Paper 1 The Living World: Hot Deserts

What you need to know: Where and what are hot deserts What causes hot deserts What are the characteristics of hot deserts – climate, soil, plants, animals and people A case study of a hot desert to show the economic (money) opportunities and

challenges The causes of desertification and the strategies to reduce desertification

You can use the Bitesize website as a source of information as well as a PDF of the Hot deserts section of the revision guide or the revision guide itself, if you have one at home.https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zpnq6fr/revision/1

You can also use Kerboodle to access the text book on line https://www.kerboodle.com/users/login

Section 1: Hot desert characteristicsText book page 68Watch the video on the bitesize website above or either of these. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QdlF6Ld1ochttps://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=mUHN4Y0x2LI&feature=emb_logoBoth explain some the characteristics of hot deserts and why they are found where they are.

Match up the labels to the hot deserts on the satellite imageKalahari Desert (Southern Africa) Mojave Desert (North America)Atacama Desert (South America) Sahara Desert (North Africa)Thar Desert (Asia) Great Victoria Desert (Australia)

The Distribution of Hot Deserts

Name ……………………………………………………

6

5

24

31

Choose the

correct missing words to describe the distribution and characteristics of hot deserts

Why are hot deserts located around 30°N and S of the equator?If you have not watched the clip on the bitesize website you should do so before doing this activity.

Climate of hot deserts

Hot deserts are found around ……………………………….. north and south of the equator. They are ……………………… areas with temperatures above 40° during the day but below 0° at night. This gives hot deserts a high ………………………………… range (the difference between highest and lowest temperatures). Hot deserts have less than ……………………………… of rainfall per year.

humid 30° arid diurnal

400mm daytime 250mm 5°

1. Don’t forget on a climate graph the line graph shows the temperature and the bars show the rainfall.

2. Make sure you refer to the correct Y axis when reading off the figures.

1. In July and August the peak temperature rises to: ………………………………………………..2. Approximately what is the average temperature for the winter months, from December to

February? ………………………………………….3. How much rain falls in December? …………………………………..4. In which months is there likely to be no rainfall? …………………………………….5. What is the relationship between the patterns in rainfall and temperature? This means is

there a pattern between these 2 climate factors? Does the rainfall increase or decrease when the temperature rises?………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Hot Desert soilsSoils are made from the rocks that are found in the area and can contain humus – remains of dead plants and animals.Why are desert soils sandy?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Why do they not have much humus?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Why do they soak up any rainfall very quickly?………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Any water on the surface quickly evaporates because …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………This leaves a layer of salt on the surface – this process is called s………………………………………………………………..Plant and animal adaptationsText book page 69

Desert plants have to cope with high temperatures and low rainfall so they have adaptations to help them to do that. Watch this clip for extra information https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TlbpYeuVKpIAdd 3 more labels to the cactus and to the camel to explain how they have adapted to living in a desert.

Exam question: Describe and explain the features that enable plants to survive in hot deserts [6]……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Spines instead of flat leaves to reduce

evaporationLittle water lost through

urination

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Section 2: Hot desert case study: The Thar DesertText book pages 70 - 73This clip shows you what the Thar Desert is like. https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=1h1LYh63IFc

There are economic opportunities (chances for people to improve their standard of living through employment) in the Thar Desert as well as challenges for development (things that might cause a problem for people if they want to live there)Look at this page on Bitesize about the opportunities and challenges https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zpnq6fr/revision/3 as well as the PDF power point, your revision guide or PDF copy.In the boxes below add some notes about the economic opportunities. Make sure that you include the key words that are written in the box below. Mining/mineral extraction Energy production

Farming Tourism

Answer these questions about economic opportunities in the Thar Desert

Describe the location of the Thar Desert (make at least 3 points)

Gypsum feldspar Jaisalmer Jodphur Lignite coal Bhaleri Commercial farming

desert safaris Desert festival Thermal energy plant Jaisalmer Wind Park Indira Ghandi Canal

Why is the Thar desert a good location for a wind farm? (clue: buildings slow down the wind)

Now for an exam question! Using a case study, to what extent have opportunities for economic activity been developed in your chosen environment? [9 marks]

Clue: Remember to include information from the Thar Desert (using a case study). The question is ‘to what extent’ so you need to state the degree to which economic development has occurred. E.g. the statement may be completely untrue, true to some extent (partly but not completely true), to a great extent, or completely true. You could use words like considerable, significant, partial, limited, slight etc. to describe just how much economic development there has been. Include mainly positive information referring to at least 2 of the 4 ways that people can earn money BUT also refer at least once to a negative factor to show that evaluation eg Farming can take place only with the help of irrigation, because rainfall is unreliable.

Why is the Thar desert a good location for a wind farm? (clue: buildings slow down the wind)

Challenges of development in the Thar DesertMatch up the 3 main challenges:

Extreme temperatures Unreliable water supply Poor accessibility

Look on Bitesize, your revision guide, PDF or the PDF power point to help you to complete this section on the challenges of the Thar Desert.This clip is 42 minutes long but if you have time watch it as wellhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=14&v=vhzVvg6sbsc&feature=emb_logo

Temperature extremes1. What can the temperature exceed in the summer? ……………………………2. Describe 3 problems created by extreme temperatures

Working outside …. High rates of …. Plant and animal adaptations …

Water Supply1. Why are there water shortages?

2. Describe the 3 traditional sources of water

The 2 types of ponds are … Rivers like the Luni are …. Some water can be got from underground ….

The Indira Ghandi Canal

Add some labels to the photo to explain the benefits the canal has brought to the area.

Exam questions

AccessibilityWhy are there very few roads in the Thar Desert?

What is the traditional form of transport?

Why is travelling by public transport sometimes a problem?

Explain how the high temperatures and the limited road network in the Thar Desert present challenges for development [6](Clue: make sure you write about both high temperatures and not enough roads. How do these things stop people from earning a living)

Section 3: DesertificationText book pages 74 - 77What is desertification?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNtP3rwlFNA&feature=emb_logo

What is the definition of desertification?………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Where is desertification happening?Describe the pattern of areas at risk of desertification using this map to help you (Clue: use the CLOCC system)

Explain how the high temperatures and the limited road network in the Thar Desert present challenges for development [6](Clue: make sure you write about both high temperatures and not enough roads. How do these things stop people from earning a living)

The figure below shows the amount of desertified land and the level of desertification in three continents.

 

(i)      What is the total amount of desertified land in Asia?

Circle the correct answer.

250 million hectares          500 million hectares             750 million hectares

(1)(ii) What percentage of the desertified land in Asia is classed as moderate?Circle the correct answer.

21% 51% 81% (1)

(iii) Give two differences between Africa and South America shown on the figure above. (2)

Causes of desertificationLack of rainfall, which is a natural event, can cause deserts to spread, however most causes are related to human activity.Add some information to match the symbol in the diagram on the next page.

Some of these

causes are linked together. One thing leads to another.

Look at the flow diagram below and the missing labels. Complete the flow diagram

Causes of desertificatio

n

Population growth Over grazing

Deforestation

Soil erosion

Climate Change

Population increaseClimate change Land becomes infertile

and turns into desert

More fuel and grazing land needed Less rain Trees are cut down

Soil eroded by the wind and water Less grass cover Soil becomes bare

Land becomes infertile and turns into desert

Exam question: ‘Desertification is largely caused by poor land management.’ Use evidence to discuss this statement. [6 marks]Clue: Look again at your diagram of causes of desertification – which are as a result of the land not been managed/looked after properly? Are there other causes of desertification?

Reducing desertification in hot desertsLand at risk of desertification needs to be managed sustainably so that people can live and prosper without damaging the environment.There are 4 ways of doing this.

Which do you think is the most effective? Rank the methods and explain your choice for the best one. Make sure you link your explanation to sustainability.

Rank Method Explanation for the one you have put in the top slot

1

2

3

4

Exam Question: The figure below shows some ways in which areas at risk from desertification can be managed.

Water and soil Management in the Badia, JordanThe Tal Rimah Rangeland Rehabilitation ProjectLocal p………………………. have built low s………………. walls to stop water running down s………………………. after heavy rain. This w……………………….. is used to irrigate A………………. shrubs that are adapted to the conditions.These plants hold the s………………. together

National ParksThe D………………………… National Park in the T………….. Desert was created in …………….. to protect …………………… km² of desert and reduce the risk of

Tree Planting in the Thar DesertTrees r………………….. bind the soil together. The leaves and branches provide s………………………., grazing for a…………………. and f……………………………. to burnOne type of tree that grow is called the Prosopsis cineraria. It provides: leaves and seed pods for animals to eat, firewood, s………………..wood for building, shade and moist conditions for plants and roots to stabilse s…………………. dunes.

Magic Stones in Burkina Faso, West AfricaLow stone walls between ………….m and …………..m high are built along the c………………………. of the slopes. When rain washes down the h……………………… the walls trap water and s……………….. This

 

Explain how areas at risk from desertification can be managed.

Use the figure above and your own knowledge. [6]

Clue: You need to refer specifically to the figure eg In the figure a stone line is labelled I have studied ‘magic’ stones in Burkina Faso where …. Try to refer to 2 things from the figure and link, if you can, to the information you have just completed above. You could also write about National Parks.

This means how you look after animals. If you keep them in

good health you don’t need as many.

This means planting trees like Prosopsis cineraria in the

Thar Desert