steelstage / toeboard.

8. 2.4 metre Guardrail.

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KWIKSTAGE NODE

POINT DETAIL

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CUPLOK

Fig 1Fig 2

Fig 3

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BASE PLATE

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Must be 150mm x 150mm with a pincentrally positioned and be placedunder every standard at all times.


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BRICKGUARD

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DOUBLE COUPLERS

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These are load bearing couplers or fittingswhich must be used for ties at all times.


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GIRDER CLAMP

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Used to tiescaffolds to steel

girders, mustalways be usedin pairs.


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JOINT PIN / SPIGOT

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Used to butt joinscaffold tubesend to end,should not beused in ledgersor sway braces.


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PUTLOG COUPLERS

Wrapover

Mills hook

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Used to fasten

intermediate transomsto ledgers, non load

bearing fitting.


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REVEAL PIN

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Used to fix tubes between twoopposing faces as part of a reveal tie


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SCAFFOLD BOARDS

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BOARDED PLATFORMS

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Faults that should be checked for wheninspecting a boarded platform are:

Oversail no less than 50mm.

Oversail no more than 150mm.

No gaps in working platform.

Correctly spaced transoms.

Max.1.2m for visually graded

boards. Boards fixed to prevent movement.

Not Damaged.

No undue cracks. Not contaminated.

Not banded or Scaffplated.


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SLEEVE COUPLER

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Should always be used to butt joinledgers and sway bracing in

preference to joint pins.


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SWIVEL COUPLER

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Used to connect any two tubes at any angleother than 90 , often used with a small buttto splice joints which require staggering.


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SCAFFOLDING TERMINOLOGY

Bay. - Distance between standards.

Brace - Tube at an angle to give stability.

Guardrail - To stop persons falling.

Ledger - Tube supporting transoms.

Lift - Distance between ledgers.

Soleboard - placed under baseplate to spreadweight on soft ground.

Standard - Upright tube.

Ties - Means of fixing scaffold to structure.

Toeboard - Upstand to prevent tools falling. Transom - Tubes to support platform.

Working platform - set of boards to work on.

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SCAFFOLDING TERMINOLOGY

There are three types of bracing used inscaffolding, with three distinct functions and theyare:

Ledger brace - to add rigidity to it. Sway brace - to stop it from swaying.

Plan brace - to stop it twisting.

The foundations or base of a scaffold is of vitalimportance and must be adequate to carry theweight of the scaffold and any load to be placedon it. The three main criteria when inspecting the

base of a scaffold is:

Firm and level base.

Base plates at all times.

Soleboards when required.

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SCAFFOLD INSPECTION

All scaffolding must be inspected at thefour times previously mentioned, by acompetent person. This inspection must becompleted before the end of the working periodand after completing the inspection they must

provide the report or a copy of it to the personresponsible for the scaffolding, within 24 hours.This report must include the following:

Name & address of the person on whose behalfthe inspection was carried out.

Location of the scaffold inspected.

Date & time of inspection.

Details of any faults identified.

Any action taken to rectify those faults.

Any further action required.

Name & position of person making the report.

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REASONS WHY SCAFFOLDS

COLLAPSE

Constructed with inadequate materials.

Inadequate for the intended purpose.

Erected by incompetent people.

Placed on inadequate foundations.

Overloaded.

Undermined.

Altered by incompetent people.

Hit by machinery or shock loaded.

Subjected to excessive wind loads by beingsheeted, whether flexible or solid.

Not regularly inspected by competent people

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TYING SCAFFOLDS TO

STRUCTURESAdequate stability for most scaffolds isachieved by tying them to the structure, theseties need to be positive two way ties. They areusually constructed from tubes & load bearingfittings in different configurations dependingon the type of structure being tied to. Anyscaffold which has been sheeted or debrisnetted will require more ties than one without,

so no scaffold should be sheeted or debrisnetted without consultation with thescaffolding company. Any structure used totie scaffolding to must be strong enough totake the weight and stress of the scaffoldingand any weight to be placed on it. Moststructures would be classed as normal facadesand would be tied using one of the five mostcommon methods of tying scaffolding whichare:

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TYING SCAFFOLDS TO

STRUCTURES

Through Tie

Box TieAnchor Tie

Lip Tie

Raker TieOther methods used are:

Reveal Tie

Buttress ties.

Ties would usually start at the four metrelevel then as a rule of thumb they would beevery other lift and every other standard.

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TYING SCAFFOLDS TO

STRUCTURES

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TYING SCAFFOLDS TO

STRUCTURES

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TYING SCAFFOLDS TOSTRUCTURES

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ANCHOR TIES


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LIP TIES

RAKERTIE

The maximum length ofraker is 21feet or 6 metres because that is the longestscaffold tube and theyshould not be jointed forrakers.


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REVEAL TIE


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LADDERS

TIED AT TOP AROUND STILES.

TIED IN MIDDLE (WHEN NECESSARY.

FIRM & LEVEL FOOTING.

GOOD CONDITION.

TOP RUNG LEVEL OR JUSTABOVE STEPPING OFF POINT.

4 : 1 RATIO (APPROX. 75 )

NOT PAINTED.

PROJECTING AT LEAST 1.05MOR WITH SUITABLE HANDHOLD.

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HAZARDS WITH

LADDERS

UNSECURED.

OVER BALANCING.

SLIPS ON RUNGS.

DEFECTIVE.

FALSE STEPS.

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INTERFERENCE

TIES REMOVED.

PLATFORM BOARDS REMOVED.

GUARDRAILS REMOVED.

BRICKGUARDS REMOVED

TOEBOARDS REMOVED.

STRUCTURAL PARTS REMOVED.

UNDERMINED.

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PROTECTING THE PUBLIC

CAP TUBES BELOW HEAD HEIGHT

PROTECT ALL SHARP EDGES

HIGHLIGHT HAZARDOUS TUBES

AMPLE HEADROOM

PROTECTION FAN OR GANTRY

SIGNS AND BARRIERS.

SHEETING / DEBRIS MESH.

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PRE - ERECTION CHECKS

Points to check before allowing theerection of any type of scaffolding:

Is the surface to be erected on firm andlevel and will it take the weight of thescaffolding and everything to be placedon it.

Are there sufficient materials tocomplete the scaffold or the part to beerected.

Are the materials in good condition.

Is the access and egress suitable.

Are the persons erecting the scaffoldingcompetent & have they seen andunderstood a risk assessment and ifrequired a method statement.

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PRE - ERECTION CHECKS CONT.

On soft ground solepads or soleboardsmust be used to spread the weight.

Any sole pad must be a minimum

length of 450mm (18). On concrete or steel, base plates maynow be omitted.

At all times ladders must be used to

gain access to all levels of scaffolding.Ladders should be placed at an angleof 4 -1 (75) and should be tied at thetop.

Ideally ladder access towers should beseparate from the main scaffolding.

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DISMANTLING PROCEDURES

Points to check before dismantling anytype of scaffolding:

Have any ties been removed?

Have any ledgers been removed?Have any transoms been removed?

Have any braces been removed.

Have any other structural parts beenremoved?

Is there any damage to the scaffolding?

Are there any changes to the ground

conditions?

Has the area been cordoned off with barriers and signs to warn others?

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DUTIES OF SCAFFOLDING


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SCAFFTAG SYSTEM

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SCAFFTAG SYSTEM

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HANDOVER CERTIFICATE

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This will show a scaffold is, Fit for use,fit for purpose & will comply with alllegal requirements.


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SCAFFOLD INSPECTION QUESTIONNAIRE

Name: ---------------------------------------------- Date: -----------------------

Company: --------------------------------------------------------------------------

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1) Name the 4 instances when scaffold requires to be inspected?a) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

b) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------d) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2) On inspecting a ladder on a scaffold, what will you be looking for?a) ----------------------------------------- b) -----------------------------------------------

c) ----------------------------------------- d) -----------------------------------------------e) ----------------------------------------- f) -----------------------------------------------

3) Give the 5 legal requirements of a working platform with dimensionsa) ----------------------------------------- b) -----------------------------------------------c) ----------------------------------------- d) -----------------------------------------------e) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4) What are the 5 most common methods of tying scaffold?a) ------------------------------------------ b) ----------------------------------------------c) ------------------------------------------ d) ----------------------------------------------e) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5) What type of fitting should you not use for butt joining ledgers & sway braces?------------------------------------ what should you use? ----------------------------

6) What three checks should you be looking for at the base of a scaffold?

a) ------------------------- b) ---------------------------- c) -------------------------------

7) What type of fitting or coupler must be used for tying scaffolds?

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8) As a rule of thumb what should you be looking for in the spacing of ties?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9) Show allowable safe working loads and bay sizes for the following ?BAY SWL

a) Very light duty --------- ----------

b) General Purpose Scaffold --------- ----------a) Heavy duty ---------- ----------

10) What spacings for transoms for the following thickness of boards?

a) 38mm ------------------------------- b) 34mm ----------------------------------------

11) What faults would you be looking for when inspecting a boarded platform?a) ------------------------------------------ b) ----------------------------------------------c) ------------------------------------------ d) ----------------------------------------------e) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12) Explain the following scaffolding terminology?

a) Bay size: ----------------------------------------------------------------- b) Lift height: -----------------------------------------------------------------

13) Explain the purpose of the following braces?

a) Ledger brace: --------------------------------------- ------------------------- b) Sway brace: --------------------------------------------------- -------------c) Plan brace: --------------------------------- -------------------------------

14) What is the maximum length of a raker tube and why?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15) Give 5 precautions you should look for to protect members of the public?

a) ------------------------------------------ b) ----------------------------------------------

c) ------------------------------------------ d) ----------------------------------------------

e) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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16) What must be done with a scaffold inspection report after the inspection hastaken place and by what time scale?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

17) Although not a legal requirement what are the 3 benefits of asking for ahandover certificate?

a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- b) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

18) Using the Scafftag system, what is the weight allowable on a light dutyscaffold in either kilonewtons / kilograms or men & tools?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19) Using the Scafftag system, what is the weight allowable on a heavy duty

scaffold in either kilonewtons / kilograms or men & equipment?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20) Name 6 things which can contribute to scaffold collapses?

a) --------------------------------------- b) -----------------------------------------------c) -------------------------------------- d) -----------------------------------------------e) -------------------------------------- f) ------------------------------------------------

MAXIMUM POINTS ACHEIVABLE: --------------------

ACTUAL POINTS ACHIEVED: --------------------


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FOR MORE INFORMATION ON ALL OFOUR COMPETENCY TRAINING COURSES

PLEASE CONTACT:

Bob Robinson AIIRSM AIOSH

Proprietor

A1 Training & Safety

10 Trenholme Road,Middlesbrough,

Cleveland,TS4 2JX.

Tel/Fax: 01642 - 292178Mob: 07790 675193

Documents

scaffolding awareness course