Schluter -DITRA Installation Handbook 2008

Schluter®-DITRA Installation Handbook 2008

The Universal Underlayment for Ceramic and Stone Tile

Introducing

Schluter®-DITRA-XLNew detail included

2

Schluter®-DITRA will forever change the way you lay tile.

Uncoupling

Tile has been successfully installed for thousands of years by incorporating an uncoupling layer, orforgiving shear interface, within the tile assembly. Schluter®-DITRA provides uncoupling throughits open rib structure, which allows for in-plane movement that effectively neutralizes the differentialmovement stresses between the substrate and the tile, thus eliminating the major cause of crackingand delaminating of the tiled surface.

Waterproofing

Schluter®-DITRA provides reliable waterproofing in interior and exterior applications. Itspolyethylene composition protects the substrate from moisture penetration, which is particularlyimportant in today’s building environment where most substrates are moisture sensitive.

Vapor Management

The distinguishing feature of Schluter®-DITRA is the existence of free space created by theconfigured channels on the underside of the matting. The free space provides a route for excessmoisture and vapor to escape from the substrate that could otherwise cause damage to the tilelayer above. Thus, DITRA effectively manages moisture beneath the tile covering.

Support/Load Distribution

When placed on a solid foundation, columns or pillars can support tremendous loads. The samephysical principle applies to Schluter®-DITRA installations. Column-like mortar structures areformed in the cutback cavities of the matting. Loads are transferred from the tile covering throughthese column-like mortar structures to the substrate. Since DITRA is virtually incompressible withinthe tile assembly, the advantages of uncoupling are achieved without sacrificing point loaddistribution capabilities. The ability of DITRA installations to support and distribute heavy loadswhile preserving the integrity of the tiled surface has been verified through extensive laboratory andfield testing, including applications exposed to vehicular traffic.

Ceramic and stone tiles are durable, easy to maintain, and hygienic, representing the ideal surface coverings.However, today’s lightweight construction methods can make the installation of hard surface coverings particularlychallenging. In order to protect the integrity of the tile assembly, an underlayment that performs multiple functionsis required.

Schluter®-DITRA is specifically designed to allow the installation of ceramic and stone tile over any even andload-bearing substrate. The integration of DITRA’s uncoupling, waterproofing, load-distribution, and vapormanagement functions makes consistent results viable.

Specifically designed as an underlayment for ceramic and stone tile

Legend EssentialSignificantHelpful

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Schluter®-DITRA

3

CONTENTSWOOD 6 Floors, Interior - 16, 19.2, & 24-inch o.c. joist spacing

Floors, Interior - Natural Stone TileFloors, Interior - Existing VinylFloors, Interior - Structural Plank Subfloor

CONCRETE 10 Floors, Interior - Ceramic or Stone Tile• Young concrete• Concrete subject to moisture migration• Pre-stressed/post-tensioned concrete

GYPSUM 11 Floors, Interior - Ceramic or Stone Tile

HEATED FLOORS 12 Wood Substrate - Electric thin-mat or wire systemWood Substrate - Thin slab (lightweight or gypsum concrete)Concrete Substrate - Structural concrete slab

WATERPROOFING 14 Floors, Interior - Ceramic or Stone Tile

INSTALLATION 24 Schluter®-DITRA installation instructions

THIN-SET FACTS 25 Discussion on thin-set mortar types to be used withSchluter®-DITRA

TESTING 26 Evaluation of mortar types used with Schluter®-DITRA• ASTM C627• Shear bond strength• Freeze/thaw exposure

MOVEMENT JOINTS 20 Placement guidelines and descriptions

WOOD UNDERLAYMENT 23 Installation guidelines

WARRANTY 31

EXTERIOR APPLICATIONS 15 Concrete Substrate - Over Unoccupied SpaceWood Substrate - Over Unoccupied SpaceConcrete Floors, Patios, and WalkwaysConcrete or Wood Substrate - Over Occupied Space

Schluter®-Systems’ written installation instructions shall haveprecedence over referenced industry standard guidelines andinstallation procedures insofar as referenced information maycontain overlapping or conflicting requirements. Type, thickness,and format of the ceramic or stone tile surface covering must besuitable for the intended application.

PRODUCT & ORDERING INFO 29

HOW DOES IT WORK 27 Explanation of how Schluter®-DITRA functions

Note: Revisions in the 2008 handbook are noted with a “ 08 ” in the left margin or column.

SOUND CONTROL 28 Discussion of sound control in conjunction with ceramicand stone tile

Schluter®-Systems is pleased to introduce a new uncoupling membrane: Schluter®-DITRA-XL. DITRA-XL provides the same four essentialfunctions as Schluter®-DITRA, i.e., uncoupling, waterproofing, vapor management, and support/load distribution, but is 5/16" (7 mm) thick,whereas DITRA is only 1/8" (3 mm) thick. Schluter®-DITRA-XL was specifically designed to provide solutions to common challenges facedby tile setters today. The increased thickness allows for even transitions between typical ceramic tile and 3/4" (19 mm)-thick hardwoodflooring. It also increases the movement accommodation capabilities of the product, allowing for the installation of ceramic tile over single-layer wood subfloors on joists spaced at 24" (610 mm) o.c.

4 Schluter®-DITRA-XL — The latest innovation in uncoupling membranes

Even Transitions to Hardwood FlooringIn many thin-set ceramic tile applications, one of the goals is to minimize the thicknessof the assembly to reduce height transitions from the tile to other floor coverings suchas carpet, engineered wood, or vinyl. At 1/8" (3 mm) thick, Schluter®-DITRAaccomplishes this goal while providing the four essential functions for successful tileinstallations. Schluter® floor profiles finish and protect tile edges at these transitions tocomplete the installation. However, where ceramic tile meets 3/4" (19 mm)-thickhardwood, minimizing the thickness of the tile assembly can result in a height transitionup to the hardwood. On various projects, our customers began using two layers ofDITRA to solve this problem. From a technical perspective this was a sound approachbecause DITRA is configured to provide load distribution and is virtually incompressiblewithin the tile assembly. These customers felt that using two layers of DITRA wasreasonable on relatively small applications, as the benefit outweighed the additionallabor in their perspective. However, they requested a better solution.

Research and DevelopmentSince the uncoupling function is based on the geometric configuration of the product,we recognized that increasing the thickness of DITRA would result in increasedmovement accommodation. When the new product was tested, it became clear thatthe increase was significant. A specimen including 12" x 12" porcelain tile set on DITRA-XL over a single layer 3/4"-thick plywood subfloor with joists spaced at 24" (610 mm) o.c. was tested according to the ASTM C627 "Standard Test Method forEvaluating Ceramic Floor Tile Installation Systems Using the Robinson Type FloorTester." It passed cycles 1 through 12, thus achieving a Heavy rating per the TCAHandbook for Ceramic Tile Installation, indicating a performance level acceptable forshopping malls, stores, commercial kitchens, work areas, laboratories, auto showroomsand service areas, shipping/receiving, and exterior decks.

Joist Spacing ASTM C627 Test Rating

24"

TCNA Test Report Number

Heavy (12 cycles)

Tile

12" x 12" porcelain; 5/16" nominal thickness TCNA-303-06

DITRA

DITRA-XL

Test Setup

1. 2" x 2" joists2. APA-rated “Exposure 1” tongue-and-groove plywood subfloor; 23/32"

(3/4" nom.) thickness3. Latex portland cement mortar (ANSI A118.11)4. Schluter®-DITRA-XL5. Unmodified thin-set mortar (ANSI A118.1)6. Tile7. Polymer-modified cement grout (ANSI A118.7)

The latest innovation in uncoupling membranesSchluter®-DITRA-XL

Schluter®-DITRA-XL — The latest innovation in uncoupling membranes 5

New DetailGiven the expanded capabilities of the new DITRA-XL, we have introduced a new detailspecifically for DITRA-XL in this Handbook, in addition to using the product in theexisting DITRA details. D-W24-XL-T provides guidelines for the installation of ceramictile over single-layer plywood/OSB subfloors on joists spaced at 24" (610 mm) o.c.

InstallationSchluter®-DITRA-XL is installed using the same method as Schluter®-DITRA. Thin-setmortar is applied to the substrate with the same size/type notched trowels and themembrane is embedded in the mortar. Proper installation results in full contact betweenthe fleece webbing and the thin-set mortar.

Waterproofing applications with DITRA-XL are treated exactly the same as those withDITRA. Seams between sheets and floor/wall transitions are sealed with Schluter®

-KERDI-BAND using unmodified thin-set mortar.

Given the increased thickness, DITRA-XL requires more thin-set mortar to install the tilesthan DITRA. Schluter®-Systems estimates that a 50-lb (22.68 kg) bag of mortar willcover 35 - 45 ft2 (3.3 - 4.2 m2) when using a 1/4" x 3/8" (6 mm x 10 mm) square- or U-notched trowel.

How Do I Choose Between DITRA and DITRA-XL?Schluter® uncoupling membranes provide the four essential functions for successful tileinstallation over a wide range of substrates, including plywood/OSB, concrete, gypsum,heated floors, etc. The choice between using Schluter®-DITRA or Schluter®-DITRA-XLdepends on the nature of the particular project or application. The following points willhelp differentiate between the two products.

Schluter®-DITRA

• Minimizes tile assembly thickness and reduces transitions to lower surface coverings(e.g., carpet, engineered wood, and vinyl)

Schluter®-DITRA-XL

• Helps provide even transitions between tile and 3/4"-thick hardwood flooring

• Allows for ceramic tile application over single layer plywood/OSB subfloors on joistsspaced at 24" (610 mm) o.c.

Schluter®-Systems is pleased to introduce Schluter®-DITRA-XL and welcomes yourfeedback on this new product. Please call us at 800-472-4588 (USA) or 800-667-8746(CAN) or e-mail us at [email protected].

D-W24-XL-T-08Ceramic or porcelain tile

Unmodified thin-set mortar

Schluter ®-DITRA-XLuncoupling membrane

Latex p.c. mortar

Single layer of plywood or OSB

I-joists or trusses

6 WOOD — Floors, Interior - Ceramic or Porcelain Tile

All wood materials, including OSB, plywood, and framing members, are subject to expansion, contraction, bending, and deflection as aresult of changes in moisture content and loading. Further, these deformations fluctuate over the life of the building structure.

Schluter®-DITRA’s uncoupling function protects the ceramic or stone tile covering from the aforementioned deformationsby neutralizing the differential movement stresses between the wood structure and the tile, thus eliminating the majorcause of cracking and delaminating of the tiled surface. Therefore, DITRA can replace a second layer of plywood in mostapplications.

Since wood structures are sensitive to moisture, Schluter®-DITRA’s waterproofing function adds an essential element tothe flooring assembly by providing simple, effective, and permanent moisture protection.

Wood continually absorbs and releases moisture. The free space beneath the Schluter®-DITRA membrane allows thewood to breathe and provides a route for any residual moisture in the wood substrate to escape.

Since Schluter®-DITRA is virtually incompressible within the tile assembly, the advantages of uncoupling are achievedwithout sacrificing point load distribution capabilities.

By addressing all of the challenges associated with today’s fast, lightweight construction methods, Schluter®-DITRA provides a durableinstallation system for ceramic and stone tile over wood substrates.

WOODEvery substrate presents unique challenges

Floors, Interior - Ceramic or Porcelain Tile

D-W16-T-08

Ceramic or porcelain tile


Schluter ®-DITRA or Schluter ®-DITRA-XLuncoupling membrane

Latex p.c. mortar


Joists, I-joists, or trusses

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16" (406 mm) o.c. joist spacing, single layer OSBor plywood subfloorAreas of Application

over any even and structurally sound OSB orplywood subfloor with 16" (406 mm) o.c. joist spacinginterior dry or wet areas

Limitationsminimum 2" x 2" (50 mm x 50 mm) tilenot intended for natural stone; see detail D-W-S, page 8

Requirementsmaximum spacing of joists, I-joists, or floortrusses is 16" (406 mm) o.c.minimum subfloor thickness – 19/32", 5/8"nom. (16 mm) tongue-and-groove with 1/8"(3 mm) gap between sheets

Substrate Preparationverify that subfloor panels are properlyfastened to framing membersany leveling of the subfloor must be doneprior to installing Schluter®-DITRA andSchluter®-DITRA-XL

Movement JointsSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL donot eliminate the need for movement joints,including perimeter joints, within the tiledsurface. Movement joints must be installedin accordance with industry standards andnorms; see page 20 of this Handbook, TCAEJ171, and TTMAC 301 MJ.

Setting and Grouting Materialslatex portland cement (p.c.) mortar – ANSIA118.11unmodified thin-set mortar – ANSI A118.1grout – ANSI A118.3, A118.6, A118.7,A118.8

Setting and Grouting Specificationstile – ANSI A108.5grout – ANSI A108.6, A108.9, A108.10

Other Considerationstightly butted and/or tented plywood or OSBseams must be addressed prior to installingSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLvapor barrier on crawl space floors accordingto regional building codeswhere a waterproof floor is required, allSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLseams and floor/wall transitions must besealed with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND usingunmodified thin-set mortar; see page 14

08

WOOD — Floors, Interior - Ceramic or Porcelain Tile 7

19.2" (488 mm) o.c. joist spacing, single layer OSBor plywood subfloor

D-W19-T-08




Latex p.c. mortar



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24" (610 mm) o.c. joist spacing, double layer OSBor plywood subfloor

D-W24-T-08

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Latex p.c. mortar

Double layer of plywood or OSB

I-joists or trusses

Areas of Applicationover any even and structurally sound OSB orplywood subfloor with 19.2" (488 mm) o.c. joist spacinginterior dry or wet areas


Requirementsmaximum spacing of joists, I-joists, or floortrusses is 19.2" (488 mm) o.c.minimum subfloor thickness – 23/32", 3/4"nom. (19 mm) tongue-and-groove with 1/8"(3 mm) gap between sheets

Substrate Preparationverify that subfloor panels are properlyfastened to framing membersany leveling of the subfloor must be doneprior to installing Schluter®-DITRA andSchluter®-DITRA-XL




Other Considerationstightly butted and/or tented plywood or OSBseams must be addressed prior to installingSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLvapor barrier on crawl space floors accordingto regional building codeswhere a waterproof floor is required, allSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLseams and floor/wall transitions must besealed with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND usingunmodified thin-set mortar; see page 14

Areas of Applicationover any even and structurally sound doublelayer OSB or plywood floorInterior dry or wet areas

Limitationsminimum 2" x 2" (50 mm x 50 mm) tile

Requirementsmaximum spacing of I-joists or floor trussesis 24" (610 mm) o.c.double layer wood floor consisting of:• minimum subfloor thickness – 23/32",

3/4" nom. (19 mm) tongue-and-groove• minimum underlayment thickness –

11/32", 3/8" nom. (10 mm)

Substrate Preparationverify that subfloor panels are properlyfastened to framing membersunderlayment – minimum 11/32", 3/8" nom.(10 mm)-thick Exposure 1, plugged-faceplywood or OSB with 1/8" (3 mm) gapbetween sheets; see page 23 forunderlayment installation guidelinesany leveling of the assembly must be doneprior to installing Schluter®-DITRA andSchluter®-DITRA-XL




Other Considerationstightly butted and/or tented plywood or OSBseams must be addressed prior to installingSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLvapor barrier on crawl space floors accordingto regional building codeswhere a waterproof floor is required, allSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLseams and floor/wall transitions must besealed with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND usingunmodified thin-set mortar; see page 14ceramic or porcelain tile can be installed oversingle layer wood subfloors on joists spaced at24" (610 mm) o.c. when using Schluter®

-DITRA-XL; see detail D-W24-XL-T on page 8

08

08

08

8 WOOD — Floors, Interior

Floors, Interior - Natural Stone TileD-W-S-08

Natural stone tile



Latex p.c. mortar

Double layer of plywood or OSB


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D-W24-XL-T-08Ceramic or porcelain tile


Schluter ®-DITRA-XLuncoupling membrane

Latex p.c. mortar


I-joists or trusses

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24" (610 mm) o.c. joist spacing, single layer OSBor plywood subfloorAreas of Application

over any even and structurally sound OSB orplywood subfloor with 24" (610 mm) o.c. joist spacinginterior dry or wet areas


Requirementsmaximum spacing of I-joists or floor trussesis 24" (610 mm) o.c.minimum subfloor thickness – 23/32", 3/4"nom. (19 mm) tongue-and-groove with 1/8"(3 mm) gap between sheets

Substrate Preparationverify that subfloor panels are properlyfastened to framing membersany leveling of the subfloor must be doneprior to installing Schluter®-DITRA-XL

Movement JointsSchluter®-DITRA-XL does not eliminate theneed for movement joints, includingperimeter joints, within the tiled surface.Movement joints must be installed inaccordance with industry standards and

norms; see page 20 of this Handbook, TCAEJ171, and TTMAC 301 MJ.



Other Considerationstightly butted and/or tented plywood or OSBseams must be addressed prior to installingSchluter®-DITRA-XLvapor barrier on crawl space floors accordingto regional building codeswhere a waterproof floor is required, allSchluter®-DITRA-XL seams and floor/walltransitions must be sealed with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND using unmodified thin-setmortar; see page 14

Double layer of OSB or Plywood subfloorAreas of Application

over any even and structurally sound doublelayer OSB or plywood floorinterior dry or wet areas

Limitationsrequires double layer wood floor regardlessof joist spacingminimum 2" x 2" (50 mm x 50 mm) tile

Requirementsmaximum spacing of joists, I-joists, or floortrusses is 24" (610 mm) o.c.double layer wood floor consisting of:• minimum subfloor thickness – 23/32",

3/4" nom. (19 mm) tongue-and-groove• minimum underlayment thickness –

11/32", 3/8" nom. (10 mm)

Substrate Preparationverify that subfloor panels are properlyfastened to framing membersunderlayment – minimum 11/32", 3/8" nom.(10 mm)-thick Exposure 1, plugged-faceplywood or OSB with 1/8" (3 mm) gapbetween sheets; see page 23 forunderlayment installation guidelinesany leveling of the assembly must be doneprior to installing Schluter®-DITRA andSchluter®-DITRA-XL




Other Considerationscertain moisture-sensitive stones, e.g., greenmarble, or resin-backed tiles may requirespecial setting materials. Consult stonesupplier and Schluter®-Systems for moreinformation.tightly butted and/or tented plywood or OSBseams must be addressed prior to installingSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLvapor barrier on crawl space floors accordingto regional building codeswhere a waterproof floor is required, allSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLseams and floor/wall transitions must besealed with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND usingunmodified thin-set mortar; see page 14

08

08

WOOD — Floors, Interior 9

Floors, Interior - Existing Vinyl Floors

D-V-T-08

Tile or wood base

Ceramic or stone tile

Schluter ®-RONDEC

Schluter ®-DILEX-EKE


Schluter ®-KERDI-BAND


Fast-setting latex p.c. mortar

Existing vinyl

Plywood or OSB


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Areas of Applicationover any even and structurally soundsubstrate with existing vinyl flooringinterior dry or wet areas

Limitationsminimum 2" x 2" (50 mm x 50 mm) tilecushioned vinyl unacceptableperimeter bonded vinyl flooring unacceptablemultiple layers of vinyl unacceptable

Requirementsfor wood substrates, subfloor/underlaymentconfiguration according to detail D-W16-T,D-W19-T, D-W24-T, D-W24-XL-T, or D-W-S;D-W24-XL-T for use with Schluter®-DITRA-XL only

Substrate Preparationensure that the structure beneath the vinyl issound and adequateensure that vinyl is well adheredremove any wax and clean vinylfor wood substrates, nail off floor with ringshank flooring nails every 4" (102 mm) o.c. –fasteners must pass through entire thick-ness of assembly with minimal penetrationinto joistsany leveling of the assembly must be doneprior to installing Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL


Setting and Grouting Materialsfast-setting latex portland cement (p.c.)mortar – ANSI A118.4 or ANSI A118.11unmodified thin-set mortar – ANSI A118.1grout – ANSI A118.3, A118.6, A118.7,A118.8


Other ConsiderationsSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLare adhered to the vinyl flooring using a fast-setting latex-portland cement mortar suitablefor bonding to vinyl. As an alternative, asuitable cement-based embossing leveler oran appropriate latex-modified thin-set mortarcan be used to skim coat the vinyl to providea bonding surface. When skim coat is cured,Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLare adhered to the skim coat using anunmodified thin-set mortar. See page 25 fordiscussion on latex-modified thin-set mortarssandwiched between two impervious layers.seaming Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL, including floor/wall connections,with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND may beappropriate in cases where a break in thewater line of an ice maker or dishwasher candamage pre-existing moisture-sensitivesubstrates and underlayments. KERDI-BAND floor/wall connections are just aseasily concealed with wood base as with tile.KERDI-BAND floor/wall connections indishwasher alcoves are parged with thin-setmortar; see page 14.vapor barrier on crawl space floors accordingto regional building codescertain moisture-sensitive stones, e.g., greenmarble, or resin-backed tiles may require specialsetting materials. Consult stone supplier andSchluter®-Systems for more information.

08

08

D-SP-TS-08




Latex p.c. mortar

Plywood or OSB underlayment

Structural planksubfloor

Joists

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Floors, Interior - Structural Plank Subfloor

Areas of Applicationover structural plank subfloorsinterior dry or wet areas


Requirementsmaximum spacing of joists is 24" (610 mm)o.c.double layer wood floor consisting of:• minimum structural plank subfloor

thickness – 3/4" (19 mm)• minimum underlayment thickness –

15/32", 1/2" nom. (13 mm)

Substrate Preparationverify that subfloor planks are properlyfastened to framing membersunderlayment – minimum 15/32", 1/2" nom.(13 mm)-thick Exposure 1, plugged-faceplywood or OSB with 1/8" (3 mm) gapbetween sheets; see page 23 forunderlayment installation guidelinesany leveling of the assembly must be doneprior to installing Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL

Movement JointsSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL donot eliminate the need for movement joints,

including perimeter joints, within the tiledsurface. Movement joints must be installedin accordance with industry standards andnorms; see page 20 of this Handbook, TCAEJ171, and TTMAC 301 MJ.



Other Considerationsvapor barrier on crawl space floors accordingto regional building codeswhere a waterproof floor is required, allSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLseams and floor/wall transitions must besealed with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND usingunmodified thin-set mortar; see page 14certain moisture-sensitive stones, e.g., greenmarble, or resin-backed tiles may requirespecial setting materials. Consult stonesupplier and Schluter®-Systems for moreinformation.

08

CONCRETEEvery substrate presents unique challenges

Floors, Interior - Ceramic or Stone Tile

D-C-TS-08

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Concrete

There are various challenges associated with the installation of hard surface coverings on concrete substrates.

To begin, the coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete is close to twice that of ceramic tile. Additionally, tile contractors are often expectedto install tile over young concrete (concrete cured less than 28 days). However, rigid surface coverings installed over young concrete aresusceptible to damage as a result of shrinkage during curing. Pre-stressed/post-tensioned concrete slabs are also commonplace in today’sconstruction environment. Although pre-stressing is used to help control deflections in concrete structures, these slabs are still subject todeformations caused by changes in moisture, temperature, and loading. Many concrete slabs on or below grade are subject to moisturemigration, which can be problematic. Furthermore, these structures experience the same deformations as stated above.

Schluter®-DITRA’s uncoupling function protects the ceramic or stone tile covering by neutralizing the differentialmovement stresses between the concrete substrate and the tile, thus eliminating the major cause of cracking anddelaminating of the tiled surface.

Schluter®-DITRA’s waterproofing ability not only protects the substrate from moisture and harmful substances, it alsoslows the drying of fresh concrete, which reduces the chances of cracking and curling of the slab.

The free space beneath the Schluter®-DITRA matting provides a route for any residual moisture in the concrete slab toescape. This allows the installation of DITRA and the tile covering as soon as the slab can be walked upon. Vapormanagement is also essential for slabs subject to moisture migration.

Since Schluter®-DITRA is virtually incompressible within the tile assembly, the advantages of uncoupling are achieved withoutsacrificing point load distribution capabilities. This allows DITRA to be installed in commercial and industrial applicationsexposed to heavy vehicular traffic, provided the type, format, and thickness of the tile is appropriate for the application.

By addressing all of the challenges associated with today’s fast construction methods, Schluter®-DITRA provides a durable installationsystem for ceramic and stone tile over concrete substrates.

Concrete subfloorAreas of Application

over any structurally sound and evenconcrete subflooryoung concrete (concrete cured less than 28days)on or below grade concrete subject tomoisture migrationpost-tensioned or pre-stressed concrete

Limitationsminimum 2" x 2" (50 mm x 50 mm) tileconcrete slabs subject to moisture migrationmust have all seams in Schluter®-DITRA andSchluter®-DITRA-XL sealed with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND using unmodified thin-setmortar

Requirementsslab to be structurally soundslab to be free of waxy or oily films and curingcompounds (when present, mechanicalscarifying is necessary)the installation of Schluter®-DITRA orSchluter®-DITRA-XL and tile can begin assoon as the slab can be walked upon

Substrate Preparationany leveling or sloping of the slab orassembly must be done prior to installingSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL


Setting and Grouting Materialsunmodified thin-set mortar – ANSI A118.1grout – ANSI A118.3, A118.6, A118.7,A118.8


Other Considerationswhere a waterproof floor is required, allSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLseams and floor/wall transitions must besealed with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND usingunmodified thin-set mortar; see page 14certain moisture-sensitive stones, e.g., greenmarble, or resin-backed tiles may requirespecial setting materials. Consult stonesupplier and Schluter®-Systems for moreinformation.

08

10 CONCRETE — Floors, Interior - Ceramic or Stone Tile

Bonding ceramic or stone tiles directly to gypsum concrete substrates is generally considered questionable or not recommended. Thechallenges associated with gypsum-based underlayments include the requirement of an extended drying period before installing tile andcontinued sensitivity to the reintroduction of moisture throughout the life of the installation. In addition, since the coefficient of thermalexpansion of gypsum concrete is substantially greater than that of ceramic tile, shear stresses caused by temperature fluctuations canresult in delamination or cracking of the tile covering. This is particularly important when gypsum concrete is used as a thermal mass forradiant heated floors. With the increasing popularity of radiant heated floors, which typically utilize gypsum concrete, tile installers need areliable installation system to address these issues.

Schluter®-DITRA’s uncoupling function protects the ceramic or stone tile covering by neutralizing the differentialmovement stresses between the gypsum concrete substrate and the tile, thus eliminating the major cause of crackingand delaminating of the tiled surface.

Schluter®-DITRA’s waterproofing function prevents the reintroduction of moisture to gypsum concrete underlayments,which, if not prevented, could significantly compromise performance of the underlayment and lead to damage of the tiled surface.

The residual moisture in gypsum concrete is allowed to escape through the air channels on the underside of theSchluter®-DITRA matting. This is particularly important since gypsum concrete must dry in order to gain strength.


By addressing all of the challenges associated with today’s fast, lightweight construction methods, Schluter®-DITRA provides a durableinstallation system for ceramic and stone tile over gypsum substrates.

GYPSUMEvery substrate presents unique challenges

Floors, Interior - Ceramic or Stone Tile

D-G-TS-08

��





Gypsum concrete

Gypsum concreteAreas of Application

over gypsum concrete underlayment placedover structurally sound wood or concretesubfloorsinterior dry or wet areas


Requirementsfor wood substrates, subfloor/underlaymentconfiguration according to detail D-W16-T,D-W19-T, D-W24-T, or D-W24-XL-T; D-W24-XL-T for use with Schluter®-DITRA-XL onlywhere radiant heat tubes are laid over thesubfloor, gypsum poured to a height that is 3/4” (19 mm) above the tops of the tubes isrequired before installing Schluter®-DITRAand Schluter®-DITRA-XLresidual moisture in gypsum screed, 2.0%(percentage by volume) or less beforeinstalling Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL

Substrate Preparationgypsum – follow manufacturer’s directions



Installation Specificationstile – ANSI A108.5grout – ANSI A108.6, A108.9, A108.10gypsum – follow manufacturer’srecommendations

Other Considerationssince Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL must bond to the gypsum concrete,follow gypsum manufacturer’s recom-mendations regarding primers and/or specialsurface preparation before installing DITRAand DITRA-XLwhere a waterproof floor is required, allSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLseams and floor/wall transitions must besealed with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND usingunmodified thin-set mortar; see page 14certain moisture-sensitive stones, e.g., greenmarble, or resin-backed tiles may requirespecial setting materials. Consult stonesupplier and Schluter®-Systems for moreinformationvapor barrier on crawl space floors accordingto regional building codes.

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GYPSUM — Floors, Interior - Ceramic or Stone Tile 11

Radiant heating is one of the fastest growing market segments in the construction industry. Unlike other surface coverings, the low thermalresistivity of ceramic and stone tiles allows them to be used in radiant heat applications without sacrificing the energy efficiency of thesystem. However, there are inherent challenges in combining rigid surface coverings with radiant panel heating systems. A viableinstallation system must address the magnified fluctuations in temperature that contribute to increased shear stresses between the heatedassembly and the tile covering. The system must also limit thermal striping by promoting even heat distribution and protect the assemblyfrom moisture, which is particularly important when gypsum concrete is used as the thermal mass.

Differential movement stresses are magnified in radiant-heated floor applications because of significant temperaturegradients. Schluter®-DITRA’s uncoupling function protects the ceramic or stone tile covering by neutralizing thedifferential movement stresses between the heated assembly and the tile, thus eliminating the major cause of crackingand delaminating of the tiled surface.

Schluter®-DITRA’s waterproofing function provides simple, effective, and permanent protection for moisture-sensitivesubstrates, such as gypsum concrete and wood, used in heated floor applications.

The open rib structure of the Schluter®-DITRA matting allows the residual moisture in the substrate to escape. This isparticularly important for gypsum concrete since it must dry in order to gain strength. In addition, the free space beneaththe matting limits thermal striping by promoting even heat distribution throughout the assembly.


Schluter®-DITRA provides a reliable installation system that allows the integration of radiant heat and rigid surface coverings, enabling thetile contractor to take advantage of this rapidly growing market segment.

HEATED FLOORSEvery substrate presents unique challenges

Wood Substrate

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Electric thin-mat or wire

Latex p.c. mortar

Plywood or OSB


Electric thin-mat or wire systemAreas of Application

over any even and structurally soundsubstrateinterior dry or wet areas according to heatingsystem manufacturer’s recommendations


Requirementsfor wood substrates, subfloor/underlaymentconfiguration according to detail D-W16-T,D-W19-T, D-W24-T, D-W24-XL-T, or D-W-S;D-W24-XL-T for use with Schluter®-DITRA-XL only

Substrate Preparationany leveling of the assembly must be doneprior to installing Schluter®-DITRA andSchluter®-DITRA-XLadditional preparation according to heatingsystem manufacturer’s directions



Setting and Grouting Specificationstile – ANSI A108.5grout – ANSI A108.6, ANSI A108.9, ANSIA108.10heating system – follow manufacturer’sdirections

Other Considerationsvapor barrier on crawl space floors accordingto regional building codeswhere a waterproof floor is required, allSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLseams and floor/wall transitions must besealed with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND usingunmodified thin-set mortar; see page 14certain moisture-sensitive stones, e.g., greenmarble, or resin-backed tiles may requirespecial setting materials. Consult stonesupplier and Schluter®-Systems for moreinformation.

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12 HEATED FLOORS — Wood Substrate

Concrete Substrate

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Concrete

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Lightweight or gypsum concrete

Even and structurally sound substrate

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Wood Substrate

Thin slab (lightweight or gypsum concrete)Areas of Application

over lightweight or gypsum concrete thinslab placed over structurally sound wood or concrete subfloorinterior dry or wet areas


Requirementsfor wood substrates, subfloor/underlaymentconfiguration according to detail D-W16-T,D-W19-T, D-W24-T, or D-W24-XL-T; D-W24-XL-T for use with Schluter®-DITRA-XL onlywhere radiant heat tubes are laid over thesubfloor, gypsum or concrete fill poured to a height that is 3/4” (19 mm) above the topsof the tubes is required before installing Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLresidual moisture in gypsum concrete, 2.0%(percentage by volume) or less beforeinstalling Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL

Substrate Preparationgypsum or concrete – follow manufacturer’sdirections and/or design specificationsadditional substrate preparation according toheating system manufacturer’s directions

Movement JointsSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL donot eliminate the need for movement joints,

including perimeter joints, within the tiledsurface. Movement joints must be installedin accordance with industry standards andnorms; see page 20 of this Handbook, TCAEJ171, and TTMAC 301 MJ.


Setting and Grouting Specificationstile – ANSI A108.5grout – ANSI A108.6, A108.9, A108.10heating system – follow manufacturer’sdirections

Other Considerationsif gypsum concrete is used, follow gypsummanufacturer’s recommendations regardingprimers and/or special surface preparationbefore installing Schluter®-DITRA andSchluter®-DITRA-XLvapor barrier on crawl space floors accordingto regional building codeswhere a waterproof floor is required, allSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLseams and floor/wall transitions must besealed with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND usingunmodified thin-set mortar; see page 14certain moisture-sensitive stones, e.g., greenmarble, or resin-backed tiles may requirespecial setting materials. Consult stonesupplier and Schluter®-Systems for moreinformation.

Structural concrete slabAreas of Application

over structurally sound radiant-heatedconcrete floors

Limitationsminimum 2" x 2" (50 mm x 50 mm) tileconcrete slabs subject to moisture migrationmust have all seams in Schluter®-DITRA andSchluter®-DITRA-XL sealed with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND using unmodified thin-setmortar

Requirementsslab to be structurally soundslab to be free of waxy or oily films and curingcompounds (when present, mechanicalscarifying is necessary)the installation of Schluter®-DITRA orSchluter®-DITRA-XL and tile can begin assoon as the slab can be walked upon

Substrate Preparationany leveling or sloping of the slab orassembly must be done prior to installingSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL

Movement JointsSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL donot eliminate the need for movement joints,including perimeter joints, within the tiled

surface. Movement joints must be installedin accordance with industry standards andnorms; see page 20 of this Handbook, TCAEJ171, and TTMAC 301 MJ.



Other Considerationswhere a waterproof floor is required, allSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLseams and floor/wall transitions must besealed with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND usingunmodified thin-set mortar; see page 14certain moisture-sensitive stones, e.g., greenmarble, or resin-backed tiles may requirespecial setting materials. Consult stonesupplier and Schluter®-Systems for moreinformation.

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HEATED FLOORS 13

14 WATERPROOFING — Floors, Interior

Floors, Interior - Ceramic or Stone TileD-WP-08

Today’s construction methods, which include the use of lightweight, moisture-sensitivematerials, such as plywood, OSB, and gypsum concrete, have made the installation ofhard surface coverings particularly challenging. If wood or gypsum concrete substratesare exposed to moisture, the tile layer above can be damaged as a result.

Typical areas that require waterproofing include tub surrounds and showers. However,there are other commonly tiled areas that may, through unexpected circumstances,become exposed to significant amounts of water; for example, an overflowed toilet, orruptured dishwasher, icemaker, or washing machine lines, which can result in flooding.Waterproofing these floors can save an owner from replacing the tile assembly andsubstructure in the event of a leak.

Schluter®-DITRA installations can be made waterproof with minimal effort. Since thematting is made of waterproof polyethylene, the only extra step necessary is to seal theDITRA seams and floor/wall connections. This is easily accomplished by applyingSchluter®-KERDI-BAND to these areas using an unmodified thin-set mortar. Theresult is a waterproof installation that will not suffer damage in the event of anunexpected water leak.

Schluter®-DITRA meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Load Bearing, Bonded, Waterproof Membranes for Thin-Set Ceramic Tile andDimension Stone Installations (ANSI A118.10) It is listed by cUPC® and evaluated byICC-ES (ESR-2467).

WATERPROOFINGEvery substrate presents unique challenges

Tile or wood base


Schluter ®-RONDEC

Schluter ®-DILEX-EKE


Schluter ®-KERDI-BAND


Thin-set mortar per appropriate detail

Notes

Areas of Applicationover any even and structurally soundsubstrate where waterproofing is desired


Requirementsall seams in Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®

-DITRA-XL matting and floor/wall transitionsmust be sealed with Schluter®-KERDI-BANDusing unmodified thin-set mortar. Note:KERDI-BAND must lap DITRA at seams andat floor/wall transitions by a minimum of 2" (50 mm) in order to maintain water-proof integrity.

Other Considerationsseaming Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®

-DITRA-XL, including floor/wall connections,with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND may be appro-priate in cases where a break in the water lineof an ice maker or dishwasher can damage

pre-existing moisture-sensitive substratesand underlayments. KERDI-BAND floor/wallconnections are just as easily concealed withwood base as with tile. KERDI-BAND floor/wall connections in dishwasher alcoves areparged with thin-set mortar.in some applications the vertical section ofthe floor/wall transition will not accept a bondto unmodified thin-set mortar. Connectionsto such elements can be achieved usingSchluter®-KERDI-FIX or suitable trowel-applied waterproofing materials, such asthose that require atmospheric moisture tocure (e.g., urethane sealant).

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EXTERIOR APPLICATIONS — Concrete Substrate - Over Unoccupied Space 15

Ceramic and stone tiles are ideal surface coverings for the exterior and have been used successfully for thousands of years. Exteriorbalconies and terraces are ideal opportunities for the installation of tiled surfaces. However, these installations have typically presentedsignificant challenges to tile setters. Since hard surface coverings are rigid by nature and have different physical properties compared tovirtually every substrate, they cannot be bonded directly to the substrate, particularly in exterior applications where they are exposed topotentially severe climatic changes and the recurring introduction of moisture.

Schluter®-DITRA’s uncoupling function protects the ceramic or stone tile covering by neutralizing the differentialmovement stresses between the substrate and the tile, thus eliminating the major cause of cracking and delaminating ofthe tiled surface. This is particularly important since these stresses are magnified by the significant temperature gradientscommon to exterior applications.Schluter®-DITRA provides effective waterproofing that will protect the tile assembly from the recurring introduction ofwater, which is common in exterior applications.

The free space beneath the Schluter®-DITRA matting provides a route for any residual moisture in the substrate toescape. This is especially important when installing tile over a young slab, concrete slabs subject to moisture migration,or a fresh mortar bed.


Because Schluter®-DITRA is uniquely engineered to provide uncoupling, vapor management, and waterproofing, all of which are essentialfunctions in exterior environments, it provides a reliable installation system for ceramic and stone tile surface coverings in exterior applications.

EXTERIOR APPLICATIONSEvery substrate presents unique challenges

Concrete Substrate - Over Unoccupied Space

1. Sloped structureA sufficient slope (1.5 - 2%) is necessary for theproper function of the assembly. See note onoccupied space, pg. 16.

2. Schluter®-DITRA or Schluter®-DITRA-XLInstall Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLusing unmodified thin-set mortar.

3. Schluter®-BARA-RTKEdging profile with drip lip and support for theSchluter®-BARIN gutter system.

4. Schluter®-KERDI-BANDPolyethylene seaming tape, used to seal DITRAand DITRA-XL seams and floor/wall connectionswith unmodified thin-set mortar; see page 24.Note: The 7-1/4" (185 mm)-wide KERDI-BAND isused over the DITRA/BARA-RTK and DITRA-XL/BARA-RTK junctions.

5. Schluter®-KERDI-FIXElastomeric sealant, used to bond Schluter®

-KERDI-BAND to Schluter®-BARA profiles.6. Schluter®-DILEX-EKE

Corner movement profile for floor/wallconnections.

7. Schluter®-RONDEC or -JOLLYEdging profiles provide a clean finish for base tiles.Available in many different colors and finishes.Material: stainless steel or aluminum.

8. Schluter®-BARINColor-coated aluminum gutter system; completeline of system accessories available.

9. Schluter®-SCHIENE/-JOLLY/-RONDEC Color-coated aluminum profiles to matchSchluter®-BARA/-BARIN; also available in stainlesssteel.Note: Select profile size according to tile thick-ness; larger size will be required when used withDITRA-XL.

10. Ceramic or stone tileInstall surface covering using unmodified thin-set.

Note: Movement joints are mandatory; see page 20of this Handbook.

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ATTENTION CANADIAN READERS: This detail may not meet the requirements of local buildingcode; verify with the authority having jurisdiction on compliance. The National Building Code ofCanada (NBC) 2005 requires that a roofing membrane be used on all balconies, decks andterraces that are not a flow through surface, including areas over occupied or unoccupied space.For applications incorporating a roofing membrane, please refer to detail D-EXT-OS on page 18.

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16 EXTERIOR APPLICATIONS — Wood Substrate - Over Unoccupied Space

Wood Substrate - Over Unoccupied Space

1. Sloped wood structureA sufficient slope (1.5 - 2%) is necessary for theproper function of the assembly. Subfloor/underlayment configuration according to detail D-W16-T, D-W19-T, D-W24-T, D-W24-XL-T, or D-W-S; D-W24-XL-T for use with Schluter®-DITRA-XL only. Use exterior grade subfloor panels.

2. Exterior-rated cement backerboardSpread a supporting bed of unmodified thin-setmortar over the substrate using a 1/4" x 1/4" (6 x6 mm) square-notched trowel, and immediatelyembed the backerboard panel in the mortarleaving a 1/8" - 3/16" (3 - 5 mm) gap between allpanel edges and sides. Offset joints in thebackerboard panels in such a way that they do notline up with joints in the substrate. Fill gapsbetween panels with dry-set mortar and tape alljoints with 2" (50 mm)-wide alkali-resistant meshtape. Fasteners and fastening schedule permanufacturer’s directions.

3. Schluter®-DITRA or Schluter®-DITRA-XLInstall Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLon cement backerboard using unmodified thin-set mortar.

4. Schluter®-BARA-RTKEdging profile with drip lip and support for theSchluter®-BARIN gutter system.

5. Schluter®-KERDI-BANDPolyethylene seaming tape, used to seal DITRA andDITRA-XL seams and floor/wall connections withunmodified thin-set mortar; see page 24.Note: The 7-1/4" (185 mm)-wide KERDI-BAND isused over the DITRA/BARA-RTK and DITRA-XL/BARA-RTK junctions.

6. Schluter®-KERDI-FIXSingle-component elastomeric sealant, used tobond Schluter®-KERDI-BAND to Schluter®-BARAprofiles.

7. Schluter®-DILEX-EKECorner movement profile for floor/wall connections.


9. Schluter®-BARINGutter system made of color-coated aluminum, forwater management at the perimeter of balconiesand terraces. Also available: a complete line ofsystem accessories.

10. Schluter®-SCHIENE/-JOLLY/-RONDEC Color-coated aluminum profiles to matchSchluter®-BARA/-BARIN; also available in stain-less steel.Note: Select profile size according to tile thick-ness; larger size will be required when used withDITRA-XL.

11. Ceramic or stone tileInstall surface covering using unmodified thin-setmortar.


Note regarding occupied space: Occupied spaceis not limited to living space. For example, garages,open-air balconies with finished ceilings beneath, etc.,must be treated as occupied space. Please contactSchluter®-Systems with any questions.

Balcony assemblies with waterproofing, integrated gutter, andwaterproof wall connections can easily be built using Schluter® products,as indicated.

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ATTENTION CANADIAN READERS: This detail may not meet the requirements of local buildingcode; verify with the authority having jurisdiction on compliance. The National Building Code ofCanada (NBC) 2005 requires that a roofing membrane be used on all balconies, decks andterraces that are not a flow through surface, including areas over occupied or unoccupied space.For applications incorporating a roofing membrane, please refer to detail D-EXT-OS on page 18.

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EXTERIOR APPLICATIONS — Exterior Concrete Floors, Patios, and Walkways 17

Exterior Concrete Floors, Patios, and Walkways

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Concrete

Schluter®-BARA-RTK

Schluter®-BARA-RTK is an edging profile with a drip lip forinstallation over an existing sloped substrate. The profile has aspecial flange for attaching the Schluter®-BARIN gutter system.Schluter®-RONDEC or Schluter®-JOLLY can be laid over the top ofthe stepped bonding flange to finish the edge of the tile. As an alternative, tiles can be installed with an overhang.

Schluter®-BARA-RAK

Schluter®-BARA-RAK is a balcony edging profile with a drip lip.It is placed along the edge area of an existing sloped substrate.BARA-RAK is not equipped to accept the Schluter®-BARIN guttersystem. However, the system can be installed by drilling holes,9/32" (7 mm) in diameter, in the edging profile and subsequentlyattaching the gutter.

Schluter®-BARA-RW

Schluter®-BARA-RW is an L-shaped finishing profile made ofstainless steel or color-coated aluminum, for the protection ofexposed edge areas on balconies and terraces.

Concrete subfloorAreas of Application

exterior concrete where positive drainagebelow slab is providedyoung concrete (concrete cured less than 28days)post-tensioned or pre-stressed concrete

Limitationsminimum 2" x 2" (50 mm x 50 mm) tilefor applications over occupied space, seedetail D-EXT-OS, page 16. Garages, open-air balconies with finished ceilings under-neath, etc. must be treated as occupiedspace. Please contact Schluter®-Systemswith any questions.

Requirementsslab to be structurally soundslab/assembly must be sloped for completesurface drainagegravel bed or other means of drainage mustbe provided below slabslab to be free of waxy or oily films and curingcompounds (when present, mechanicalscarifying is necessary)all seams in Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL and floor/wall transitions must besealed with Schluter®-KERDI-BAND usingunmodified thin-set mortar; see page 24

Substrate Preparationsloping of the slab or assembly must bedone prior to installing Schluter®-DITRA andSchluter®-DITRA-XL


Setting and Grouting Materialsunmodified thin-set mortar – ANSI A118.1grout – A118.6, A118.7

Setting and Grouting Specificationstile – ANSI A108.5grout – A108.10

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18 EXTERIOR APPLICATIONS — Concrete or Wood Substrate - Over Occupied Space

Concrete or Wood Substrate - Over Occupied Space

1. Concrete or wood structureFor wood substrates, subfloor/underlaymentconfiguration according to detail D-W16-T, D-W19-T, D-W24-T, or D-W24-XL-T; D-W24-XL-Tfor use with Schluter®-DITRA-XL only

2. Roofing membrane The roofing membrane must be sufficiently sloped(1.5 - 2%) and is necessary for the proper functionof the assembly.

3. Schluter®-TROBA-PLUSDrainage mat for sustained water drainage

4. Mortar bedWire reinforced mortar bed, minimum thickness 1-1/2" (38 mm)

5. Edge insulation strip (compressible foam)

6. Schluter®-DITRA or Schluter®-DITRA-XLInstall Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLon mortar bed using unmodified thin-set mortar

7. Schluter®-BARA-RTKEdging profile with drip lip and support for theSchluter®-BARIN gutter system. Please see alsoSchluter®-Systems’ Illustrated Price List and visitschluter.com for more detailed information onSchluter®-BARA balcony edging profiles.

8. Schluter®-BARA-RKT-shaped finishing profile

9. Schluter®-KERDI-BANDPolyethylene seaming tape, used to seal DITRAand DITRA-XL seams and floor/wall connectionswith unmodified thin-set mortar; see page 24.

10. Schluter®-DILEX-EKECorner movement profile for floor/wallconnections.


12. Schluter®-BARINGutter system made of color-coated aluminum, forwater management at the perimeter of balconiesand terraces. Also available: a complete line of system accessories. Please see also Schluter®

-Systems’ Illustrated Price List and visitschluter.com for more detailed information on theSchluter®-BARIN gutter system.

13. Ceramic or stone tileInstall surface covering using unmodified thin-setmortar.


Note regarding occupied space: Occupied spaceis not limited to living space. For example, garages,open-air balconies with finished ceilings underneath,etc. must be treated as occupied space. Pleasecontact Schluter®-Systems with any questions.

Schluter® products make it easy to construct functional balconycoverings that include subsurface drainage, uncoupling/waterproofing,tightly sealed wall joints, and gutters.

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EXTERIOR APPLICATIONS — Concrete or Wood Substrate - Over Occupied Space 19

Schluter®-BARA-RK

Schluter®-BARA-RTK

Notes

Schluter®-TROBA/-TROBA-PLUS

Schluter®-TROBA and Schluter®-TROBA-PLUSare reliable, long-lasting drainage mats for installation

over horizontal, sloped waterproofing layers. Any waterthat penetrates the mortar bed is directed under normalgravitational force to the drainage exits. In addition, thewaterproofing layer is effectively protected from damage.

Schluter®-BARA-RTK

Schluter®-BARA-RTK is an edging profile with a drip lipfor installation over an existing sloped substrate. Theprofile has a special flange for attaching the Schluter®

-BARIN gutter system. Schluter®-RONDEC or Schluter®

-JOLLY can be laid over the top of the stepped bondingflange to finish the edge of the tile. As an alternative, tilescan be installed with an overhang.

Schluter®-BARA-RK

Schluter®-BARA-RK is a T-shaped finishing profile forscreeds. The finishing leg has a protruding drip lip, whichcovers the exposed edge of the Schluter®-TROBAdrainage mat.

A B

20 MOVEMENT JOINTS

MOVEMENT JOINTSEvery substrate presents unique challenges

DISCUSSIONMovement joints are an integral part of any tile assembly. The various components of atile assembly (tile, mortar, substrate, etc.) have unique physical characteristics that affecttheir behavior. Specifically, these components will expand and contract at differentrates, according to each component’s intrinsic physical properties, with changes inmoisture, temperature, and loading (both dead and live loads). This differentialexpansion/contraction of attached components results in internal stresses.Furthermore, structures that restrain overall expansion of the tile field (walls, columns,etc.) cause stress buildup within the system. If the aforementioned movements are notaccommodated through the use of movement joints in the tile field and at restrainingstructures, the resulting stresses can cause cracking of the grout and tile anddelamination of the tile from the substrate. Thus, movement joints are an essentialcomponent of any durable tile assembly.

SOLUTIONSMovement joints must be incorporated within the tile field, at doorsills, and at transitionsto walls and other restraining structures to allow movement of the assembly and preventstresses that can damage the system. Schluter®-Systems’ prefabricated movementjoint profiles protect tile edges and prevent sound bridges and surface waterpenetration, resulting in a permanent, maintenance-free installation. The family ofSchluter®-DILEX prefabricated movement profiles includes a variety of shapes, sizes,and materials to suit different applications. Please see Schluter®-Systems’ IllustratedPrice List and visit www.schluter.com for more detailed information on Schluter®-DILEXmovement profiles.

TECHNICAL NOTESThe Tile Council of North America (TCNA) and the Terrazzo, Tile, and Marble Associationof Canada (TTMAC) provide guidelines (EJ171 and 301MJ, respectively) for theplacement and construction of movement joints in and around the tile field. Schluter®-Systems accepts these guidelines. However, given the increased use of larger tiles,smaller grout joints, and lighter building materials, which are more susceptible tomovement, Schluter®-Systems recommends that movement joints within the tile field beplaced at more frequent intervals, as indicated below.

Guidelines for the placement of movement jointsField size not to exceed 400 ft2 (37.0 m2)Interior applications: 16' - 20' (4.9 m - 6.1 m) in each directionInterior areas exposed to direct sunlight, moisture, or heated floors: 12' - 16' (3.7 m- 4.9 m) in each directionExterior: 8' - 12' (2.4 m - 3.7 m) in each directionPlace around the perimeter of any size floor and/or against all restraining surfacesFields should be as square as possible. The ratio between length and width shouldnot exceed 1:1.5.

Notes

MOVEMENT JOINTS 21

1 Schluter®-DILEX-EKE

3 PERIMETER EXPANSION JOINT Expansion Joints

Cold (construction) joints occur where two successive placements of concrete meet.True cold joints bond the new concrete to the old and do not allow movement.However, it takes extra care to accomplish this, so they are usually designed to act asexpansion or control/contraction joints. Cold joints are treated in the same manner asexpansion joints. See above.

Cold Joints

Control/contraction joints are designed to induce controlled cracking caused by dryingand chemical shrinkage at preselected locations. They are typically formed by sawcutting, tooling, or through the use of inserts. Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XLare not separated at control/contraction joints; however, surface movement joints mustbe provided in the tile covering in accordance with the aforementioned guidelines. Seealso Surface Joints.

Control/Contraction Joints

Regarding structural and seismic expansion joints, please contact Schluter®-Systems at 1-800-472-4588 (USA) or 1-800-667-8746 (Canada) for proper installation guidelines.

Structural or Seismic Joints

Surface joints must be placed within the tiled surface regardless of substrate conditions. They provide for stress relief from movements in the tile field due to thermal and moistureexpansion/contraction and loading. See figure 4.

Surface Joints

Perimeter joints are provided at the outer edges of any tile installation to accommodatemovements attributable to changes in moisture, temperature, and loading. See figures1, 2, and 3.

If Schluter®-DILEX corner movement profiles will not be used, Schluter®-Systemsrecommends the use of sill seal (a compressible polyethylene gasket used to seal thegap between foundations and sill plates) as a quality control measure when providingperimeter movement joints. The sill seal band is placed against perimeter structuresbefore any component of the tile assembly is installed, (e.g., Schluter®-DITRA, Schluter®-DITRA-XL, additional underlayments including self-leveling materials, mortar beds, etc.See figures 2 and 3). After the tile is installed and grouted, any excess sill seal materialis cut away, leaving a movement joint with uniform width that is void of any mortar, grout,or other restraining materials that would render the joint ineffectual.

Perimeter Joints

Typical movement joint applications

2 SILL SEAL BAND

4 Schluter®-DILEX-BWS

Expansion joints permit both horizontal and vertical differential movements attributableto thermal and moisture expansion/contraction by providing a complete separation forthe full depth of the slab to allow for free movement between adjoining parts of astructure or abutting surfaces. They are typically placed at columns, walls, and anyother restraining surfaces. Expansion joints must be continued through the tile covering.

Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL are separated at expansion joints and the jointis continued through the tile covering using Schluter®-DILEX surface movement profiles.When DITRA and DITRA-XL are used as waterproofing, the abutted sections must becovered with Schluter®-KERDI-FLEX or Schluter®-KERDI-BAND.

22 MOVEMENT JOINTS

Schluter®-Systems understands that the tile setter must take into account the needs ofhis or her client in determining the placement of movement joints in a tile installation. Forexample, a client may not wish to interrupt a continuous tile field that spans multiplerooms. However, as indicated by the orange lines above, there are ways to meetindustry guidelines that will serve to provide the client with a durable installation thatremains aesthetically pleasing.

Nook

Kitchen

FamilyRoom

Living/DiningRoom

Study/Office

MasterSuite

Note regarding residential applicationsDue to the increased popularity of continuous tile installations (i.e., tile continuing fromroom to room on a given floor), movement joints have become both increasinglyimportant and increasingly difficult to provide. For instance, consider the residentialinstallation shown in Figure 5. It is almost certain that the homeowner will resist the ideaof placing movement joints across any of the rooms shown in the figure, despite TCNA,TTMAC, and Schluter®-Systems guidelines. However, the need for movement joints inthis installation is undeniable, given the extended size of the field. The question thenbecomes, “How does one provide the movement joints necessary to ensure a durableinstallation without compromising the aesthetic qualities of the continuous tile field?”

The easiest way to accomplish this goal is to begin by providing movement joints at theperimeter of the installation. Perimeter joints are absolutely necessary and do notinterrupt the tile field. The next step would be to place movement joints at the thresholdsbetween rooms or where a tiled hallway meets a larger tiled room. These locations arerelatively inconspicuous and the lines formed by the movement joints are logical in thatthey reflect the natural perimeter of each room. Finally, determine if any othercharacteristics of the floor plan invite the placement of additional movement joints. Inthis example, the intersection of the nook area and kitchen/family room may be areasonable choice.

Figure 5

Figure 2 Figure 1

Figures 1 & 2 – Typical Subfloor/Underlayment Detail (Not to Scale)

WOOD UNDERLAYMENT 23

WOOD UNDERLAYMENTPlywood/OSB underlayment installation guidelines

Plywood/OSB Type and Fastener Schedule Guidelines

Plywood/OSB Grades

Exposure 1, plugged-face

plywood or OSB

3/8 (10)1/2 (13)

Greater than 1/2 (13)

Plywood/OSB Thickness - in (mm)

Maximum On-Center Fastener Spacing - in (mm)Panel Edges Field

4 (102)4 (102)6 (152)

6 (152)6 (152)6 (152)

DISCUSSIONIn some applications referenced in this Handbook, adding a layer of plywood or OSBbefore installing Schluter®-DITRA and the ceramic or stone tile covering is required toreduce deflection and curvature of the sheathing between the joists.

INSTALLATION GUIDEPlace underlayment panels (Exposure 1, plugged-face plywood or OSB of minimum 3/8"(10 mm) thickness) with long dimension perpendicular to floor joists such that the followingconditions are met:1. Abut all underlayment end joints at quarter points between joists.

Example: Abut underlayment panels on either side of the joist centerline at: 4" (102 mm) for 16" (406 mm) o.c. joists, 5" (127 mm) for 19.2" (488 mm) o.c. joists, or6" (152 mm) for 24" (610 mm) o.c. joists (see figures 1 & 2).

Note: Underlayment end joints should be placed as far away from subfloor end jointsas possible.

2. Underlayment to overlap edge joints of subfloor by 1/2 of the width of the subfloorpanel (24" - 610 mm). At restraining surfaces, overlap may be less than 24" (610 mm)when the subfloor panel is less than 48" (1.2 m)-wide (see figure 1).

3. Gap underlayment panels 1/8" (3 mm) on all ends and edges, and 1/4" (6 mm) atperimeter walls, cabinetry, or other restraining surfaces.

The following guidelines must be followed when fastening underlayment panels:

1. Use ring shank nails or screws (no drywall screws).

2. Fasteners must pass through entire thickness of underlayment and subfloor panelswith minimal penetration into joists (see figure 2).

FINAL WORDAs stated previously, Schluter®-Systems requires that any underlayment panel must havea minimum thickness of 3/8" (10 mm). When in doubt, increase underlayment thickness.

24 INSTALLATION

INSTALLATIONSchluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL

ESTIMATED THIN-SET COVERAGETo bond DITRA and DITRA-XL to thesubstrate: Use one 50-lb. (22.68 kg) bag ofmortar per 150 - 200 ft2 (13.9 - 18.6 m2).To bond the tile to the DITRA, using a 1/4"x 3/8" (6 mm x 10 mm) square- or U-notched trowel: Use one 50-lb (22.68 kg)bag of mortar per 40 - 50 ft2 (3.7 - 4.6 m2).To bond the tile to the DITRA-XL, using a1/4" x 3/8" (6 mm x 10 mm) square- or U-notched trowel: Use one 50-lb (22.68 kg)bag of mortar per 35 - 45 ft2 (3.3 - 4.2 m2).

A step-by-step installation video is available. E-mail us at [email protected] or call us at 1-800-472-4588 (USA) or 1-800-667-8746 (Canada). To see avideo clip, go to www.schluter.com.

Using a thin-set mortar that is suitable for thesubstrate, apply the thin-set mortar (mixed to afairly fluid consistency, but still able to hold anotch) using a 1/4" x 3/16" (6 mm x 5 mm)V-notched trowel, 5/16" x 5/16" (8 mm x 8 mm)V-notched trowel, or the Schluter®-DITRA trowel,which features a 11/64" x 11/64" (4.5 mm x 4.5 mm) square-notched design.

Apply Schluter®-DITRA or Schluter®-DITRA-XL tothe floor, fleece side down. Solidly embed thematting into the bonding mortar using a float orscreed trowel (please observe the open time ofthe bonding mortar). For joining sections ofDITRA or DITRA-XL, simply abut end and sidesections of adjacent sheets.

Lift up a corner of the matting to check coverage.Proper installation results in full contact betweenthe fleece webbing and the thin-set mortar.

WaterproofingThe following steps are required for waterproofing only:

At the joints, fill the cut-back cavitieswith unmodified thin-set mortar,approximately 8" (203 mm) wide,centered over the joint.

Comb additional unmodified thin-set mortar over the joint using a 1/4" x3/16" (6 mm x 5 mm) V-notched trowel or the Schluter®-KERDI trowel,which features a 1/8" x 1/8" (3 mm x 3 mm) square-notched design. Usingthe flat side of the trowel, firmly press the 5" (127 mm)-wide Schluter®

-KERDI-BAND into the mortar to ensure 100% coverage and to removeexcess mortar and air pockets.

At all wall junctions, apply a 10" (254 mm)-wide strip of Schluter®

-KERDI-BAND as described in steps 1 – 3, centered where the wall and floor meet.

Easy Step-by-Step Installation

1 2

1 2 3 4

NotesKERDI-BAND must lap DITRA and DITRA-XL at seams and at floor/wall transitions by a minimum of 2" (50 mm) in order to maintain waterproof integrity.In some applications the vertical section of the floor/wall transition will not accept a bond to unmodified thin-set mortar. Connections to such elementscan be achieved using Schluter®-KERDI-FIX or suitable trowel-applied waterproofing materials, such as those that require atmospheric moisture to cure(e.g., urethane sealant).

Tile can be installed over Schluter®-DITRA andSchluter®-DITRA-XL immediately; no need to waitfor the mortar to cure. Using a trowel that isappropriate for the size of the tile, apply thebonding mortar (unmodified thin-set mortar) andsolidly embed the tiles in the setting material.Periodically remove and check a tile to ensure thatfull coverage is being attained.

3

08

08

08

08

08

THIN-SET FACTS 25

QUESTION

Can ceramic tile, including porcelain tile, be set on Schluter®

-DITRA with unmodified thin-set mortar?

ANSWER

YES. In fact, we recommend it. Here's why:

THIN-SET FACTSDiscussion of thin-set mortars and Schluter®-DITRA installations

Portland cement-based unmodified thin-set mortars are dependent on the presence ofmoisture for hydration in order to gain strength. Since Schluter®-DITRA is impervious, itdoes not deprive the mortar of its moisture. This allows the cement to properly hydrate,resulting in a strong, dense bond coat. In fact, after the mortar has reached final set(usually within 24 hours), unmodified thin-set mortars achieve higher strengths whencured in continually moist conditions.

QUESTION

Can ceramic tile, including porcelain tile, be set on Schluter®

-DITRA with latex-modified thin-set mortar?

ANSWER

We DON’T recommend it. Here's why:Latex-modified mortars must air dry for the polymers to coalesce and form a hard filmin order to gain strength. When sandwiched between two impervious materials such asSchluter®-DITRA and ceramic tile, including porcelain tile, drying takes place very slowlythrough the open joints in the tile covering. [According to the TCA Handbook forCeramic Tile Installation, this drying period can fluctuate from 14 days to over 60 days,depending on the geographic location, the climatic conditions, and whether theinstallation is interior or exterior]. Therefore, extended cure times would be requiredbefore grouting if using modified thin-set mortars between DITRA and ceramic tile,including porcelain tile. If extended cure times were not observed, the results could beunpredictable. This is even more important to consider in exterior applications that areexposed to rain as there is the additional concern of latex leaching.

ADDITIONAL NOTES15 years of field experience and testing by the Tile Council of North America (TCNA)support the efficacy of using unmodified thin-set mortars to bond ceramic tile, includingporcelain tile, to Schluter®-DITRA in both interior and exterior applications. See relevanttesting data on page 26.

Remember, the type of mortar used to apply Schluter®-DITRA depends on the type ofsubstrate. The mortar must bond to the substrate and mechanically anchor the fleeceon the underside of the DITRA. For example, bonding DITRA to wood requires latex-modified thin-set mortar. When bonding DITRA to particularly dry, porous concrete withunmodified thin-set mortar, the slab should be moistened to saturate the concrete andhelp prevent premature drying of the mortar. Excess or standing surface water must beremoved prior to installation. Additionally, all mortars (modified and unmodified) have anacceptable temperature range that must be observed during application and curing.

Notes

26 TESTING

TESTINGEvaluation of mortar types used with Schluter®-DITRAAs stated previously in this Handbook, Schluter®-Systems recommends the use of unmodified thin-set mortar between Schluter®

-DITRA and the ceramic or porcelain tile covering. In this section, we will address concerns regarding the use of unmodified mortar overDITRA and provide insight into the overall function of the tile assembly using experimental data. The Tile Council of North America wascontracted to perform independent testing of all experimental setups described hereafter.

A popular misconception in the tile industry is that porcelain tile cannot be bonded using unmodified mortar. To show that unmodifiedmortar will provide the necessary performance in Schluter®-DITRA installation systems, the following tests were performed. First,unmodified mortars from two different manufacturers were used to bond porcelain tile to DITRA over a single layer of 3/4" plywood withjoists spaced at 19.2" o.c. The two installations were tested according to the ASTM C627 “Standard Test Method for Evaluating CeramicFloor Tile Installation Systems Using the Robinson Type Floor Tester” and produced ratings of heavy and light. Heavy indicates aperformance level acceptable for shopping malls, stores, commercial kitchens, work areas, laboratories, auto showrooms and serviceareas, shipping/receiving, and exterior decks, while light indicates a performance level acceptable for light commercial use in office space,reception areas, kitchens, and bathrooms. Given that the test assemblies only utilized a single layer of plywood, these high-performanceratings demonstrate that unmodified mortar can provide a secure bond even over a bending and deflecting substrate. Tiles were removedfrom each of the ASTM C627 specimens after the Robinson test was complete, and then used to evaluate shear bond strength betweenthe unmodified mortar and the tile. Test results are summarized in the table below.

Mortar Type(Applicable ANSI Standard)

Manufacturer 2 Unmodified (A118.1)

TCA-186-03

Specimens:Average:

Specimens:Average:

327, 267, 267, 246277

425, 381, 275, 377365

TCA-073-03Manufacturer 1

Unmodified (A118.1)

Shear Test Results†

(psi)

*Test Setup:1. 2" x 2" joists spaced 19.2" o.c.2. APA-rated “Exposure 1” tongue-and-groove plywood subfloor; 3/4" thickness3. Spray-dried latex-modified mortar in Test TCA-046-03 and liquid-emulsion latex-modified mortar in Test TCA-126-03 (ANSI A118.4)4. Schluter®-DITRA mat5. Unmodified mortar, as indicated in table above (ANSI A118.1)6. 12" x 12" porcelain tile; 3/8" nominal thickness7. Sanded, spray-dried latex-modified portland cement grout (ANSI A118.7)

† Tile samples removed from ASTM C627 test specimens and evaluated for shear bond strength between mortar and tile

Given concern over freeze/thaw performance of unmodified mortar, the next set of tests included shear bond tests of porcelain tile bondedto concrete with and without Schluter®-DITRA after exposure to freeze-thaw cycles in accordance with ANSI A118.4 (F5.2.6). An unmodified mortar was used in one installation, while a liquid-emulsion latex-modified mortar from the same manufacturer was used inthe other. It should be noted that when used between two impervious materials, such as porcelain tile and DITRA, latex-modified mortarsmust be afforded extended drying times. According to the TCA Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation, the necessary drying period canfluctuate from 14 days to over 60 days when using latex-modified mortar. Since unmodified mortars do not require a drying period (andactually benefit from continued water presence), they allow for normal use of the tile installation in a fraction of the time and, as shown inthe test data in the table below, provide more than adequate performance.

Mortar Type(Applicable ANSI Standard)

Manufacturer 1 Liquid-Emulsion Latex-modified (A118.4)

199

Tile Bonded to Concrete (ANSI A118.4)—

Specimens:Average:

Specimens:Average:

66, 61, 70, 6265

53, 57, 58, 7561

208Manufacturer 1

Unmodified (A118.1)

Tile and DITRA Bonded to Concrete (ANSI A118.10)°

‡ All specimens subjected to freeze/thaw cycles in accordance with ANSI A118.4 (F5.2.6)_ ANSI A118.4 requires minimum shear bond strength of 175 psi° ANSI A118.10 requires minimum shear bond strength of 50 psi

ASTM C627 TestRating*

TCA-126-03 (A)

TCA-046-03 (B)

Light (9 cycles)

Heavy (13 cycles)

Tests were also performed on Schluter®-DITRA assemblies using unmodified thin-set mortar over concrete according to ASTM C627. Thetwo assemblies produced ratings of Extra Heavy, indicating a performance level acceptable for extra heavy and high impact use in foodplants, dairies, breweries, and kitchens, and Light, indicating a performance level suitable for light commercial use in office space, receptionareas, kitchens, and bathrooms. Variation in the performance levels achieved is attributable to the different tile used. Test results aresummarized in the table below.

Substrate ASTM C627 TestRating

Concrete

Test ReportNumber

Extra Heavy (14 cycles)

Mortar Type (ApplicableANSI Standard)

Unmodified (A118.1)

Tile

12" x 12" porcelain; 5/16" nominal thickness

2" x 2" porcelain; 1/4" nominal thickness

Grout (Applicable ANSI Standard)

Polymer Modified Cement Grout (A118.7)

Polymer Modified Cement Grout (A118.7)Unmodified (A118.1)Concrete Light (6 cycles) TCNA-057-06

TCNA-039-06

Test Report NumberTest Report Number

Shear Test Results‡ (psi) Test Report TCA-145-03

HOW DOES IT WORK? 27

HOW DOES IT WORK?Explanation of how Schluter®-DITRA functionsTo understand how the DITRA system works, it is important to first understand what a tile assembly is, how it functions, and how stressesoccur within the assembly. A tile installation is a composite assembly that consists of layered components (underlayments, bondingmortars, tile, etc.). The primary sources of stress in this composite system are movements due to loading, changes in temperature, andchanges in moisture content (either in the substructure or in the components of the tile assembly, including the tile itself). When aninstallation is subjected to these movements, compressive and tensile stresses develop within the assembly and interact to produce shearstresses at the interfaces between the layered components. Therefore, a tile assembly must be able to perform well under load and, atthe same time, provide flexibility within the shear plane.

The method used to establish the overall performance of a tile assembly under loading is the ASTM C627 "Standard Test Method forEvaluating Ceramic Floor Tile Installation Systems Using the Robinson Type Floor Tester." The assembly is tested in cycles using a loaded,revolving carriage. Load, wheel hardness, and number of revolutions vary with each cycle. Once a specified level of damage is exceeded,the test is stopped. The Tile Council of North America (TCA) Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation assigns performance levels to anassembly based on the number of cycles successfully completed. The ratings include residential, light, moderate, heavy, and extra heavy,in order of improving performance.

The TCNA conducted the tests shown below, which included a single layer of plywood (3/4" thick) over joists spaced at 19.2" o.c.,Schluter®-DITRA bonded using modified thin-set mortar (ANSI A118.4), 12" x 12" porcelain tile (3/8" thick) bonded using unmodified thin-set mortar (ANSI A118.1), and modified portland cement grout (ANSI A118.7).

This flexibility is readily apparent when the overall DITRA assembly is subjected to shear testing. In the tests shown below, porcelain tilewas bonded to concrete using unmodified thin-set mortar meeting ANSI A118.1. One specimen included Schluter®-DITRA, while the otherdid not. The results show that the amount of stress developed in the system when the tile layer is displaced is significantly reduced throughthe inclusion of DITRA, which is due to the product’s flexibility in the shear plane.

Number of Cycles Passed

HeavyLight

TCA-046-03 (B)TCA-126-03 (A)

Rating

The two installations produced ratings of heavy and light, according to the TCA Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation. “Heavy” indicatesa performance level acceptable for shopping malls, stores, commercial kitchens, work areas, laboratories, auto showrooms and serviceareas, shipping/receiving, and exterior decks, while “light” indicates a performance level acceptable for light commercial use in office space,reception areas, kitchens, and bathrooms.

Given that the test assemblies consisted of only a single layer of plywood over joists spaced at 19.2" o.c. (a bending and deflectingsubstrate), these ratings demonstrate that Schluter®-DITRA performs extremely well under load while at the same time providing flexibilitywithin the shear plane.

139

When placed on a solid foundation, columns or pillars can support tremendous loads. The same physical principle appliesto DITRA installations. Column-like mortar structures are formed in the cutback cavities of the matting. Loads aretransferred from the tile covering through these column-like mortar structures to the substrate. Since mortar has a veryhigh compressive strength, DITRA becomes virtually incompressible within the tile assembly and, therefore, doesn’tsacrifice load-distribution capabilities of the system.

DITRA provides uncoupling (geometric flexibility) through its open rib structure, which allows for in-plane movement thateffectively neutralizes the differential movement stresses between the substrate and the tile.

Assembly

20865

Tile over concreteTile and DITRA over concrete

Average Maximum Shear Stress (psi)

Tile has been successfully installed for thousands of years by incorporating an uncoupling layer, or forgiving shear interface, between thetile assembly and the substrate. This practice has evolved from the sand-strata method (tile set in mortar over a layer of tamped sand) tothe unbonded mortar bed method (tile set in mortar over a cleavage membrane). However, this alone does not ensure a high-performancetile installation. The tile covering must be well supported so that loads can be distributed through the assembly to the substructure withoutdamaging the tile covering. Therefore, a viable tile assembly must be designed to incorporate both support/ load distribution of the tilelayer and flexibility within the shear plane (e.g., a traditional unbonded mortar bed allows for flexibility at the shear plane through a cleavagemembrane, but still provides a solid base for the tile layer).

Since Schluter®-DITRA utilizes geometric flexibility in the shear plane rather than material flexibility, the advantages of uncoupling areachieved without sacrificing load-distribution capabilities of the tile assembly. Thus, it is the combination of geometric flexibility in the shearplane and support in the normal direction that allows Schluter®-DITRA to protect the tile layer from stresses due to loading and changesin temperature and moisture.

Test Report Number

28 SOUND CONTROL

SOUND CONTROLDiscussion of sound control in conjunction with ceramic & stone tileControlling sound transmission through floor/ceiling assemblies in multi-story construction can present challenges to architects and designprofessionals, particularly when hard surface coverings, including ceramic and stone tiles, are used. This is because sound controlmaterials tend to be compressible and may not provide adequate support for the tile layer in thin-set applications. However, there arepractical methods that allow for the use of tile and stone while providing sound transmission control.

Sound transmission categories, evaluation, and code requirements

The first category is airborne sound, such as speaking, music, etc. Airborne sound transmission is measured using standard test methods.For example, the ASTM E90 and ASTM E336 test methods are commonly used for laboratory and field measurement of airborne soundtransmission, respectively. The results from these tests are then used to calculate a single-number rating per ASTM E413 that is calledsound transmission class (STC) or field sound transmission class (FSTC).

The second category is impact sound, such as foot traffic, dropped items, etc. The ASTM E492 and ASTM E1007 test methods arecommonly used for laboratory and field measurement of impact sound transmission, respectively. The results from these tests are thenused to calculate a single-number rating per ASTM E989 that is called impact insulation class (IIC) or field impact insulation class (FIIC).The ASTM E2179 test method was developed to provide a means of evaluating the flooring assembly’s contribution to a concrete floor.The contribution of the flooring assembly to the IIC of the slab is calculated and reported as the ΔIIC (delta IIC).

Building codes typically contain requirements for both STC and IIC. For example, the International Building Code (IBC) calls out minimumvalues of 50 for STC and IIC or 45 for FSTC and FIIC as an alternative to laboratory testing. The International Residential Code (IRC) callsout minimum values of 45 for STC and IIC. Condominium associations may have their own minimum requirements for sound attenuationas well.

Factors affecting performance

Airborne sound transmission through floor/ceiling assemblies can be reduced effectively by increasing the mass of the assembly andintroducing suspended ceilings with sound insulation in the cavities. In general, STC ratings are largely independent of the choice of floorcovering. Furthermore, the methods used to improve STC ratings as called out above do not have adverse effects on the floor covering.Thus, airborne sound transmission control is not a challenge to be addressed by the tile industry.

Impact sound control performance is dependent upon both the floor/ceiling structure and the floor covering itself. In general, impact soundcontrol with hard surface coverings is best achieved with floating systems that incorporate resilient layers.

A 6" (152 mm)-thick concrete slab will produce an IIC rating of approximately 28 without the floor covering or ceiling assembly. The directapplication of tile will not significantly improve the IIC rating. When flexible underlayments (membranes) are used in a thin-set assemblythe IIC rating can be improved, though the use of additional sound attenuation methods (e.g., sound-rated ceilings) are typically necessaryto meet required minimums. As resilient layers within a thin-set assembly are made thicker and more flexible sound control tends toimprove, but load-bearing capacity is reduced. This is the inherent limitation of thin-set assemblies for sound control. However, relativelythick and resilient sound underlayments can be combined with a load-distribution layer (e.g., mortar bed, lightweight concrete topping,poured gypsum underlayment) to provide excellent results (sound control meeting code minimums) without a sound-rated ceiling and stillprovide good support for the tile assembly. For example, research has shown that a 1-3/8" (35 mm)-thick concrete topping over 1" (25 mm)-thick mineral fiber board on a 6" (152 mm)-thick concrete slab will produce an average IIC rating of approximately 60 to 65without the floor covering or ceiling assembly, which far exceeds code minimums.

Wood-frame construction typically consists of a plywood or OSB subfloor supported on joists with gypsum board used to finish the ceilingunderneath. The first step in improving impact sound control is to ensure that the gypsum board ceiling is not directly attached to thejoists. Resilient channels are used to provide isolation between the gypsum board and the joists. Sound insulation batts are placed in thecavities between joists as well. This type of assembly will produce an IIC rating of approximately 45 before the flooring assembly is installed.This rating can be improved by increasing the mass of the assembly (e.g., adding another layer of gypsum board to the ceiling orplywood/OSB to the floor). The direct application of tile over the subfloor can actually lower the IIC rating of this assembly. Using flexibleunderlayments may mitigate this effect or even improve the IIC rating, but currently there is no standard test method available to quantifythe contribution of a flooring assembly to wood-frame construction in general. Again, the use of relatively thick and resilient soundunderlayments can be combined with a load-distribution layer to provide significant sound control and a solid base for tile installation.

Schluter®-DITRA

Schluter®-Systems has never promoted Schluter®-DITRA as a sound control system. However, DITRA provides a degree of soundattenuation similar to various thin-set sound control membranes. Schluter®-DITRA and ceramic tile were tested* over a 6" (152 mm)-thickconcrete slab and the measured IIC rating of this assembly was 10 points greater than the measured IIC rating of the bare slab (IIC bareslab = 28, IIC slab w/DITRA and tile = 38). This level of performance is not sufficient to meet typical code requirements without additionalsound control measures. As discussed above, the use of a sound control underlayment in combination with a load-distribution layer suchas a mortar bed, lightweight concrete, or gypsum concrete can significantly improve the IIC rating of the assembly. Sound-rated ceilingscan improve the IIC rating as well.

* Please note that this testing was performed prior to the approval of the ASTM E2179 standard test method and used a smaller specimensize (4 ft x 4 ft) than required by existing sound control test method standards.

Installation Considerations

In laboratory testing, sound energy transmission is effectively directed through the test specimen only, with negligible transfer through otherpaths. In other words, the values recorded provide an accurate picture of the sound control characteristics of the test specimen itself.However, in construction, floor/ceiling assemblies and wall assemblies are connected to form the final structure and there is potential forinteraction between these elements. Floor/ceiling assemblies may not perform as expected in the field with respect to both airborne andimpact sound control if they are not isolated from adjacent walls to prevent sound energy transfer. Thus, perimeter joints serve toaccommodate expansion of the tile assembly and prevent “flanking” sound transfer. Schluter®-Systems provides a range of prefabricatedmovement joint profiles that can be used to limit movement stresses due to changes in moisture content, temperature, and loading andlimit sound energy transfer.

PRODUCT & ORDERING INFO 29

PRODUCT & ORDERING INFO

Schluter®-DITRASchluter®-DITRA is a pressure-stable polyethylene membrane, vacuum-formed in a cutback grid design, with an anchoring fleece laminated to itsunderside. DITRA is 1/8" (3 mm) in height.

The ordering information for the Schluter®-DITRA, Schluter®-DITRA-XL and Schluter®-KERDI components outlined in this Handbookis located below. For technical support, Illustrated Price List, or to receive additional information on our complete product line, please call1-800-472-4588 (USA) or 1-800-667-8746 (Canada), or visit our comprehensive web site at www.schluter.com.

Schluter®-KERDI-BANDSchluter®-KERDI-BAND is a polyethylene waterproofing strip with a fleece webbing on both sides used to seal butt joints and floor/wall connections withthe KERDI and DITRA mattings, as well as profile connections with the BARA balcony edging profile series.

Note: 1 mil = 1 one-thousandth of an inch

Schluter®-DITRA

Item No.

DITRA 5MDITRA 150DITRA 30

Dimensions

3' 3" x 16' 5" = 54 ft2 (1 m x 5 m = 5 m2)3' 3" x 45' 9" = 150 ft2 (1 m x 14 m = 14 m2)3' 3" x 98' 5" = 323 ft2 (1 m x 30 m = 30 m2)

Uncoupling and waterproofing membrane

Schluter®-KERDI-BAND

Item No.

KEBA 100/125/5MKEBA 100/185/5MKEBA 100/250/5MKEBA 100/125KEBA 100/185KEBA 100/250

Thickness

4 mil4 mil4 mil4 mil4 mil4 mil

Waterproofing stripWidth Length

5" - 125 mm7-1/4" - 185 mm

10" - 250 mm5" - 125 mm

7-1/4" - 185 mm10" - 250 mm

16' 5" - 5 m16' 5" - 5 m16' 5" - 5m98' 5" - 30 m98' 5" - 30 m98' 5" - 30 m

Schluter®-KERDI-FLEX

Item No.

FLEX 125/5MFLEX 250/5MFLEX 125/30FLEX 250/30

Thickness

8 mil8 mil

12 mil12 mil

Waterproofing strip for use above movement jointsWidth Length

5" - 125 mm10" - 250 mm5" - 125 mm

10" - 250 mm

16' 5" - 5 m16' 5" - 5 m98' 5" - 30 m98' 5" - 30 m

Schluter®-KERDI-FLEXSchluter®-KERDI-FLEX is a flexible polyethylene waterproofing strip used to seal movement joints over Schluter®-DITRA in specialty applications wherelarge movements are expected, i.e. over expansion joints or construction joints.


Schluter®-DITRA-XLSchluter®-DITRA-XL is a pressure-stable polyethylene membrane, vacuum-formed in a cutback grid design, with an anchoring fleece laminated to itsunderside. DITRA-XL is 5/16" (7 mm) in height.

Schluter®-DITRA-XL

Item No.

DITRA-XL/175

Dimensions

3' 3" x 53' 3" = 175 ft2 (1 m x 16.25 m = 16.25 m2)

Uncoupling and waterproofing membrane

08

30 PRODUCT & ORDERING INFO

Schluter®-KERDI-KMSchluter®-KERDI-KM is a pipe collar designed to be used in conjunction with Schluter®-KERDI-FIX to seal the Schluter®-KERDI or Schluter®-DITRAmattings around pipes or other similar elements that penetrate the waterproofing layer.

Schluter®-KERDI-KM

Item No.

KM 5117/22

Packaging

5 units

Pipe collarDimensions Thickness

7" x 7" - 175 x 175 mmHole diameter, ø = 22 mm - 7/8"

4 mil


Schluter®-KERDI-FIXSchluter®-KERDI-FIX is a single-component sealing and bonding compound with a silane-modified polymer base. It is odor-neutral, UV- and weather-resistant, and contains no solvents. Schluter®-KERDI-FIX is elastomeric and bonds well to most materials, such as wood, stone, concrete, metal, glass, andmany plastics. Schluter®-KERDI-FIX is suitable for the bonding of Schluter®-KERDI waterproofing membrane to Schluter®-BARA balcony profiles and tovertical sections of floor/wall transitions that will not accept a bond to unmodified thin-set mortar. Schluter®-KERDI-FIX is also suitable for use as a sealantor as a joint filling compound.

Schluter®-KERDI-FIX

Item No.

KERDI-FIX/color Cartridge (290 ml)

Sealing and bonding compoundDescription

BWBrightwhite

GGrey

*Color Codes

Schluter®-KERDI-KERECK-FSchluter®-KERDI-KERECK-F are pre-formed sections of KERDI for producing inside and outside corners.

Inside Corner (I) Outside Corner (O)

Schluter®-KERDI-KERECK-F

Item No.

KERECK/FI 2KERECK/FI 10

Packaging

2 Inside corners10 Inside corners

Pre-formed waterproofing for inside and outside cornersThickness

4 mil4 mil


KERECK/FA 2KERECK/FA 10

2 Outside corners10 Outside corners

4 mil4 mil

Schluter®-DITRA/-KERDI TrowelsUsed to install Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-KERDI membranes. The DITRA trowel features a11/64" x 11/64" (4.5 mm x 4.5 mm) square-notched design while the KERDI trowel features a1/8" x 1/8" (3 mm x 3 mm) square-notched design.

Schluter®-DITRA/-KERDI Trowels

Item No.

TRL-DIT/6TRL-KER/6

Packaging

6 units6 units

Trowels used to install Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-KERDINotch Size

11/64" x 11/64" (4.5 mm x 4.5 mm)1/8" x 1/8" (3 mm x 3 mm)

WARRANTY 31

Subject to the conditions and limitations as stated hereinafter, Schluter Systems L.P. warrants that Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®

-DITRA-XL (the “Products”) will meet all composition and performance criteria for a period of five (5) years from the date of purchase onlywhen the Products are used and installed in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Schluter®-DITRA Installation Handbook andindustry standard guidelines that are not in conflict with the Handbook.

If the Products fail to meet this warranty, Schluter Systems L.P. will at its election reinstall or replace the failed portion of the floor coveringassembly. Floor covering assembly is defined to include all Schluter®-DITRA and Schluter®-DITRA-XL materials, non-reusable flooringsurfaces, and the appropriate setting and grouting materials.

Further, due to conditions beyond the control of Schluter Systems L.P. (e.g., color and shade availability, discontinuation, normal wear andtear), Schluter Systems L.P. cannot guarantee or warrant an exact match to the specific tile, stone, or other flooring materials used in theinstallation. In such events, substantially similar materials may be substituted.

WARRANTY DISCLAIMER: THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES BEYOND THIS EXPRESSED WARRANTY AS STATED ABOVE. ALL OTHERWARRANTIES, REPRESENTATIONS OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, ARE DISCLAIMED AND EXCLUDED, INCLUDINGWARRANTIES, REPRESENTATIONS OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARISINGBY STATUTE OR OTHERWISE BY LAW OR FROM A COURSE OF DEALING OR USAGE OF TRADE. SCHLUTER SYSTEMS L.P. ANDSCHLUTER SYSTEMS (CANADA) INC. EXCLUDE AND IN NO EVENT SHALL EITHER HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR LOST PROFITS ORANY OTHER INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, ARISING OUT OF OROTHERWISE CONNECTED TO FAILURE OF THE PRODUCTS OR FLOORING SYSTEM OF WHICH THEY ARE PART, NOR MISUSE OFTHE PRODUCTS OR FLOORING SYSTEM, REGARDLESS OF ANY STRICT LIABILITY, ACTIVE OR PASSIVE NEGLIGENCE OFSCHLUTER SYSTEMS L.P. OR SCHLUTER SYSTEMS (CANADA) INC., AND REGARDLESS OF THE LEGAL THEORY (CONTRACT ORTORT OR EXTRA-CONTRACTUAL OR OTHER), NOR FROM ACTS OF WAR, TERRORISM, INTENTIONAL ACTS OF DESTRUCTION,ACTS OF GOD, ANY LOSSES DUE TO DELAYS, OR ANY OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. THIS WARRANTY ISGIVEN IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. THE REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE THE ONLYREMEDIES AVAILABLE FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY.

NO ASSIGNMENT: This Limited Warranty extends only to the original end-user (owner) and is not transferable or assignable.

SUITABILITY OF PRODUCTS: IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE OWNER/ BUILDER/ INSTALLER TO ENSURE THE SUITABILITY OFALL BUILDING MATERIALS AND ALL ASSOCIATED BUILDING MATERIALS FOR THE OWNER’S INTENDED USE. IT ISRECOMMENDED THAT THE OWNER CONSULT WITH AN EXPERIENCED AND PROFESSIONAL INSTALLER.

CLAIMS ON THIS LIMITED WARRANTY: To make a claim under this Limited Warranty, the owner must provide Schluter Systems L.P. withwritten notice within 30 days of any alleged defect in the Products covered by this Limited Warranty, together with date and proof ofpurchase of the Products, and name and address of all installers, failing which this Limited Warranty shall be of no legal effect. Schluter Systems L.P. reserves the right at its election and as a condition of this Limited Warranty to inspect the alleged failed and defective condition.

This warranty shall supersede and replace any and all prior oral or written warranties, agreements, or other such representations made byor on behalf of Schluter Systems L.P. relative to the Products or the application of the Products and shall apply to any installation occurringon or after April 9, 2008. No changes or modification of any terms or conditions of this warranty are allowed unless authorizedby written agreement and signed by the General Manager or an Officer of Schluter Systems L.P.

All Claims (other than Canadian Claims) shall be sent to:

Schluter Systems L.P.Attn: Warranty Claims Dept.194 Pleasant Ridge RoadPlattsburgh, New York 12901

All Canadian Claims shall be sent to:

Schluter Systems L.P.c/o Schluter Systems (Canada) Inc.Attn: Warranty Claims Dept.5626 Thimens Blvd.St-Laurent, QuebecH4R 2K9

WARRANTYSchluter®-DITRA & Schluter®-DITRA-XL 5-Year Limited Warranty08

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Schluter Systems L.P. • 194 Pleasant Ridge Road, Plattsburgh, NY 12901-5841 • Tel.: 1-800-472-4588 • Fax: 1-800-477-9783Schluter Systems (Canada) Inc. • 5626 Thimens Blvd., St. Laurent, QC H4R 2K9 • Tel.: 1-800-667-8746 • Fax: 1-514-336-2410

E-mail: [email protected]

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Documents

Schluter -DITRA Installation Handbook 2008