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Scale-‐up of Treatment Programs in East Africa
Saidi Kapiga, MD, MPH, ScD Mwanza Interven,on Trials Unit
Na,onal Ins,tute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
Department of Infec,ous Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Access to ART in African region ♦ About 7.6 million people were receiving ART in Africa by December 2012
-‐ 7.5 million people in sub-‐Saharan Africa
Source: UNAIDS report: Access to ART in Africa: status report on progress towards the 2015 targets
ART coverage for HIV treatment in East Africa
Country Prevalence (%) of HIV in adults (15-‐49 yrs) in 2012
ART coverage (%) based on 2010 WHO guidelines in 2012
Burundi 1.3 (1.0-‐1.5) 58 (50-‐66)
Ethiopia 1.3 (1.2-‐1.5) 86
Kenya 6.1 (5.9-‐6.3) 73 (69-‐77)
Rwanda 2.9 (2.6-‐3.2) 87 (80-‐93)
Tanzania 5.1 (4.6-‐5.7) 61 (55-‐66)
Uganda 7.2 (6.4-‐8.4) 69 (57-‐71)
Source: WHO Global Health Observatory Data Repository at http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.country
ART coverage for PMTCT in East Africa
Country Prevalence (%) of HIV in adults (15-‐49 yrs) in 2012
% pregnant HIV+ women receiving ART for PMTCT in 2011
Burundi 1.3 (1.0-‐1.5) 52 (43-‐62)
Ethiopia 1.3 (1.2-‐1.5) 24
Kenya 6.1 (5.9-‐6.3) 67 (59-‐75)
Rwanda 2.9 (2.6-‐3.2) 56 (45-‐66)
Tanzania 5.1 (4.6-‐5.7) 74 (65-‐85)
Uganda 7.2 (6.4-‐8.4) 50 (43-‐57)
Source: WHO Global Health Observatory Data Repository at http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.country
ART coverage based on WHO 2013 guidelines
u Based on WHO 2013 consolidated guidelines on use of ART, about 21.2 [20.2% -‐22.7] million people are eligible for ART in Africa in December 2013
u Overall ART coverage in Africa based on these new guidelines
is about 35.8%
– Renewed efforts needed by countries to aWain new targets based on new guidelines
– Consistent with UNAIDS Treatment 2015 ini,a,ve – efforts to reach the global target of 15 million people on treatment by 2015 as intermediate step towards universal access to ART
ART access gap in Africa based on WHO 2013 treatment guidelines
Trends in ART coverage in East Africa
Country update -‐ Kenya u By December 2010
– 1,171 health facili,es providing ART services for adults, and 1,105 providing ART services to children
– 396,525 adults and 36,096
children on ART based on 2010 WHO guidelines
– Coverage in adults rela,vely
higher (72%) than among children (31.1%)
Source: Na,onal AIDS Control Council and Na,onal AIDS & STI Control Programme. Kenya AIDS Epidemic Update 2011. Nairobi, Kenya
Country update -‐ Tanzania u By December 2010
– 825 public and private health facili,es providing ART services
– 384,816 were receiving ARTs based on 2010 WHO guidelines (61% coverage)
– Coverage in adults rela,vely higher (73%) than among children (44%)
Source: Tanzania Commission for AIDS. United Republic of Tanzania Country Progress Report, March 2012
Country update -‐ Uganda
u By September 2013 – 1,478 accredited public and private health facili,es providing ART services
– 570,486 out of 821,712 (69%) eligible pa,ents based on 2010 WHO guidelines were on ART
– Coverage in adults rela,vely higher (73%) than among children (44%)
Source: Status of ART services in Uganda, STD/AIDS Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, December 2013
Characteris\cs of pa\ents ini\a\ng ART between 2002 and 2009 (Geng EH et al. J Int AIDS Society 2011;14:46)
u A cross-‐sec,onal analysis of characteris,cs of HIV-‐infected adults (N=48,658) ini,a,ng ART at 30 clinic sites in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania
u Overall, this study reported rapid expansion and improvement of effec,veness of ART services across sites
Characteris\cs of pa\ents ini\a\ng ART between 2002 and 2009 (Geng EH et al. J Int AIDS Society 2011;14:46)
u Specific changes observed – Median CD4+ at the ,me of ART ini,a,on increased from 87 cells/mm3 in 2002-‐03 to 185 cells/mm3 in 2008-‐09
– Reduced use of more toxic regimens e.g. use of D4T in the first regimen fell from a peak 88% in 2002-‐03 to 58% in 2008-‐09. Also propor,on of pa,ents star,ng NVP-‐based regimens decreased as more regimens made use of EFV instead
– The propor,on of pa,ents who had longer travelling ,mes to the clinic declined by 50%
– Self-‐payments for ART essen,ally disappeared during this period
ART coverage is low in some popula\ons
u Children and adolescents – In all countries in East Africa, less than 25% of children eligible under 2010 WHO guidelines received ART in 2012
u Men – More women than men are receiving ART services in all countries in the region, and male sex is associated with advanced disease at the ,me of seeking care and treatment
– This is not explained by services targe,ng pregnant women as part of PMTCT
ART coverage is low in some popula\ons
u Key popula\ons – Lack of reliable es,mates ART coverage for key popula,ons, such as sex workers, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, etc
u Popula\ons in remote rural communi\es – Limited health facili,es and lack of skilled staff in most rural communi,es
Factors influencing pace of ART scale-‐up
u Substan,al propor,on of people living with HIV does not know their status. – As an example, in Tanzania mainland, among those aged 15-‐49 yrs,
only 59% and 43% of men have ever tested for HIV (TDHS, 2010)
u Problems in linkage to care once tested posi,ve and weak referral system
u Lack of skilled health workers – Health facili,es generally not adequately staffed – Retaining qualified and trained health workers is a major problem
u User fees – Laboratory services and other HIV related services
Factors influencing pace of ART scale-up
u Limited number of health facili,es providing ART services u Stock-‐outs
– HIV medicines and other health commodi,es – Laboratory test kits and other HIV related supplies
u AWri,on – Pa,ents dropping out amer ini,a,on of treatment
Conclusions
u Overall, majority of pa,ents eligible for ART based on WHO 2010 guidelines are receiving treatment
u In all countries in this region, ART coverage for PMCTC is
rela,vely lower than that for treatment
u Addi,onal efforts needed to reach increasing number of pa,ents and meet WHO 2013 treatment guidelines – Need to target groups where coverage is currently low
u Addressing known barriers to ART access
Acknowledgements u I would like to acknowledge colleagues who have helped me
to obtain some of the informa,on presented
– Dr Anatoli Kamali, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
– Dr Fatma Mrisho, Tanzania AIDS Commission, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
– Dr Patrick Oyaro, KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya