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1 (Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2010 Syllabus NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber C o., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus SCHINDLER ELEVATOR CORP. v. UNITED STATES EX REL. KIRK CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT No. 10–188. Argued March 1, 2011—Decided May 16, 2011 The public disclosure bar of the False Claims Act (FCA) generally fore- closes private parties from bringing qui tam suits to recover falsely or fraudulently obtained federal payments where those suits are “based upon the public disclosure of allegations or transactions in a criminal, civil, or administrative hearing, in a congressio nal, administrative, or Government Accounting Office report, hearing, audit, or investigation, or fro m the news media.” 31 U. S. C. §3730(e)(4)(A). Respon- dent Kirk brought such a suit, alleging that his former employer, petitioner Schindler Elevator Corp., had submitted hundreds of false claims for payment under its federal contracts. To support h is allegations, Kirk pointed to information his wife received from the Labor Department (DOL) in response to three requests for records she filed under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 5 U. S. C. §552. Granting Schindler’s motion to dismiss, the District Court concluded, inter alia, that the FCA’s public disclosure bar deprived it of jurisdic- tion over Kirk’s allegations that were based on information disclosed in a Governme nt “report” or “in vestigation.” The Second Circ uit va- cated and remanded, holding, in effect, that an agency’s response to a FOIA request is neither a “report” nor an “investigation. ” Held: A federal agency’s written resp onse to a FOIA request for records constitutes a “report” within the meaning of the FCA’s public disclosure ba r. Pp. 4–14. (a) “[R]eport” in this conte xt carries its ordi nary meaning. Pp. 4–8. (1) Because the FCA does not define “report,” the Court looks first to the word’s ord inary mean ing. See, e.g., Gross v. FBL Finan- cial Services, Inc., 557 U. S. ___, ___. Dictionari es define “report” as, for example, so mething that gives info rmation. This ordinary me an-

Schindler Elevator Corp. v. United States ex rel. Kirk (2011)

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