Upload
others
View
5
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
SCHEME OF STUDIES
FOR THE DEGREE OF B.Sc.(Hons.) AGRICULTURE
(Horticulture)
DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA
2015
ii
CONTENTS
Scheme of Studies B.Sc.(Hons.)Agriculture major Horticulture …………………... 1
Course Contents
Semester I …………………………………………………... 4
Semester II …………………………………………………... 11
Semester III …………………………………………………... 16
Semester IV …………………………………………………... 21
Semester V …………………………………………………... 27
Semester VI …………………………………………………... 32
Semester VII …………………………………………………... 37
Semester VIII …………………………………………………... 42
1
SCHEME OF STUDIES
B.Sc.(Hons.) Agriculture major Horticuoture
SEMESTER-I
Course
code. Title of the Course
Credit
Hours
Category of the
course
SES-101 Introduction to Soil Science-I 3(2-1) Foundation
AS-101 Introduction to Animal Husbandry 3(2-1) Supporting
AGRO-101 Basic Agriculture 3(2-1) Foundation
BIO-101/
MATH-101
Biology (for Pre-Engineering students)/
Mathematics (for Pre-Medical students)
3(2-1)/
3(3-0) Compulsory
CS-101 Computer Science and Information Technology 3(2-1) Compulsory
ENG-101 Study Skills 3(3-0) Compulsory
IS-101/
SSH-101
Islamic Studies/
Ethics (for Foreigner or Non-Muslims)
2(2-0)/
2(2-0)
Compulsory
Total credit hours 20(15-5) / 20(16-4)
SEMESTER-II
AGRO-102 General Crop Production 3(2-1) Foundation
AE-102 Introduction to Agricultural Economics 3(3-0) Foundation
FST-102 Introduction to Food Science and Technology 3(2-1) Foundation
SES-102 Introduction to Soil Science-II 3(2-1) Foundation
FOR-102 Introduction to Forest and Watershed
Management 3(2-1) Foundation
AEE-102 Introduction to Agricultural Extension and Rural
Development 3(3-0) Foundation
SSH-102 Pakistan Studies
2(2-0)
Compulsory
Total credit hours 20(16-4)
2
SEMESTER-III
PBG-201
Introductory Genetics 3(2-1) Foundation
ENT-201 Introductory Entomology 3(2-1) Foundation
PP-201 Introduction to Plant Pathogens 3(2-1) Foundation
HORT-201 Introductory Horticulture 3(2-1) Foundation
FOR-201 Introduction to Forest and Watershed
Management 3(2-1) Foundation
AE-201 Agribusiness, Marketing and Trade 3(3-0) Foundation
STAT-201 Statistics-II 2(2-0) Compulsory
Total credit hours 20(15-5)
SEMESTER-IV
PBG-202 Introductory Plant Breeding 3(2-1) Foundation
ENT-202 Applied Entomology 3(2-1) Foundation
PP-202 Introductory Plant Pathology 3(2-1) Foundation
HORT-202 Horticultural Crop Production 3(2-1) Foundation
AEE-202 Communication Skills in Agricultural Extension 3(2-1) Foundation
VMd-202 Introduction to Veterinary Preventive Medicine 2(1-1) Supporting
STAT-202 Statistics-II 3(3-0) Compulsory
Total credit hours 20(14-6)
SEMESTER-V
Hort. 301 Principles of Fruit Production 4(3-1) Major
Hort. 303 Principles of Vegetable Production 3(2-1) Major
Hort. 305
Principles of Ornamental Crop Production
3(2-1) Major
Hort. 307 Propagation and Nursery Management 3(1-2) Major
Hort. 309 In Vitro Propagation 2(1-1) Major
Total credit hours 15(9-6)
3
SEMESTER-VI
Hort. 302 Tropical and Sub-Tropical Fruits 3(2-1) Major
Hort. 304 Summer Vegetables 3(2-1) Major
Hort. 306 Landscape Horticulture 3(2-1) Major
Hort. 308 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 3(2-1) Major
Hort. 310 Post-Harvest Horticulture 3(2-1) Major
Total credit hours 15(10-5)
SEMESTER-VII
Hort. 401 Research Methods in Horticulture 3(1-2) Major
Hort. 403 Temperate Fruits 3(2-1) Major
Hort. 405 Winter Vegetables 3(2-1) Major
Hort. 407 Commercial Flower Production 3(2-1) Major
Hort. 409 Breeding of Horticultural Crops 3(2-1) Major
Total credit hours 15(9-6)
SEMESTER-VIII
Hort. 402 Research Project 4(0-4) Major
Hort. 404 Vegetable and Flower Seed Production 3(2-1) Major
Hort. 406 Protected Horticulture 3(2-1) Major
Hort. 408 Indoor Plant Culture and Interiorscaping 3(2-1) Major
Hort. 410 Business Management in Horticulture 3(3-0) Major
Hort. 412 Project Planning and Scientific Writing 2(1-1) Major
Total credit hours 18(10-8)
4
COURSE CONTENTS
SEMESTER-I
SES-101 INTRODUCTION TO SOIL SCIENCE-I 3(2-1)
Objective
This course is designed to introduce the concept and importance of soil science for
agriculture students at under-graduate level.
Theory
1. Introduction to Soil and environment: definition of earth, geology and soil science;
disciplines of soil science; lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere
2. Soil forming rocks and minerals: types and their formation.
3. Weathering of rocks and minerals: definition. Agents and classification
4. Parent materials: definition and types
5. Soil formation: definitions, processes and factors
6. Soil profile: definition and description
7. Physical properties of soil and their significance
8. Introduction to soil classification and land use capability classes
9. Soil, water and air pollution: sources and types
Practical
1. Methods of soil sampling and handling
2. Preparation of saturated soil paste
3. Determination of soil water contents
4. Analysis of irrigation water, report writing and interpretation.
5. Textural analysis of soil
Books Recommended
1. Bashir, E. and R. Bantel. 2001. Soil Science. National Book Foundation, Islamabad.
2. Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2007. The Nature and Properties of Soils. 14th Ed. Pearson
Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.
3. Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2009. Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. 3rd
Ed. Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.
4. Hillel, D. 2008. Soil in the Environment: Crucible of Terrestrial Life. Elsevier Inc.,
Burlington, MA, USA.
5. Singer, M.J. and D.N. Munns. 2002. Soils- An Introduction. 5th ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.
6. Das, D.K. 2011. Introductory Soil Science. 3rd ed. Kalyani Publ. New Delhi-110002,
India.
AS-101 INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 3(2-1)
Objective To acquaint the students with basics of animal science
5
Theory Importance of livestock; zoological classification, livestock population and products;
common terminology; brief review of principles of livestock management; farm records;
livestock housing; gross composition of milk of various species; milk products;
transportation and welfare of farm animals; introduction to genetics; basic concepts and role
in animal breeding; breeds of livestock; breeds of milch; draught and dual-purpose cattle;
breeds of buffaloes; breeds of sheep and goats; breeding: reproductive cycle, age at puberty,
breeding season, gestation, fertility and sterility and artificial breeding; system of breeding;
principles of selection, biotechnological techniques in animal breeding and genetics; basic
terms in animal nutrition; common feeds and their classification; nutrients and their
functions, feeding standards, Digestion in monogastric and ruminants; basic principles of
feeding dry, milking and pregnant animals; poultry industry and its importance, classes,
breeds and varieties of poultry and their characteristics; broiler management; layer
management; housing and equipments for poultry birds;types of brooders and brooding
requirements;selection, care and storage of hatching eggs; types of incubators and incubation
requirements;
Practical
Demonstration and identification of various breeds of livestock; male and female
reproductive organs; exercises on topics related to breeding and selection; body points of
animals; identification and application of various management tools; handling and
restraining of animals; grooming and cleaning of animals; various housing plans; milk
quality analyses; identification of feed samples; formulation of balanced ration for sheep,
goats, cattle and buffaloes; visit to livestock shows/farms; demonstration of different poultry
breeds; selection of hatching eggs, handling of incubators and brooders; handling of various
farm equipments; various managemental practices at poultry farm.
Books Recommended
1. Banerjee, G. C. 1998. A Textbook of Animal Husbandry. Oxford and IBH Publ, Co.,
New Delhi, India.
2. Lasley, J.F. 1987. Genetics of Livestock Improvement. Prentice-Hall International Inc.
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
3. Haq, A. and M. Akhtar. 2004. Poultry Farming. Higher Education Commission of
Pakistan. H-9, Islamabad, Pakistan.
4. Khan, B. B., M. Yaqoob, M. Riaz, M. Younas and A. Iqbal. 2004. Livestock
Management Manual. Department of Livestock Management, University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad.
5. Khan B.B. , M. Younas, M. Riaz and M. Yaqoob. 2005. Breeds of Livestock in Pakistan.
Pak TM Printers Faisalabad, Pakistan.
6. McDonald, P., R.A. Edwards, J.F.D. Greenhalf and C.A. Morgan. 2008. Animal
Nutrition. Longman Scientific and Technical Publishers, UK.
7. Shah, S.I. 1994. Animal Husbandry. National Book Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan.
8. Phillips, C. Principles of Cattle Production: 2nd Ed. ISBN: 9781845933975
AGRO-101 BASIC AGRICULTURE 3(2-1)
Objective
To provide the basic knowledge and background about Pakistan’s Agriculture.
Theory Agriculture, history, importance, branches and allied sciences. Salient features of Pakistan's
agriculture. Climate, land and water resources.Agro ecological zones of Pakistan.Farming
systems. Tillage: objectives and types. Seed: types and quality. Crop nutrients, manures and
6
fertilizers, sources and methods of application. Irrigation: systems, types and management.
Crop protection measures.Crop rotation. Harvesting, processing, storage and marketing of
farm produce. Agro-based industries.Environmental pollution and health hazards.
Practical Land measuring units; Demonstration of hand tools and tillage implements; Identification of
meteorological instruments; Identification of crop plants, weeds and seeds; Identification of
organic and inorganic fertilizers; Calculation of nutrient-cum-fertilizer unit value;
Demonstration of various irrigation methods; Field visits.
Books Recommended 1. Abbas, M. A. 2006. General Agriculture. Emporium Urdu Bazar, Lahore.
2. Balasubramaniyan. 2004. Principles and Practices of Agronomy. Agro bios, Jodhpur,
India.
3. Khalil, I.A and A. Jan. 2002. Cropping Technology. National Book Foundation,
Islamabad.
4. Khan S.R.A. 2001. Crop Management in Pakistan with Focus on Soil and Water.
Directorate of Agricultural Information, Punjab, Lahore.
5. Nazir, M.S., E. Bashir and R. Bantel. (Eds.) 1994. Crop Production. National Book
Foundation, Islamabad.
6. Qureshi, M.A. M.A. Zia and M.S. Qureshi. 2006. Pakistan Agriculture Management and
Development. A-One Publisher, Urdu Bazar, Lahore.
7. Asif, M. 2013. Crop Production. Publisher: In Tech, under CC BY 3.0 license.
8. Cheema, Z.A. and M. Farooq. 2007. Agriculture in Pakistan. Allied Book Centre, Urdu
Bazar, Lahore.
BIO-101 BIOLOGY 3(2-1)
Objective To provide the basic knowledge about Biology and its major fields of specialization.
Theory Biology and its major fields of specialization; Biological molecules (carbohydrates, proteins,
fats, nucleic acid); DNA structure; Viruses, Bacteria; Introduction to fungi and importance of
fungi; Animal cell, Plant cell; Mitosis, Meiosis; Kingdom plantae: classification of plants, life
cycle of gymnosperms, life cycle of angiosperms, economic importance of angiospermic
families (rosaceae, solanaceae, fabaceae, mimosaceae); Fruit formation: Types of fruits;
Photosynthesis and its mechanism; Importance of Nematodes, Annelids and Arthropods;
Nutrition (methods, association of plant feeding medium, digestion of food); Plant products
of economic importance; Useful herbs and medicinal plants; Animal products of economic
importance
Practical 1. Plant identification (Monocots and Dicots);
2. Demonstration, drawing and labeling of various parts of plants (seeds, leaves, stems,
roots);
3. Types of inflorescence (Racemos and Cymose), Study of parts of flowers and fruits;
4. Identification and sketching of labeled diagrams of different groups of animals
(Nematodes, Annelids, Arthropods, Fish, Birds, Reptiles, Mammals)
Books Recommended
1. Campbell N.A, J.B.Reece, L.A. Urry, M. L. Cain, S. A. Wasserman, P. V. Minorsky and
R. B. Jackson. 2009. Biology. 8th ed. Pearson, London.
7
2. Beck,C.B.1988.Origen and evolution of Gymnosperms,Columbia university press New
York
3. Foster,A.S and Gifford ,E.M.Jr 1998.Comparative Morphology of Vascular Plants.W.H
Freeman and Co
4. Jones ,D.1983 cycadales of the World,Washington.D.C
5. Mauseth , J.D. 1998.An introduction to plant Biology, Multimedia Enhanced ,Jones and
Bartlett pub UK
6. Moore , R.C., W.d Clarke and vodopich,D.S 1998,Botany McGraw .Hill company ,USA
7. Taylor ,T.N.and Taylor,E.D 1987.the biology and evolution of fossil plants ,pretence
Hall.
8. Erdtman , G 1954.An instruction to pollen analysis 2nd edition .Ronald Press ,New York.
9. Raven ,P.H.Evert,R.E.and Eichhorn , S.E.1999,Biology of Plants, W.H.Freeman and
company Worth Publishers
10. Ray,P.M. Steeves,T.A and Fultz , T.A 1998.Botany saunders college Publishing ,USA
MATH-101 MATHEMATICS 3(3-0)
Objective To prepare the students, not majoring in mathematics, with the essential tools of algebra to
apply the concepts and the techniques in their respective disciplines.
Theory
Preliminaries: Real-number system, complex numbers, introduction to sets, set operations,
functions, types of functions.
Matrices: Introduction to matrices, types, matrix inverse, determinants, system of linear
equations, Cramer’s rule.
Quadratic Equations: Solution of quadratic equations, qualitative analysis of roots of a
quadratic equations, equations reducible to quadratic equations, cube roots of unity, relation
between roots and coefficients of quadratic equations.
Sequences and Series: Arithmetic progression, geometric progression, harmonic progression.
Binomial Theorem: Introduction to mathematical induction, binomial theorem with rational
and irrational indices.
Trigonometry: Fundamentals of trigonometry, trigonometric identities.
Books Recommended
1. Dolciani MP, Wooton W, Beckenback EF, Sharron S, Algebra 2 and Trigonometry, 1978,
Houghton & Mifflin
2. Kaufmann JE, College Algebra and Trigonometry, 1987, PWS-Kent Company, Boston
3. Swokowski EW, Fundamentals of Algebra and Trigonometry (6th edition), 1986, PWS-
Kent Company, Boston
CS-101 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
3(2-1)
Objective
After completing this course, a student will be able to understand different terms associated
with information and communication technologies. A student will also be able to identify
various components of a computer system and various categories of software and their usage.
Theory
Information Technology. People and communication. Computer System. Hardware and
Software. I/O devices. Introduction to Windows and its different operations. Introduction to
8
Microsoft Word, Excel and power point. File, Insert, View, Format, Tools, operations (create,
open, save, close etc), Editing operations (cut, copy, paste etc), Different types of views,
Inserting operations, Worksheet formatting, Utilities, Data sorting & validations. Introduction
to SPSS and its uses, file operations, Getting help, Data Editing features, Different Viewing
patterns, Data processing, Data Transformation, Data Analysis, Graph theory, Utilities for
Analysis, use of software for data analysis. Managing Windows. Bioinformatics. Internet
Address, DNS, WWW, Web Browser, URL, Web Server, Search Engine, Type of web Pages,
Web Casting, E-Commerce, Web Publishing, E-mail, Newsgroup & message board, Mailing
List & Chat Rooms; SAS; Enterprise Computing.
Practical
All the above contents will cover the theory as well as practical
Books Recommended 1. Gary, B. S., T. J. Cashman, G. A. Waggoner and W. C. Waggoner. 2004. Using
Computers: A Gateway to Information World Wide Web Edition. Shelly Cashman Series,
Boyd and Fraser Publishing Co. Washington.
2. Greg P. 2004. Microsoft Office XP. Techmedia New Delhi - 110002
3. Kendrick, J. R. 2000. Social Statistics An Introduction Using SPSS for Windows.
Mayfield Publishing Co. London
ENG-101 STUDY SKILLS 3(3-0)
Objective The aim of this course is to groom the students linguistically in such a manner that they can
operate independently on a reliable measure of communicative competence in the twin
productive skills of speech and writing. This course also aims to train students in acquiring all
the study skills required to cope efficiently not only with the challenges of the English
language but also with the demands of other subjects written in the English language which
need to be dealt with at optimal level of efficiency.
Theory
General Study Skills: Getting organized and knowing one’s target; Dictionary skills; Using
the library and internet; Remembering and learning; Techniques for reading; Critical
thinking; Tackling a book.
Specific Writing Skills: Note-taking from lectures and books; Brainstorming; Outlining and
summarizing; Paragraph writing and essay writing; Dealing with examination.
Specific Oral Skills: Discussion in tutorials; Effective classroom interaction; Giving a
presentation; Taking part in seminars.
Books Recommended
1. Wallace M. 1980. Study skills in English. CUP.
2. Lagan J. 1981. English skills. McGraw Hill Book Co.
3. O’ Brien and Jordan. 1985. Developing References Skills. Collins.
4. Price-Machado D. 1998. Skills for Success. CUP.
IS-101 ISLAMIC STUDIES 2(2-0)
Objective This course is aimed at:
1 To provide Basic information about Islamic Studies
2 To enhance understanding of the students regarding Islamic Civilization
3 To improve Students skill to perform prayers and other worships
4 To enhance the skill of the students for understanding of issues related to faith and
religious life.
9
Theory
Introduction to Quranic Studies
1) Basic Concepts of Quran
2) History of Quran
3) Uloom-ul -Quran
Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran-I
1) Verses of Surah Al-Baqra Related to Faith(Verse No-284-286)
2) Verses of Surah Al-Hujrat Related to Adab Al-Nabi
(Verse No-1-18)
3) Verses of Surah Al-Mumanoon Related to Characteristics of faithful (Verse No-1-11)
4) Verses of Surah al-Furqan Related to Social Ethics (Verse No.63-77)
5) Verses of Surah Al-Inam Related to Ihkam(Verse No-152-154)
Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran-II
1) Verses of Surah Al-Ihzab Related to Adab al-Nabi (Verse No.6,21,40,56,57,58.)
2) Verses of Surah Al-Hashar (18,19,20) Related to thinking, Day of Judgment
3) Verses of Surah Al-Saf Related to Tafakar,Tadabar (Verse No-1,14)
Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W)-I
1) Life of Muhammad Bin Abdullah ( Before Prophet Hood)
2) Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Makkah
3) Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Makkah
Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W)-II
1) Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Madina
2) Important Events of Life Holy Prophet in Madina
3) Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Madina
Introduction To Sunnah
1) Basic Concepts of Hadith
2) History of Hadith
3) Kinds of Hadith
4) Uloom –ul-Hadith
5) Sunnah & Hadith
6) Legal Position of Sunnah
7) Selected Study from Text of Hadith
Introduction To Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
1) Basic Concepts of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
2) History & Importance of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
3) Sources of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
4) Nature of Differences in Islamic Law
5) Islam and Sectarianism
Islamic Culture & Civilization
1) Basic Concepts of Islamic Culture & Civilization
2) Historical Development of Islamic Culture & Civilization
3) Characteristics of Islamic Culture & Civilization
4) Islamic Culture & Civilization and Contemporary Issues
Islam & Science
1) Basic Concepts of Islam & Science
2) Contributions of Muslims in the Development of Science
3) Quranic & Science
Islamic Economic System
1) Basic Concepts of Islamic Economic System
10
2) Means of Distribution of wealth in Islamic Economics
3) Islamic Concept of Riba
4) Islamic Ways of Trade & Commerce
Political System of Islam
1) Basic Concepts of Islamic Political System
2) Islamic Concept of Sovereignty
3) Basic Institutions of Govt. in Islam
Islamic History
1) Period of Khlaft-E-Rashida
2) Period of Ummayyads
3) Period of Abbasids
Social System of Islam
1) Basic Concepts of Social System of Islam
2) Elements of Family
3) Ethical Values of Islam
Books Recommended
1) Hameed ullah Muhammad, “Emergence of Islam” , IRI, Islamabad
2) Hameed ullah Muhammad, “Muslim Conduct of State”
3) Hameed ullah Muhammad, ‘Introduction to Islam
4) Hussain Hamid Hassan, “An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Law” leaf Publication
Islamabad, Pakistan.
5) Ahmad Hasan, “Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence” Islamic Research Institute,
International Islamic University, Islamabad (1993)
6) Mir Waliullah, “Muslim Jurisprudence and the Quranic Law of Crimes” Islamic Book
Service (1982)
7) H.S. Bhatia, “Studies in Islamic Law, Religion and Society” Deep & Deep Publications
New Delhi (1989)
8) Dr. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, “Introduction to Al Sharia Al Islamia” Allama Iqbal Open
University, Islamabad (2001)
SSH-101 ETHICS 2(2-0)
Objective This course not only aims to provide basic knowledge about ethical values to the students but
also to enhance their skill for understanding of issues related to faith and religious life.
Theory Definition and scope of ethics: relation of ethics to psychology, metaphysics and relegation.
A brief review of major theories of the moral standard: The standard as law, The standard as
happiness, The standard as perfection. Promotion of Moral Values in society through family
and various educational and cultural institutions; concept of good and evil; freedom and
responsibility; various theories of punishment. Ethical teachings of world religions with
special reference to Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism and Islam. 100 ethical precepts from the
Quran and the sayings of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Islam’s attitudes towards minorities.
Books Recommended
1. Lillie, William, An Introduction to Ethics, 1957.
2. Mackenzie, J.A., A Manual of Ethics, Latest editions University Tutorial Press Ltd.,
London.
3. Sidgwick Henry, The Methods of Ethics, 1963, MacMillan & Co. Ltd., London.
4. Proceedings of the Islamic Collequim, Lahore, 1957.
5. Syed Abul Aala Maudoodi, Islamic Riyasat, Islamic Publications Ltd., 13-E, Shah Alam
11
6. Gaer, Joseph, What the Great Religions Believe, 1984, The New American Library, New
York.
7. Dr. Mazhar U. Kazi, A Treasury of Hadith, 1991, Ferozeson (Pvt.) Ltd., Lahore.
SEMESTER-II
AGRO-102 GENERAL CROP PRODUCTION 3(2-1)
Objective
To acquaint the students with the basic concepts of Agronomy and crop production
Theory Concept of crop production.Classification of field crops. Cropping scheme, Cropping
patterns, Cropping systems, Cropping intensity. Production technology of major field crops:
cereals (wheat, rice, maize, barley), sugar crops (sugarcane, sugar beet), fiber crops (cotton,
jute) oil seed crops (i-Traditional: rapes and mustards, groundnut, linseed, sesame,
castorbean; ii-Non-traditional: sunflower, soybean, safflower), grain legumes, (chickpea,
lentil, green gram, black gram) fodders (berseem, lucern, oats, sorghums, millets, mott grass,
cowpea), special crops (tobacco). Green manure crops (Guara, Dhancha.Pigeon pea, Senji
etc.).
Practical
Identification of crops and their seeds.Demonstration of improved sowing methods of
crops.Delinting of cotton seed. Raising of crop nurseries and transplanting. Intercultural
practices. Seed Inoculation.Seed treatment with fungicides.Demonstration of harvesting and
threshing operations. Field visits.
Books Recommended
1. Abass, M. A. 2006. General Agriculture. Emporium Urdu Bazar, Lahore.
2. Balasubramaniyan. 2004. Principles and Practices of Agronomy. Agrobios, Jodhpur,
India.
3. Khalil, I.A. and A. Jan. 2002. Cropping Technology. National Book Foundation,
Islamabad.
4. Kirkham, M.B. (Editor). 2004. Water Use in Crop Production. Narosa Publishing House
Pvt. Ltd. New Dehli, India.
5. Martin, J.H. R.P. Waldren and D.L. Stamp. 2006. Principles of Field Crop Production 4th
Ed. The McMillan Co., New York.
6. Michael, A. M. 1990. Irrigation theory and practices. 2nd Ed., Vikas Pub. House Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
7. Nazir, M.S., E. Bashir and R. Bantel. (Eds.) 1994. Crop Production. Ed. E. Bashir & R.
Bantel. National Book Foundation, Islamabad.
8. Reddy, .S.R. 2004. Principles of Crop Production. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
AE-102 INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 3(3-0)
Objective
After completing the course, students will develop understanding of the basic concepts of
economics and their application in agriculture.
Theory
Definitions and overview of economics and related terms; Subject Matter & Scope; Theory of
consumer behavior; Scale of preferences; Utility, Indifference Curve & related concepts;
Demand & Supply analysis; Elasticity of Demand and Supply; Market Equilibrium. Production,
factors of production, laws of return and their significance in agriculture; Concept of
12
macroeconomics; approaches to national income estimation; Growth, Unemployment &
Inflation; Important macroeconomic issues in agriculture sector of Pakistan.
Text Books
1. Penson, J. B., Capps O. Rossen C. P., & Woodward, R. (2013). Introduction to Agricultural
Economics. 5th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
2. Samuelson, P. A., & Nordhaus, W. D. (2009). Economics. 19th Edition. New York:
McGraw Hills.
3. McConnel, C.R; Brue, S.L and Flynn, S.M. (2011). Economics: Principles, Problems and
Policies 19th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hills.
Suggested Readings
1. Mankiw, N. Gregory. (2011). Principles of Economics. 5th Edition. Mason: South-Western
Cangage learning Publisher.
2. Penson, J. B., Capps, O., Rossen C. P., & Woodward, R. (2013). Introduction to
Agricultural Economics. 5th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
3. Cramer, G., Jensen C. W., & Southgate, D. D. (2001). Agricultural Economics and
Agribusiness. 8th Edition. Wiley Publisher.
4. Pakistan, Government of. Economic Survey of Pakistan (Various Issues), Economics
Advisor Wing, Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan.
FST-102 INTRODUCTION TO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
3(2-1)
Theory Introduction: food science, food technology, relationship with other disciplines, career
opportunities. Significance of food science and technology. Global and national food and
nutrition situation. Food industry: history, developments, important food industries in
Pakistan. Food sources: plants, animals, marine. Food constituents and their functions: water,
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals. Classification of foods: perishability, pH.
Food spoilage agents: enzymes, microorganisms, pests, physical factors. Principles of food
preservation: prevention or delay of autolysis, microorganisms, pests, physical defects.
Practical Use of laboratory equipments. Estimation of moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrates, fiber and
ash in food samples. Determination of soluble solids, total solids, pH, acidity, total sugars,
specific gravity, refractive index and peroxide value.
Recommended Books 1. Potter, N.N. and Hotchkiss, J.H. 2007. Food science. The AVI Pub. Co. Inc.,
Westport, Connecticut, USA.
2. M. Shafiur Rahman. 2007. Handbook of Food Preservation. 2nd Edition. CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton,
FL 33487-2742.
3. Anilkumar G. Gaonkar.2007. Food Processing: Recent Developments. Academic
Press is an imprint of Elsevier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803,
USA.
4. Awan, J.A. 2005. Food science and technology. Unitech Communications,
13
Faisalabad- Pakistan.
5. M. Shafiur Rahman. 2007. Handbook of Food Preservation. 2nd Edition. CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton,
FL 33487-2742.
SES-102 INTRODUCTION TO SOIL SCIENCE-II 3(2-1)
Objective
This course is the continuity of course taught in first semester designed to introduce the
concept and importance of soil science for agriculture students at under-graduate level.
Theory
1. Soil colloids and clays: description and environmental significance
2. Sources of charges on soil colloids
3. Cation and anion exchange properties of soil and their significance; basic cation
saturation percentage
4. Soil pH and its importance
5. Buffering of soil
6. Soil organic matter: sources, composition and significance
7. Elements essential for plant growth: macro and micro nutrients, organic and inorganic
fertilizers
8. Salt-affected and waterlogged soils: types, reclamation and management
9. Soil erosion: causes and remedies: soil and water conservation
10. Environmental impact of agricultural and industrial wastes
Practical
1. Fertilizers: Identification, composition and calculation of nutrient percentage
2. Fertilizer analysis for N, P and K
3. Soil analysis for EC and pH
4. Determination of soil organic matter
Books Recommended
1. Bashir, E. and R. Bantel. 2001. Soil Science. National Book Foundation, Islamabad.
2. Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2007. The Nature and Properties of Soils. 14th Ed. Pearson
Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.
3. Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2009. Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. 3rd
Ed. Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.
4. Hillel, D. 2008. Soil in the Environment: Crucible of Terrestrial Life. Elsevier Inc.,
Burlington, MA, USA.
5. Singer, M.J. and D.N. Munns. 2002. Soils- An Introduction. 5th ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.
FOR-102 INTRODUCTION TO FOREST AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
3(2-1)
Objective
To acquaint the students with basic knowledge of forestry and forest resources of Pakistan
and principles used in watershed management
Theory
1. Introduction to Forest and watershed management.
2. Forest resources of Pakistan (description, composition, distribution and status) in
different ecological zones.
3. Importance of these natural resources of Pakistan.
4. Constraints and problems in natural resource management.
5. Principles of sustainable forest management.
14
6. Forestry practices (Agroforestry, social forestry etc.).
7. Principles of Watershed Management.
8. Watersheds of various streams/rivers of Pakistan, their area, distribution, land use
patterns, past history, climatic, physiographic, ecological and socio-economic features.
9. Hydrological cycle.
10. Management problems and potentials of various watersheds, afforestation programmes.
11. Watershed as a source of power generation and irrigation.
12. Watershed research and education.
Practical
1. Identification of important forest tree species
2. Visits to various forest types and watershed areas.
3. Watershed measurements (instruments, area, drainage, flow etc.).
Books Recommended 1. Franzel, S.; Scherr, S.J. 2001. Trees on the Farm. CAB International.
2. Champion, H.G. et al. 1967. Manual of Silviculture for Pakistan. Pakistan Forest
Institute, Peshawar.
3. Quraishi, M. A. A. 1999. Basics of Forestry and Allied Sciences. A-One Publishers,
Urdu Bazar, Lahore.
4. Sharpe, G. W., Chare W. Hendee and Wenonah F. Sharpe. 1986. Introduction to
Forestry. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.
5. Sheikh, M.I. 1999. Forests and Forestry in Pakistan. A-One Publishers, Urdu Bazar,
Lahore.
6. Quraishi, M.A.A. 2002. Watershed Management in Pakistan. Department of Forestry.
UAF.
7. Singh, S.P. and Singh J.S. 1992. Forests of Himalaya. Nainital, Gtanodaya Prakashan.
8. Quraishi, M.A.A. and M.T. Siddiqui. 2002. Practical manual of watershed management.
Department of Forestry. UAF.
9. Siddiqui, M.T., R.Sands and A.H. Shah. 2009. Glossary of forestry terms. Pulschay
Publishers. Faisalabad.
AEE-102 INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL
DEVELOPMENT 3(3-0)
Objectives:
At the completion of this course, the students will be able:
To define the concepts of agricultural extension and rural development
To describe the principles of effective extension work
To study the organizational structure of agricultural extension in Pakistan
To study diffusion and adoption of agricultural innovations
To describe concepts of program planning and its importance in agricultural extension
and rural development work
Theory:
Agricultural extension; its definition, objectives and importance, Types of education, Brief
history/recent trends in agricultural extension, Organizational setup of agricultural extension
in Pakistan, Rural development, its definition/concept, objectives, importance and indicators,
Elements of rural development process. Rural development through agricultural extension
work in Pakistan, Characteristics and problems of Pakistani farmers, Current issues and
problems of rural development and extension work in Pakistan. Roles and duties of extension
workers at various organizational levels, Extension programs and activities since 1947 to date
15
in Pakistan, role of communication and ICT in Extension and Rural Development work,
Principles of effective extension work. Adoption and diffusion of agricultural innovations,
Agricultural Technology and its application for Pakistani farmers, Extension, research and
farmers linkages, Basic concept of planning, monitoring and evaluation in Agricultural
Extension.
Books Recommended
1. Ray, G.L. 2006. Extension Communication and Management. Kalyani Publishers.
2. Narasaiah, M.L. 2003. Approaches to Rural Development. Discovery Publishing
House New Delhi (India).
3. Ison, R. & Russell, D. (Eds.) 2004. Agricultural Extension and rural Development:
Breaking out of Knowledge Transfer Traditions. Cambridge University Press.
4. Bashir, E. (Ed.). 2005. Extension Methods (2nd Edition). National Book Foundation,
Islamabad.
5. Ison, R and David, R. 2000. Agricultural Extension and Rural Development: Breaking
Out of Knowledge. Cambridge University Press.
6. Leeuwis, C. and Van den Ban, A. 2004. Communication for rural Innovation:
Rethinking Agricultural Extension (3rd Edition) Wiley-Blackwell.
SSH-102 PAKISTAN STUDIES 2(2-0)
Objective The course aims to develop vision among the students about historical perspective,
government, politics, contemporary Pakistan, ideological background of Pakistan.
Theory
Two Nation Theory and Ideology of Pakistan
1. Historical background of creation of Pakistan
2. Two Nation Theory in its historical context, definition and interpretations
3. Quaid-e-Azam and his political ideas
Political Dynamics of Pakistan
1. Constitutional Development in Pakistan 1947-73
2. Salient features of Constitution of Pakistan 1973
3. Institutions of Pakistan: Political Parties, Bureaucracy, Army, Judiciary
and Media
4. Problems of Pakistan as a federal state
Socio-Economic Issues of Pakistan
1. Economical Problem
2. Social and Demographic Issues
Diplomatic Dynamics of Pakistan
1. Determinants and objectives of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy
2. Pakistan’s relations with its neighboring countries
3. Pakistan and the Muslim World
4. Comprehensive review of foreign policy of Pakistan
Books Recommended
1. Ikram SM. 2008. Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan. Delhi.
2. Saeed KB. 2008. Pakistan the Formative Phase. Karachi.
3. Qureshi IH. 2007. Struggle for Pakistan. University of Karachi.
4. Khan H. 2009. Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan. Pak Book Lahore.
16
5. Ali K. 2005. The Political Economy of Rural Development. Sang-e-Meel, Lahore.
6. Afzal MR. 2008. Political Parties in Pakistan. Historical Research Society, Islamabad.
7. Agha S. Pakistan’s Economy and Foreign Policy.
SEMESTER-III
PBG-201 INTRODUCTORY GENETICS 3(2-1)
Objectives
To enable students to understand:
Basic concepts of genetics
Mechanism of heredity
Chemical and molecular nature of nucleic acids
Theory
Definition of genetics, concepts of heredity and variation. Cell and cell divisions. Mendelian
genetics: chromosome theory of heredity, various genotypic and phenotypic ratios and their
modifications. Differences between allelic and non-allelic interactions (epistasis), illustration
of epistasis with suitable examples. Pleiotropy and multiple allelism. Multiple factor
hypothesis. Linkage and crossing over. Sex determination: sex linked and sex influenced
traits. Chromosomal aberrations. Nucleic acids: nature, structure and function. Classical vs
modern concepts of gene.
Practical
Study of cell divisions and gametogenesis. Calculation of monohybrid and dihybrid ratios.
Numerical examples relating to gene interaction, multiple alleles and multiple factor
inheritance. Calculation of linkage from test cross and F2
data.
Recommended Books
1. Singh, B.D. 2004. Genetics. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India.
2. Klug, W.S. and M. R. Cummings. 2003. Concepts of Genetics. (7th
ed.), Pearson
Education, Singapore.
3. Singh, P. 2003. Elements of Genetics. (2nd
ed.) Kalyani Publishers, Delhi, India.
4. Stansfield, W.D. 1988 Theory and Problems of Genetics. 4thed. McGraw-Hill Book Co,
NY.
5. Khan I.A. F.M. Azhar, Z. Ali and A.A. Khan. 2008. Solving Numerical Genetic
Problems. Dept. Plant Breed. Genet. Uni. Agri. Faisalabad.
World Wide Web
http://anthro.palomar.edu/mendel/mendel_1.htm
ENT-201 INTRODUCTORY ENTOMOLOGY 3(2-1)
Objectives
The students would be able to;
1. Know about arthropods and especially insects with their morphological features
2. Identify insects of economic importance and acquire working skills for collecting,
mounting, and preserving insects
Theory
17
Introduction; phylum Arthropoda and its classification; morphology, anatomy and physiology
of a typical insect, metamorphosis and its types; insect classification, salient characters of
insect orders; families of economic importance with examples of each family
Practical
Characters of classes of Arthropoda; collection and preservation of insects; morphology and
dissection of a typical insect (digestive, reproductive, excretory, nervous, circulatory and
tracheal systems); temporary mounts of different types of appendages of insects;
Observations for types of metamorphosis
Recommended Books
1. Ahmad, I. 2010. Hashriat “Insects”. National Book Foundation, Lahore
2. Awastheir, V.B. 2009. Introduction to General and Applied Entomology. Scientific
Publisher, Jodhpur, India.
3. Dhaliwal, G.S. 2007. An Outline of Entomology. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
4. Elzinga, R.J. 2003. Fundamentals of Entomology. Prentice Hall.
5. Lohar, M.K. 2001. Introductory Entomology. Department of Entomology, Sindh
Agriculture University Tandojam Sindh, Pakistan.
6. Richards, O.W. and Davies, R. G. 2004. Imm’s General Text-book of Entomology, Vol. I.
and II, 10th Ed. Chapman & Hall, London, N.Y.
7. Triplehorn, C.A. and Jhonson, N.F. 2005. Borror and DeLong’s Introduction to the study
of Insects. Brooks Cole. 7th Ed.
8. Trigunayat, M.M. 2009. A Manual of Practical Entomology. 2nd Edition Scientific
Publisher (India) Judhupur.
9. Yousuf, M. Tayyab, M. and Shazia, Y. 2007. Manual of Introductory Entomology,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
PP-201 INTRODUCTION TO PLANT PATHOGENS 3(2-1)
Objective
To acquaint students with basic concepts and identification of plant pathogens.
Theory
Introduction; economic importance; general characteristics (morphology, reproduction and
ecology); Identification of plant pathogens including fungi, prokaryotes, viruses, viroids,
nematodes, fungus like organisms and phanerogamic parasites, taxonomic position of
economically important plant pathogens.
Practical
Orientation of laboratory equipments; sterilization of glassware, preparation of media and
isolation of different plant pathogens; study of characteristics of various plant pathogens
through slides, live specimens and their comparative account/study
Recommended Books: 1. Agrios, G.N. 2005. Plant Pathology, 5th edition. Academic Press, New York, USA.
2. Ahmad, I., and A.R .Bhutta. 2005. Textbook of introductory Plant Pathology. Publisher
NBF, 397 pp.
3. Alexopoulos, C.J., C.W. Mims and M. Blackwell. 1996. Introductory Mycology. 4th
edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, USA
4. Bos, L. 1999. Plant Viruses: Unique and Intriguing Pathogens: A textbook of Plant
Virology. Backhuys Publishers.
5. Mehrotra, R.S. and A. Agarwal. 2003. Plant Pathology. 2nd Edition. TATA McGraw-Hill.
Pub. Company Ltd. New Delhi.
6. Ravichandra, N.G. 2013. Fundamentals of Plant Pathology. Prentice Hall of India
Pvt.,Ltd.
18
7. Trigiano, R.N., M.T. Windham and A.S. Windham. 2008. Plant Pathology: Concepts and
Laboratory Exercises. 2nd edition. CRC Press.
8. Vidhyasekram, P. 2004. Concise Encyclopedia of Plant Pathology. Food product Press
and Haworth Press Inc. Binghamton, New York, USA.
HORT-201 INTRODUCTORY HORTICULTURE 3(2-1)
Objectives
To enable the students to understand the basics of Horticulture.
Theory
Introduction, history, importance and future scope, Definition and divisions of horticulture,
Classification of horticultural crops, Plant parts, their modifications and functions, Plant
environment; climate (temperature, light, humidity etc) and soil (structure, texture, fertility
etc), Phases of plant growth, Propagation of horticultural plants.
Practical
Visit of nurseries, commercial gardens and public parks. Identification and nomenclature of
important fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants; Garden tools and their uses, Media and its
preparation.Techniques of propagation.
Learning Outcomes
Students must be able to prepare media, identify and propagate important horticultural plants
Books recommended
1 Chadha, K.L. 2006. Handbook of Horticulture (6th Ed.). ICAR, New Delhi, India.
2 Christopher, E. P. 2012. Introductory Horticulture. Biotech books, new Dehli, India.
3 Carrol,L., J.R.Shry and H.E. Reily. 2011. Introductory Horticulture (8th Ed.) Delmar-
Thomson Learning , Albany, USA
4 Hartmann, H.T., D.E. Kester, E.T. Davies and R.L. Geneve. 2009. Plant Propagation–
Principles and Practices (7th Ed.).Prentice-Hall India Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
India.
5 Malik, M.N. 1994. Horticulture. National Book Foundations, Islamabad.
6 Peter, K.V. 2009. Basics of Horticulture. New India publishing Agency, New Dehli,
India.
7 Reiley, H.E., C.L. Shry (Jr). 2004. Introductory Horticulture (6th Ed.). Delmar- Thomson
Learning, Albany, USA.
8 Reddy, R. and Shanker J.P.A. 2008.Horticulture.Commonwealth Publishers.
9 Sharma, R.R. 2002. Propagation of Horticultural Crops: Principles and Practices. Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana, New Delhi, India.
FOR-201 INTRODUCTION TO RANGELANDS AND WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT 3(2-1)
Objective
To acquaint students with basic knowledge of Rangelands and grasses grown in them and
importance of these areas for being habitat of different wildlife species
19
Theory
1. Introduction to Rangelands, scope and importance.
2. Basic terminology
3. Components of Rangelands
4. Constraints and problems of rangelands.
5. Rangeland Resources of Pakistan; ecological zones and vegetation types.
6. Range ecosystem
7. Principles of Rangeland Management.
8. Grazing systems of the world
9. Grazing systems and grazing pattern in Pakistan.
10. Range improvement techniques.
11. Wildlife: Definition and values,
12. Ecosystem concept, characteristics and management requirements for regional eco-
systems in Pakistan including arid, wetland, forest, mountain and coastal ecosystems.
13. Introduction to protected areas (National Park, Game Reserve and Wildlife Sanctuary).
14. Introduction to National Parks of Pakistan.
Practical 1. Identification and preservation of important Grasses and Plant species of a rangeland.
2. Visits to various Rangeland types and Plantations.
3. Quantitative analysis of range vegetation.
4. Identification of important wildlife species.
Books Recommended
1. Vallentine, John, F. 2000. Grazing Management. Academic Press (Elsevier Science &
Technology Books).
2. Holechek, J. et al., 1989. Range Management, Principles and Practices. Prentice Hall,
Inc. Newberry. USA.
3. Quraishi, M. A. A., G.S. Khan and M. S. Yaqoob. 1993. Range Management in
Pakistan, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
4. Mohammad, N. 1989. Rangeland Management in Pakistan. NARC Published by
ICIMOD.
5. Stoddard, L.A., A.D. Smith and T.W. Box. 1975. Range Management. McGraw Hill
Book Co., New York.
6. Quraishi, M.A.A., M. Ishaque, 1995. Practical Manual of Range Management.
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
AE-201 AGRIBUSINESS, MARKETING AND TRADE 3(3-0)
Objective
After completing the course, students will be well equipped with the basic concepts of
Agribusiness and Trade.
Theory
Definition, concepts, Important features and scope of Agribusiness Management, Elements
and Functions of management; Forms of business organizations; Agribusiness financial
management; Agricultural Marketing; Marketing channels, functionaries and margins; Role
of agri. marketing in economic development; Agricultural marketing problems; The changing
world and interdependence; Basis of trade; gains from trade; Concept of absolute and
comparative advantage; pattern of trade; Brief introduction of major trade agreements.
Text Books
20
1. Kohls, R.L., UhI, J.N. & Hurt, C. (2007). Marketing of Agricultural Products. 10th
Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
2. Salvatore, D., (2007) International economics. 9th Edition. Wiley Publisher.
Suggested Readings 1. Hoekman, B. M., Mattoo, A., & English, P. (2002) Development, Trade and the WTO-A
Hand Book. Washington D.C: The World Bank.
2. Downey, W.D. & Erickson, S. P. (2002). Agribusiness Management. Singapore: McGraw
Hill Education.
STAT-201 STATISTICS-I 2 (2-0)
Objective The objective of this course is to impart basic and applied knowledge about statistics for
collection and description of data.
Theory
Definition and importance of Statistics in Agriculture, Data, Different types of data and
variables, Classification and Tabulation of data, Frequency distribution, stem-and-Leaf
diagram, Graphical representation of data Histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve.
Measure of Central tendency, Definition and calculation of Arithmetic mean, Geometric
mean, Harmonic mean, Median quantiles and Mode in grouped and ungrouped data.
Measure of Dispersion, Definition and Calculation of Range, quartile deviation, Mean
deviation, Standard deviation and variance, coefficient of variation. Simple linear regression
and correlation.
Books Recommended 1. Introduction to Statistical Theory Part- I by Sher Muhammad and Dr. Shahid Kamal
(2009)
2. Faquir M. 2000. Statistical Methods and Data Analysis. Kitab Markaz, Aminpur Bazar,
Faisalabad.
3. A. Concise Course in A. Level Statistic with world examples by J. Crawshaw and J.
Chambers (1994)
4. Basic Statistics an Inferential Approach 2nd Ed. (1986) Fran II. Dietrich-II and Thomes
J. Keans.
5. Zar JH. 2009. Biostatistical Analysis. 4th ed. Pearson Education, Inc. and Dorling
Kindersley Publishing Inc. (India).
21
SEMESTER-IV
PBG-202 INTRODUCTORY PLANT BREEDING 3(2-1)
Objectives
To make students to understand:
Basis of plant breeding
Reproductive mechanisms in major crops
Application of genetic principles in crop improvement
Breeding methods in self and cross pollinated crops
Theory
Introduction to plant breeding and its role in crop improvement. Reproductive systems in
major crop plants. Genetic variation and its exploitation, creation of variation through genetic
recombination, mutation and heteroploidy. Breeding self-pollinated crops: introduction, mass
selection, pure line selection; hybridization, pedigree method, bulk method and backcross
techniques. Breeding cross-pollinated crops: introduction, mass selection, recurrent selection,
development and evaluation of inbred lines, development of hybrids, synthetic and composite
populations. Breeding colonaly propagated crops.New trends in plant breeding.
Practical
Descriptive study of floral biology, scientific names, chromosome number and ploidy level of
important field crops. Selfing and crossing techniques in major crops. List of approved
varieties in major field crops. Field visits of different research organizations.
Recommended Books
1. Sleper, D. A. and J.M. Poehlman. 2006. Breeding Field Crops. (5thed.) Iowa
State University Press, Ames, USA.
2. Chahal, G.S. and S.S. Gosal. 2003. Principles and Procedures of Plant Breeding. Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
3. Singh, B. D. 2003. Plant Breeding: Principles and Methods. Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi, India.
4. Singh, P. 2003. Essentials of Plant Breeding. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India.
5. Khan, M.A (Editor). 1994. Plant Breeding. National Book Foundation, Islamabad.
6. Acquaah, G. 2009. Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding. John Wiley & Sons, UK.
ENT-202 APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY 3(2-1)
Objectives
The students would be able to;
1. Acquire knowledge of insect pests of crops, vegetables, fruits, stored grains and household
pests.
2. Identification of insect pests, their control methods and pesticide application equipments.
3. Introduction with entomological cottage industries.
4. Enhance the productivity of agricultural crops through insect pest control.
Theory
Introduction; causes of success and economic importance of insects; principles and methods
of insect control i.e. cultural, biological, physical, mechanical, reproductive, legislative,
chemical and bio-technological control; introduction to IPM; insecticides, their classification,
formulations and application equipments; identification, life histories, mode of damage and
22
control of important insect pests of various crops, fruits, vegetables, stored grains, household,
termites and locust; entomological industries: apiculture, sericulture and lac-culture.
Practical
Collection, identification and mode of damage of insect pests of various crops, fruits,
vegetables, stored grains and household; insecticide formulations, their dilutions and safe
handling; use of application equipments, practical instructions in apiculture, sericulture and
lac-culture.
Recommended Books
1. Atwal, A.S. 2005. Agricultural Pests of Southeast Asia and their Management. Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.
2. Awastheir, V.B. 2009. Introduction to General and Applied Entomology. Scientific
Publisher, Jodhpur, India.
3. Duncton, P.A. 2007. The Insect: Beneficial and Harmful Aspects. Kalyani Publishers
Ludhiana.
4. Lohar, M. K. 2001. Applied Entomology, 2nd Ed. Department of Entomology, Sindh
Agriculture University Tandojam Sindh, Pakistan.
5. Mathews, G.A. 2004. Pesticide Application Methods, 3rd. Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
N.Y.
6. Pedigo, L.P. 2007. Entomology and pest management 5th Ed. Prentice Hall, Intl. Limited,
London.
7. Pfadt, E.R. 1985. Fundamentals of Applied Entomology, 4th Ed. The McMillan Co., N. Y.
8. Robinson, D.H. 2006. Entomology Principles and Practices. Agro-bios.
9. Shah, H.A. and Saleem, M.A. 2002, Applied Entomology, 3rd Ed. Izhar sons Printers,
Lahore.
10. Srivastava, K.P. 2005. Text Book of Applied Entomology. Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi.
PP-202 INTRODUCTORY PLANT PATHOLOGY 3(2-1)
Objective
To acquaint students with basic concepts of Plant Pathology.
Theory
Introduction and history of plant pathology; basic characteristics of fungi, bacteria, viruses
and nematodes; concept of disease in plants; economic importance of plant diseases; nature
and cause of (biotic and abiotic) diseases; components of plant disease development;
diagnosis of plant diseases; principles of plant disease management; Introduction to IDM and
IPM; symptoms, etiology, mode of infection, disease cycle and management of representative
diseases of agricultural and horticultural crops.
Practical
Demonstration of lab equipments and reagents; collection, preservation and identification of
plant diseases based on symptoms; isolation and inoculation techniques; demonstration of
Koch’s postulates.
Recommended Books:
1. Agrios, G.N. 2005. Plant Pathology, 5th edition, Academic Press, New York, USA.
2. Ahmad, I. and A.R. Bhutta. 2005. A Text Book of Introductory Plant Pathology.
Published by National Book Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan.
3. Chaube, H.S. andR. Singh. 2002. Introductory Plant Pathology. International Book
Distributing Co.
4. Hafiz, A. 1986. Plant Diseases. Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad,
Pakistan.
23
5. Mathew, J.D. 2003. Molecular Plant Pathology. Bios Scientific Publishers Ltd. UK.
6. Mehrotra, R.S. and A. Agarwal. 2003. Plant Pathology, 2nd Edition. TATA McGraw-Hill.
Pub. Company Ltd. New Delhi.
7. Sambamurty, A.V.S.S. 2006. A Text Book of Plant Pathology. I.K. International Pvt. Ltd.
8. Schumann, G.L. and C.J. D'Arcy. 2010. Essential Plant Pathology. APS Press. 369.PP.
9. Strange, R.N. 2003. Introduction to Plant Pathology. John Willey & Sons, New York.
HORT-202 HORTICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION 3(2-1)
Objectives
To make students familiar with production technology of important horticultural crops.
Theory
Establishment of orchards, vegetable farms and ornamental gardens; site selection, layout
methods, wind breaks and their role. Management practices; irrigation, manures and
fertilizers, training and pruning, cultivation and weed control. Climate, soil, propagation,
rootstocks, cultivars, important pests, harvesting, post-harvest handling and marketing of
important horticultural crops (fruits, vegetables and ornamentals) of the region.
Practical
Practice in layout methods, Selection of plants from nursery, propagation methods. Planting
and after care. Production techniques and identification of important cultivars of horticultural
crops of the region.
Learning Outcomes Students are expected to grow different horticultural crops of the region
Books recommended 1 Acquaah, G. 2009. Horticulture: Principles and Practices (4th Ed.). Prentice-Hall India
Learning Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.
2 Adams, C. R., K.M. Bamford and M. P. Early. 2012. Principles of Horticulture (6th Ed.).
Routledge, new yark, USA.
3 Ingles, J. 2009.Ornamental Horticulture. Delmar 5 Maxwell Drive, Cifton, Park, New
York.
4 Dhaliwal, M.S. 2008. Handbook of Vegetable Crop. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, New
Delhi, India.
5 Malik, M.N. 1994. Horticulture, National Book Foundation, Islamabad.
6 Singh, B. 2007.Horticulture at a Glance.Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, New Delhi, India.
7 Chottopadhay, T.K. 2000. A Textbook on Pomology, Vol: II. Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi.
8 Laurie, A. and V.H. Ries. 2004. Floriculture: Fundamentals and Practices. Agrobios
(India), Jodhpur, India.
9 Pradeepkumar, T., B. Suma, Jyothibhaskar, K.N. Satheesan, K.V. Peter. 2008.
Management of Horticultural Crops (Part 1). Horticulture Science Series Vol. 11. New
India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, India.
10 Yadav, P.K. 2007. Fruit Production Technology. International Book Distributing Co.
(Publishing Division), Lucknow, India.
24
AEE-202 COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
(2-1)
Objectives
At the completion of this course, the students will be able to:
Define the given concepts of communication
Identify the types of communication
Conduct interviews
Demonstrate improved communication skills
Theory Concept, Purpose and scope of communication in Agricultural extension; Forms of
communication in the past, present and future; Communication and the concept of global
community; Communication as the problem solving approach; Communication process,
elements and their role in effective communication; Principles of communication; Basic
communication models; Forms of communication: interpersonal, intrapersonal and
impersonal; Written, verbal and non-verbal communication; Barriers to communication and
measures to overcome these barriers.
Practical The students will be involved in developing and critically analyzing different extension
messages. They will practice different forms of communication in the class.
Books Recommended
1. Calvert, P. (Ed) 2000. The communicator’s Handbook. Tools, Techniques and
technology (4th Edition). Maupin House Publishing.
2. Murphy, H. A., Hildebrandt, H. P. and J. P. Thomas. 2000. Effective business
Communication. International Series. NBF, Islamabad.
3. Muhammad, S. 2005. Communication Skills & Leadership Development. Unitech
Communications, Faisalabad.
VMd-202 INTRODUCTION TO VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
2(1-1)
Theory
Concept of disease and health in animal and human medicine. Importance of animal diseases,
Defination of health, disease and their signs. Types of animal diseases on the basis of
etiology. Immune system, mechanism of immunity, immune disorders and vaccinology. Foot
and Mouth disease, Haemorrhagic septicaemia, Mastitis, Black quarter , Enterotoxaemia,
Pleuropneumonia, PPR, Pox, Anthrax, Tetanus, Rabies, Newcastle disease, Bird flu, Tick
borne diseases, metabolic diseases, Hemoglobinuria, Indigestion, Diarrhea, Pneumonia,
Brucellosis. Types of parasites and major parasitic diseases prevalent in Pakistan e.g.
Fasciolosis, Echinococcus (Hydatid cyst) etc, Tympany, Hydrocyanic acid, nitrate & nitrite
poisoning). Macro and micro element deficiencies and imbalances relevant in Pakistan.
Disinfection, biosecurity and metaphalyxis. Major zoonosis diseases prevalenct in Pakistan
including milk borne diseases and meat borne diseases etc). WTO Accord in relation to the
animal diseases prevalent in Pakistan. Drug residues and it public health importance.
Practical
Behavior of different animal species as it relates to the practice of veterinary medicine.
Recording the cardinal parameters of health (Body temperature, pulse and respiration).
Demonstration of disease diagnostic methods (palpation, percussion, auscultation), Methods
of drug administration in animals (oral and parenteral). Methods of collection, preservation
and transportation of various biological samples and ectoparastie specimens. Microscopic
25
examination of blood smear, feces, skin scrapings, blood, ultrasonography, X-ray and list of
major diagnostic approaches. Demonstration of instruments, tools and equipments being used
for animal and human disease diagnosis. Demonstration of veterinary first aid procedures
(controlling haemorrhage, dressing wounds, artificial respiration, use of splints in fractures,
first aid in snake bite, heat stroke, tympany, drowning, burns, choke etc.)
Books Recommended
1. Aspinall, K., 1976. First Step in Veterinary Science. Bailliere Tindall, London
2. Blowey, R.W., 1999. A Veterinary Book for Dairy Farmers. 3rd Ed. Farming Press
Miller Freeman, UK Ltd.
3. Chakrabarti, A., 2000. A Textbook of Preventive Veterinary Medicine. CBS & IBH
Publications, New Delhi, India.
4. Hungerford, T.G., 1991. Hungerford’s Diseases of Livestock. 9th Ed. McGraw-Hill Book
Co. Sydney, Australia
5. McCurnin, D. M., 1998. Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians. 4th Ed. W.B.
Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA.
6. Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, D.C. Blood and K.W. Hinchcliff, 2008. Veterinary Medicine.
10th Ed. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA.
7. The Merck Veterinary Manual, 2014. 11th Ed. Merck & Co. Inc., Whitehouse Station,
N.J., USA.
STAT-202 STATISTICS-II 3 (3-0)
Objective
The objective of this course is to impart basic and applied knowledge about statistics for
interpretation of results and decision making.
Theory
Sampling and its types, Probability and non-Probability Sampling, Simple random sampling,
stratified random sampling, Systematic sampling, Sampling and non-sampling error,
Sampling distribution of mean and difference between two means. Inference Theory:
Estimation and testing of hypothesis, Type-I and type-II error, Testing of hypothesis about
mean and difference between two means using Z-test and t-test, Paired t-test, Test of
association of attributes using χ2 (chi-square) Testing hypothesis about variance. ANOVA
and its assumptions, One-way ANOVA, Two-way ANOVA.
Books Recommended
1. Introduction to Statistical Theory Part-II by Sher Muhammad and Dr. Shahid Kamal
(2009)
2. Faquir M. 2000. Statistical Methods and Data Analysis. Kitab Markaz, Aminpur Bazar,
Faisalabad.
3. Principles and Procedures of Statistics A Bio-meterial approach, 2nd Edition, 1980 by
R.G.D Steal and James H. Tarric
4. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research 2nd Edition (1980) by K.A. Gomez and
A.A. Gomez
5. Zar JH. 2009. Biostatistical Analysis. 4th ed. Pearson Education, Inc. and Dorling
Kindersley Publishing Inc. (India).
26
SEMESTER-V
Hort. 301 PRINCIPLES OF FRUIT PRODUCTION 4(3-1)
Objectives:
To make students aware of principles and physiology of fruit production.
Theory:
Introduction to fruit science, Fruit-bud formation; initiation, development and controlling
factors, Rest and dormancy, Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and their uses. Pollination and
fruit setting problems, incompatibility, Fruit thinning. Parthenocarpy and seedlessness, Bud
variations and mutations. Physiological disorders; Fruit drop, Biennial bearing etc.; causes
and control, Maturity and harvesting indices, Harvesting methods, ripening and senescence.
Practical:
Identification of various developmental stages of buds, Fruit bearing habits, Training and
pruning of important evergreen and deciduous fruit trees, Thinning of fruits, Practices to
control irregular bearing. Preparation of PGR solutions and their applications. Identification
of phenological stages in fruit plants.
Learning Outcomes:
Students are expected to understand various stages of fruit plants phenology and physiology
in order to solve related problems
Books recommended:
11 Acquaah, G. 2009. Horticulture: Principles and Practices (4th Ed.). Prentice-Hall India
Learning Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.
Chottopadhay, T.K. (Ed.). 2003. A Textbook on Pomology, Vol. I: Fundamentals of Fruit
Growing. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, New Delhi, India.
Chottopadhay, T.K. 2000. A Textbook on Pomology, Vol. II: Tropical Fruits. Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
Yadav, P.K. 2007. Fruit Production Technology. International Book Distributing Co.
(Publishing Division), Lucknow, India.
Duggar, B.M.2010. Plant Physiology with Special Reference to Plant Production. Biblio
Bazaar, LLC, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Jackson, D.I., N.E. Looney, M.Morley-Bonker and G. Thiele.. 2011. Temperate and
Subtropical Fruit Production. CAB International Publishing, Wallingford, U.K.
Singh, A. 2003. Fruit Physiology and Production. Kalyani Publication, Ludhiana, New
Delhi, India.
Singh, N.P. 2004. Basic Concepts of Fruit Science. International Book Distribution
Company (Publishing Division), Lucknow, India.
Gardener, V.R. 2001. The Fundamentals of Fruit Production (5th Ed.). McGraw Hill Book
Company, USA.
27
Hort. 303 PRINCIPLES OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION 3(2-1)
Objectives:
To develop understanding among the students regarding principles and physiology of
vegetable production.
Theory:
Introduction and importance, Classification of vegetables, Cropping systems; succession,
relay and multiple cropping etc., Recent trends in vegetable production; off-season vegetable
production, hydro and aero-ponics, organic farming, Factors affecting vegetable production,
Bulb and tuber formation, Crop management and quality assurance; seed selection, nursery
raising, hardening and transplanting, mulching, Pruning and staking, irrigation, harvesting etc
Parthenocarpy and seedlessness. Physiological disorders, Production problems and their
management, Use of plant growth regulators.
Practical:
Identification and description of flower, fruit and seed of important cultivars, Seed priming,
Methods of sowing, Practice in raising nursery, hardening and transplanting of seedlings,
Pruning and staking practices, Visits to vegetable farms.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must be familiar with basic principles behind successful vegetable production.
Books recommended:
Bose, T.K., M.G. Som and J. Kabir. 1993. Vegetable Crops. Naya Prokash, Calcutta-Six.
Dhaliwal, M.S. 2008. Handbook of Vegetable Crops. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, New
Delhi, India.
Hazra, P. and M.G. Som. 2005. Vegetable Science. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, New
Delhi, India.
Maynard, D.N. and G.J. Hochmuth. 2007. Knott’s Handbook of Vegetable Growers. 5th
edition. John Willey and Sons, Inc., NewYork.
Nonnecke, I.L. 2006. Vegetable Production. Springer Publishers, India.
Rana, M. K. 2012. Modern Concepts of Vegetables Production. Biotech. Books, New
Delhi.
Swaider, J.M., G.W. Ware and J.P. McCollum. 2002. Producing Vegetable Crops (5th
Ed.), Interstate Publishers Printers and Publishers Inc., Danville, Illinois.
Singh, P. and S. P. Singh. 2012. Principles of Vegetable Production. Oxford book
company New Delhi.
Singh, A.P. 2003. A Textbook of Vegetable Culture. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, New
Delhi, India.
Singh,P. and S. P. Singh. 2012. Principles of Vegetable Production. Oxford book
company new Delhi.
28
Hort. 305 PRINCIPLES OF ORNAMENTAL CROP PRODUCTION 3(2-1)
Objectives:
To provide knowledge of basic principles and physiology of ornamental crop production to
the students of Horticulture.
Theory:
Introduction and importance; present status and future scope, Raising techniques of annuals,
flowering perennials, foliage plants, succulents and flowering bulbs with their propagation
and crop management, Seed and bulb dormancy, Pruning, training and shaping, Use of
growth regulators, Manipulation of growth and flowering. Concept of Bonsai and topiary,
Outdoor and indoor decoration, Flower exhibition, Flower arrangements.
Practical:
Seeding, raising and transplanting of nursery, Identification of annuals, herbaceous
perennials, foliage plants, succulents and flowering bulbs with their propagation methods and
management practices (pinching, disbudding, deshooting etc.), Methods of breaking seed and
bulb dormancy, Visits to ornamental nurseries, parks, cut flower shops, flower exhibitions
and growing structures.
Learning Outcomes:
Students are expected to have knowledge of basic principles of ornamental crop production.
Books recommended:
Arora, J.S. 2003. Introductory Ornamental Horticulture (4th Ed.). Kalyani Publishers,
New Delhi.
Dey, S.C. 2010. Flowers from Bulbous Plants. Agribios, Jodhpur, India.
Larson, RA. 1980. Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, New York.
Laurie, A. and Ries V.S. 2004. Floriculture: Fundamentals and Practices. Agrobios
(Inidia), Jodhpur, India.
Hessayon, D.G. 2007. The Flowering Shrubs Expert (3rd Ed.). Transworld
Publishers,London, U.K.
Hessayon, D.G. 2007. The Flowering Bulbs Expert (3rd Ed.). Transworld
Publishers,London, U.K
Bhattacharjee, S.K. 2006. Advances in ornamental Horticulture. Eastern Book
Corporation, Delhi, India.
Raj, D. 2002. Floriculture and Landscaping. Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi.
29
Hort. 307 PROPAGATION AND NURSERY MANAGEMENT 3(1-2)
Objectives:
To impart technical knowledge about nursery management and certification procedures.
Theory: Introduction and importance, Types of horticultural nurseries, Management practices (water,
nutrient, weeds, diseases, insect-pests), Protection against temperature extremities and
radiation, Important nursery operations, Propagation methods and their importance,
Rootstocks for horticultural plants, Raising of stock seedlings, Pre-sowing treatments of
seeds; Apomixis and polyembryony, Stionic interactions, Graft compatibility and
incompatibility, Use of growth regulators for propagation, Certification systems; standards,
rules & regulation and procedures, Certification of planting material and nursery plants,
Marketing of nursery plants.
Practical: Raising of rootstocks, Identification of rootstocks for different fruit plants, Selection and
preparation of bud wood, Practices in seed collection, seed treatment and propagation
methods, Plant growing structures, media and mixtures, Media sterilization, Management of
progeny plants, Virus indexing, Visit to germplasm units.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must be able to manage nurseries and propagate healthy horticultural plants.
Books recommended:
Adriance, G.W., and F.R. Brison. 2000. Propagation of Horticultural Plants. Biotech
Books, Delhi, India.
Hartmann, H.T., D.E. Kester and F.T. Davies. 2011. Plant propagation: principles and
practices (8th Ed.). prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.
Rajan, S. and ropsB.L. Markose. 2007. Propagation of Horticultural C . New India
publishing Agency, New Dehli, India.
Ray,P.K. 2001. Plant Nursery Management:How to Start and Operate a Plant Nursery.
Scientific publishers, Jodhpur, India.
Sharma, R.R. 2002. Propagation of Horticultural Crops: Principles and Practices. Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana, New Delhi, India.
Sharma, R.R. and M. Srivastav. 2004. Plant Propagation and Nursery management.
International Book Distributing Co. (Publishing Division), Lucknow, India.
Sharma, V.K. 1996. Plant Nurseries: Techniques, Production and Management. Indus
Publishing Company, New Delhi, India.
30
Hort. 309 IN VITRO PROPAGATION 2(1-1)
Objectives:
To acquaint the students with modern techniques of plant multiplication.
Theory:
Introduction and importance; Basic terminology, application and constraints of plant tissue
culture; Nutritional components of culture media (nutrients, carbohydrates, vitamins, growth
regulators, amino acids and antibiotics), their types & functions; aseptic techniques; Initiation
and maintenance of cultures; Physical factors for growth; transplanting and acclimatization;
Preparation of synthetic seed; Concepts of plant biotechnology and its role in improvement of
horticultural crops.
Practical:
Laboratory safety precautions, sanitation, equipment; Calculations (preparation of molar,
percent, normal, ppm etc solutions); Preparation of stock solutions & media, sterilization
techniques, inoculation and culture of explants, Acclimatization & transplanting.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must understand the basic tissue culture techniques for in vitro propagation of
horticultural crops.
Books recommended:
Hartmann, H.T., D.E. Kester and F.T. Davies. 2011. Plant propagation: principles and
practices (8th Ed.). prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.
Lindsey, K. (Ed). 2007. Plant Tissue Culture Mannual. Springer-Kluwer Academic
Publishers New Delhi, India.
George, E.F., M.A. Hall and G.J. De Klerk. 2008. Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture.
3rd Ed. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Razdan, M.K. 2003. Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture. Science Publishers Inc. (ISBN:
1-57808-237-4).
Scoggins, H. and M. Bridgen. 2014. Plants from Test Tubes: An Introduction to Micro
propagation (4th Ed.) Tiber Press.
Smith,R. H. 2013. Plant Tissue Culture: Techniques and Experiments. Academic Press,
London, UK.
Trigiano, R. N. and J. G. Denis. 2011. Plant Tissue Culture, Development, and
Biotechnology. CRC press, Boca Raton,Folorida,USA.
Margit, L. and W. Rucker. 2004. Plant Tissue Culture: Plant Tissue Culture – 100 years
since Gottlieb Haberlandt. CPL Scientific Publishers, (ISBN: 3211838392).
Chandra, R. and M. Mishra (Eds). 2005. Comprehensive Micropropagation of
Horticultural Crops International Book Distributing Co. (Publishing Division), Lucknow,
India.
31
SEMESTER-VI
Hort. 302 TROPICAL AND SUB-TROPICAL FRUITS 3(2-1)
Objectives:
To accustom students with production technology of major tropical and sub-tropical fruits of
Pakistan.
Theory:
Classification of tropical and sub-tropical fruits, Cultivation with reference to acreage,
production, botany, cultivars, rootstocks, propagation, climate, soil, cultural practices (water,
nutrition, weeds, diseases, disorders and pest management), Maturity, ripening, harvesting,
quality assurance and marketing of major tropical and sub-tropical fruits of Pakistan.
Practical:
Practices in fruit health management, Pollination in commercial fruits, Cost of production,
Description and identification of commercial cultivars of important tropical and sub-tropical
fruits, Visit to research institutes and commercial orchards.
Learning Outcomes:
Student must be able to produce important tropical and sub-tropical fruits
Books recommended:
Alebrigo, L.G., L.W.Timmer and M.E. Rogers. 2014. Vol:II. Citrus (Crop Production
Science in Horticulture). CABI
Bali, S.S. 2003. Fruit Growing, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Bose, T.K. and S.K. Mitra (Eds.). 1990. Fruits: Tropical and Subtropical. Naya Prokash,
Calcutta-Six.
Durate, O. and R.E. Paull, 2012. Tropical Fruits: Vol.II. Crop Production Science in
Horticulture 24. CAB International Publishing.
Chottopadhay, T.K. (Ed.). 2006. A Textbook on Pomology, Vol: II. Tropical Fruits.
Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, New Delhi, India.
Yadav, P.K. 2007. Fruit Production Technology. International Book Distributing Co.
(Publishing Division), Lucknow, India.
Jackson, D., N. E. Looney , M. Morley-Bunker and G. Thiele. 2011. Temperate and
ingford, UKSubtropical Fruit Production. CAB International Publishing, Wall.
Nakasone, H.Y. and R.E. Paull. 1998. Tropical Fruits. Crop Production Science in
Horticulture 7. CAB International Publishing, Wallingford, U.K.
Salunkhe, D.K., S.S. Kadam. 1995. Handbook of Fruit Science: production, composition,
storage and processing. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York
Radha, T. and L. Mathew. 2007. Fruit Crops. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi,
India. (429 Pages).
32
Hort. 304 SUMMER VEGETABLES 3(2-1)
Objectives:
To accustom students with production technology of major summer vegetables of Pakistan.
Theory:
Introduction, importance and issues, Types of vegetable farming, Cultivation of summer
vegetables with reference to their acreage, production, botany, cultivars, climate, soil, cultural
practices, maturity indices, harvesting, grading, packing, quality assurance, marketing,
production problems, important weeds, insect-pests, Diseases and their control.
Practical:
Practice in raising of summer vegetables including mushrooms, Eradication of weeds and
control measures of insects and diseases, Harvesting, grading and packing of vegetables,
Economics of summer vegetable production, Visits to vegetable farms and markets.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must be skilled in growing summer vegetables of the region.
Books recommended:
Bose, T.K., M.G. Som and J. Kabir. 1993. Vegetable Crops. Naya Prokash, Calcutta-Six,
India.
Biswas, S., M. Datta and S.V. Ngachan. 2011. Mushrooms: A Manual for Cultivation.
PHI learning private Ltd., New Delhi, India.Libner, N.S. 2006. Vegetable Production.
Vedams Books Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.
Das, P.C. 2003. Vegetable Crops of India. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Decoteau, D.R. 2002. Vegetable Crops. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, India.
Dhaliwal, M.S. 2008. Handbook of Vegetable Crops. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, New
Delhi, India.
Maynard, D.N. and G.J. Hochmuth. 2007. Knott’s Handbook of Vegetable Growers (5th
Ed.). John Willey and Sons Inc., New York.
Rana, M.K. 2008. Scientific Cultivation of Vegetables. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana,
New Delhi, India.
Swaider, J.M., G.W. Ware and J.P. McCollum. 2002. Producing Vegetable Crops (5th
Ed.), Interstate Publishers Printers and Publishers Inc., Danville, Illinois.
Singh, A.P. 2002. Vegetable Growing in India. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Singh, D.K. 2007. Modern Vegetable Varieties and Production Technology. International
Book Distributing Co. (Publishing Division), Lucknow, India.
33
Hort. 306 LANDSCAPE HORTICULTURE 3(2-1)
Objectives:
To provide the students with opportunity to combine science of horticulture and their creative
abilities in provision of aesthetically beautiful and functional environment.
Theory:
Classification of landscape plants, Growth habits, foliage and flowering effects, Propagation
and maintenance of important landscape plants and turf grasses Introduction to landscape
design, hardscape and softscape, Principles, elements and types of landscape, Suitability of
various plants for different purposes and locations, Irrigation systems for different
landscapes, Landscape planning, installation, maintenance, and budget estimation.
Practical:
Study of various soft and hard landscape designs, Aesthetic study of stem, branches, leaves,
flowers and fruits, Mapping of landscape designs; Landscape designs for individual houses,
municipal and national parks, Shaping of plants by pruning and training practices, Visits to
private and public landscape areas.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must be able to prepare designs, and manage landscape of various premises
Books recommended:
Arora, J.S. 2003. Introductory Ornamental Horticulture (4th Ed.). Kalyani Publishers,
New Delhi.
Biondo, R.J., and C.B. Schroeder. 2006. Introduction to Landscaping Design,
Construction and Maintenance (3rd Ed.). International Book Distributing Company
(Publishing Division), Lucknow, India.
Bhattacharjee, S.K. 2004. Landscape Gardening and Design with Plants. Aavishkar
Publishers, Distributors, Jaipur, India.
Gilmer, M. 2002. Water works. Contemporary Books McGraw Hill Companies, Sydney,
Australia.
Hessayon, D.G. 2007. Expert Series (Garden Expert, DIY Expert, The Easy Care
Gardening Expert, The Rock and Water Garden Expert). Transworld Publishers, London,
U.K.
Ingels, J.E. 1992. Landscaping: Principles and Practices. Delmar Publishing Inc. New
York.
Raj, D. 2002. Floriculture and Landscaping. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
34
Hort. 308 MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS 3(2-1)
Objectives:
To provide information about medicinal and aromatic values of different plants.
Theory:
Importance of condiments, spices and medicinal plants, origin and habitat, classification and
botany, Climatic requirements, Cultivation and production, Chemical and pharmacological
properties, Products and their culinary and medicinal uses, Methods of plant collection and
extraction, Processing, marketing and export potential.
Practical:
Identification, collection and description, Introduction, acclimatization and multiplication of
economically important plants, Parts used and important ingredients, Processing and
extraction methods, Visits to various herbal institutions, "Pansari" markets and herbal
gardens.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must be able to identify and grow different condiments, spices and medicinal plants.
Books recommended:
Bhattacharjee, S.K. 1999. Handbook of Medicinal Plants. Pointer Publishing Co. India.
Das, P.C. 2014. Spice Crops Production Technology. Scientific publisher, Jodhpur, India
Joshi, S.G. 2000. Medicinal Plants. Oxford and IBH, India.
Farooqui, M.L.H. 2000. Medicinal Plants of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Sidrah
Publishers, Lukhnow.
Bimbraw,A.S 2006.Agrotechniques for umbelliferous medicinal and aromatic plants of
India. International Book Distributing Co., India.
Aslam, M. 2006. Guidelines for cultivation, collection, conservation and propagation of
medicinal herbs. MINFAL, Pakistan.
Serdar, O. and M. Milan. 2007. Medicinal and Aromatic Crops. Haworth Food & Agric.
Products.
Patil, D.A. 2008. Herbal cures a traditional approach. Aavishkar Publishers &
Distributers, Jaipur, India.
Bogers, R.J., L.E. Craker and D. Lange. 2006. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Haworth
Food & Agric. Products.
Raju, R.A. 2000. Wild Plants of Indian Sub-Continent and Their Economic Use. CBS
Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
35
Hort. 310 POST-HARVEST HORTICULTURE 3(2-1)
Objectives:
To equip students with the techniques to prolong shelf-life of perishable horticultural
produce.
Theory:
Introduction and importance, Pre- and post-harvest factors affecting quality, Climacteric and
non-climacteric commodities, Indices of crop maturity / ripening, harvesting and pre-cooling,
Curing and artificial ripening of horticultural commodities, Packing house operations;
culling, grading, washing, cleaning, colouring, waxing and packaging of important
horticultural commodities, Packing materials and containers, Storage; principles and types,
storage life and factors determining it, International standards and quality assurance, sanitary
and phyto-sanitary measures, Shipment for local and foreign markets.
Practical:
Machinery and equipment used for various operations, Demonstration of harvest indices,
Practices in harvesting, curing, packing and preparation of different fruits, vegetables and cut
flowers for marketing, Determination of total soluble solids; Determination of fruit firmness,
starch-iodine test, color determination, Visits to the fruit, vegetable and floral markets,
packing houses and cold storages etc.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must have the knowledge of produce physiology and its application to ensure
quality and shelf life.
Books Recommended:
Bhattacharjee S. K and L.C. De. 2005. Post-Harvest Technology of Flowers and
Ornamental Plants. Pointer Publishers jaipur India.
Burg. P. S. 2004. Post harvest Physiology and Hypobaric Storage of Fresh Produce.
CABI Publishing.
Choudhry, M. L and K. V. Parsad. 2003. Value Addition in Horticulture. Delhi Agri-
Horticultural Society. Division of Floriculture and Landscaping Indian Agricultural
Research Institute Pusa, New Delhi-110 012.
Kader, A.A. 2002. Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. University of
California Press, California, USA.
Sadiq M., J. Ahmed, M.G. Lobo and F. Ozadali. 2012. Tropical and Subtropical Fruits:
Postharvest Physiology, Processing and Packaging. Wiley-Balckwell Publisher.
Simson, P.S. and Straus, M.C. 2010. Post-Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops.
Oxford Book Company, New Delhi.
Singh, S.I. 2009. Post-Harvest Handling and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables.
Westville Publishing House.
Thompson, A.K. 1996. Post-Harvest Technology of Fruits and Vegetables. Blackwell
Science Ltd., Oxford.
36
SEMESTER-VII
Hort. 401 RESEARCH METHODS IN HORTICULTURE 3(1-2)
Objectives:
To develop ability in the students to identify and address the researchable problems in
different areas of Horticulture.
Theory:
Areas of research in Horticulture, Preparation of research proposal, Research methodology,
Hypothesis and experimentation, Research parameters (morphological, physiological, bio-
chemical, growth and yield characteristics), Sampling and data collection, Data processing,
tabulation, analysis and interpretation of result, Computer application, word processing,
graphics and data analysis packages.
Practical:
Practices in field layout of experimental design, Sampling and data collection, Laboratory
practices in physico-chemical analyses, Use of computer (word processing, data processing
and graphics) in horticultural research.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must be able to understand the problems, prepare research proposal and execute
under field and laboratory conditions independently.
Books recommended:
Laake,P., H. B . Benestad and B. R. Olsen. 2007. Research Methodology in the Medical
and Biological Sciences. Academic press, San Diego, USA.
Quinn,G. P. and M. J. Keough. 2002. Experimental Design and Data Analysis for
Biologists. Cambridge University press, Cambridge, UK.
Mukul,G. and G. Deepa. 2011. Research Methodology. PHI Learning Private Ltd., New
Dehli India.
Singh, Y. K. 2006. Fundamental of Research Methodology and Statistics. New age
international Pvt. Ltd., New Dehli, India.
Pearce, S.C. 1976. Field Experimentation with Fruit and Other Perennial Plants. Tech.
Communication No. 23. Commonwealth Bureau of Horticulture and Plantation Crops.
East Malling, Kent.
Petersen, R.G. 1994. Agricultural Field Experiments–Design and Analysis. Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York.
Srivastav, M. and R.S. Yadav. 2007. Principles of Laboratory Techniques and Methods.
International Book Distributing Company (Publishing Division), Ludhiana, India.
37
Hort. 403 TEMPERATE FRUITS 3(2-1)
Objectives:
To accustom students with production technology of major temperate fruits of Pakistan.
Theory:
Classification of temperate fruits, Cultivation with reference to acreage, production, botany,
cultivars, rootstocks, propagation, climate, soil, cultural practices (water, nutrition, weeds,
diseases, disorders and pest management), Maturity, ripening, harvesting, quality assurance
and marketing of major temperate fruits of Pakistan.
Practical:
Practices in fruit health management, Pollination in commercial fruits, Cost of production,
Description and identification of commercial cultivars of important temperate fruits, Visit to
research institutes and commercial orchards.
Learning Outcomes:
Student must be able to produce important temperate fruits.
Books recommended:
Bali, S.S. 2003. Fruit Growing, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Bose, T.K. and S.K. Mitra (Eds.). 1990. Fruits: Tropical and Subtropical. Naya Prokash,
Calcutta-Six.
Mitra, S.K., D.S. Rathore, and T.K. Bose (Eds.). 1991. Temperate Fruits. Horticulture and
Allied Publishers, Calcutta.
Barooh, S. 1998. Modern Fruit Culture. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, New Delhi, India.
Chottopadhay, T.K. (Ed.). 2009. A Textbook on Pomology, Vol: IV. Temperate Fruits.
Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, New Delhi, India.
Yadav, P.K. 2007. Fruit Production Technology. International Book Distributing Co.
(Publishing Division), Lucknow, India.
Jackson, D.I., N. Looney, M. Morley-Bonker and G. Thiele. 2011. Temperate and
Subtripical Fruit Production. CAB International Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
Salunkhe, D.K., S.S. Kadam. 1995. Handbook of Fruit Science: production, composition,
storage and processing. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York
38
Hort. 405 WINTER VEGETABLES 3(2-1)
Objectives:
To accustom students with production technology of major winter vegetables of Pakistan.
Theory:
Introduction, importance and issues, Types of vegetable farming, Cultivation of winter
vegetables with reference to their acreage, production, botany, cultivars, climate, soil, cultural
practices, maturity indices, harvesting, grading, packing, quality assurance, marketing,
production problems, important weeds, insect-pests, Diseases and their control.
Practical:
Practice in raising of winter vegetables including mushrooms, Eradication of weeds and
control measures of insects and diseases, Harvesting, grading and packing of vegetables,
Economics of winter vegetable production, Visits to vegetable farms and markets.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must be skilled in growing winter vegetables of the region.
Books recommended:
Bose, T.K., M.G. Som and J. Kabir. 1993. Vegetable Crops. Naya Prokash, Calcutta-Six,
India.
Biswas, S., M. Datta and S.V. Ngachan. 2011. Mushrooms: A Manual For Cultivation.
e Ltd., New Delhi, IndiaPHI learning privat.
Libner, N.S. 2006. Vegetable Production. Vedams Books Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.
Rana, M.K. 2008. Scientific Cultivation of Vegetables. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana,
New Delhi, India.
Decoteau, D.R. 2002. Vegetable Crops. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, India.
Dhaliwal, M.S. 2008. Handbook of Vegetable Crops. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, New
Delhi, India.
Maynard, D.N. and G.J. Hochmuth. 2007. Knott’s Handbook of Vegetable Growers (5th
Ed.). John Willey and Sons Inc., New York.
Swaider, J.M., G.W. Ware and J.P. McCollum. 2002. Producing Vegetable Crops (5th
Ed.), Interstate Publishers Printers and Publishers Inc., Danville, Illinois.
Das, P.C. 2003. Vegetable Crops of India. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Singh, A.P. 2002. Vegetable Growing in India. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Singh, D.K. 2007. Modern Vegetable Varieties and Production Technology. International
Book Distributing Co. (Publishing Division), Lucknow, India.
Maynard, D.N. and G.J. Hochmuth. 2007. Knott’s Handbook of Vegetable Growers (5th
Ed.). John Willey and Sons Inc., New York.
39
Hort. 407 COMMERCIAL FLOWER PRODUCTION 3(2-1)
Objectives:
To accustom students with production technology of economically important flowers.
Theory:
Introduction and importance, Overview of world flower trade, Economics and feasibility,
Environmental simulation, Climate and soils, propagation, crop management practices,
harvesting, post harvest handling and marketing of important floral crops such as amaryllis,
anemone, calendula, carnation, chrysanthemum, crocus, dahlia, freezia, geranium, gerbera,
gladiolus, gypsophylla, iris, lilium, marigold, narcissus, nemesia, orchid, poinsettia, roses,
stock, sweet pea, snapdragon, statice, tulip, tuberose, zinnia.
Practical:
Identification, nursery raising, planting, cultural operations, harvesting and packing of
important flowers for marketing, Visits of production areas and floral markets.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must be able to grow commercially important flowers of the region.
Books recommended:
Armitage, A.M. and J.M. Laushman. 2003. Specialty Cut Flowers (2nd Ed.). Timber
Press, Windsor, Australia.
Bose, T.K., L.P. Yadav, P. Pal, V.A. Parthasarathy and P. Das. 2003. Commercial
Flowers (2nd Ed.). Naya Udyog, Calcutta, India.
Banerjee, U. 2001. Commercial Flower Production. Mangal Deep Publications, Jaipur,
India.
Prasad, S. and U. Kumar. 2005. Commercial Floriculture. Agrobios (India), Jodhpur,
India.
Dole, J.M. and H.F. Wilkins. 1999. Floriculture: Principles and Species. Ball Publishing,
USA.
Yadav, I.S. and M.L. Choudhry. 1997. Progressive Floriculture–Production Technologies
of Important Commercial Flower Crops. The House of Sarpan, Banglore.
Laurie, A. 2004. Floriculture: Fundamentals and Practices. McGraw Hill Book Company,
New York.
40
Hort. 409 BREEDING OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS 3(2-1)
Objectives:
To teach breeding methods for improvement of horticultural crops for specific objectives
such as quality and yields.
Theory: Principles of plant breeding, Reproductive systems in horticultural crops, Self incompatibility
and male sterility; centres of origin, sources of genetic variability, Cytological basis of
breeding, Heterosis, Theories of heterosis, Inbreeding depression, Apomixes, Role of
mutation and polyploidy in breeding, Somatic selection and chimeras, Breeding objective,
Methods of breeding of self and cross pollinated crops, Crop improvement and cultivars
development, Somaclonal variations, Germplasm conservation, Concept of genetic
manipulation and transgenic plants.
Practical: Description of flowers of important fruits, vegetables and ornamentals. Emasculation, selfing
and crossing techniques, Polyembryony tests. Pollen viability tests, Inducing polyploidy by
chemicals.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must be able to conduct breeding procedures independently.
Books recommended:
Fageria, M.S., P.S. Arya and Choudhary, A.K. 2000. Vegetable Crops (Vol. 1): Breeding
and Seed Production. Kalyani Publisher, Ludhiana, New Delhi, India.
Bassett, M.J. 1986. Breeding Vegetable Crops. Avi Publishing Co. Inc., Westport,
Connecticut.
Shukla, A.K., A.K. Shukla and B.B. Vashishtha. 2004. Fruit Breeding: Approaches and
Achievements. International Book Distributing Company (Publishing Division),
Lucknow, India.
Singh, A.P. 2003. Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production (1st Ed.). Kalyani Publisher,
Ludhiana, New Delhi, India.
Ram, H.H. 2005. Vegetable Breeding, Principles and Practices. Kalyani Publisher,
Ludhiana, New Delhi, India.
41
SEMESTER-VIII
Hort. 402 RESEARCH PROJECT 4(0-4)
Objectives:
Training of the student in study and evaluation of problems of horticultural industry and to
find their solutions through research.
Practical:
Identification of research problem, Consulting the relevant literature, Planning and essentials
of research plan. Execution of project; data collection, analysis, formulation of tables &
figures and interpretation of results & discussion, conclusion, recommendations, Report
writing, submission and presentation.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must be able to identify problems, conduct independent research and write the
report.
Books Recommended:
Anonymous. 1999. Instructions to Authors. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. Alexandria, Virginia.
Day, R.A. 1983. How to write and publish a scientific paper (2nd Ed.). ISI Press,
Philadelphia.
Petersen, R.G. 1994. Agricultural Field Experiments–Design and Analysis. Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York.
Mukul,G. and G. Deepa. 2011. Research Methodology. PHI Learning Private Ltd., New
Dehli India.
Singh, Y. K. 2006. Fundamental of Research Methodology and Statistics. New age
international Pvt. Ltd., New Dehli, India.
42
Hort. 404 VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEED PRODUCTION 3(2-1)
Objectives:
To provide technical knowledge about pure and hybrid seed production of horticultural crops.
Theory: Introduction and importance, Principles of seed production, Seed classes, Pre-basic, basic,
certified and approved seed, Reproductive systems, modes of pollination and seed
production, Pure and hybrid seed production, Methods and procedures for seed production of
important vegetables and flowers, Seed handling technology, Seed testing, Packing and
storage, Seed certification and registration.
Practical: Pollination techniques, Maintenance of self and cross pollinated lines, Methods of seed
collection, cleaning, grading, desiccation, treatments and storage, Seed testing and packing
techniques.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must be able to produce pure and hybrid seed of important vegetables and flowers.
Books Recommended:
Desai, B.B., P.M. Kotecha and D.K. Salunkhe. 1997. Seeds Handbook – Biology,
Production, Processing and Storage. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
McDonald, M.B. and L.O. Copeland. 1998. Seed Production – Principles and Practices.
CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
Singh, A.P. 1999. Vegetable Seed Production Principles (1st Ed.). Kalyani Publisher,
Ludhiana, New Delhi, India.
Khare, D., M.S. Bhale. 2005. Seed Technology. Scientific Publishers, New Delhi, India.
Singh, P. and B.S. Asati. 2008. Seed Production Technology of Vegetables. Daya
Publishing Home, Delhi, India.
Singh, N., D.K. Singh, Y.K. Singh and V. Kumar. 2006. Vegetable Seed Production
Technology. International Book Distributing Company (Publishing Division), Lucknow,
India.
Singh, P.K., S.K. Dasgupta and S.K. Tripathi. 2005. Hybrid Vegetable Development,
CRC Press Boca Raton, USA.
43
Hort. 406 PROTECTED HORTICULTURE 3(2-1)
Objectives:
To make student familiar with modern technology for production of high quality horticultural
commodities round the year.
Theory: Introduction and economic importance, Different structures and their construction, Selection
of site and orientation, Environment control and maintenance, Seed and nursery raising,
Crops/cultivars suitable for forcing, Production technology of different crops, Soilless
culture, Media, Soil mixtures, containers, nutrient management and irrigation systems,
Pruning, training and staking, Insects, diseases, disorders and problem management,
Economics of protected and conventional production.
Practical:
Structural demonstration of greenhouses, plastic tunnels and other types, Study of
environmental control systems Preparation of growing media, Tools and types of containers,
Raising of crops, Pruning, training and staking techniques, pests and diseases management,
Visits to commercial greenhouses and plastic tunnels.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must be able to produce various important horticultural crops under controlled
environment.
Books recommended:
Abbasi, N.A. and U. Habib. 2008. Protected Horticulture. Dept. of Horticulture, PMAS-
Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Arunkumar, R., K.R. Vijayalatha, K. Kannan, V. Thirumalmurugan, K. Latha and S.N.
Kumar. 2008. Innovative Horticulture. New India publishing Agency, new Dehli, India.
Manohar, K.R. and C. Igathinathane. 2007. Greenhouse Technology and Management
(2nd Ed.). BS Publications, Hyderabad, India.
Prasad, K. and U. Kumar. 2005. Greenhouse Management for Horticultural Crops (2nd
Ed.). Agrobios (India), Jodhpur, India.
Resh, H.M. 1989. Hydroponic Food Production. Westbridge Press Publishing Company,
Santabarbra, California, USA.
Sharaf,S. 2012. Green House Management of Horticulture Crops. Oxford book company
new Dehli India.
Tiwari, G. N. 2003. Greenhouse Technology for Controlled Environment. Alpha Science
International Ltd., Pangbourne, UK.
44
Hort. 408 INDOOR PLANT CULTURE AND INTERIORSCAPING 3(2-1)
Objectives:
To impart knowledge about interiorscaping by using foliage plants inside the building for
making the environment pleasing.
Theory:
Introduction and importance, Environmental requirements: light, temperature, humidity and
moisture, Air pollutants and other hazards in growing indoor plants, Cultural requirements,
Production of flowering and foliage plants for shade and semi-shade area, Growing media;
essential nutrients, watering, pests and diseases, Acclimatization and management practices
for important indoor plants. Decorative and functional uses of indoor plants, Principles and
guidelines for interiorscaping. Planters, Terrarium and other scaping types.
Practical: Identification of indoor plants. Practices in propagation, watering and nutrient management,
preparation of soil mixtures, potting and re-potting, Diagnosis of problems and solutions.
Visits of nurseries and garden centres.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must be able to grow and manage indoor/house plants for interiorscaping.
Books Recommended:
Dole, J.M. and H.F. Wilkins. 1999. Floriculture: Principles and Species. Ball Publishing,
USA.
Hessayon, D.G. 2007. House Plant Expert. Transworld Publishers, London, U.K.
Hessayon, D.G. 2007. Indoor Plant Spotter. Transworld Publishers, London, U.K.
Davidson, W. 1991. House Plants. Tiger Books International, London.
Zachos, E. 2005. Tempting Tropical: 175. Irresistible Indoor Plants. Timber Press Inc.
Pleasant, B. 2005. The Complete House Plant Survival Manual: Essential Gardening
Know-How for Keeping (Not Killing) More Than 160 Plants. Storey Publishing, LLC.
45
Hort. 410 BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN HORTICULTURE 3(3-0)
Objectives:
To promote entrepreneurship and business management capabilities of horticultural
graduates.
Theory: Introduction and importance of horticultural enterprise, Classified business management for
fruits, vegetables and ornamental crops, National and international marketing channels,
Market demand and quality control, Export prospects, Procedure/documentation for import
and export, International standards and product handling for export, Processing industry and
marketing of value added commodities, Pricing, policy and market regulations, Global trade
and Pakistan, W.T.O., Opportunities and challenges.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must be able to establish and manage their own enterprise.
Book recommended:
Meena, R.K. and J. Yadev. 2001. Horticulture Marketing and Post-harvest
Management. Pointer Publisher, Jaipur, Rajisthan.
Raju, M.S.S. 2002. Fruit Marketing in India. Daya Publishing House, Delhi, India.
Sharma, K. and S. Jagmohn. 1991. Marketing Management of Horticultural Produce.
Deep & Deep Publications, New Delhi, India.
Labaste, P. (Ed). 2005. The European Horticulture Market; Opportunities for Sub-
Saharan African Exporters. The International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development/ The World Bank, Washington D. C.
46
Hort. 412 PROJECT PLANNING AND SCIENTIFIC WRITING 2(1-1)
Objectives:
To develop ability in the students to identify and plan research projects in different areas of
Horticulture and write their reports.
Theory:
Concept of research, Identification of research problem, Planning and essential of research
plan, Scientific method and experiment, Steps in experimentation, Writing of research
proposal, Layout of field experiments, Observation of field trials, Measurement of crop
growth and yield, Collection, tabulation and analysis of data, Measures of experimental
variability, Interpretation of data, Writing and summarizing of scientific paper, report and
thesis.
Practical:
Preparation of research proposal, Layout of field experiments, Collection and tabulation of
data, Analysis of data, Presentation of data in tables, curves, histograms etc, processing and
interpretation, Writing of scientific paper.
Learning Outcomes:
Students must be able to plan and execute experiments along with scientific report writing.
Books recommended:
Awan, J.A. 2003. Scientific Presentation. Uni-tech Communication, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Micheal, J.K. 2009. From Research to manuscript: A guide to scientific writing. Spinger-
Verlag.
Robert, A.D. 2006. How to write and publish a scientific paper (6th Ed.). Greenwood.
Shahzad, W. 2002 .Synopsis and thesis manual (1st Ed.). National Unv. Sci. Technol., HQ
Rawalpindi.
Mathews, J.R., J.M. Brown and R.W. Mathews. 2000. Successful Scientific Writing: A
Step-by-Step Guide for Bio-Medical Scientists, 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, U.K.
Petersen, R.G. 1994. Agricultural Field Experiments–Design and Analysis. Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York.
______________________