Scenario- An overwhelming force invade and conquer the United States. They promise to allow current citizens to keep their current property. However, one of their conditions is that all citizens must speak the invader’s language, adopt the invader’s religious beliefs (which is polytheistic), wear what they wear (grey slacks, black shoes, and a white collared shirt), and abandon all other jobs except farming the land.

How will you respond?a.Fight even though it will lead to the death of your friends and loved ones?b.Leave your home to try to find freedom elsewhere?c.Accept the new lifestyle and live in peace with the invaders?

C3 Objective- Examine the rationale behind federal policies affecting Native AmericansCompare the contrasting viewpoints of Native American Leadership’s resistance to US Indian Policies

You will be able to…1.Relate the evolution of Federal policy in relation to Native Americans2.Identify motivations that led to violent responses to these policies, both on the part of Native Americans and Whites3.Evaluate the policy of assimilation and its effect on US/Native American relations

Concept MapConcept Map

Concept-Concept-AssimilationAssimilation

What is it?What is it?

One culture being totally absorbed into a main culture in a society

What is it like?What is it like?

Peer Pressure

People who move from one place to

another

Native Americans and white culture

Immigration

What is a What is a specificspecific example of it? example of it?

Effect- Native Americans were relocated onto smaller land

allotments called reservations and/or they chose to resist by fighting against white settlers and

soldiers

Cause 1Gold found in Gold found in Georgia, Colorado, Georgia, Colorado, and Dakotasand Dakotas

Cause 2Expansion of

transcontinental railroads

Cause and Effect: What two causes are mentioned on pages

161-162 that led the Effect below?

Cause and Effect: What two causes are mentioned on pages

161-162 that led the Effect below?

Treaty of Ft. Laramie Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1851)(1851)

Free Passage for Oregon Free Passage for Oregon TrailersTrailers

Natives get $50,000 Natives get $50,000 annuitiesannuities

ColoradoColoradoGold Rush (1859)Gold Rush (1859)

Treaty of Medicine Creek Lodge Treaty of Medicine Creek Lodge 18671867

Treaty of Medicine Creek Lodge Treaty of Medicine Creek Lodge 18671867

Limited 5 tribes lands to Limited 5 tribes lands to open open new lands for white settlement new lands for white settlement

and to and to relocate other tribesrelocate other tribes

22ndnd Treaty of Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1868)Ft. Laramie (1868)

Lakota get Black Lakota get Black Hills, other tribes Hills, other tribes

get placed on get placed on reservation policyreservation policy

Other lands open to Other lands open to white settlement white settlement

and Railroadsand Railroads

ReservationReservationPolicyPolicy

ReservationReservationPolicyPolicy

Colonel John Colonel John ChivingtonChivington

Colonel John Colonel John ChivingtonChivington

Kill and scalp all, big Kill and scalp all, big and little!and little!

Sand Creek, Sand Creek, MassacreMassacre

Sand Creek, ColoradoSand Creek, Colorado

November 29, 1864November 29, 1864

Cheyenne- Chief Cheyenne- Chief Black KettleBlack Kettle

Sand Creek Massacre: Colonel John Sand Creek Massacre: Colonel John Chivington’s Account Chivington’s Account

Sand Creek Massacre: Sand Creek Massacre: Lieutenant Joseph Lieutenant Joseph Cramer’s AccountCramer’s Account

I had no reason to believe that Black Kettle I had no reason to believe that Black Kettle and the Indians with him were in good faith at and the Indians with him were in good faith at peace with the whites. The Indians took peace with the whites. The Indians took shelter in these trenches as soon as the attack shelter in these trenches as soon as the attack was made, and from thence resisted the was made, and from thence resisted the advance of my troops. From the best advance of my troops. From the best information I could obtain, I judge there were information I could obtain, I judge there were five hundred or six hundred Indians killed; I five hundred or six hundred Indians killed; I cannot state positively the number killed, nor cannot state positively the number killed, nor can I state positively the number of women can I state positively the number of women and children killed. Officers who passed and children killed. Officers who passed over the field, by my orders, after the battle, over the field, by my orders, after the battle, for the purpose of ascertaining the number of for the purpose of ascertaining the number of Indians killed, report that they saw but few Indians killed, report that they saw but few women and children dead, no more than women and children dead, no more than would certainly fall in an attack upon a camp would certainly fall in an attack upon a camp in which they were. I myself passed over some in which they were. I myself passed over some portions of the field after the fight, and I saw portions of the field after the fight, and I saw but one woman who had been killed, and one but one woman who had been killed, and one who had hanged herself; I saw no dead who had hanged herself; I saw no dead children. children.

Question: Were most of the Indians killed and Question: Were most of the Indians killed and scalped at Sand creek warriors? scalped at Sand creek warriors? Answer: They were not; I should think two-Answer: They were not; I should think two-thirds were women and children. thirds were women and children. Question: Did any of the Indians escape during Question: Did any of the Indians escape during the attack upon Black Kettle’s the attack upon Black Kettle’s camp? camp? Answer: I should judge they did, a good many. Answer: I should judge they did, a good many. Question: At anytime during the attack on Black Question: At anytime during the attack on Black Kettle’s camp did the Indians Kettle’s camp did the Indians appear in line of battle? appear in line of battle? Answer: Not that I saw. Answer: Not that I saw. Question: How did the Indians resist the attack Question: How did the Indians resist the attack upon them? upon them? Answer: By fighting back. They fought singly or Answer: By fighting back. They fought singly or a few in a place when the a few in a place when the ground would give them shelter from our fire, ground would give them shelter from our fire, and fought bravely. A great and fought bravely. A great many started towards our lines with hands many started towards our lines with hands raised, as if begging for us to spare raised, as if begging for us to spare them. them.

Fetterman Massacre by Red Fetterman Massacre by Red Cloud and Crazy HorseCloud and Crazy Horse

Fetterman Massacre by Red Fetterman Massacre by Red Cloud and Crazy HorseCloud and Crazy Horse

Northern Wyoming December 21, 1866Northern Wyoming December 21, 1866

On the bitterly cold morning of December 21, about On the bitterly cold morning of December 21, about 2,000 Indians concealed themselves along the road 2,000 Indians concealed themselves along the road just north of Fort Phil Kearney, deceived 80 Federal just north of Fort Phil Kearney, deceived 80 Federal

troops to chase them then rained down 40,000 troops to chase them then rained down 40,000 arrows in a narrow pass killing all 80 troopsarrows in a narrow pass killing all 80 troops

Red River Reservation Red River Reservation SystemSystem

Red River Reservation Red River Reservation SystemSystem

Forcing The Reservation Forcing The Reservation systemsystem

Wiping out Wiping out the Bisonthe Bison

1868-15 1868-15 millionmillion

1885- 10001885- 1000

Wiping out Wiping out the Bisonthe Bison

1868-15 1868-15 millionmillion

1885- 10001885- 1000

Red River War 1874Red River War 1874Red River War 1874Red River War 1874

Quanah Quanah ParkerParker

44thth Cavalry Cavalry

Red River War From A Red River War From A Comanche’s ViewComanche’s View

Red River War From A Red River War From A Comanche’s ViewComanche’s View

The Battle of Little Big Horn 1876The Battle of Little Big Horn 1876The Battle of Little Big Horn 1876The Battle of Little Big Horn 1876

Chief Sitting Chief Sitting BullBull

GeorgeGeorgeArmstrong Armstrong

CusterCuster

Sioux WarriorsSioux Warriors US 7US 7thth Cavalry Cavalry

Strength-900–2,500 Strength-900–2,500 Strength-647 Strength-647

losses- 36-136 losses- 36-136 estimated killed 160 estimated killed 160

woundedwounded

Losses-268 killedLosses-268 killed55 wounded 55 wounded

Chief Joseph Chief Joseph I will I will fight no more forever!fight no more forever!

Chief Joseph Chief Joseph I will I will fight no more forever!fight no more forever!

Nez Percé Nez Percé tribal tribal

retreat (1877)retreat (1877)

Geronimo, Apache Chief: Geronimo, Apache Chief: Hopeless CauseHopeless Cause

Geronimo, Apache Chief: Geronimo, Apache Chief: Hopeless CauseHopeless Cause

Helen Hunt JacksonHelen Hunt JacksonHelen Hunt JacksonHelen Hunt Jackson

A Century of DishonorA Century of Dishonor (1881)-Made public (1881)-Made public the unfair treatment of Native Americansthe unfair treatment of Native AmericansA Century of DishonorA Century of Dishonor (1881)-Made public (1881)-Made public the unfair treatment of Native Americansthe unfair treatment of Native Americans

There is not among these three hundred There is not among these three hundred bands of Indians [in the United States] one bands of Indians [in the United States] one which has not suffered cruelly at the hands which has not suffered cruelly at the hands either of the Government or of white either of the Government or of white settlers. The poorer, the more settlers. The poorer, the more insignificant, the more helpless the band, insignificant, the more helpless the band, the more certain the cruelty and outrage to the more certain the cruelty and outrage to which they have been subjected….where which they have been subjected….where one opens the record of the history of the one opens the record of the history of the Indians; every page and every year has its Indians; every page and every year has its dark stain. ..Colorado is as greedy and dark stain. ..Colorado is as greedy and unjust in 1880 as was Georgia in 1830, unjust in 1880 as was Georgia in 1830, and Ohio in 1795; and the United States and Ohio in 1795; and the United States Government breaks promises now as Government breaks promises now as deftly as then, and with added ingenuity deftly as then, and with added ingenuity from long practice. . . .from long practice. . . .

Dawes Severalty Act (1887):Dawes Severalty Act (1887):started the Forced Assimilation started the Forced Assimilation

PolicyPolicy

Dawes Severalty Act (1887):Dawes Severalty Act (1887):started the Forced Assimilation started the Forced Assimilation

PolicyPolicy

Carlisle Indian School, Carlisle Indian School, PAPA

Live on 160 acre allotments to Live on 160 acre allotments to farmfarm

Live in “nuclear families”Live in “nuclear families”

Learn in “white education Learn in “white education system”system”

Open lands to White Open lands to White settlementsettlement

Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, 18901890

Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, 18901890In the late-nineteenth-century American Indian spiritual movement, the ghost dance In the late-nineteenth-century American Indian spiritual movement, the ghost dance

began in Nevada in 1889 when an began in Nevada in 1889 when an ArapahoArapaho named Wovoka named Wovoka (also known as Jack (also known as Jack Wilson) prophesied the extinction of white people and the return of the old-time life Wilson) prophesied the extinction of white people and the return of the old-time life and superiority of the Indians. and superiority of the Indians. Faithful old dancing,Faithful old dancing, clean living, peaceful adjustments clean living, peaceful adjustments with the whites, hard work, and following God's chosen leaders would hasten the with the whites, hard work, and following God's chosen leaders would hasten the resurrection of dead relatives and the restoration of days of resurrection of dead relatives and the restoration of days of Indian prosperity. Indian prosperity.

Unfortunately it also created more Unfortunately it also created more fearfear and and distrustdistrust among neighboring white settlers. among neighboring white settlers.

Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, 18901890

Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, 18901890In the late-nineteenth-century American Indian spiritual movement, the ghost dance In the late-nineteenth-century American Indian spiritual movement, the ghost dance

began in Nevada in 1889 when an began in Nevada in 1889 when an ArapahoArapaho named Wovoka named Wovoka (also known as Jack (also known as Jack Wilson) prophesied the extinction of white people and the return of the old-time life Wilson) prophesied the extinction of white people and the return of the old-time life and superiority of the Indians. and superiority of the Indians. Faithful old dancing,Faithful old dancing, clean living, peaceful adjustments clean living, peaceful adjustments with the whites, hard work, and following God's chosen leaders would hasten the with the whites, hard work, and following God's chosen leaders would hasten the resurrection of dead relatives and the restoration of days of resurrection of dead relatives and the restoration of days of Indian prosperity. Indian prosperity.

Unfortunately it also created more Unfortunately it also created more fearfear and and distrustdistrust among neighboring white settlers. among neighboring white settlers.

Main Idea- The Massacre at Wounded Main Idea- The Massacre at Wounded Knee 1890 signaled the end of the Knee 1890 signaled the end of the

independent plains Indiansindependent plains IndiansThe Ghost Dance led many Sioux to leave the reservation and The Ghost Dance led many Sioux to leave the reservation and

camp by camp by Wounded Knee creek to live practice the Ghost Dance Wounded Knee creek to live practice the Ghost Dance and live traditionally. When soldiers wanted to inspect the camp for and live traditionally. When soldiers wanted to inspect the camp for

weapons fighting broke out leading to the massacre of 100 men, weapons fighting broke out leading to the massacre of 100 men, women, and children. women, and children.

Main Idea- The Massacre at Wounded Main Idea- The Massacre at Wounded Knee 1890 signaled the end of the Knee 1890 signaled the end of the

independent plains Indiansindependent plains IndiansThe Ghost Dance led many Sioux to leave the reservation and The Ghost Dance led many Sioux to leave the reservation and

camp by camp by Wounded Knee creek to live practice the Ghost Dance Wounded Knee creek to live practice the Ghost Dance and live traditionally. When soldiers wanted to inspect the camp for and live traditionally. When soldiers wanted to inspect the camp for

weapons fighting broke out leading to the massacre of 100 men, weapons fighting broke out leading to the massacre of 100 men, women, and children. women, and children.

Chief Big Foot’s Lifeless BodyChief Big Foot’s Lifeless BodyChief Big Foot’s Lifeless BodyChief Big Foot’s Lifeless Body

Indian Reservations TodayIndian Reservations TodayIndian Reservations TodayIndian Reservations Today