SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND BUILDING SCIENCES

CURRICULUM

and

SYLLABI

M.Tech Energy & Environmental Engineering

M.Tech. Energy & Environmental Engineering

Curriculum University Core Course Code Course Title L T P C

ENG 601 Professional and Communication Skills (or) Foreign Language 1 0 2 2

1. MEE 538 Applied Numerical Analysis 3 0 2 4 University Core: Credits: 6

Programme Core Course Code Course Title L T P C 2. CLE 501 Physicochemical, biological Principles and

Processes 3 0 0 3

3. CLE 502 Environmental Quality Monitoring 3 0 2 4 4. MEE 539 Renewable Energy Technologies 3 0 2 4 5. CLE 503 Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment

Systems 3 0 2 4

6. MEE 540 Energy Audit, Conservation and Management 3 0 0 3 7. CLE 599 Masters Thesis - - - 16 Science, Engineering and Technology Project - I - - - 2 Science, Engineering and Technology Project – II - - - 2 Programme Core: Credits: 38

University Elective Course Code Course Title L T P C University Elective 3 0 0 3 Total credits: 3

Programme Electives Total Credits Offered: 27 Course Code Title L T P C

Environmental Ecology 3 0 0 3 CLE 519 Solid Waste Management 3 0 0 3 CLE 528 Urban Environmental Quality Management 3 0 0 3 CLE 538 Environmental Geo-technology 3 0 0 3 CLE 534 Energy, Environment and Climate Change 3 0 0 3

Environmental Economics and Management 3 0 0 3 CLE 521 Environmental Impact Assessment 3 0 0 3 CLE 522 Advanced Wastewater Treatment 3 0 0 3 CLE 540 Environmental Hydrology 3 0 0 3 CLE 523 Mathematical Modeling in Environmental Engineering 3 0 0 3 CLE 536 Quantitative Methods in Environmental Engineering 2 1 0 3 CLE 524 Remote Sensing and GIS Applications 3 0 0 3 CLE 535 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management 3 0 0 3

Course Code Title L T P C

CLE 525 Industrial Waste Management and Disposal 3 0 0 3 CLE 529 Atmospheric Processes and Climate Change 3 0 0 3 CLE 520 Air Pollution and Its Control 3 0 0 3 CLE 533 Application of Bio‐technology in Environmental Engineering 3 0 0 3

MEE 541 Bio‐Energy Technologies 3 0 0 3 CLE 530 Alternative Fuels 3 0 0 3 MEE 584 Wind Energy Technology 3 0 0 3 MEE 562 Small Hydro Power Systems 3 0 0 3 MEE 542 Hydrogen and Fuel Cells 3 0 0 3 MEE 626 Nuclear Power Engineering 3 0 0 3

Electrical Energy Management 3 0 0 3 MEE 628 Energy in Built Environment 3 0 0 3

Project Development and Evaluation 3 0 0 3 Design of Thermal Systems 3 0 0 3 Energy Systems Modeling and Analysis 3 0 0 3

MEE 631 Fuels and Combustion 3 0 0 3 MEE 543 Computational Fluid Dynamics 3 0 0 3 MEE 563 Advanced Heat transfer 3 0 0 3 CLE 531 Solar Energy Technologies 3 0 0 3

Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer and Fluid flow 3 0 0 3 MEE 632 Measurements and Measuring Instruments 3 0 0 3 MEE 544 Power Plant Engineering 3 0 0 3 CLE 532 Environmental Geomatics 3 0 0 3 CLE 541 Hazardous Waste Management 3 0 0 3

Environmental Legislation and Policies 3 0 0 3

Credit Summary

Minimum Qualifying credits 73

Total credits Offered (UC+UE+PC+PE) 74

UC 6

UE 3

PC 38 PE Needed 27

UC–University Core UE–University Elective PC–Programme Core PE–Programme Elective

CLE 501 PHYSICOCHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES L T P C

3 0 0 3 Course Prerequisites : Basic physics, chemistry and mathematics Objectives 1. To study about the solid- liquid- gas interactions 2. To understand about process kinetics 3. To deal with the microbial applications in environmental engineering Outcomes At the end of the course, the student will be able to 1. understand the mass transfer and transport of impurities in system 2. apply the concepts of oxidation- reduction equilibra 3. study and applying practically about microbial kinetics Contents • Fundamentals of water chemistry and its forms • Chemical reactions and kinetics • Ecosystems and changes • Biological components and cells • Microbiological principles and degradation processes Unit I: Structure and Properties of Water- their significance in environmental engineering, Sources of Water impurities, Abiotic reactions, Biological metabolism. Solid-Liquid-Gas interactions, Mass transfer and transport of impurities in water, diffusion, dispersion. Physical and Chemical interactions due to various forces, suspensions and dispersions.

Unit II: Chemical reactions, Chemical equilibrium and thermodynamics, Acid-base equilibria, solubility equilibria, oxidation-reduction equilibria. Process kinetics, reaction rates and catalysis, surface and colloidal chemistry, Adsorption. Settling of particles in water stabilization.

Unit III: Ecosystems; biotic and abiotic components, biogeochemical cycles, ecology of population; Ecological niche, Mortality and survivorship, Community Interactions. typical natural and artificial ecosystems.

Unit IV: Biochemistry; Biological compounds– enzymes, coenzymes and amino acids, Microbiological concepts; Cells, classification and characteristics of living organisms, Characterization techniques, Reproduction, Metabolism, Microbial growth kinetics.

Unit V:

Applications of Microbiological principles to environmental engineering; assimilation of wastes, engineered systems, Concepts and Principles of carbon oxidation, Nitrification, Denitrification, Methanogenasis, etc., Concepts of quantization of degradable pollutants.

Text book

1. Benefield, L.D. Judkins J.F. and Weand B.L. (1982). Process Chemistry for Water and Wastewater Treatment, End ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc, New Jersey, USA

2. Metcalf and Eddy, M.C., “Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications, New Delhi, 2003

Reference Books: 1. Benefield L.D. and Randall, C.W. (1980). Biological process design for wastewater

treatment. Prentice-Hall. N.J. 2. Pelczar, M.J., Chan ECS and Krieg NR, Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill Edition, New

Delhi, India. 3. Talaro K., Talaro A Cassida Pelzar and Reid, (1993) Foundations in Microbiology, W.C.

Brown Publishers. 4. Sawyer, McCarty, and Parkin, 2003.Chemistry for Environmental Engineers, 5th”

McGraw Hill, Mode of Evaluation : Assignments, Seminars, Written Examination

CLE 502 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING L T P C 3 0 2 4 Course Prerequisites : Nil

Objectives 1. To provide an overall understanding of the environment. 2. To provide an standard methodologies for sampling and analysis of environment at whole and its constituents like water, wastewater, air and soil Outcome At the end of the course, the student will be able to 1. understand the environment and its constituent functioning 2. analyze the physicochemical and microbial qualities of water and wastewater 3. know the sampling and analysis of air and soil Contents • Fundamentals of Chemistry for Environmental Engineering • Water and Waste Water analysis • Water and Waste Water Microbiology • Sampling and analysis of Air Pollutants and soil • Environmental Impact Assessment Unit – I

General Sampling and Analytical Techniques: General principles for collection of representative sample, frequency of sampling, validation, interpretation and analysis of data, various statistical techniques, quality control, assessment and management.

Unit – II

Methods for Physicochemical Analysis of Water/ Wastewater: Gravimetric methods for solids analysis in water and wastewater, determination of acidity, alkalinity and turbidity, analysis of common cations and anions in water/wastewater through various chemical techniqu8es, determination of nitrogen, phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid-base titrations, precipitation titrations, complexometric titrations, oxidation-reduction titrations, working principles of electrodes, different types of electrodes.

Unit – III Biological Methods and Microbiology: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), MPN test for microbial pollution, plate counts; confirmatory tests for various microbiological agents.

Unit – IV

Air Pollution Measurements: Sampling techniques for air pollution measurements; analysis of particulates and common chemical air pollutants, analysis of oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulphur, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and poly aromatic hydro carbons.

Unit – V

Advanced Analytical Methods: Working principles of Spectrophotometric methods; Nephelometric methods; Atomic absorption spectroscopy and its various analytical versions; Ion chromatography, High performance liquid chromatography, CHNO/S Analyzer, TOC analyzer and other advanced analytical instruments.

Text book 1. Stanley E. Manahan (2005), Environmental Chemistry, 8th Edition, CRC Press. 2. Clair N Sawyer, Perry L. McCarty and Gene F. Parkin (2002), Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science, McGraw-Hill Science. Reference Books 1. Duncan Mara and Nigel Horan (2003), Handbook of Water and Wasterwater Microbiology, Academic Press, London. 2. Maier, R.M., I.L. Pepper and C.P. Gerba, “Environmental Microbiology”, Academic Press, New York, 1999. 3. S.E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, Sixth Edition, Lewis Publishers, New York, 1994. Mode of Evaluation Assignments / Laboratory / Seminars / Written examination.

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ANALYSIS - LABORATORY Objectives 1. To introduce basic qualitative and quantitative methodologies and instrumentation for environmental sample analyses. 2. To learn analytical methods and their limitations in environmental analysis. Outcome At the end of the course, the students will be able to 1. understand the significance of key environmental quality parameters, which will allow them to communicate with other professionals 2. perform basic laboratory analyses and obtain qualitative parameters following standard procedures 3. illustrate the application of engineering fundamentals to environmental engineering characterization and its control 4. introduction to relevant advanced analytical, instrumentation and respective techniques. Experiments 1. Determination of pH and drawing pH-mV relation 2. Determination of EC and turbidity 3. Determination of oil and grease 4. Determination of hardness and alkalinity 5. Determination of Chlorides and Sulfates 6. Determination of available chlorine in bleaching powder and residual Chlorine 7. Determination of suspended, settleable, volatile and fixed solids 8. Determination of optimum dosages of various coagulants 9. Determination of dissolved Oxygen and BOD 10. Determination of COD from given sample 11. Determination of TSPM, RSPM and PM10 12. Determination of SOx and NOx in ambinet air 13. Physical analysis of various soil samples 14. Chemical analysis of various soil samples 15. Determination of MPN Index Reference Books 1. APHA, AWWA and WPCF (2001), Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. 2. ICAR Handbook for Soil Analysis, Indian Council for Agricultural Research, New Delhi. 3. K.V.S.G. Muralikrishna (1997), Chemical Analysis of Water and Soil - A Laboratory Manual, Environmental Protection Society, National Institute of Ecology and Environment, Kakinada, India. Mode of Evaluation : Oral examination/ Record/Experiments Version Number : 2.0 Course Prerequisites : None

MEE 539 RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES L T P C

Objectives To expose the student to solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, biomass, wind, small hydro and other renewable energy resources, conversion technologies, processes, systems and devices, and equip the student to take up projects in those areas. Outcome At the end of the course, the student will be able to 1. explain the basic principles of various renewable energy conversion processes and devices used therein. 2. identify various parameters that influence the performance of devices/processes. 3. undertake field projects in these areas. Contents

• Solar Thermal Energy Conversion • Solar Photovoltaics • Biomass Energy Conversion Technologies • Wind and Small Hydro Power • Other Renewable Energy Sources and Fuel Cells

Unit – I Introduction to energy and resources – Renewable energy sources - Avialabiality of solar energy – Sun-earth relationships - Estimation of solar radiation using Page-Angstrom method - Solar radiation measurement – Flat plate collectors – Solar water heating systems – Evacuvated Tubular Concentrators - Solar air heating systems and applications – Concepts on solar drying, cooking, desalination, solar ponds and solar cooling - Passive heating and cooling of buildings – Basics of solar concentrators and types Solar thermal power generation. Unit – II Physics of solar cells – Cell types and manufacture – PV applications - Characteristics of cells and module – Performance parameters - Estimation of module power output – PV system configurations – System components: Battery, charge controller and inverter. Unit – III Biomass to energy conversion processes – Anaerobic digestion, process parameters, biogas composition, digester types, high rate anaerobic conversion systems – Alcohol from biomass – Biodiesel: preparation, characteristics and application - Biomass combustion and power generation – Briquetting – Gasification: Process, types of gasifiers, applications – Waste to energy technologies. Unit – IV Power in the wind - Types of wind mills – WEG components - Airfoils: lift and drag – Power curves and energy estimation - Micro siting – Indian wind potential. Small Hydro Power: Types, site identification, head and flow measurement, discharge curve, estimation of power potential and system components. Unit – V Technologies for harnessing other renewable energy sources like geothermal, wave, tidal and ocean thermal energy Text Books 1. Frank Kreith and D.Yogi Goswami (2007), Handbook of Energy Efficiency and

3 0 2 4

Renewable Energy, CRC Press. 2. John Twidell and Tony Weir (2006), Renewable Energy Resources, 2nd Edition, Taylor & Francis, USA. Reference Books 1. John A. Duffie and William A. Beckman (2006), Solar Engineering of Thermal Process,

3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons. 2. Gilbert M. Masters (2004), Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems, Wiley

Interscience. 3. Caye M. Drapcho, Nghiem Phu Nhuan and Terry H. Walker (2008), Biofuels

Engineering, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. www.windpower.dk 4. European Commission (2001), Guidebook on the RES Power Generation Technologies. Mode of Evaluation: Assignments / Seminars / Written examination

• RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES LABORATORY

Course Prerequisites

: None

Objectives 1. To demonstrate the working principle behind various solar energy conversion units 2. To enable students test and evaluate different renewable energy systems 3. To equip students for careers in the academia and industry Outcome Upon completion of this course the student shall be able to 1. troubleshoot existing solar thermal devices and offer energy efficient solutions 2. develop new products and modify the existing products for higher efficiencies Experiments 1. Determination of thermal efficiency of a solar flat plate collector 2. Thermal testing of a box type and paraboloid solar cooker 3. Performance test on a solar photovoltaic panel 4. Performance evaluation of PV powered solar water pump 5. Thermal analysis of parabolic and evacuated tube solar collectors 6. Performance evaluation of solar stills 7. Performance test on solar driers and solar air heaters 8. Performance analysis of a 10 kWe solar dish Stirling engine system 9. Solar energy measurement: albedo, transmissivity flux 10. Performance of a dual fuel engine run by producer gas 11. Construction and functioning of a biogas plant 12. Study of a wind pump Reference Renewable Energy Laboratory Lab Manual (Prepared by VIT Staff) Mode of Evaluation Experiments / Record work / Oral / Practical Examination

Course Prerequisites : Basic chemistry and mathematics Objectives To expose the student to various technologies in water treatment in order to make water safe to drink and also various treatment options available in treatment of waste water for recyle and safe disposal. Outcome At the end of the course, the student will be able to 1. understand various unit operations involved in water treatment and design various water treatment units required. 2. Design waste water treatment units for desire treatment. Contents • Characteristics of water, Unit operations in water treatment • Water treatment processes and design of water treatment plant • Waste water quality and collection • Disposal options of waste water and primary treatment • Secondary treatment and design of waste water treatment plant Unit I: Definitions and Concepts: Water sources, Philosophy of water treatment, Review of water quality characteristics and potable water standards, Estimation of water quantity, Theory and design of Conventional Unit Operations used in Water Treatment: Screening, Sedimentation, Floatation, coagulation, flocculation, filtration, softening and disinfection processes. Unit II: Theory and Design of Advanced Unit Operations used in Water Treatment: Membrane processes, Ion Exchange, Aeration/stripping, Precipitation, Adsorption, Oxidation-reduction and advanced oxidation processes; Water Treatment Plant Design; Selection of raw water source, Planning and siting of water treatment plant, Chemical requirement and residuals management. Unit III: Definition and Concepts; Philosophy of wastewater Treatment, Review of Wastewater quality parameters and discharge standards for aquatic and land disposal, Estimation of wastewater quantity; Wastewater Collection; Design of sewers and sewerage systems; Unit IV: Wastewater Disposal; disposal to inland waters such as lakes reservoirs, rivers and streams, disposal to sea, disposal on Land. Wastewater treatment; Preliminary treatment, Bar-rack, Screens, Grit chamber, Equalization tank, Primary sedimentation. Unit V: Secondary treatments: Aerobic processes, Anaerobic processes. Tertiary treatment, Nutrient removal, Residual management, Design; Planning and siting of Wastewater treatment plant, Chemical requirements and material balance. Reference Books:

CLE 503 DESIGN OF WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS L T P C

3 0 2 4

1. Benefield, L.D. Judkins J.F. and Weand B.L. (1982). Process Chemistry for Water and 2. Wastewater Treatment, End ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc, New Jersey, USA 3. Benefield L.D. and Randall, C.W. (1980). Biological process design for wastewater

treatment. Prentice-Hall. 4. N.J. Pelczar, M.J., Chan ECS and Krieg NR, Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill Edition,

New Delhi, India. 5. Talaro K., Talaro A Cassida Pelzar and Reid, (1993) Foundations in Microbiology, W.C.

Brown Publishers. 6. Metcalf and Eddy, M.C., “Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse”,

TataMcGraw-Hill Publications, New Delhi, 2003 7. Sawyer, McCarty, and Parkin, 2003.Chemistry for Environmental Engineers, 5th”

McGraw Hill,

Mode of Evaluation : Assignments, Seminars, Written Examination

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics, electrical Engg. and mathematics Objectives 1. To make students understand basic energy conversion, conservation and management

principles 2. To enable students identify sources of energy loss and target savings 3. To make students understand design of waste heat recovery systems, efficient power

cycles and power generation systems 4. To enable students in carrying out life cycle cost analysis and budgeting Outcome Upon completion of this course the student shall be able to 1. design and develop energy efficient, building, heating & lighting systems 2. conduct energy audits and formulate & implement energy conservation strategies 3. Reduce energy & fuel consumption and wastage in existing facilities through effective

metering, cost allocation and cost analysis Contents • Necessity for Energy Audit and Management • Process Integration • Energy Analysis, Assessment, Monitoring and conservation • Energy Management and Monitoring & Targeting • Energy Audits and Energy Modeling Unit - I An overview of energy consumption and its effects – Reasons to save energy (financial and environmental) – Fuels and combustion – Boilers (classification, types, working principle of important types) – Furnaces – Insulation & Refractories Unit -II Steam systems – Pinch technology – Basics of pinch technology – Cogeneration – Concept of trigeneration – Waste heat recovery Unit -III Electrical systems – Electric motors – Fans & blowers – Compressed air systems – Refrigeration and air conditioning systems - Pumps & pumping systems – Lighting systems – Energy efficient technologies in electrical systems Unit - IV Financial techniques for assessing energy conservation measures – Fixed and variable cost – Interest charges – Simple payback period – Net Present Value - Discounted cash flow method - Lifecycle analysis. Definition & objective of Energy management – Energy Audit – Types & Methodology– Energy audit report format Unit - V

MEE 540 ENERGY AUDIT, CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT L T P C

3 0 0 3

Understanding Energy Costs – Benchmarking and Energy Performance – Fuel and Energy Substitution – Material Balances – Energy Balances – Instruments – Organizational background desired for energy management – Case studies of energy audit in different industries. Text Books 1. Course Material for Energy Audit and Managers Exam (2005),

(www.energymanagertraining.com), Vol. 1-4. Reference Books 1. T.D. Eastop and D.R. Croft (1996), Energy Efficiency for Engineers and Technologists,

Longman Harlow. 2. Charles M. Gottschalk (1996), Industrial Energy Conservation, John Wiley & Sons. 3. Paul W. O’Callaghan (1988), Design and Management for Energy Conservation,

Pergamon Press, London. 4. Frank Krieth and Ronald E. West (1983), Handbook of Industrial Energy Conservation,

von Nostrand Reinhold Company. 5. Attilio Bisio and Sharon Boots (1995), Encyclopedia of Energy Technology and the

Environment, Volumes 1–4, Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6. Paul W. O’Callaghan (1993), Energy Management, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Ltd. Mode of Evaluation Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

Course Prerequisites : Nil Aims & Objectives The main aim is to establish Ecology's credibility in high environmental, ethical and quality standards of goods and services. Access the market opportunity presented by the 'green market'. Raise consumer awareness and concern for environmental issues, and encourage their support for ecological values in consumer practices. Also to develop a fair and equitable means to link economic and environmental values, through the development of mutually beneficial relationships with all segments of the community. Expected Outcome By the end of the course the students should be able to • Develop a legal and economic structures, which are able to provide reasonable return on

investment, be it financial, or personal effort, dividends, wages and so forth. • Develop ecologically sustainable production and industry through developing the

potential of all fibres. • Develop environmentally and socially friendly alternatives to many of the deleterious

practices, processes and products currently in use. Contents : • Fundamentals of ecology and biochemical cycles • Biological diversity and pollutant interaction • Ecosystems and various pollutions • Community ecology and environmental systems • Ecological principles and biomonitoring Concepts of Ecology & Principles Fundamentals of ecology, Natural ecosystems and their food chains, food webs, bioenergetics, biochemical cycles and ecological succession. Ecological engineering principles Bio Diversity Biological diversity and its importance, reduction in biological diversity by human activities, classes and general effects of physical and Biological interaction with pollutants, lethal and sub-lethal effects. Ecosystem Responses Ecosystems responses to deoxygeneation nutrient enrichment, pesticides, hydrocarbons, metal and salts, thermal pollution, suspended solids and silt. Community Ecology Principles of population and community ecology – concepts of systems and models – building and analysis of models – environmental systems, structures and interaction between coastal aeolian, glacial, fluvial, weathering, soil and detrital systems. Integration Ecological Principles Integration of classical, agro and restoration ecological principles and methods, Biomonitoring and its role in the evaluation of aquatic ecosystem, rehabilitation of ecosystem Introductory

ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY L T P C 3 0 0 3

Model’s of ecosystems . Reference Books 1. Odum. E. P, “Fundamentals of ecology”, W.B. Sanders, Philadelphia, 2002. 2. White. I.D., Mottershead. D.N., Harrison .S.J, “Environmental Systems – an introductory

text”, Chapman and ahll , London,1998. 3. Colinvaux.P., “Introduction to Ecology”, John Wiley & sons, Newyork, 1973.

Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar

Ver

sion Number : Course Prerequisites : There are no formal prerequisites for this course, although a basic knowledge of chemistry is helpful. Knowledge of basic environmental laws is beneficial but not required. Course Objectives • Gain insight into the collection, transfer, and transport of municipal solid waste. • Understand the design and operation of a municipal solid waste landfill. • Understand the design and operation of a resource recovery facility. • Understand the design and operation of a waste-to-energy facility. Contents • Sources, Types, Composition, and Properties of Solid Waste • Separation and Processing of Solid Waste • Recycling of Materials Found in Municipal Solid Waste • Landfill Method of Solid Waste Disposal • Remedial Actions at Closed, Inactive, or Abandoned Waste Disposal Sites Municipal Solid Waste Management: Legal and Organizational foundation: Definition of solid waste – waste generation– major legislation, monitoring responsibilities, sources and types of solid waste – sampling and characterization – Determination of composition of MSW – storage and handling of solid waste – Future changes in waste composition. Collection and Transport of Solid Waste: Waste collection systems, analysis of collection system – alternative techniques for collection system. Need for transfer operation, transport means and methods, transfer station types and design requirements. Process of Solid Waste and Energy recovery: Unit operations for separation and processing, Materials Recovery facilities, Waste transformation through combustion and aerobic composting, anaerobic methods for materials recovery and treatment – Energy recovery – Incinerators Disposal of Solid wastes Land farming, deep well injections. Landfills: Design and operation including: site selection, Geoenvironmental investigations , engineered sites, liners and covers, leachate control and treatment, gas recovery and control, including utilization of recovered gas (energy), and landfill monitoring and reclamation, , Requirements and technical solution, designated waste landfill remediation – Integrated waste management facilities.TCLP tests and leachate studies. Economics of the on-site v/s off site waste management options. Natural attenuation process and its mechanisms. Household Hazardous Waste Management:

CLE 519 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT L T P C

3 0 0 3

Design practices of solid wastes. Definition and identification of hazardous wastes-sources and characteristics – hazardous wastes in Municipal Waste – Hazardous waster regulations – minimization of Hazardous Waste-compatibility, handling and storage of hazardous waste-collection and transport. Regulatory requirements for identification, characterization and disposal of hazardous, nonhazardous and domestic wastes. References: • Handbook of Solid Waste Management by Frank Kreith , George Tchobanoglous ,

McGraw Hill Publication • Bagchi, A., Design, Construction, and Monitoring of Landfills, (2nd Ed). Wiley

Interscience, 1994. ISBN: 0-471-30681-9. • Sharma, H.D., and Lewis, S.P., Waste Containment Systems, Waste Stabilization, and

Landfills: Design and Evaluation. Wiley Interscience, 1994. ISBN: 0471575364. • George Techobanoglous et al, " Integrated Solid Waste Management ",

McGraw- Hill Publication, 1993.

• Charles A. Wentz; " Hazardous Waste Management ", McGraw-Hill Publication, 1995. Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar

Course Prerequisites : Nil Aims & Objectives There is currently an inability to fully integrate the various disciplines of science and engineering into Urban Environmental Quality Management strategies. We aim to develop a suite of models for estimating the pollutant loads from different source areas, defining their impacts and predicting the performance of Management practices. Expected Outcome By the end of the course the student will have knowledge of the following topics: • have a knowledge of the nature and effects of environmental pollutants and energies • have a detailed knowledge of the techniques involved in the efficient management of the

environment • be able to measure and assess the effects of noise, air, water, terrestrial pollution and

noise pollution on human activity and health • have an awareness of the need for integrated pollution control • have the skills to plan and to execute monitoring programmes for the detection and

control of environmental pollutants, including water, air and noise terrestrial pollution Contents : • Urbanization and environmental pollution • Urban environment and air pollution • Water and land pollution in urban environment • Urban environmental quality and noise pollution • Disaster management in urban context Urbanisation & Pollution Consequences of urbanization, demand of resources by the public - Sources of Pollution to the urban environment: Status of pollution levels in major cities- Slum formation: Impact of slum on general quality of life on Urban elite – status of slum settlements in major cities. Air & Noise Pollution in Urban Environment Air Pollution Sources: Nature of air pollution in the Urban environment due to human activities of industrialization, effect of air pollution on Urban Environment. Air pollution Indices for Assessment of status of Urban air quality. - Sources of noise pollution in Urban areas, effect of noise pollution on Urban environment, status of noise pollution in major cities. Water and Land pollution in Urban Environment Water Demands and Pollution in Urban areas: Nature of water pollutants and assimilative capacity of natural Urban aquatic systems. Urban water quality indices - Sources of land pollution in urban areas: Impact of urban soil pollution on quality of living system – prediction of soil pollution indices. Management of Urban Environment Quality Land use planning – traffic management. Safe municipal water supply and planning of safe

CLE528 URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT L T P C 3 0 0 3

municipal water supply and drainage system – solid waste management including disposal – abatement of noise pollution – Provision of zones – regulation of settlements. Conservation and Disaster Management Natural Conservation: Planning of urbanization on ecological basis, preservation and development of green recovery areas. - Urban Disaster Management: Management of Industrial explosions, land slides, earthquakes, Floods and Management of epidemics. Reference Books 1. Varshney, C.K., “Water Pollution and Management”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1998. 2. Plowden, S., “The Cost of Noise”, London, Metra, 1996. 3. Fallion, A.B. & E. Simon, “The Urban Pattern”, Van Nistrand, New York. 4. M.J. Suess & S.R. Craxford, “Manual on Urban Air Quality”, WHO, Copenhagen. Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar

CLE538 ENVIRONMENTAL GEOTECHNOLOGY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Aims & Objectives This course mainly aims to provide the students with exposure to the Geotechnical nature of Environmental problems. Other secondary aims are to • impart knowledge in the selection of sites for waste disposal using current

methodologies. • Understand transport phenomena in saturated and partially saturated porous media of the

contaminant. • Obtain knowledge on ground modification techniques in waste remedial measures for

contaminated zones. Expected Outcome To introduce on • To show the application of principles of Geotechnical engineering to design of waste

disposal facilities. • To familiarize the use of different linear materials for protecting the ground and

groundwater from leachates. • To expose the student to various ways of soil contamination and their effect on soil

properties. • Also to familiarize him with methods of redemption of soil contamination. Contents : • Environmental cycles and geotechnical problems • Site selection for disposal of waste and geomembrane applications • Pollutant transport through soil • Solid and hazardous waste disposal and remediation • Ground modification and bio remediation Introduction to Environmental Geotechniques Environmental cycles and their interaction, Soil water environment interaction relating to geotechnical problems, Effect of population on soil, water behaviour, source, production and classification of wastes- environmental considerations in India. Selection of Sites Criteria for selection of sites for wastes disposal current methodologies for waster disposal, Sub surface disposal techniques, Passive contaminant Systems, Leachate contamination, application of geomembranes and other techniques in solid and liquid waste disposal, Rapid or flexible membrane liners. Transport Phenomena

Transport phenomena in saturated and partially saturated porous media – contaminant migration and contaminant hydrology, Hydrological design for ground water pollution control, Ground water pollution downstream of land fills- bearing capacity of compacted fills, foundation for waste fill ground – pollution of aquifers by mining and liquid wastes – protection of acquifers. Remediation of Hazardous Waste Hazardous waste control and storage system – stabilization / solidification of waste, Monitoring and performance of waste facilities – Environmentally safe disposal of solid and Dynamic response of soil under environmental stress, case studies. Ground Modification Techniques Ground modification techniques in waste remedial measures for contaminated grounds, remediation technology, Bio-remediation. Reference Books 1. Wentz, C.A., “Hazardous Waste Management”, McGraw Hill, Singapore, 1995. 2. Daniel,D.E., “Geotechnical practice for waste disposal”, Chapman and Hall,London,

1993. 3. Proceedings lof the International symposium of Environmental Geotechnology (Vol. I

and II), Envo, Publishing Company, 1986 and 1989. 4. Ott, W.R., “Environmental Indices”, Theory and Practice, Ann, Arbor, 2003. 5. Friend, J.J., “Ground Water Pollution”, Elsevier, 1975. 6. ASTM Special Technical Publication 874, hydraulic Barriers in Soil and Rock, 1985. Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar

Course Prerequisites : None Objectives To enable a comprehensive understanding of: 1. The Earth’s Energy Budget, Environment and the processes leading to climate change. 2. The inter-relatedness of the Terrestrial Energy-Environment-Climate System 3. The perturbing effects of anthropogenic activities on this system 4. A meaningful climate change quantification, and thence the means of ameliorating

adverse climate change impacts Outcomes Clearly, the outcomes directly relate to the objectives, and upon completion of the course, the students shall be able to: 1. Acquire a basic understanding of the terrestrial eco-system comprising of 3 principal

components : Energy, Environment and Climate Change 2. Comprehend a global picture of the inter-relatedness of the Energy-Environment-Climate

system 3. Assess as qualified professionals, the perturbing effects of human activities on the earth’s

climate 4. Acquire the necessary skills to predict emerging climate change trends globally as well as

within the Indian Subcontinent 5. Acquire the requisite professional skills to undertake policy decisions on the use and

efficient management of the Earth’s resources, vis-à-vis the possible environmental impacts on a local, regional and global scale. Finally, the students shall be suitably equipped to advise or implement policies at the decision-making level on the use and appropriateness of extant technologies that can arrest adverse climatic impacts.

Contents

• History and Evolution of the Earth’s Atmosphere • Introduction to the Climate System: Climate from the point of view of Energy

Budgets • Climate’s natural variability and major perturbations • Human Impacts on Climate • Green House Gas Theory • Aerosol and Cloud effects • Climatic Effects vis-à-vis energy supply and demand • International Forums to address climate change : Kyoto and Montreal Protocol • IPCC 2007 : The 4

th Assessment Report

• Stern Report 2007 • The role of developing countries and the Indian Context.

Unit I Over review Overview on the Earth’s energy requirement vis-à-vis Climate Change. Origins of the terrestrial

CLE534 ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE L T P C

3 0 0 3

atmosphere. Earth’s early atmosphere. Introduction to Climate. Layers of the atmosphere. Composition of the present day atmosphere. Introduction to Atmospheric chemistry, Green House Gases, and the O3 depletion problem. Post Industrial Revolution Scenario. Unit II Energy Balance Energy Balance: Earth –Atmosphere System. Solar and Terrestrial Radiation. Absorption of Radiation by gases. Energy balance. Solar variability and the Earth’s Energy Balance. Unit III Atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate: The Global Temperature Record. Possible effects of Global Warming – Indian Context. Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Change. Atmospheric Aerosol and Cloud Effects on Climate. Unit IV Environmental Variability Environmental Variability: Natural (volcanoes, forest fires) and Anthropogenic (Antarctic Ozone Hole, Global Warming). Green House Gas theory. Effects of urbanization, Landscape changes, Influence of Irrigation, Desertification and Deforestation. Unit V International Forums Safeguarding Future Climate. The role of International Bodies. Kyoto and Montreal Protocol. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007). The Stern Report. Carbon Credits. Indian Context .Alternative Energy Sources: Solar, Wind, Hydro Power and Nuclear Energy. Predicting Future Climate Change : Global Climate Models. Text Books Climate and Energy Systems. A review of their interactions. Jill Jaeger. John Wiley. 1983 Energy, Environment and Climate Change by Richard Wolfson, 2008, New York, N.W. Norton. References: Human Impacts on Weather and Climate. W.R. Cotton and R.A. Pielke. Cambridge University Press. 1995 Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. B. Stull. John Wiley 1988. Policy interventions to promote energy efficient and environmentally sound technologies in SMI. Asian Institute of Technology. 2002 Plus, Journal Articles from J. Geophys. Res., Climate Change, Geophysical Res. Letts. Etc. Mode of Evaluation : Assignments, Seminars, Written Examination

Course Prerequisites: Objectives To make the student investigating the causes, consequences and possible solutions to problems associated with degradation of environmental resources and analyse the potential non-sustainability of certain types of economic activities using economic analysis as a tool. Outcome At the end of the course, the student will be able to explain 1. the economic significance and the economic causes of environmental degradation,

including loss of biodiversity 2. the extent to which market based mechanisms might provide a solution to the

environmental degradation problem in the absence of overt intervention 3. the economic implications of alternative ‘intervention’ approaches to pollution

management, including the use of charges, subsidies and marketable permits. 4. Alterative methods for valuing environmental resources and environmental damage 5. the economic consequences of policy instrument for biodiversity conservation. Contents • Sustainable Development • Economics of Degradation and Failure • Economics of Pollution • Cost-Benefit Analysis • Economics of Biodiversity Unit – I Sustainable Development Introduction to sustainable development - Economy-Environment inter-linkages - Meaning of sustainable development - Limits to growth and the environmental Kuznets curve - The sustainability debate - Issues of energy and the economics of energy – Non-renewable energy, scarcity, optimal resources, backstop technology, property research, externalities, and the conversion of uncertainty. Unit – II Environmental Degradation Economic significance and causes of environmental degradation - The concepts of policy failure, externality and market failure - Economic analysis of environmental degradation - Equi-marginal principle. Unit – III Economics of Pollution Economics of Pollution - Economics of optimal pollution, regulation, monitoring and enforcement - Managing pollution using existing markets: Bargaining solutions - Managing pollution through market intervention: Taxes, subsidies and permits. Unit – IV Cost – Benefit Analysis

ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT L T P C

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Economic value of environmental resources and environmental damage - Concept of Total Economic Value - Alternative approaches to valuation – Cost-benefit analysis and discounting. Unit – V Economics of biodiversity Economics of biodiversity conservation - Valuing individual species and diversity of species - Policy responses at national and international levels. Economics of Climate Change – stren Report Reference Books 1. D.W. Pearce, A. Markandya and E.B. Barbier (1989), Blueprint for a Green Economy,

Earthscan, London. 2. R.K. Turner, D.W. Pearce and I. Bateman (1994), Environmental Economics: An

Elementary Introduction, Harvester Wheatsheaft, London. 3. D.W. Pearce and R.K. Turner (1990), Economics of Natural Resources and the

Environment, Harvester Wheatsheaf, London. 4. Michael S. Common and Michael Stuart (1996), Environmental and Resource

Economics: An Introduction, 2nd

Edition, Harlow: Longman. Roger Perman, Michael Common, Yue Ma and James McGilvray (2003), Natural Resource and Environmental Economics, 3

rd Edition, Pearson Education.

5. N. Hanley, J. Shogren and B. White (2001), An Introduction to Environmental Economics, Oxford University Press.

Mode of Evaluation : Assignments / Seminars / Written examination

Version Number Course Prerequisites : None Objectives: 1. To understand the environmental concept and processes by which normative rules are adopted and to introduce the relevant policies and legal systems related to environmental management systems (EMS) including their strengths and weaknesses. 2. To develop an understanding the application of EIA procedures during pre, post-appraisals and long-term mitigation to promote ecosustainable developments. 3. To inculcate the effective use of EMS and implementation of recently developed management concepts and strategies like environmental auditing, waste auditing, life cycle assessment (LCA), and introduction to ISO 14000 series 4. To improve technical writing skills so that students may be to create a basic environmental assessment report. 5. To learn the integrative approaches for environmental management systems (EIA, EA, LCA) for cleaner production and sustainable development

Outcome: Students will be able to 1. Explain the philosophy and art of environmental management systems 2. Apply the mechanics of EIA for Project Appraisal, Decision making and Implementation 3. Work as a professional member of a team conducting environmental assessments and auditing, and LCA. Contents : • National and international trends and environmental polices • Rules and regulations and environmental standards • Environmental audit-planning and processing • Environmental impacts – prediction and assessment History of development and multidimensional environmental issues, Intervention of human society in ecosystem and biosphere; Aggravation of environmental issues; Environmental attributes; Concept of Ecological imbalances, carrying capacity, enviroeconomics aspects and sustainable development (SD); Policies and Legal aspect of Environmental management; Environmental Protection Acts and Regulations Environmental management systems (EMS), problems and strategies, planning, decision-making and management dimensions; Review of political, ecological and remedial actions; Future strategies, multidisciplinary approaches, Environmental policies and legislation in developed and developing countries including India; Policies regarding Air, water, land, forestry, wild life, biodiversity, energy, human resources and multidimensional pollution; Role of international environmental institutions like U.N. etc. Types of Audits - Features of Effective auditing -programme Planning - Definition -Organisation of Auditing Programme - pre visti data collection Audit Protocol - Onsite Audit - Data Sampling - Inspections - Evaluation and presentation Exit Interview - Audit Report - Action Plan - Other

CLE 521 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT L T P C 3 0 0 3

types of Audits -Management of Audits -Waste Management Contractor Audits - Related Audits. Environmental audit (EA); philosophy, definitions, concepts, types, rules and limitations; environmental audit versus accounts audit, compliance audit; relevant methodologies, regulations; life cycle analysis, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), definitions and concepts, rationale and historical development of EIA, status of EIAs in india, EIA capability, socio-economic aspects and limitations-Legal provisions on EIA. Initial environmental examination (IEE), and Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) environmental appraisal; methodologies of EIA, Environmental impact factors and areas of considerationorganization,screening, scoping, scaling, measurement, evaluation of environmental impact, and prediction and assessment of impact on the total environment, air, water, soil, energy, noise, biological;, public participation in Decision making, Exchange of information; EIA report and its features Preparing the EIA documentDesign of controlled environments to enhance health and protection of natural resources application of mathematical models for mitigation of adverse impact on environment; Options for mitigation of impact onenvironmental components; Addressing the issues related to the project; Simple methods for impact identification – matrices, net works and checklists. generation of impact matrices, weighing and evaluation methods with decision support systems (DSS). case studies various industrial and development projects. Introduction to Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing in Environmental Management. Role of remote sensing and GIS in Environmental Impact Assessment. Geo-indicators and environmental indicators. clean technologies, introduction to ISO and ISO 14000/ 14001. OSHA 18000 SHE Audits GIS processing and modeling with spreadsheets, Principles of sustainable development and implications of finite biosphere and complexities for engineering design and decision-making. for sustainable development. Risk analysis. Life cycle analysis. Risk management. Text Book: 1. Larry W Canter, Environmental Impact Assessment, McGraw Hill, Inc., 1996 Betty Bowers Marriot, Environmental Impact Assessment A Practical Guide, McGraw Hill, Inc., 1997. 2. C.J. Barrow, Environmental & Social Impact Assessment – An Introduction, Edward Arnold, 2002. 3. Evan. K. Paleologos and Ian Lerche,Environmental Risk Analysis, McGraw Hill Inc., 2001 4. Peter Morris (ed.) and Riki Therivel (ed.), Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment, Routledge, 2001.Canter, L., Environmental Impact Assessment. McGraw Hill, 1996. ISBN: 0070097674 5. Bartell, S., Kolluru, R., Pitblado, R., and Stricoff, S., Risk Assessment and Management Hanbook: For Environmental, Health and Safety Professionals. McGraw Hill, 1996. ISBN: 0070359873 6. Lerch, I. And Paleologos, E., Environmental Risk Analysis. McGraw Hill, 2001. ISBN: 0071372660 McGraw, D., Environmental Auditing and Compliance Manual. Wiley Interscience,

1993. ISBN: 0471285854 Woodside, 7. G. Yturri, J. and Aurricho, P., ISO 14001 Implementation Manual. McGraw Hill, 1998. ISBN: 0070718520 Curran, M., Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment. McGraw Hill, 1996. ISBN: 007015063X 8. Canter, L.W., " Environmental Impact Assessment ", McGraw Hill, New York, 1996. 9. Petts, J., " Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment Vol. I and II ", Blackwell Science, London, 1999. Reference Books: Anjaneyalu,Y. (2002), Environmental Impact Assessment Methodologies, B.S. Publications, Hyderabad. Environmental Assessment Source book (1991), Vol.I, II & III., The World Bank, Washington, D.C.Judith Petts (1999), Hand book of Environmental Impact Assessment, Vol.I & II, Blackwell Science. The World Bank Group, " Environmental Assessment Sourcebook Vol. I, II and III ", The World Bank, Washington, 1991. Dorf, R.C., Technology, Humans and Society: Toward a Sustainable World. Academic Press, 2001. ISBN:0122210905 Pearce, D. and Barbier, E., Blueprint for a Sustainable Economy. Earthscan Publications, 2000. ISBN:1853835153 Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar

Course Prerequisites : Fundamentals of waste water treatment Aims & Objectives The main aim of introducing this subject is to impart knowledge about the complete fundamental concept about treatment of the waste water and its recycle. Expected Outcome After the end of the course the student will have knowledge of the following topics: • Know about the conventional treatment units and processes. • Role of microorganisms in wastewater treatment. • Biological Nutrients removal. • Nutrients removal by chemical process. • Wastewater reuse, recycling and disposal of treated effluents. Contents : • Sewage treatment function and residue removal. • Nitrogen and phosphorous removal. • Nutrient removal by chemical methods. • Waste water reuse and disposal Importance of Advanced Wastewater Treatment Effects of chemical constituents in wastewater / Need of advanced wastewater treatment / Basis of process selection and development of treatment flow sheets. Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) applications / Removal of residual suspended solids by micro screening. Biological Nutrient Removal Sources and forms of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) / Processes for N and P removals. Conventional biological nitrification/ denitrification processes and its process fundamentals. Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) and Simultaneous Nitrification – Denitrification (SND) processes for nitrogen removal. New processes for nitrogen removal: ANAMMOX, SHARON, CANON etc. Biological removal of Phosphorus-Process fundamentals and types of processes. Combined removal of N and P by biological methods. Chemical Nutrient Removal Nitrogen removal by physical and chemical methods- Air stripping of ammonia / Breakpoint Chlorination / Ion – exchange. Removal of phosphorus by chemical addition. Refractory Organics and Dissolved Inorganic Substances Removal Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP)/ Adsorption / Chemical precipitation / Ion Exchange / Membrane Processes. Wastewater Reclamation/Reuse/Disposal Direct and indirect reuse of wastewater- Municipal reuse/industrial reuse/agricultural reuse/ recreational reuse/ground water recharge. Criteria and disposal of effluent in to lakes, rivers and ocean. References

CLE 522 ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT L T P C

3 0 0 3

1 Metcalf & Eddy (1985), Wastewater Engineering- Treatment, Disposal and Reuse, Second edition,

Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.

2 Metcalf & Eddy (2003), Wastewater Engineering, Fourth edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.

3 Peavy, Rowe & Tchobanoglous (1985), Environmental Engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.

4 Journals: Water Research, Water Science & Technology, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal of

Biotechnology, Chemosphere. Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar

Course Prerequisites : Aims & Objectives The course is aimed at providing the scientific knowledge and skills required and experience of practical applications in hydrological and water quality assessments. • To impart knowledge of the various ways in which water is important in the development of

catchments • To provide training in computer modeling of catchment processes, such as inflow,

infiltration, flooding etc., • To develop the numeric skills required to analyze and present environmental data • To provide support for the production of the Independent Geographical Study, through data

collection, data presentation, data analysis, report writing and oral presentation of methods Expected Outcome By the end of the module, the students will have acquired knowledge in several key areas of the subject. These include: • the reasons why water is important for catchment development; • the ways in which water enters catchments and moves through them; • the ways in which rivers are important for landscape development; and • the significance of catchment hydrology to flooding. Contents : • River hydrology, pollutant transport and flow fluctuation • Pollutant through ground water and modelling • Flow model development and limitations • Pollutant transport through subsurface and modelling Concepts of Hydrology Environmental Hydrology – definition – scope – role of environmental hydrology– types of data – sources – River hydrology – catchment – waterways – water shed - Surface water – characteristics –- Ground water – occurrence – types of aquifers – Environmental Influences – fluctuation due to Evapotranspiration, meterological effect of tides, recharge Ground Water Pollution Ground water pollution – quality analysis – sources of pollution – distribution – evaluation – monitoring quality – sea water intrusion – control methods – preventive measures, Ground Water Modelling Ground water contamination modelling – flow modelling contamination transport models – development, Accuracy of models – numerical methods – applications, limitations Microbial Subsurface Transport Modelling of subsurface transport of microorganisms – growth and decay – transport in porous media – special cases of transportation of pollutants Hydrological Consequences Eco hydrological consequences of Environmental degradation water conservation, planning and

CLE540 ENVIRONMENTAL HYDROLOGY L T P C 3 0 0 3

impact process, mitigation of impact processes Reference Books 1. Vijay P. Singh, “Environmental Hydrology”, Kluver Academic Publishers, London,

1997. 2. D.K.Todd , “Ground water Hydrology”, John Willy Sons, New York, 2004. 3. “Ground water Manual – A water resource technical publication”, Scientific publishers,

New Delhi 4. H. Nash & G.J.H.McCall, “Ground water Quality”, Chapman & Hall Publishers, London,

1995. 5. H.M. Raghunath, “Ground water”, Willy and Eastern publication, New York, 1987. 6. Ray K. Linsley, Joseph B. Franzini, “Water Resource Engineering”, Mc Graw

Publications, New York, 1987. Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar

` Course Prerequisites : Knowledge of Calculus and Differential Equations Objectives To enable a comprehensive understanding of: 1. The Scope and extent of Mathematical Modelling 2. The basic tenets of mathematical modelling and its application to Environmental Processes 3. Mathematical modelling techniques 4. Mathematical modelling methods applied to Global Environmental Problems Outcomes Clearly, the outcomes directly relate to the objectives, and upon completion of the course, the students shall be able to: 1. Acquire a basic understanding of how mathematical models can be used to solve environmental problems 2. Set up material balance models for conservative and non-conservative systems 3. Formulate and solve Boundary value problems. 4. Formulate, Set-up, and solve complex Environmental Problems. Contents • Basic modelling of the physical environment • Atmospheric and Noise Quality Modelling. • Acid Rain and Ozone Depletion Modelling • Global Warming and Climate Modelling • Water Quality and Solid Waste Modelling Unit 1 Basic Modellling & Physical Environmental The origins: Formation of the Physical Environment. The evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere. Quantification of the Lapse Rate. The states of stability of the atmosphere Quantification of Wind circulation : Geo-strophic winds. Necessity of mathematical models. Concentration calculations and conversions in liquids and gases. Converting ppm into microgrammes/m3 and vice-versa. Material Balance –Steady-state conservative systems-non-conservative pollutants. Mass-Energy flows and balances –specific examples in real-life environmental problems :Thermal pollution of a River Unit 2 Air Pollution Modelling The importance of Air Pollution modelling. Modelling the Atmopspheric Boundary Layer – mixing length and eddy diffusion.. The formulation and solution of the Gaussian Plume Model . Gaussian Dispersion Coefficients. Plume Rise estimation Emissions inventories. Point, Line and Area Sources. Simple noise quality models : Models for Roadway Noise

CLE 523 MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

L T P C

3 0 0 3

Unit 3 Mass Transfer Application Modelling the mass transport of Sulphur Dioxide into falling rain drops. Reaction Pathways. Mass and Charge Balance. The convective diffusion equation. Normalisation of the CDE with reaction kinetics. Modelling the Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Pathways for Ozone depletion. Unit 4 Global Warming and Climate Change Modelling Solar and Terrestrial Radiation. Quantifying the Green House Effect.. A model for estimating the Equilibrium temperature of the Earth. Aerosol and cloud processes. The Basic tenets of Global Circulation Models for Weather Forecasting Unit 5 Water Quality Modelling The unusual qualities of water. Modelling Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD). Estimating the BOD Reaction Rate Constant. The effect of Oxygen-demanding wastes on rivers. A model for De-oxygenation. The Oxygen-sag curve. Solid waste modelling: Waste to Energy. Modelling the methane potential of discards. Text Book

1. Introduction to Environmental Modelling, Jo Smith and Pete Smith, OUP, 2009 2. Gilbert M., Master, ‘Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science’

Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 3rd Edition, 2007. Reference Books 1. Howard S. Peavy, Donald R. Rowe, and George Tchobanoglous. ‘Environmental

Engineering’. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. 1985 2. Roland b. Stull : Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. John Wiley 1988. 3. Plus, Journal Articles from J. Geophys. Res., Geophysical Research Letters, Quarterly

Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar

Co

urse Prerequisites : Objectives This subject explains the basic concepts of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems with its applications. Outcome Students shall be able to understand 1. the basic remote sensing concepts and its characteristics 2. GIS and its requirements 3. data management with GIS 4. and carry out analysis and interpretation of GIS results Contents • Introduction • Image processing • Concepts of GIS • Map overlay • Applications Unit - I Basics of Remote Sensing Basic concepts of Remote Sensing - Introduction to remote sensing -Electromagnetic radiation -Characteristic of real remote sensing systems – Platforms – Satellite - Indian remote sensing satellite - Sensors - Satellite Retrievals Unit -II Image interpretation & Processing Image processing - Elements of image interpretation - Concepts of digital image processing Unit -III Basics of GIS Basic concepts of GIS - Introduction to GIS - History of development of GIS - Elements of GIS - Computer hardware and software Unit - IV GIS Analysis Map overlay - Vector and raster data model - Mapping concept - Data storage and database management Development of map overlay - Overlay operation Unit - V Applications Applications of GIS and remote sensing in Energy & Environmental Engineering. Text Books 1. A.N. Patel and Surendra Singh (1999), Remote Sensing Principles and Applications, Scientific Publisher, Jodpur. 2. P.A. Burrough (2000), Principle of Geographical Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Reference Books

CLE 524 REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS L T P C 3 0 0 3

1. T.M. Lillesand and R.W. Kiefer (1999), Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 2. Keith C. Clarke, Brad O. Parks, Michael P. Crane (2005), Geographic Information Systems and Environmental Modeling, Prentice-Hall of India. Mode of Evaluation Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

Course Prerequisites : There are no formal prerequisites for this course, although a basic knowledge of probability and statistics is helpful. Course Objectives • To provide knowledge related to the broad field of environmental risk assessment • Steps involved in the risk assessment process, including statistical characterization of

observed data • Knowledge about tools that can be used in defining environmental risks, particularly as

related to human health. • To develop practical skills in disaster mitigation, planning, response and post disaster

rehabilitation, particularly related to health and public health.

Contents • Risk management process and the role of risk assessment • Occupational risk concepts • Experiences and regulatory context of Environmental Risk Assessment • Role of Geo-informatics in disaster management • Disaster management schemes and role of various agencies Risk Assessment Introduction - Methodologies and Guidelines: Principles, Code of practice – Appointment of personnel and their responsibilities – Emergency plans: onsite and off site. Steps in risk assessment: Identification of risk, Extent of risk and disaster, Risk-Based Decisions for Corrective Action –Timely updation. Developing a Site Conceptual Model - Focusing on Risk-Based Decisions in Corrective Action - Risk Assessment: Dose Response and Target Level Calculations - Experiences in Environmental Risk Assessment. Occupational Health and Safety Occupational risk analysis survey and health evaluation, behavioral studies, occupational injury, disease reporting, investigation: monitoring and control of environmental hazards. Occupationally induced illness, non-occupational illness, and discomfort at work, the epidemiological approach, occupational health practice: investigation, monitoring, control, examples of occupational health hazards: nasal cancer, asbestosis, bronchitis, heart disease. Occupational health services. Methodologies and Management Techniques Risk assessment techniques for accidental release of toxic and inflammable materials, hazard analysis, potential risk, conceivable release mechanisms and release rates, fire and explosion hazards and simplified models for their assessment. Operations Management (OM), Risk Assessment and Disaster Response, Quantification Techniques, NGO Management, SWOT Analysis based on Design & Formulation Strategies, Insurance & Risk Management.

CLE535 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT L T P C 3 0 0 3

Disaster Management Introduction & Dimensions of Natural & Anthropogenic Disasters, Principles/Components of Disaster Management, Organizational Structure for Disaster Management, Disaster Management Schemes/SOPs, Natural Disasters and Mitigation Efforts, Flood Control, Drought Management, Cyclones, Avalanches, Mangroves, Land Use Planning, Inter-Linking of Rivers, Role of Union/States, Role of Armed Forces/Other Agencies in Disasters, Role of Financial Institutions in Mitigation Effort, Group Dynamics, Concept of Team Building, Motivation Theories and Applications, School Awareness and Safety Programs, Psychological and Social Dimensions in Disasters, Trauma and Stress, Emotional Intelligence, Electronic Warning Systems. Use of Information systems, Experiences and case studies Recent Trends in Disaster Information Provider, Geo Informatics in Disaster Studies, Cyber Terrorism, Remote Sensing & GIS Technology, Laser Scanning Applications in Disaster Management, Statistical Seismology, Quick Reconstruction Technologies, Role of Media in Disasters, Management of Epidemics, Bio-Terrorism, Forecasting / Management of Casualties. Important Statutes/ Legal Provisions, IEDs/Bomb Threat Planning, NBC Threat and Safety Measures, Forest Fires. References 1. Rao V. Kolluru, “Environmental Strategics hand book”, Mc-graw Hill Inc., New York,

1994. 2. Brock Neely. W & Blan G.E, “Environmental Exposure from chemicals, Volume II, Chc

Press Iunc., Florida, 1989. 3. Woodsen W.E., “Human factors design handbook – information and guidelines for

design to systems, facilities, equipment and product for human use”, Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1981.

Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics Objectives To enable a comprehensive understanding of: 1. Understand the industrial process, water utilization and waste water generation 2. Characteristics of industrial waste water and treatment options of industrial waste water Outcomes Clearly, the outcomes directly relate to the objectives, and upon completion of the course, the students shall be able to: 1. Analyze the waste water from different industries 2. Design suitable units for industrial waste water treatment 3. Select the suitable residue disposal options Contents • Water use in industry and waste water generation • Waste reduction and strength reduction • Treatment to industrial waste water • Industrial solid waste and disposal Introduction Industrial scenario in India - Uses of water by industry - Sources and types of industrial wastewater – Industrial wastewater disposal and environmental impacts - Reasons for treatment of industrial wastewater – Regulatory requirements and pollution control boards- Industrial waste survey - Industrial wastewater generation rates, characterization and variables - Population equivalent - Toxicity of industrial effluents and Bioassay tests. Individual and Common Effluent Treatment Plants - Joint treatment of industrial wastewater. Cleaner production Waste management approach, source reduction, Waste audit- volume and strength reduction – Material and process modifications- Recycle, reuse and byproduct recovery, Zero discharge processes- case studies. Treatment and Disposal of industrial effluents Equalization - Neutralization - Oil separation - Flotation - Precipitation - Heavy metal Removal – Refractory organics separation by adsorption - Aerobic and anaerobic biological treatments - High Rate reactors, Sequencing batch reactors, Chemical oxidation - Ozonation - Photocatalysis - Wet Air Oxidation - Evaporation - Ion Exchange – Membrane processes. Treatment and disposal of solid wastes Sources and quantities of solid waste from industrial processes, Waste classification –hazardous/non hazardous. Residuals of industrial wastewater treatment - Quantification and characteristics of Sludge Thickening, digestion, conditioning, dewatering and disposal of sludge

CLE 525 INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL L T P C 3 0 0 3

- Management of RO rejects. Waste to wealth – reuse options of solid residue. Case studies Industrial manufacturing process description, wastewater characteristics and waste treatment flow sheet for Textiles - Tanneries - Pulp and paper - metal finishing - Petroleum Refining - Chemical industries - Sugar and Distilleries -Dairy - Iron and steel - fertilizers – thermal power plants and Industrial clusters and Industrial Estates. References: 1. Eckenfelder, W.W., (1999) " Industrial Water Pollution Control ", Mc-Graw Hill. 2. Nelson, L. Nemerow(2000)”Liquid waste of Industry, Theories, Practice and Treatment, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, London. 3. World Bank Group (1998) " Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook - Towards Cleaner Production ", World Bank and UNEP, Washington D.C. 4. R.L Stephenson & J.B.Blackburn (1998) “Industrial Wastewater Systems Handbook, Lewis Publishers, New Yark. Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics Objectives To enable a comprehensive understanding of: 1. The evolution of the earth’s atmosphere 2. Characteristics of the terrestrial atmosphere 3. Homogeneous and heterogeneous processes in the atmosphere 4. A basic understanding of the recent advances made in the understanding of the

atmospheric processes leading to climate change Outcomes Clearly, the outcomes directly relate to the objectives, and upon completion of the course, the students shall be able to: 1. First acquire a basic understanding of the evolution of the earth’s atmosphere 2. Thereafter, learn about the structure and composition of the various atmospheric layers 3. Gain a basic grounding on atmospheric chemical cycles 4. Understand how atmospheric chemical processes are linked to the dynamics 5. Finally, gain an insightful understanding of the physico-chemical processes leading to

climate change. Contents

• Earth’s early atmosphere, present atmosphere, radiative attributes • Atmospheric winds, states of stability and Lapse rates • Tropospheric and Stratospheric chemistry • Atmospheric aerosol and clouds • Global warming and Green House Gas theory

Unit 1 Origins Origins of the Earth’s Atmosphere. Layers of the Atmosphere. Earth –Atmosphere System. Solar and Terrestrial Radiation. Absorption of Radiation by gases. Solar variability and the Earth’s Energy Balance.A simple model to estimate Green House Effect. Unit 2 Atmospheric States Stability The ideal Gas law, Atmospheric Composition, Hydrostatic balance, Derivation of the Potential Temperature, States of stability of the Atmosphere, Parcel Concepts. General Circulation and Geostrophic flows. Quantification of dry and moist adiabatic Lapse Rates. Cloud Formation Unit 3 Atmospheric Chemical Reactions Atmospheric Chemical Reactions. Chemical Kinetics, Bimolecular Reactions, Photodissociation. Stratospheric Ozone, Chapman Chemistry, Catalytic Cycles, Homogeneous and Heterogeneous pathways for Ozone destruction. The Antarctic Ozone Hole. Unit 4 Atmospheric Aerosols

CLE529 ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES AND CLIMATE CHANGE L T P C 3 0 0 3

Atmospheric Aerosol: Aerosol size distributions. Continental and Maritime Aerosol. Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation. Condensation, Coagulation, Evaporation. Sedimentation and dry deposition. Formation of Cloud droplets. Auto-conversion and Precipitation. Unit 5 Global Climate Change Global Climate Change : Global Temperature Record and Solar Variability. Possible Effects of Global Warming. Aerosol direct, in-direct and semi-direct effects. Climate Response to Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing. Climate Predicitions : Key attributes of Global Climate Models. Text Book 1. Atmospheric Processes and Systems, Russell D. Thomson, Routledge, 1998 2. Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science. Gilbert M. Masters. Prentice-Hall of India. 2005. References Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: The Third Assessment Report (2007). Cambridge University Press. Plus, Journal Articles from J. Geophys. Res., Climate Change, Geophysical Res. Letts. Etc. Mode of Evaluation : Assignments, Seminars, Written Examination

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics Aims & Objectives This course explores the aspects of the science of atmospheric pollution, looking at issues such as atmospheric composition, monitoring, acidic deposition, urban air quality and global changes in the atmosphere. The use of models in air pollution studies will be reviewed. Effects based approaches to air pollution control practices will be assessed. The public health implications of air and noise pollution at a range of spatial scale will be outlined. Expected Outcome After taking this course the student will be able to : • To describe the main chemical components and reactions in the atmosphere and examine

the factors responsible for perturbing these. • To review established methods for monitoring and modeling spatial and temporal

patterns of pollution. • To explore air pollution issues at a range spatial scales and how these are relaxed. • To assess the environmental impacts of atmospheric pollution. • To evaluate the scientific basis underlying in controlling of air pollutants. Contents : Introduction to Air Pollution Definition of Air Pollution, Global effects of air pollution, Air Pollution Episode, Sources and types of air pollutants, Effect of air pollutants on human beings, plants, animals and economic aspects. Sampling of Air Pollution Air pollution control acts, ambient air quality standards, sampling and measurement of particular and gaseous pollutants. Meteorology Environmental factors – meteorology – elemental properties of the atmosphere – influence of meteorological phenomena on air quality – plume dispersion – modelling – maximum mixing depth –stack design. Controlling of Air Pollution Controls – particulate pollutants, Source control, controlling equipment’s – settling chambers, ESP Particulate scrubbers and filters. Gaseous pollutants – absorption, adsorption devices, combustion and condensation devices. Noise Pollution and Control Noise Pollution –Sources & Effects, Kinetics of noise, Measurements and control, Noise standards and case studies.

CLE 520 AIR POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROL L T P C 3 0 0 3

Reference Books • Noel de Nevers, “Air Pollution Control Engineering”, McGraw Hill, Inc. New York,

1995. • Mahajan, S.P, “Pollution Control in Process industries, TMH Publishing Co.,New Delhi,

2000. • Stern A.C, “Air Pollution”, Academic Press, Inc. New York, 1991. Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar

CLE533 APPLICATION OF BIO-TECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

L T P C

3 0 0 3 Course Prerequisites : None Objectives: 1. To introduce microbial and biotechnological concepts and theories. 2. To understand the biotechnological tools and their applications for environmental

management. 3. To become familiar with the effective use of biotechnology in ecosustainable waste

management. Outcome: Students will be able to • Apply biotechnological concept and tools for green production technologies and

ecosustainable waste management ensuring sustainable development. Contents : Principles of biology-Cell, structure, types, functions and communication during developments; Genes and development-gene expression and their regulation, regulation of cell and animal body development; Environment and Ecosystem and its components; Energy and biogeochemical cycles; Microorganisms and Environment- microbes as functionary part of ecosystem, terrestrial and non-terrestrial environments, marine and freshwater environments; Ecological Niche; Historical Overview of Development and Pollution, Environmental Sustainability and Biodiversity; Biotechnology, Human and environment- concepts of biotechnology, its usefulness to humankind and global environment, theories and philosophy; Contradiction between economic and environment; Environmental Management Strategies for Sustainable Development; Microbial cell and enzyme technology- adapted microorganisms, bioremoval of nutrients, micro-algal biotechnology; Interaction of mixed microbial population and its applications in bioprocessing of wastes, role of extracellular polymers, bioremediation of environmental problems; Concept of rDNA technology, plasmid, mutation, genetically engineered microbial strains and applications of genetic engineering in environmental management; Problems of toxic chemicals- sources and categories, halogenated and non-halogenated, petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, human health effects caused by toxic chemical pollutions; Biodegradation of toxic pollutants, mechanisms of detoxification- oxidation reactions, dehalogenation, biotransformation of metals; Xenobiotic Compounds- types, sources and its hazards; Recalcitrance of xenobiotic compounds and leading factors; Biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds; Biotechnological remedies for environmental damages- decontamination of ground water systems, subsurface environment, reclamation concepts- bioremediation; Production of

proteins, Biotransformation of waste into biofertilizers, biogas and electrical energy, affecting physical, chemical and microbiological factors, health risk, odor management, technological advances; Environmental effects and ethics of microbial technology; Biosafety; Clean Technology- concepts and applications in industrial process, clean synthesis; Farming as an engineering process. Reference and Text Books 1. Pelczar, M. Microbiology, 5

th Edn, Tata McGraw Hill, ISBN 0074623206 Wainwright,

M. An Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology, Kluwer Academic Publisher, ISBN 0792385691

2. Martin, A.M. Biological Degradation of Wastes. Elsevier Applied Science, Barking, ISBN 1851666354

3. Alexander, M. Biodegradation and Bioremediation. 2nd

Ed., Academic Press, California, USA. ISBN 012049860X

4. Sayler, Gray S., Robert Fox, James W. Blackburn, Environmental Biotechnology for Waste Treatment, Plenum Press, New York. ISBN 0306439433

5. Bruce E. Rittmann, Eric Seagren, Brian A.Wrenn, Albert J. Valocchi, Chittaranjan Ray, Lutgarde Raskin, In-Situ Bioremediation, 2nd Ed., Noyes Publications, U.S.A. ISBN 0815513488 .

6. Sandy Primrose, Richard Twyman, Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics, 7Th

Ed., Blackwell Science Publications, Cambridge, ISBN: 1405135441 .

7. John T. Cookson, Jr. Bioremediation Engineering Design and Application, McGraw Hill, ISBN 0070126143/ 9780070126145.

Mode of Evaluation: Assignments and Seminar, Quizzes and Written Examination.

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics, chemistry and mathematics Objectives 1. To enable students understand various biomass to energy conversion technologies 2. To identify and adopt these technologies for thermal and electrical power generation Outcome At the end of the course, the student will be able to 1. identify a suitable biomass to energy conversion route for the available locally 2. develop an efficient conversion system for the thermal and electric power needs 3. undertake developmental projects in this area Contents • Biomass characteristics and resources • Biological conversion • Combustion and densification • Thermochemical conversion • Waste to energy conversion Unit - I Photosynthesis – Biomass composition - Ultimate and proximate analyses - Heating value - Biomass resources - Modes of biomass utilization for energy - Biomass conversion processes - Characteristics of biomass fuels Unit - II Biogas production - Types of substrates – Process parameters - Digester design - Operational problems – Biogas kinetics – Gas cleaning – Thermal and electrical conversion – High rate anaerobic digestion systems – Sludge utilization - Ethanol production processes – Distillation – Biodiesel: Preparation, characteristics and applications Unit -III Biomass combustion reactions – Combustion systems – Wood stoves and industrial combustion systems – Fluidized bed combustion systems – Phase theory - Densification – Types of devices – Performance parameters – Feed preparation – Properties of densified fuels – Applications - Charcoal production – Dendrothermal power generation Unit - IV Pyrolysis - Slow and fast pyrolysis – Biomass gasification –Types of gasifiers - Fluidized bed gasification - Equilibrium and kinetic considerations – Gas cleaning – Thermal applications – Decentralised power generation Unit - V Waste and its characteristics – Waste generation, collection, separation, treatment and storage –

MEE 541 BIO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES L T P C 3 0 0 3

Waste management – Waste conversion technologies: Landfill, incineration, gasification – Energy from sewage

treatment – Energy from industrial wastes – Environmental impacts – Policy and economics Text Book 1. Charles.Y. Wereko-Brobby and Essel B. Hagan, Biomass Conversion and Technology, John

Wiley & Sons. Reference Books 1. T.B. Reed (1988), Biomass Gasification, Noyes Data Corporation. 2. D.D. Hall and R.P. Grover (1987), Biomass Renewable Energy, John Wiley, New York. 3. Gerhard Knothe, Jon Van Gerpen and Jurgen Krahl (2005), The Biodiesel Handbook,

ISBN: 1893997790 Mode of Evaluation Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics, chemistry and mathematics Objectives 1. To make students familiar with importance of alternative fuels 2. To teach combustion and emission characteristics of various gaseous and liquid alternative flues 3. To teach engine requirements and adaptability of engines to alternative fuels Outcome 1. Learn limitations of fossil fuels and need for alternative fuels 2. Learn sources of various alternative flues 3. Learn storage, distribution and safety aspects of alternative fuels 4. An understanding of engine requirements and combustion characteristics fuels Contents • Introduction • Alcohol • CNG, LPG, Biogas and Producer gas • Hydrogen • Vegetable oils Unit - I Fossil fuels and their availability - Potential alternative liquid and gaseous fuels - Merits and demerits of various alternative fuels - Engine requirements Unit -II Methods of production - Properties - Blends of gasoline and alcohol - Performance in SI engines – Adaptability - Combustion and emission characteristics - Performance in CI engines - Emission characteristics - Properties of alcohol esters Unit -III Production and properties of CNG, LPG, biogas and producer gas - Performance and emission in SI/CI engines - Storage, distribution and safety aspects Unit - IV Sources of Hydrogen - Properties - Production of hydrogen - Transportation, storage and safety aspects - Performance and emission characteristics – Adaptability - Fuel cell - Hybrid vehicles • Unit - V Various vegetables oils - Properties - Esterification - Performance and emission characteristics - Bio-diesel: Feed stock, characteristics, preparation (lab and commercial), storage, applications, environmental impacts, economics, policy Text Book 1. Osamu Hirao and Richard Pefley (1988), Present and Future Automotive Fuels, Wiley

Interscience Publication, New York. Reference Books 1. Alcohols and Motor Fuels: Progress in Technology - Series No. 19 - SAE Publication

USA

CLE530 ALTERNATIVE FUELS L T P C 3 0 0 3

2. SAE Papers 840367, 841156, 841334, 841333, 941969, 902095, 962094, JSAE 9938100, SAE 952508, 950777, 961988.

3. The Properties and Performance of Modern Alternative Fuels, SAE Paper No 84210. 4. R.L. Bechtold (1997), Alternative Fuels Guidebook, SAE. 5. CD ROM Collection (2004), 21st Century Complete Guide to Alternative Fuels,

Progressive Management Publisher. 6. Nick Wagoner and Sheryl Wagoner (2006), Alternate Fuels: An Overview, Thomson

Delmar Learning. 7. Reda Mohamed Bata (1994), Alternate Fuels: A Decade of Success and Promise

(Progress in Technology), SAE International. 8. Gerhard Knothe, Jon Van Gerpen and Jurgen Krahl (2005), The Biodiesel Handbook,

ISBN: 1893997790 Mode of Evaluation Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics Objectives To enable the students 1. understand the processes of generation of wind, its potential and energy extraction 2. identify and estimate wind resource potential of an area 3. understand the aerodynamic principles of turbine blade design 4. understand the functioning of wind electric generators and the operation wind farms. Outcome At the end of the course, the students will be able to 1. prepare and evaluate detailed project reports for establishing a wind farm 2. understand the operation of a wind farm and economics of power generation Contents

1. Wind resource estimation 2. Wind turbine 3. Electric power generation 4. Wind farms 5. Stand-alone systems

Unit-I Wind resource – wind regime analysis - wind speed and direction – wind speed distributions - power in the wind - wind measurement – identification of a windy site - estimation of energy in the wind - software applications. Unit-II Types of wind mills – principles of blade design – airfoils - lift and drag - blade profiles – characteristics and performance of turbines – components of Wind Electric Generators (WEG) - Energy from WEGs – safety - power curves - wind to electricity conversion. Unit-III Actual power from a turbine – electric generators – its types – power generation and transmission - grid interface – power evacuation – capacity utilization factor - drive train oscillation - effect of speed on generation - other electrical characteristics of turbines. Unit-IV Wind farms – micro-siting - problems in grid interface – DPR preparation and evaluation – policy – economics – environmental impacts – future developments. Unit -V Stand alone systems – wind water pumps – wind battery charges – hybrid systems – installation of WEG – testing and certification of WEG - offshore wind. Reference Books 1. Thomas Ackermann, (2005), Wind Power in Power Systems, John Wiles & Son Ltd.

MEE584 WIND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY L T P C 3 0 0 3

2. Ray Hunter, (1997), Wind Energy Conversion: From Theory to Practice, John Wiley and Son Ltd.

3. Gary L.Johnson, (1985), Wind Energy Systems, Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey. 4. Desire Le Gouriers, (1982), Wind Power Plants: Theory and Design, Pergamon Press. 5. Tony Burton, David Sharpe, Nick Jenkins and Ervin Bossanyi (2001), Wind Energy

Handbook, 1st

Edition, John Wiley & Sons. 6. Paul Gipe (1999), Wind Energy Basics: A Guide to Small and Micro Wind Systems,

Chelsea Green Publishing Company. 7. Ray Hunter and George Elliot (2004), Wind-Diesel Systems: A Guide to the Technology

and Its Implementation, Cambridge University Press. 8. Martin O L Hansen (2001), Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines, James & James/Earthscan. 9. John A C Kentfield (1996), The Fundamentals of Wind-Driven Water Pumpers, Spon

Press, UK. 10. Richard Leslie Hills (1996), Power from Wind, Cambridge University Press. 11. J.F.Manwell, J.G.McGowan and A.L.Rogers, (2002), Wind Energy Explained: Theory,

Design and Application, Wiley Publishers.www.windpower.org Model of Evaluation : Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

Course Prerequisites : Fluid mechanics and mathematics Objectives 1. To enable students understand role of various components of micro, mini and small hydro

systems 2. To carryout detailed project reports 3. To identify, design, and execute SHP projects 4. To evaluate SHP projects, technically and economically Outcome Students will be able to 1. identify and carry out sizing of a SHP project 2. prepare a Detailed Project Report (DPR) 3. carry out energy, economic and environmental impacts of the project Contents • Site identification and resource estimation • Small hydro civil structures • Hydromechanical equipment • Electrical systems design • Economics, planning, policy and project implementation Unit - I Types of hydro projects – Site identification and evaluation– Hydrological analysis – Discharge curve – Estimation of power potential – Preparation of DPR Unit -II Hydraulics and structural designs related to SHP – Codes and practices – Diversion and intake structures – Power channel, desilting tank and tail race channel – Balancing reservoir, spillway and forebay tank – Penstock – Power house building – Machinery foundations Unit -III Types of turbines: Impulse, reaction and axial flow – Non-conventional types: Propeller, bulb and cross flow – Pumps as turbines – Mechanical governors – Characteristic of turbines – Selection of gates and valves – Installation, operation and maintenance of SHP systems Unit - IV Stand-alone and grid connected systems - Electrical equipment planning - Sizing of single and three phase generators – Synchronous and induction generators - Power factor and its correction methods – Generator characteristics – Excitation systems – Transformers and circuit breakers – Governor systems – Protection and control – Auxiliary systems – Grounding – Switchyard equipment – Instrumentation and control - Synchronization Unit - V DPR evaluation– Detailed technical feasibility report preparation– Project planning – Schedules – Plant and machinery – Operation and maintenance – Policy – Financing – Economics of power generation – Environmental impact Text Book 1. Jack J. Fritz (1984), Small and Mini Hydropower Systems, McGraw Hill.

MEE562 SMALL HYDRO POWER SYSTEMS L T P C 3 0 0 3

Reference Books 1. Adam Harvey, Andy Brown, Priyantha Hettiarachi, Allen Inversin (1993), Micro-Hydro

Design Manual: A Guide to Small-Scale Water Power Schemes, ITDG Publishing. 2. Varma (1997), Renewable Energy Small Hydro, 1

st Edition, SWETS.

3. Small Hydro Power in China: A Survey, (1985), Hangzhou Regional Centre, China, ITDG Publishing.

4. S. K. Wagner, D. R. Webb, Jr. Mayo and C. N. Papadakis (Ed.) (1992), Small Hydro Power Fluid Machinery, American Society of Civil Engineers.

5. Jeremy Thake (2000), The Micro-Hydro Pelton Turbine Manual: Design, Manufacture and Installation for Small-Scale Hydropower, ITDG Publishing.

6. Scott Davis (2003), Microhydro: Clean Power from Water, New Society Publishers. 7. Nigel Smith (1994), Motors As Generators for Micro-Hydro Power, ITDG Publishing. . Mode of Evaluation Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics, chemistry and mathematics Objectives The student will be exposed to hydrogen energy, fuel cells and their applications Outcome Students will be able to 1. understand the hydrogen generation, storage and application techniques 2. know the power generation using a fuel cell, its types, operation, and applications Contents • Hydrogen production technologies: Basic principles • Hydrogen storage technologies: Basic principles • Fuel cell fundamentals • Operating principles and design considerations • Fuel cell applications Unit - I Importance of hydrogen as a future energy carrier – Thermodynamic and thermophysical properties - Chemical production of hydrogen – Steam reforming, thermal decomposition etc. - Purification - Desulfurization, removal of CO2, CO, etc. - Electrolytic hydrogen production – Electrolyzer configurations - Thermolytic hydrogen production – Direct dissociation of water, chemical dissociation of water, photolytic hydrogen production, photobiological hydrogen production Unit II Compressed gas storage - Cryogenic liquid storage - Solid state storage – Adsorption and chemical compounds, Metal hydrides, hydride heat pumps and compressors Unit III Fuel cells classification – operating temperatures, state of electrolyte, type of fuel, chemical nature of electrolyte. Unit IV Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) - Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC) - Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC) - Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC) - Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) - Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) Unit - V Stationary systems, automotive systems, portable fuel cells, small (less than 1 kW) fuel cells Text Book

MEE542 HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS L T P C 3 0 0 3

1. Aldo V. da Rosa (2005), Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Processes, Elsevier Academic Press.

Reference Books 1. Wolf Vielstich, Arnold Lamm and H.A. Gastieger (2003), Handbook of Fuel Cells Vol 1-4,

John Wiley. 2. Gregor Hogen Ed. (2003), Fuel Cell Technology Handbook, CRC Press. Mode of Evaluation : Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

MEE626 NUCLEAR POWER ENGINEERING L T P C 3 0 0 3 Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics Objectives The student will be exposed to the basic physics of nuclear reactions, operation of nuclear reactors, its types, power generation methods, safety and environmental aspects. Outcome Student will be able to 1. know the nuclear fission and fusion processes 2. understand the working of a nuclear reactors 3. understand power generation and safety aspects Contents • Nuclear reactors • Reactor materials • Reprocessing • Separation of reactor products • Waste disposal and radiation protection Unit - I Mechanism of nuclear fission – Nuclides - Radioactivity – Decay chains - Neutron reactions - Fission process – Reactors - Types of reactors – Design and construction of nuclear reactors -Heat transfer techniques in nuclear reactors - Reactor shielding Unit -II Nuclear fuel cycles – Characteristics of nuclear fuels – Uranium – Production and purification of uranium – Conversion to UF4 and UF6 – Other fuels like Zirconium, Thorium, Berylium Unit III Nuclear fuel cycles - Spent fuel characteristics - Role of solvent extraction in reprocessing -Solvent extraction equipment Unit IV Processes to be considered - Fuel element dissolution - Precipitation process – Ion exchange - Redox -Purex - TTA – Chelation -U235 -Hexone - TBP and Thorax processes - Oxidative slagging and electro-refining - Isotopes – Principles of isotope separation Unit - V Types of nuclear wastes – Safety control and pollution control and abatement - International convention on safety aspects – Radiation hazards prevention Text Books 1. S. Glasstone and A. Sesonske (1981), Nuclear Reactor Engineering, 3

rd Edition, von

Nostrand. 2. M.M. El-Wakil (1962), Nuclear Power Engineering, McGraw-Hill. Reference Books

1. J.R. Lamarsh (1966), Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Theory, Wesley. 2. J.J. Duderstadt and L.J. Hamiition (1976), Nuclear Reactor Analysis, John Wiley 3. A.E. Walter and A.B. Reynolds (1981), Fast Breeder Reactor, Pergamon Press. 4. R.H.S. Winterton (1981), Thermal Design of Nuclear Reactors, Pergamon Press. 5. M.M. El-Wakil (1971), Nuclear Energy Conversion, Intext Educational Publish. Mode of Evaluation Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

Course Prerequisites : Basic electrical engg and mathematics Objectives 1. To impart the knowledge of frequency and voltage control in power system and the

function of modern energy control centers 2. Lays the foundation for energy conservation by analyzing various schemes, which is of

prime importance in the modern energy crisis 3. To conduct energy audit and hence suggest means to improve energy management 4. To understand the importance of economic dispatch and unit commitment problem Outcome Students will be able to 1. model various control loops in power system and analyze their performance 2. conduct energy audit and hence suggest means to improve energy management 3. understand the importance of economic dispatch and unit commitment problem Contents • Introduction • Power system control • Energy management • Energy accounting • Computer control of energy systems Unit - I Concept of energy management - Energy demand and supply - Economic analysis - Duties and responsibility of energy managers - Monitoring and targeting - Data and information analysis – Techniques - Energy management information systems - Energy service companies Unit -II Control loops of synchronous generator, ALFC, Voltage VAR control - Inter connection of loops Development of Voltage VAR and ALFC models - Reactive power control, load frequency control, inter connected operation, AGC, area control error, flat frequency control, flat tie-line and flat frequency control - Tie-line bias control Unit -III Supply side: Methods to minimize supply-demand gap - Renovation and modernization of power plants – Reactive power management - HVDC and FACTS - Demand side: Conservation in motors, pumps and fan systems - Energy efficient motors Unit - IV

ELECTRICAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT L T P C 3 0 0 3

Introduction to interconnected operation of energy systems - Measurement of energy and reactive power flow – Interchange negotiations, examples, inter connected energy accounting Unit - V Energy control center - Hardware and software requirements - SCADA system, data acquisition, logging and display - EMS Software - Network configuration - State estimation, steady-state security assessment, contingency analysis and ranking - Economic dispatch calculation - Unit commitment - Load forecasting (short, medium and long term) - Online power flow - Optimal power flow Text Book 1. George L. Kusic (1988), Computer Aided Power System Analysis, PHI Publication Reference Books 1. O.L. Elgard (1987), Electrical Energy System Theory – An Introduction, Tata McGraw-

Hill Publication. 2. Robert H. Miller and James H. Malin Owaki (1987), Power System Operation, 3rd

Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill. 3. P.S.R. Murthy (1994), Power System Operation and Control, Tata McGraw-Hill

Publication. Mode of Evaluation Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

MEE628 ENERGY IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT L T P C

3 0 0 3 Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics Objectives To enable essential and practical understanding of the basic energy requirements in buildings To understand the external and internal energy processes which control the built environment To study emerging technologies in building energy management Outcome After taking this course the student will be able to 1. understand the various energy use and energy processes in building 2. know interaction of various external parameters influencing building energy requirements 3. know the energy requirements for lighting, air-conditioning, etc. 4. take energy audit and energy conservation measures in buildings 5. understand the management of indoor environmental requirements Contents • Energy processes and environmental requirements in building • Influence of climate and solar radiation • Thermal performance of Buildings • Energy and environment management in building • Technologies for low energy buildings Unit - I Indoor activities and environmental control - Internal and external factors on energy use - Characteristics of energy use and its management -Macro aspect of energy use in dwellings and its implications - Thermal comfort - Ventilation and air quality - Air-conditioning requirement -Visual perception - Illumination requirement - Auditory requirement Unit - II The sun-earth relationship - Climate, wind, solar radiation and temperature - Sun shading and solar radiation on surfaces - Energy impact on the shape and orientation of buildings – Lighting and daylighting: Characteristics and estimation, methods of day-lighting - Architectural considerations for day-lighting Unit -III Steady and unsteady heat transfer through wall and glazed window - Standards for thermal performance of building envelope - Evaluation of the overall thermal transfer - Thermal gain and net heat gain - End-use energy requirements - Status of energy use in buildings - Estimation of energy use in a building Unit - IV

Energy audit and energy targeting - Technological options for energy management - Natural and forced ventilation – Indoor environment and air quality - Airflow and air pressure on buildings - Flow due to stack effect Unit - V Passive building architecture – Radiative cooling - Solar cooling techniques - Solar desiccant dehumidification for ventilation - Natural and active cooling with adaptive comfort – Evaporative cooling – Zero energy building concept Text Book 1. J. Krieder and A. Rabl (2000), Heating and Cooling of Buildings: Design for Efficiency,

McGraw-Hill. Reference Books 1. S. M. Guinnes and Reynolds (1989), Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings,

Wiley. 2. A. Shaw (1991), Energy Design for Architects, AEE Energy Books. 3. ASHRAE (2001), Handbook of Fundamentals, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA. 4. Reference Manuals of DOE-2 (1990), Orlando Lawrence-Berkeley Laboratory,

University of California, and Blast, University of Illinois, USA. Mode of Evaluation Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic economics and mathematics Objectives 1. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the concepts and methodologies for project

identification, project preparation, project evaluation and project financing 2. To make the student understand the project cycle and their wide socio-economic and

environmental impacts 3. To make the student learn how to evaluate a project in view of global concern about

sustainable development of energy and environment projects Outcome Students will be able to 1. Identify various energy and environmental features of a project 2. Develop a project with suitable technology, cost concepts, financial calculations and

environmental impacts 3. Carry out techno-economic evaluation of energy projects with environmental considerations Contents

• Energy project preparation and development • Cost concepts and financial calculations • Economic evaluation of energy projects • Financial evaluation of projects • Environmental issues in energy projects

Unit - I Features of energy projects - Project cycle - Context of energy projects - Project identification- Project proposal preparation - Pre-feasibility and feasibility studies - Budgeting - Project approval and implementation Unit -II Cost concepts - Time value of money - Interest formulas and equivalence – Inflation - Methods of project evaluation - Deprecation Unit -III Alternatives methods of project evaluation - Traditional methods and new developments - Valuation of costs and benefits - Uncertainty and risk analysis of projects - Sensitivity and break even analysis Unit - IV Sources of funds – Project financing - Elements of financial costs - Financial structure and project feasibility - Revenue streams - Effects of assumptions and pricing - Sensitivity analysis Unit - V

Evaluation of environmental impacts - Methods of economic evaluation of environmental impacts - Energy sector and environmental policies – Case studies Text Books 1. H. Razavi (1996), Financing Energy Projects in Emerging Economies, PennWell Books,

Tulsa, Oklahoma. 2. H.K. Sang (1995), Project Evaluation: Techniques and Practices for Developing

Countries, Avebury, England. Reference Books 1. C.S. Park (2002), Contemporary Engineering Economics, Third Edition, Prentice-Hall, NJ. 2. R. Zebre and D. Dively (1994), Benefit-Cost Analysis: In Theory and Practice, Harper Collins. 3. Retscreen software (www.retscreen.net) (2006 ), Natural Resources Canada. Mode of Evaluation Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination DESIGN OF THERMAL SYSTEMS L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics Objectives 1. To understand various optimization techniques and apply them to thermal design 2. To expose mathematical tools for characterization of performance of energy equipments 3. To study modelling methods for thermal equipments and learn simulation techniques 4. To understand energy recovery by pinch technology Outcome Upon completion of this course, the student shall be able to design thermal systems at optimal functional level. Contents • System design and Economics • Data analysis and deduction • Modelling of thermal equipments • System Simulation and Optimization • Pinch technology Workable and optimum systems - Economics: Lump sum compounded annually, Compound

Amount Factor (CAF), Present Worth Factor (PWF), Future Worth and Depreciation - Equation

fitting: Linear, quadratic and polynomial fits, uniformly spaced data, Lagrange interpolation,

Exponential fitting and Least squares method - Estimation of thermodynamic properties: T-C-P

characteristics of binary solutions, Developing T-X diagram, Condensation and distillation,

Simulating pumping power and pressure drop -Heat exchanger basics, Counter flow HX,

effectiveness, NTU - System simulation: Successive substitution, Newton-Raphson method with

one variable and Newton-Raphson method with multiple unknowns – Optimization: Lagrange

multiplier, Test for minimum and maximum - Exhaustive, Dichotomous, Fibonacci and Uni-

variate search methods -Linear Programming by Simplex method - Pinch Technology: Basic

concepts, Steam networks and significance of Pinch technology, Load determination by Tabular

method, Design of recovery systems using Pinch technology.

Text Book 1. W.F. Stoecker (1989), Design of Thermal Systems, 3

rd Edition, McGraw-Hill.

Reference Books 1. Y.Jaluria (1998), Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems, McGraw-Hill. 2. R.F.Boehm (1987), Design Analysis of Thermal Systems, John Wiley & Sons. 3. B.K. Hodge (1988), Analysis and Design of Energy systems, Prentice-Hall Inc. 4. A.Bejan, G.Tsatsaronis and M.Moran (1996), Thermal Design and Optimization, John

Wiley & Sons. 5. Ian C.Kemp (2007), Pinch Analysis and Process Integration (Kemp), 2

nd Edition, Elsevier.

Mode of Evaluation : Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

ENERGY SYSTEMS MODELING AND ANALYSIS L T P C 3 0 0 3 Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics Objectives 1. To impart knowledge on various energy conversion technologies 2. To optimize various energy systems 3. To apply the dynamic, linear and geometric programming for solving problems related to

energy systems Outcome After the completion of this course, the students will be able to 1. analyse data and interpret the results 2. develop mathematical models for various energy systems and components 3. optimize energy systems and its components Contents

• Introduction • Modeling and system simulation • Optimization • Dynamic, linear and geometric programming • Mathematical modeling

Unit - I Overview of various technologies and conventional methods of energy conversion - Power cycles Designing a workable system - Workable and optimum systems - Steps in arriving at a workable system Creativity in concept selection - Workable Vs optimum system - Equation fitting - Mathematical modeling - Polynomial representation - Functions of two variables - Exponential forms - Best fit method of least squares Unit -II Modeling of thermal equipment - Counter flow heat exchanger - Evaporators and condensers -Heat exchanger effectiveness - Effectiveness of a counter flow heat exchanger – NTU -Pressure drop and pumping power - System simulation - Classes of simulation - Information flow diagrams - Sequential and simultaneous calculations - Successive substitution - Newton-Raphson method Unit -III Optimization - Mathematical representation of optimization problems - Optimization procedure - Setting up the mathematical statement of the optimization problem - Lagrange multipliers - Lagrange multiplier equations - Unconstrained optimization - Constrained optimization -Sensitivity coefficients - Search methods - Single variable - Exhaustive-Dichotomous and Fibonacci - Multivariable unconstrained - Lattice-univariable and steepest ascent Unit - IV

Dynamic programming - Characteristic of the dynamic programming solution -Apparently constrained problem - Application of dynamic programming to energy system problems - Geometric programming One independent variable unconstrained - Multivariable optimization - Constrained optimization with zero degree of difficulty - Linear programming - Simplex method - Big-M method - Application of LP to thermal systems Unit - V Thermodynamic properties - Internal energy and enthalpy - Pressure temperature relationship at saturated conditions - Specific heat - P-V-T equations - Mathematical modeling - Need for mathematical modeling - Criteria for fidelity of representation - Linear regression analysis Text Book 1. I.J. Nagrath and M. Gopal (1984), Systems Modeling and Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hill. Reference Books 1. W.F. Stoecker (1989), Design of Thermal Systems, 3

rd Edition, McGraw-Hill.

2. B.K. Hodge and Robert P. Taylor (1990), Analysis and Design of Thermal Systems, Prentice-Hall Inc. 3. D.J. Wide (1984), Globally Optimal Design, Wiley Interscience. Mode of Evaluation Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

MEE631 FUELS AND COMBUSTION L T P C 3 0 0 3 Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics Objectives 1. To know the composition of various types of fuels and its properties 2. To understand the thermodynamics of combustion 3. To understand the pollution from fossil fuels and its mitigation Outcome Student will be able to 1. analyse the composition of various types of fuels and its properties 2. estimate the pollution from fossil fuels and its control 3. explain the thermodynamics of combustion Contents

• Characterization of fuels • Solid and liquid fuels • Gaseous fuels • Combustion stoichiometry and kinetics • Air pollution

Unit - I Fuels – Types and characteristics of fuels – Determination of properties of fuels - Fuel analysis - Proximate and ultimate analysis - Moisture determination – Calorific value – Gross and net calorific values - Calorimetry – Dulong’s formula for CV estimation -Flue gas analysis - Orsat apparatus -Fuel and ash storage and handling – Spontaneous ignition temperatures Unit - II Solid Fuels: Wood and wood charcoal - Origin of coal - Composition of coal –Analysis and properties of different grades of coal – Preparation and storage of coal - Coal washing –Briquetting – India’s resources – Quality of Indian coal Liquid fuels: Origin of petroleum fuels – Production – Composition - Petroleum refining-various grades of petro products –Properties and testing –Alcohol - Shale oil - Gasification of liquid fuels – Synthetic fuels Storage and handling of liquid fuels – Alcohol policy of Government of India – Alcohol raw material – Possible potential in India Unit -III Classification – Composition and properties – Estimation of calorific value - Gas calorimeter - Rich and lean gas – Wobbe index - Natural gas - Dry and wet natural gas - Stripped NG - Foul and sweet NG - LPG - LNG – CNG – Methane - Producer Gas - Gasifiers – Water gas – Town gas - Coal gasification Gasification efficiency – Non-thermal route – Biogas: Digesters, reactions, viability and economics – Raw material – Production capacity – Design of biogas plant Unit – IV Stoichiometry - Mass basis and volume basis – Excess air calculation - Fuel and flue gas

compositions – Calculations - Rapid methods – Combustion processes - Stationary flame - Surface or flameless combustion – Submerged combustion - Pulsating and slow combustion - Explosive combustion Mechanism of combustion - Ignition and ignition energy - Spontaneous combustion - Flame propagation - Solid, Liquid and gaseous fuels combustion – Flame temperature – Theoretical, adiabatic and actual - Ignition limits – Limits of inflammability Unit - V Types of pollution - Combustion generated air pollution - Effects of air pollution - Pollution of fossil fuels and its control - Pollution from automobiles and its control - Kyoto Protocol – Carbon trading Text Book 1. S.P. Sharma and Chandramohan (1994), Fuels and Combustion, Tata McGraw-Hill. Reference Books 1. Civil Davies (1970), Calculation in Furnace Technology, Pergamon Press. 2. Samir Sarkar (1992), Fuels and Combustion, Orient Longman. 3. Obrert Edward (1986), I.C Engines and Air Pollution, Harper and Row Publishers. 4. A.G. Blokh (1988), Heat Transfer in Steam Boiler Furnace, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. Mode of Evaluation Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

MEE 543 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS L T P C 3 0 0 3 Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics Objectives To make students 1. understand the computational techniques useful in the analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer 2. expose and train in using commercial CFD software and in writing codes for specific CFD applications Outcome At the end of the course the student will be able to 1. formulate equations for fluid flow and heat transfer problems 2. understand the basic concepts of CFD techniques 3. solve conduction and convection & diffusion problems 4. solve incompressible fluid flow problems 5. use FLUENT to solve problems Contents • Review of the equations governing fluid flow and heat transfer • Finite difference method • Heat conduction, convection and diffusion • Solution of Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flows • Problem solving Unit - I Basic Fluid Flow Equation Introduction to equations governing fluid flow and heat transfer - Conservation of mass, conservation of energy - expanded and special forms of Navier-Stokes equations - Potential theory - Boundary layer theory - Compressible flows - Turbulent flows. Unit -II Numerical Methods Introduction to finite differences, difference equations and discretization – Finite difference methods: Explicit, implicit and Crank-Nicholson – Convergence and stability conditions - ADI – Boundary conditions - Applications to steady and transient heat conduction equations. Two phase flows Unit -III CFD & Diffusion Processes One- and two- dimensional steady & transient conduction - Steady one-dimensional convection and diffusion - Solution methodology: upwind scheme, exponential scheme, hybrid scheme, power law scheme – Explicit, Implicit, Crank-Nicolson schemes – Stability criterion. Unit - IV Momentum Equation applications Representation of the pressure gradient term and continuity equation - Staggered grid -

Momentum equations – Pressure and velocity corrections - Pressure correction equation - SIMPLE algorithm Boundary conditions for the pressure correction method. Unit - V Using Fluent Introduction to Gambit and Fluent software – Problem solving using Fluent and Gambit. Reference Books 1. S.V. Patankar (1994), Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, Hemisphere, New York. 2. Y. Jaluria and K.E. Torrance (1986), Computational Heat Transfer, Hemisphere

Publishing Corp. 3. J.D. Anderson, Jr. (1995), Computational Fluid Dynamics – The Basic with Applications,

McGraw-Hill. 4. K.A. Hoffman (1989), Computational Fluid Dynamics for Engineering, Engineering

Education System, Austin, Texas. 5. K. Muralidhar and T. Sundarajan (1995), Computatioanl Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer,

Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi. 6. Fluent 6.1 Manual (2001), Fluent Inc. Mode of Evaluation :Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

MEE563 ADVANCED HEAT TRANSFER L T P C 3 0 0 3 Course Prerequisites : Basic physics Objectives

• To impart advanced knowledge on heat transfer • To enable the student to comprehend and evaluate various modes of heat transfer • To enable the student to pursue R&D activities in heat and momentum transport and

their applications. Outcome At the end of the course, the student will be able to • Apply advanced principles of heat transfer for designing heat transfer systems • Solve heat transfer based problems under more complicated situations Course Contents Conduction Heat transfer

Convection Heat transfer

Radiation Heat transfer

Conduction: Transient heat conduction in 2D and 3D, analytical solutions, integral method. Conduction with moving boundary, solidification and melting. Convection: derivation of energy equation and boundary layer approximation. Similarity

solution for thermal laminar boundary layer over flat plate and wedge. Introduction to integral

methods, flat plate with arbitrarily varying wall temperature, local similarity. Forced Convection

in turbulent flow, eddy diffusivity, momentum and energy equation in turbulent shear layer,

Reynold's analogy, 3 layer model for turbulence. Natural and mixed convection, natural

convection from flat plates and horizontal cylinders, natural convection between parallel plates

and in cavities.

Radiation: Integral equation for radiative exchange, Monte Carlo method. Radiation of weakly absorbing media, radiation properties of gases, equivalent beam length, radiation of flames. Reference Books 1. Frank P. Incropera and David P. De Witt (2003), Introduction to Heat Transfer, John

Wiley & Sons. 2. H.C. Hottel and A.F. Sarofim (1997), Radiative Heat Transfer, McGraw Hill Pvt. Ltd. 3. W.M. Rohsenow, J.P. Hartnett and E.N. Ganic (1987), Handbook of Heat Transfer

Fundamentals, McGraw-Hill Pvt. Ltd. 4. W.M. Kays and M.E. Crawford (1993), Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, McGraw-

Hill Pvt. Ltd. 5. R.Siegel and R. Howell (1993), Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, 3

rd Edition,

Hemisphere New York. 6. Sadic Kakac and Yaman Yena (1995), Convective Heat Transfer, 2

nd Edition, CRC Press,

London. Mode of Evaluation : Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

CLE531 SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES L T P C 3 0 0 3 Course Prerequisites : None Objectives To make students understand the fundamental theory governing solar thermal and photovoltaic devices and make them carry out preliminary system designs. Outcome At the end of the course the student will be able to 1. estimate solar radiation received on a surface 2. predict the performance of solar thermal devices and analyse its performance 3. carryout sizing of solar photovoltaic systems Contents •Solar Radiation •Solar Flat Plate Collectors •Solar Design Methods and Concentrators •Solar PV Sizing •PV Sizing Project Unit -I Solar radiation relations – Radiation on horizontal and tilted surfaces – Extraterrestrial radiation - Estimation of clear sky radiation – Total radiation on fixed sloped surfaces Unit -II Heat transfer aspects in solar thermal – Radiation absorbed by a solar collector -Theory of Flat Plate Collectors Unit -III Mean fluid and plate temperature – Collector performance - Theory of solar air heaters – Basics of concentrating collectors Unit -IV Characteristics of PV cells and modules – Performance parameters – PV system configurations – Battery Modelling a PV system – Sizing of a stand-alone system Unit -V Mini sizing projects Text Books 1. John A. Duffie and William A. Beckman (2006), Solar Engineering of Thermal Process,

3rd

Edition, John Wiley & Sons. 2. Tomas Markvart (2000), Solar Electricity, 2

nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons.

Reference Books 1. S.P. Sukhatme (1996), Solar Energy - Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage, 2

nd

Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.

2. D. Yogi Goswami, Frank Krieth and Jan F. Kreider (2000), Principles of Solar

Engineering, 2nd

Edition, Taylor and Francis, USA.

3. J.S. Hsieh (1986), Solar Energy Engineering, Prentice Hall.

4. Simon Roberts (1992), Solar Electricity: Practical Guide to Designing and Installing

Small Photovoltaic Systems, Prentice-Hall.

Mode of Evaluation Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics Objectives To expose the student to various concepts in thermodynamics, heat transfer and fluid flow concepts and develop their skills in analysing and designing systems to field problems. Outcome At the end of the course, the student will be able to 1. apply and analyse a thermodynamic system 2. apply heat transfer knowledge to design practical systems 3. apply and design fluid flow systems Contents • Thermodynamic Principles • Conduction Heat Transfer • Convective Heat Transfer • Radiation Heat Transfer and Heat Exchangers • Principles of Fluid Mechanics Unit – I Thermodynamic system – Heat, work and energy - Thermodynamic processes – P-V-T diagrams -Thermodynamic laws – Carnot cycle – Availability concept – T-s relations – Entropy applications - Gas laws - Power cycles – Psychrometry Unit – II Conduction, convection and radiation laws – One dimensional, steady state heat conduction in simple geometries – Critical thickness of insulation – Thermal resistance – Fin performance – Unsteady heat conduction – Non-dimensional numbers – Use of various heat transfer charts Unit – III Boundary value theory – Conservation equations for flow over plate – Turbulent flow over plate – Internal flow through pipes and annular spaces – Flow over surfaces - Natural convection over surfaces Unit – IV Thermal radiation – Radiation laws – Black body – Emissive power – Shape factor – Radiation shields - Heat exchangers types and applications – Use of LMTD – Effectiveness-NTU method – Compact heat exchangers – Selection of heat exchangers Unit – V Types of flow – Potential lines – Euler and Bernoulli’s equations and applications – Momentum equation – Pipe flow – Darcy’s law – Moody’s diagram – Hagen-Poiseuille equation – Turbulent flow – Raleigh and Buckingham π theorems – Boundary layers – Laminar and turbulent flows – Boundary layer thickness – Drag and lift.

Text Books 1. P. K. Nag (2005), Engineering Thermodynamics, 3

rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.

2. J.P. Holman (2005), Heat Transfer, 9th

Edition, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. 3. V.L. Streeter (2001), Fluid Mechanics, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Data Book 1. C.P. Kothandaraman and S. Subramanyan (2004), Heat and Mass Transfer Data Book,

5th Edition, New Age International Publishers. Reference Books 1. M. Achuthan (2004), Engineering Thermodynamics, Prentice-Hall of India Limited. 2. Yunus A. Cengel (2004), Heat Transfer - A Practical Approach, Tata McGraw-Hill

Publishing Co. Ltd. Frank Kreith and Mark S. Bohn (2001), Principles of Heat Transfer, 6th Edition, Brooks/Cole,

3. Thomson Learning, Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd., Singapore. 4. S.P. Sukhatme (2005), A Textbook on Heat Transfer, 4th Edition, Universities Press

(India) Pvt. Ltd. 5. P.N. Modi and S.M.Seth (1999), Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics including Hydraulic

Machines, Standard Book House, Naisarak, New Delhi. 6. R.K. Bansal (2000), Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines, Laxmi Publication (P)

Ltd., New Delhi. Mode of Evaluation : Assignments / Seminars / Written examination

MEE632 MEASUREMENTS AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS L T P C

3 0 0 3 Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and chemistry Objectives 1. To introduce a variety of sensors and instruments commonly used in energy and

environmental engineering practice 2. To instill a fundamental understanding of various instrumentation and control detection

circuits related to temperature, pressure, flow and level monitoring of various processes. 3. To learn professional measurement techniques used to engineer thermal and mechanical

systems 4. To identify, formulate and solve problems related to measurements and instrumentation. Outcome At the end of the course, the student will be able to 1. understand the fundamental elements of instrumentation, measurement and control

systems 2. identify the application of advanced measuring systems in various energy and

environmental related practices. Contents • Planning and Measurement • Measurement of Thermophysical Properties • Data Acquisition and Processing • Advanced Instrumentation • Basic Process Control System Unit – I Instrumentation – Selection of measuring instruments - Measurement of speed, force, torque, power, power factor and intensity of light. Unit – II Measurement of temperature, pressures, fluid flow, humidity, specific heat, thermal conductivity and heat flow measurement. Unit – III General data acquisition system examples, storage, processing - Recording and display devices. Unit – IV Introduction and application of advanced devices: -Nuclear magnetic resonance, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, chromatograph. Unit – V

Introduction to control systems - Types of control systems - Open loop and closed loop systems - Elements of process control systems - Simple model of process control system. Text Books 1. T.G. Beckwith and N.L. Buck (2002), Mechanical Measurements, Addison Wesley. Reference Books 1. Eckman (1986), Automatic Process Control, Wiley Eastern Limited. 2. Barry E. Jones (1988), Instrumentation Measurement and Feedback, Tata McGraw-Hill

Book Co. 3. J.P. Holman (1998), Experimental Methods for Engineers, McGraw-Hill Book Co. 4. Ernest O Doeblin (2002), Measurement Systems, Application and Design, McGraw-Hill

Book Co. Mode of Evaluation Assignments / Seminars / Written examination

MEE544 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING L T P C

3 0 0 3 Course Prerequisites : Should have done a basic course in Power Plant Engineering.

1) To teach students about the working of various power generation units and steam cycles. 2) To make students understand in detail about nuclear, gas turbine, hydro and diesel power plants that play an important role in power generation. 3) To introduce students to various simulation techniques and expose them to instrumentation and control.

Outcomes • Students will be able to understand basic power generation types and steam cycles. • Students will be able to assess the performance of all the components of a power plant

and thus aim for the efficiency improvements. • Students will be able to solve problems related to gas turbine cycles. • Students will demonstrate the ability to distinguish between various power generation

units and choose the one that meets desired economic, environmental and social needs. • Students will be able to use simulation packages. • Students apply the knowledge of control systems in various applications. Introduction: Power plants - Features, Componets and layouts - Working principle of steam, hydro, nuclear, gas turbine and diesel power plants - Selection of site Steam and Gas turbines: Introduction. - Analysis of steam cycles - Rankine cycle - Reheating and regenerative cycles Heat cycles of gas turbine engines. Steam and gas turbine components. Energy conversion in a turbine stage. Geometrical and gas dynamic characteristics of turbine cascades. Turbine cascades and losses in turbine stage efficiency. Multi-stage turbines, radial turbines, partial admission turbines. Governing of steam and gas turbines. Simulation of Power plant thermal systems Types of simulation. Modeling of typical power plant equipment. Steady state simulation. Dynamic response of thermal systems. Instrumentation and Automatic control Automatic control-Pressure, flow and liquid level measurement in power plant-Boiler feed water control-Super heater temperature control-Steam pressure reducing and desuperheating devices. Text books:

1.M.M.El-Wakil, Power plant Technology, McGraw Hill, 2001 2.E.E.Khalil, Power plant Design, Abacus Press, 2000 3.Raven, Automatic control engineering, McGraw Hill, 2001 4.S.M.Yahya, Turbines, Compressors and Fans, McGraw Hill, 2002 Mode of Evaluation : Assignments, Seminars, Written Examination