School of Social and Political ScienceDepartment of Politics and International RelationsUniversity of Edinburgh

Politics of the Middle East(PLIT 10036)

Semester 12015-2016

Course Convenor:

Dr Jamie Allinson Office Hours: Wednesday9-11am, Chrystal Macmillan Building 2.01Email j.allinson@ed.ac.uk

Course Administrator:

Mr Edwin Cruden Room: Chrystal Macmillan BuildingUndergraduate Teaching OfficeEmail: edwin.cruden@ed.ac.uk

I. Introduction

The aim of this course is to provide an introduction to the politics of the Middle East (ME). This will include an analysis of the emergence and nature of the state in the ME; the prevalence of authoritarianism; the salience of Arab nationalism and Islamism; the roots of the Arab-Israeli conflict; and an analysis of the latest Arab uprisings.

Divided into three parts, the course will start with an historical background of the ME and an introduction of the main theoretical approaches to understanding ME politics. The second part will examine several case-studies in light of Modernisation, Nationalist, Rentier State, Revolution, and Consociational Democracy theories. The third part will consider three themes: the Arab-Israeli Conflict, and the causes and consequences of the latest Arab uprising, and the role of Islamism in the wake of the uprisings

II. Learning Outcomes

By the end of the course students should: (a) gain a substantive and theoretically informed understanding of ME politics; (b) acquire an understanding of theories pertaining to the region’s domestic political processes and institutions and their application to several ME countries; and (3) develop a comparative and critical knowledge of ME states and politics.

III. Teaching Methods

Teaching format:This course will involve 2 hours of teaching per week: a 1-hour lecture and a 1-hour tutorial seminar. In sum, the course will include 10 lectures divided in 10 weeks and 9 tutorial sessions (starting week 2). In week 11 we will hold an exam revision lecture, but no tutorial.

Students will need to sign-up for the tutorials through Learn.

Dates and Locations of Lectures and Tutorials

LecturesTuesday 14.10-15.00 Appleton Tower Lecture Theatre 3

Tutorials

Group 1: 9.00-9.50 Medical School, G.202B, Seminar Room 2 Doorway 3Group 2: 12.10.13.00 Medical School, G.15 Seminar Room Doorway 4Group 3: 13.10-14.00 Medical School, G.10 Seminar Room Doorway 4Group 4: 13.10-14.00 Medical School, G.13 Seminar Room Doorway 4

IV. Assessment and Student Engagement

Students are encouraged to come prepared to both lectures and tutorials. Preparation involves reading ALL of the core readings and at least 2 or 3 of the recommended ones. Tutorials are meant to provide

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students with the opportunity to discuss theories, concepts, and themes with their peers. For tutorials to succeed, students will have to come prepared to class.

This course will be assessed by a:1. Article review: 10% 2. 2000-word Essay: 40 %3. 2- hour Final Exam: 50%

Article review:

Write an 800 word review of one of the articles below. Your review should contain a brief overview of the article, summary of its main argument and an analysis of its strengths and weaknesses. It is not just your opinion on the article – you have to read other academic sources in order to criticize it. The weekly reading list is a good place to start. Check where similar ideas to the article appear in the weekly topics and look for other articles that cover the same topic from the corresponding essential and further reading.

Choose one article to review from the below.

Timothy Mitchell, The Middle East in the Past and Future of Social Science http://escholarship.org/uc/item/3618c31x

Fawaz A. Gerges, The Study of the Middle East International Relations: A Critique, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 18. No. 2 (1991), pp. 208-220

Dean C. Tipps, “Modernization Theory and the Comparative Study of Societies: A Critical Perspective”, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 15, No.2 (March 1973), pp. 196-226

Mahmoud Haddad. 1994. The Rise of Arab Nationalism Reconsidered. International Journal of Middle East Studies 26(2): 201-222

Hertog, Steffen, The Sociology of the Gulf Rentier Systems: Societies of Intermediaries, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 52 (2), 2010.

A. Shlaim, “The Debate about 1948,” International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol.27, No.3 (1995), pp.287-304.

Olivier Roy, “The Transformation of the Arab World,” Journal of Democracy 23, no. 3 (2012): 5–18

In the article review you should show:

- comprehension of the chosen article-- capacity to critically analyse the perspective advanced in the chosen article

- ability to identify and engage with a counter-perspective to that advanced in the chosen article.

- adherence to the conventions of academic writing (references, bibliography)

The deadline for the article review is Friday the 16th of October 12:00 Noon

Essay:

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The essay constitutes 40% of the course’s overall grade. Students are advised to start thinking about an essay topic as early in the semester as possible. Students are encouraged to discuss their essay topics and outlines with their tutors.

Essay Deadline: ESSAY DEADLINE, Friday the 13th of November 12:00 noon.

Essay format:1. The Essay should be double-spaced throughout2. The first page should include a title, date, and word count3. The essay should be 2000 words, excluding notes and bibliography

ELMA: Submission and return of courseworkCoursework is submitted online using our electronic submission system, ELMA. You will not be required to submit a paper copy of your work.Marked coursework, grades and feedback will be returned to you via ELMA. You will not receive a paper copy of your marked course work or feedback.For information, help and advice on submitting coursework and accessing feedback, please see the ELMA wiki at https://www.wiki.ed.ac.uk/display/SPSITWiki/ELMA Further detailed guidance on the essay deadline and a link to the wiki and submission page will be available on the course Learn page. The wiki is the primary source of information on how to submit your work correctly and provides advice on approved file formats, uploading cover sheets and how to name your files correctly. When you submit your work electronically, you will be asked to tick a box confirming that your work complies with university regulations on plagiarism.  This confirms that the work you have submitted is your own.Occasionally, there can be technical problems with a submission.  We request that you monitor your university student email account in the 24 hours following the deadline for submitting your work.  If there are any problems with your submission the course secretary will email you at this stage.We undertake to return all coursework within 15 working days of submission. This time is needed for marking, moderation, second marking and input of results. If there are any unanticipated delays, it is the course organiser’s responsibility to inform you of the reasons.All our coursework is assessed anonymously to ensure fairness: to facilitate this process put your Examination number (on your student card), not your name or student number, on your coursework or cover sheet.

Essay Assessment criteria:The following are the criteria through which the Essay will be marked. However, it is important to note that the overall mark is a result of a holistic assessment of the assignment as a whole: A. Does the essay address the question set, and with sufficient focus?b. Does the assignment show a grasp of the relevant concepts and theories?c. Does the essay engage with the literature on the topicd. Does the assignment demonstrate a logical and effective pattern of argument?e. Does the assignment support arguments with relevant, accurate and effective

forms of evidence?f. Does the assignment demonstrate reflexivity and critical thinking in relation to

arguments and evidence?g. Is the assignment adequately presented in terms of: correct referencing and

quoting; spelling, grammar and style; layout and visual presentation?

Essay Questions:1. Is Political Culture or Political Economy a more useful framework to analyse the Middle

East?

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2. ‘The most important point in the recent history of the Middle East is the transition from populist to post-populist authoritarianism’. Critically discuss this statement and say whether you agree or disagree.

3. Why has Lebanon not seen a political uprising? Explain by using the various theories encountered in this course.

4. Is there more continuity, or change, between the AKP and the Kemalist project in Turkey?5. Are theories of revolution useful to explain revolutions in the Middle East? Answer with

reference to the Iranian revolution of 1979 and one other case.6. Which model better explains the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: ethno-nationalist conflict or

settler colonialism?7. Is the theory of the rentier state sufficient to explain the politics of Gulf States? Pick a case

from Kuwait, Saudi Arabia or the UAE.8. What are the reasons for the rise of political Islam in the Middle East since the 1970s?9. 'The US-led invasion and occupation of Iraq did not end Iraqi authoritarianism but merely

transformed it.’ Critically discuss this statement and say whether you agree or disagree10. What accounts for the different outcomes of the Syrian and Egyptian uprisings?

Word Count Penalties:Your essay should be 2000 words, and your article review 800 words (excluding notes and bibliography). Work longer than the word limit will be penalised using the Ordinary level criterion of 1 mark for every 20 words over length: anything between 21 and 20 words over will lose one mark, between 20 and 40 words over will lose 2 marks, and so on.  You will not be penalised for submitting work below the word limit. However, you should note that shorter essays are unlikely to achieve the required depth and that this will be reflected in your mark.

The Operation of Lateness Penalties:Unlike in Years 1 and 2, NO EXTENSIONS ARE GRANTED WITH RESPECT TO THE SUBMISSION DEADLINES FOR ANY ASSESSED WORK At HONOURS LEVEL. Managing deadlines is a basic life-skill that you are expected to have acquired by the time you reach Honours. Timely submission of all assessed items (coursework, essays, project reports, etc.) is a vitally important responsibility at this stage in your university career. Unexcused lateness can put at risk your prospects of proceeding to Senior Honours and can damage your final degree grade. If you miss the submission deadline for any piece of assessed work 5 marks will be deducted for each calendar day that work is late, up to a maximum of five calendar days (25 marks). Thereafter, a mark of zero will be recorded. There is no grace period for lateness and penalties begin to apply immediately following the deadline. For example, if the deadline is Tuesday at 12 noon, work submitted on Tuesday at 12.01pm will be marked as one day late, work submitted at 12.01pm on Wednesday will be marked as two days late, and so on.Failure to submit an item of assessed work will result in a mark of zero, with potentially very serious consequences for your overall degree class, or no degree at all. It is therefore always in your interest to submit work, even if very late.Please be aware that all work submitted is returned to students with a provisional mark and without applicable penalties in the first instance. The mark you receive on ELMA is therefore

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subject to change following the consideration of the Lateness Penalty Waiver Panel (please see below for further information) and the Board of Examiners.

How to Submit a Lateness Penalty Waiver Form:

If there are extenuating circumstances beyond your control which make it essential for you to submit work after the deadline you must fill in a ‘Lateness Penalty Waiver’ (LPW) form to state the reason for your lateness. This is a request for any applicable penalties to be removed and will be considered by the Lateness Penalty Waiver Panel. Before submitting an LPW, please consider carefully whether your circumstances are (or were) significant enough to justify the lateness. Such circumstances should be serious and exceptional (e.g. not a common cold or a heavy workload). Computer failures are not regarded as justifiable reason for late submission. You are expected to regularly back-up your work and allow sufficient time for uploading it to ELMA. You should submit the LPW form and supply an expected date of submission as soon as you are able to do so, and preferably before the deadline. Depending on the circumstances, supporting documentation may be required, so please be prepared to provide this where possible.LPW forms can be found in a folder outside your SSO’s office, on online at:http://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/undergrad/on_course_students/assessment_and_regulations/coursework_requirements/coursework_requirements_honours Forms should be returned by email or, if possible, in person to your SSO. They will sign the form to indicate receipt and will be able to advise you if you would like further guidance or support.

Subject Area Name of SSO Email Phone Office

Politics Ruth Winkle ruth.winkle@ed.ac.uk 0131 650 4253

Room 1.11, Chrystal MacMillan Building

International Relations

Rebecca Shade rebecca.shade@ed.ac.uk 0131 651

3896

Room 1.10, Chrystal MacMillan Building

Social Anthropology

Vanessa Feldberg vanessa.feldberg@ed.ac.uk 0131 650

3933

Room 1.04, Chrystal MacMillan Building

Social Policy Louise Angus L.Angus@ed.ac.uk 0131 650

3923

Room 1.08, Chrystal MacMillan Building

Social Work Jane Marshall jane.marshall@ed.ac.uk 0131 650

3912

Room 1.07, Chrystal MacMillan Building

Sociology Karen Dargo Karen.Dargo@ed.ac.uk 0131 651 1306

Room 1.03, Chrystal MacMillan Building

Sustainable Development

Sue Renton sue.renton@ed.ac.uk 0131 650 6958

Room 1.09, Chrystal MacMillan

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Building

Please Note: Signing the LPW form by either your SSO or Personal Tutor only indicates acknowledgment of the request, not the waiving of lateness penalties. Final decisions on all marks rest with Examination Boards. There is a dedicated SSO for students in each subject area in SPS. To find out who your SSO is, and how to contact them, please find your home subject area on the table below:If you are a student from another School, you should submit your LPW to the SSO for the subject area of the course

Plagiarism Guidance for Students:Avoiding Plagiarism:Material you submit for assessment, such as your essays, must be your own work. You can, and should, draw upon published work, ideas from lectures and class discussions, and (if appropriate) even upon discussions with other students, but you must always make clear that you are doing so. Passing off anyone else’s work (including another student’s work or material from the Web or a published author) as your own is plagiarism and will be punished severely. When you upload your work to ELMA you will be asked to check a box to confirm the work is your own. ELMA automatically runs all submissions through ‘Turnitin’, our plagiarism detection software, and compares every essay against a constantly-updated database, which highlights all plagiarised work. Assessed work that contains plagiarised material will be awarded a mark of zero, and serious cases of plagiarism will also be reported to the College Academic Misconduct officer. In either case, the actions taken will be noted permanently on the student's record. For further details on plagiarism see the Academic Services’ website:http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/academic-services/students/undergraduate/discipline/plagiarism

Return of Feedback:Feedback for coursework will be returned online via ELMA on the 4th of December 2015.

Exam: The final exam is 2 hours long. It forms 50% of the overall grade of the course. In Week 11 we will hold a revision session to discuss preparation for the exam. Students are encouraged to attend this very important session. The session will take place during the normal lecture time (on Thursday Week 11). A generalised feedback will be available for students after the exams are marked.

Procedure for Viewing Marked Exam Scripts:If you would like to see your exam script after the final marks have been published then you should contact the course secretary by email to arrange a time to do this. Please note that there will be no feedback comments written on the scripts, but you may find it useful to look at what you wrote, and see the marks achieved for each individual question. You will not be permitted to keep the exam script but you are welcome to take it away to read over or make photocopies. If you wish to do this please bring a form of ID that can be left at the office until you return the script. Please note that scripts cannot be taken away overnight.

V. Other Information

Please see the ‘Honours Handbook’ for further information on submission of coursework; Late Penalty Waivers; plagiarism; learning disabilities, special circumstances; common marking descriptors, re-marking procedures and appeals.

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Learn and EmailThe Learn Virtual Learning Environment application will be used throughout the course. Students are advised to check the course page on Learn on regular basis for announcements, tutors office hours, lecture or tutorial cancellation.

Students with Learning Difficulties Advice, guidance and a range of support materials is available to students with learning difficulties from the Disability Office: http://www.disability-office.ed.ac.uk/Tel.: 0131 650 6828

Further Information Further information on assessment and teaching matters can be found in the Politics Honours Handbook and the International Relations Handbook

VI. Course Readings and Sources

**** Where possible recommended readings will be supplied through Learn

Key Texts: David Long and Bernard Reich, Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa

(AVAILABLE ONLINE—University Library) Albert Hourani, Philip S. Khoury & Mary C. Wilson, eds., The Modern Middle East: A Reader Roger Owen, State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East. 2000 Nazih Ayubi, Over-stating the Arab State: Politics and Society in the Middle East. 1995

Other Recommended texts on the History, Politics and International Relations of the Middle East

HistoryAlbert Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples. 1991.Peter Mansfield, A History of the Middle EastDavid Fromkin A peace to end all peace: creating the modern Middle East, 1914-1922. 1991M.E Yapp, The Near East Since the First World War

International RelationsSaouli, Adham, The Arab State: Dilemmas of Late Formation, Routledge, 2012Louise Fawcett, International Relations of the Middle East, Oxford, 2005.Fred Halliday, The Middle East in International Relations: power, politics and ideology, Cambridge, 2005. Raymond Hinnebusch, International Politics of the Middle East, Manchester University Press, 2003.L. Carl Brown, International Relations of the Middle East: Old Rules, Dangerous Game. 1984 Tarek Y. Ismail, International Relations of the contemporary Middle East: a study in world politics. 1986

Foreign Policy

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Gerd Nonneman, Analyzing Middle East Foreign Politics. 2005Raymond Hinnebusch and Anoushiravan Ehteshami (eds.), The Foreign Policies of Middle East States. 2002 Shibley Telhami and Michael Barnett (eds.), Identity and Foreign Policy n the Middle East. 2002

Anthropology and sociologyDale F. Eickelman. 2002. The Middle East and Central Asia: an anthropological appraoch. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice HallLindholm, Charles. 1996. The Islamic Middle East: An Historical Anthropology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers

Main Middle East Politics Journals International Journal of the Middle EastMiddle East PolicyMiddle East ReportMiddle East StudiesMediterranean Politics Arab Studies QuarterlyJournal of Palestine Studies Middle East Review of International Affairs (Electronic Journal)Third World Quarterly

Electronic Sources:Middle East Documentation Center: http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/su/mideast/medoc.html Middle East Virtual Library: http://ssgdoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/ Centre for Arab Unity Studies: http://www.caus.org.lb/Home/publication_popup.php?ID=3743&Lang=en Arab Decision: http://www.arabdecision.org/index.php?lang_id=3Aljazeera English: http://english.aljazeera.net/ Al-Sharq al-Awsat (The Middle East Newspaper): http://www.asharq-e.com/ Al-Hayat Newspaper: http://english.daralhayat.com/ Jadaliyya http://www.jadaliyya.com/Status Hour (Jadaliyya podcast) http://www.statushour.com/

VII. Course Schedule

Historical Background and TheoryWk 1 Politics of the Middle East: An Introductory SessionWk 2 Theoretical Approaches: State and Society in the Middle East

Case-Studies Wk 3 Nationalism and the Quest for ‘Modernity’: Republican TurkeyWk 4 The Arab Nationalist Project: Nasserite Egypt Wk 5 Rentier State Theory and Arab Monarchies: The Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaWk 6 Revolution and Islam: Islamic Republic of IranWk 7 Sectarianism and Politics in Divided Societies: Lebanon and Iraq

ThemesWk 8 The Arab-Israeli Conflict: states and non-state actors

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Wk 9 The Arab Uprisings: Causes and ConsequencesWk 10 Islamism and the Arab Revolutions (Dr. Ewan Stein)

WK11 Exam Revision session

Wk 1 Politics of the Middle East: An introductory Session

This lecture will first introduce the course and the main themes the course will cover. Second, it will examine the ‘Middle East’ as an analytical concept, considering the origins of this usage, and whether it is valid to consider the region as one geopolitical area.

***No tutorials for this week.

Further ReadingsJames Bill and Robert Springborg, Politics in the Middle East, Chapter TwoRaymond Hinnebusch, International Politics of the Middle East, pp. 1-14Roger Owen, State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East, Chapter 1.Saouli, Adham, The Arab State: Dilemmas of Late Formation, Chapter TwoFred Halliday, The Middle East in International Relations: Power, Politics and Ideology, pp. 1-16 and Chapter Three Iliya Harik, “The Origins of the Arab State System” in The Arab State, edited by G. Luciani. Timothy Mitchell, The Middle East in the Past and Future of Social Science http://escholarship.org/uc/item/3618c31x S. Heydemann, Defending the Discipline, Journal of Democracy, 13. 3 (July 2002)Fawaz A. Gerges, The Study of the Middle East International Relations: A Critique, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 18. No. 2 (1991), pp. 208-220Nikki R. Keddie, Is there a Middle East?, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 4 (1973)Barry Buzan, Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security, pp. 6-37

Wk 2 Theoretical Approaches: State and Society in the Middle East

This lecture examines several approaches in the field of Middle East politics. It will start by an analysis of Orientalism and its critics. It will then move on to examine the Political Culture, Political Economy, and Historical Sociology approaches discussing their strengths and weaknesses.

Tutorial Questions: 1. Which approach do you think provides the best analytical framework for the study of the region? 2. Is the ‘state’ in the Middle East significantly different to that in Europe or North America?

Core Readings: Nazih N. Ayubi, Over-stating the Arab State, Chapter Five (Online resource) Simon Bromley, Rethinking Middle East Politics, Chapter One Fred Halliday, Orientalism and its Critics, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 1993;

also in Islam: The Myth of Confrontation, Chapter Seven Adham Saouli, The Arab State, Chapter 1

Recommended Readings:Zachary Lockman, Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism (Cambridge University Press, 2009)

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Abbas Kelidar, States without foundations: The Political Evolution of State and Society in the Arab East. Journal of Contemporary History 28 (2):315-339.Bernard Lewis, The Political Language of Islam Edward W. Said, OrientalismKedourie, Elie, Politics in the Middle EastHisham, Sharabi, Neopatriarchy : a theory of distorted change in Arab societyAyubi, Over-stating the Arab State, pp. 24-38Batatu, Hanna. 1978. The old social classes and the revolutionary movements of Iraq : a study of Iraq's old landed and commercial classes and of its Communists, Ba’athists, and Free Officers.Beblawi, Hazem, and Giacomo Luciani. The Rentier state, Nation, state and integration in the Arab

world ; v.2. Luciani, Giacomo. 1990. Allocation vs Production States: A Theoretical Framework. In The Arab

State, edited by G. Luciani. London: Routledge.Alan Richards and John Waterbury, A political economy of the Middle East. Chp. 2.Anderson, Lisa, The state and social transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980Raymond A. Hinnebusch Peasant and bureaucracy in Baathist Syria : the political economy of rural developmentSadowski, Y “The New Orientalism and the Democracy Debate,” Middle East Report no 183 (July/August 1993).Saouli, A, The Arab State: Dilemmas of Late formation, chapters 1, 2, 3Michael C. Hudson, “The Political Culture Approach to Arab Democratization: The Case for Bringing It Back In, Carefully” in Brynen/Korany et al Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World (Vol. 1)Lisa Anderson, “Democracy in the Arab World: A Critique of the Political Culture Approach” in Brynen/Korany et al Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World (Vol. 1)Evans, Peter June, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol. 1985. Bringing the state back in. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wk 3 Modernisation and Nationalism: Republican Turkey

This lecture examines Modernisation theory, dominant in the 1950’s and 1960s, and considers the case of Turkey as a proto-type ME state that aimed to modernise its society and politics. The lecture probes into Turkey’s political system and the role of religious identity, army and ideology in Turkish political development.

Tutorial Questions: 1. Is the concept of ‘modernisation’ a valid one? 2. Does the rise of the AKP in Turkey represent a break from, or a continuation of, the Kemalist project?Core Readings:

Dean C. Tipps, “Modernization Theory and the Comparative Study of Societies: A Critical Perspective”, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 15, No.2 (March 1973), pp. 196-226

Henri J. Barkey and Omer Taspinar, ‘Republic of Turkey’ in David E. Long, B. Reich and M. Gasiorowski, The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa [Library ELECTRONIC VERSION]

Hakan Yavuz, Islamic Political Identity in Turkey (Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 15-59 R. Quinn Mecham From the Ashes of Virtue, a Promise of Light: The Transformation of

Political Islam in Turkey, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 2 (2004), pp. 339-358

Recommended Readings:

James Bill and Robert Springborg, Politics in the Middle East, pp. 181-193 (On Attaturk)David Apter, The Politics of Modernization Samuel Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies

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M. Hakan Yavuz  Islamic Political Identity in Turkey (Religion and Global PoliticsÜmit Cizre  Secular and Islamic Politics in Turkey: The Making of the Justice and Development Party Barry Rubin and Ali Çarkoglu , Religion and Politics in TurkeyJung D, Dietrich Jung, and Catharina Raudvere, Religion, Politics, and Turkey's EU Accession (Governance, Security and Development) William Hale and Ergun Ozbudun Islamism, Democracy and Liberalism in Turkey (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Politics)Feroz Ahmad, The making of modern Turkey, London: Routledge, 1993-------------, Turkey: The Quest for Identity Oxford, Eng. : Oneworld, c2003Nicole Pope and Hugh Pope, Turkey Unveiled: A history of Modern Turkey, Woodstock, N.Y. : Overlook Press, 2004Roger Owen, State, Power, and Politics, pp. 125-130, 246-50Sina Aksin, Turkey from empire to revolutionary republicGunes Murat Tezcur, ‘The AKP Years in Turkey: the third stage’, http://www.opendemocracy.net/gunes-murat-tezcur/akp-years-in-turkey-third-stage

FilmEcumenopolis: City without Limits (2012) is a Turkish film documenting the transformation of Istanbul under the AKP.

Wk 4 Modernisation and Arab Nationalism: Nasserite Egypt

This lecture examines Arab Nationalism and the attempts of modernisation during the Nasserite regime in Egypt. It will consider the role of nationalism and the army in the making of the populist regime in Egypt. It will then look at the ‘post-populist’ developments during the Sadat and Mubarak periods.

Tutorial Questions: 1. Why did Nasserism prove so popular in Egypt and the wider Arab world? 2. Is Arab Nationalism dead?

Core Readings: --Marius Deeb “Arab Republic of Egypt”, in David E. Long, B. Reich and M. Gasiorowski,

The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa [Library ELECTRONIC VERSION]

Mahmoud Haddad. 1994. The Rise of Arab Nationalism Reconsidered. International Journal of Middle East Studies 26(2): 201-222

Fouad Ajami, ‘The End of Pan-Arabism’, Foreign Affairs, 57:2 (1978-9).

Recommended Readings:Nazih Ayubi, Over-stating the Arab State, Chapters 4 and 6Jammal Abdel Nasser, The Philosophy of the RevolutionBeattie, Kirk J. 1994. Egypt during the Nasser years: ideology, politics, and civil society.Gordon, J, Nasser’s Blessed Movement. Waterbury, J, The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat: the Political Economy of two Regimes Vatikitotis, PJ, Nasser & His Generation.———. “State and Class in Egypt: A Review Essay” in Bosworth, CE et al eds The Islamic World: From Classical to Modern Times.———. “Some Political Consequences of the 1952 Revolution in Egypt” in Holt, PM ed Political and Social Change in Modern Egypt. Raymond Hinnebusch, Egyptian Politics Under Sadat: The Post-populist development of an authoritarian-modernizing State (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1985)Nazih Ayubi, The State and Public Policies in Egypt since Sadat (Ithaca, 1991)Eberherd Kienle, A Grand Delusion: Democracy and Economic Reform in EgyptAjami, F, The Arab Predicament. (Cambridge University Press, 1982)Barnett, M, Dialogues in Arab Politics (Columbia University Press, 1998)

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Mehran Kamrava, 'The Age of Nationalism', in The Modern Middle East: A Political History since the First World War (California University Press, 2005).

Doran, M, Pan-Arabism Before Nasser: Egyptian Power Politics and the Palestine Question.Gerges, F, The Superpowers and the Middle East, 1955-1967.Kerr, M, The Arab Cold War: Gamal Abd al-Nasir and his Rivals, 1958-1970 (3rd edition).

Wk 5 Rentier State Theory and Arab Monarchies: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

This lecture will first explore Rentier State Theory and its applicability to political regimes in the Middle East, especially oil-rich monarchies. It will then examine the process of state formation in Saudi Arabia, considering the nature of the Saudi state and the role of oil in reinforcing Saudi power.

Tutorial Questions: 1. Is the rentier state theory convincing for the Gulf States? 2. Is the Saudi regime more, or less vulnerable, because of its dependence on oil?

Core Readings: Sebastian Maisal, “Kingdom of Saudi Arabia”, in David E. Long, B. Reich and M.

Gasiorowski, The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa [Library ELECTRONIC VERSION]

Hertog, Steffen, The Sociology of the Gulf Rentier Systems: Societies of Intermediaries, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 52 (2), 2010.

Mathew Gray, A Theory of Late Rentierism in the Arab State of the Gulf, http://isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?ots591=0c54e3b3-1e9c-be1e-2c24-a6a8c7060233&lng=en&id=134326

Recommended Readings:Saouli, Adham, The Arab State: Dilemmas of late formation, Chapter 4Shambayati, Hootan. 1994. The Rentier State, Interest Groups, and the Paradox of Auton- omy: State and Business in Turkey and Iran. Comparative Politics 26, 3: 307–31Schwarz, Rolf, The Political Economy of state-formation in the Arab Middle East: rentier states, economic reform, and democratization, Review of International Political Economy 15:4 October 2008.Hazem el Beblawi, “The Rentier State” in The Arab State edited by G. Luciani. London:Routledge.Paul Aarts and Gerd Nonneman. Saudi Arabia in the balance : political economy, society,foreign affairs. London: Hurst & Company, 2005.Steinberg, Guido Steinberg , “The Wahhabi Ulama and the Saudi State:1745 to the Present”, in Saudi Arabia in the Balance: Political Economy, Society, Foreign Affairs Niblock, Timothy Saudi Arabia : power, legitimacy and survival, The contemporary Middle East. London: Routledge. 2006.Joseph Kostiner. The making of Saudi Arabia, 1916-1936 : from chieftaincy to monarchical state. New York ; Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1993Brian Lees, 2006. The Al Saud Family and the Future of Saudi Arabia. Asian Affairs XXXVII (1):40-51Glosemeyer, Iris. 2004. Saudi Arabia: Dynamism Uncovered. In Arab Elites: Negotiating thePolitics of Change, edited by V. Perthes. Boulder: Co: Lynne Rienner.F. Gregory Gause The Persistence of Monarchy in the Arabian Peninsula: A ComparativeAnalysis In Middle East Monarchies: The Challenge of Modernity edited by J. Kostiner.Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.,Davis, Eric. “Theorizing Statecraft and Social Change in Arab oil-producing countries” In Statecraft in

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the Middle East, edited by E. D. a. N. Gavrielides. Miami: Florida International University Press. 1991. (This book contains several case studies from the oil-rich gulf)Kiren Aziz Chaudhry. The price of wealth : economies and institutions in the Middle East. Ithaca, N.Y.; London: Cornell University,1997. (A comparative study on oil remittance in Saudi Arabia and Yemen) Daryl Champion 2003. The paradoxical kingdom : Saudi Arabia and the momentum of reform.

London: C. Hurst.

Wk 6 Revolution and Islam: Islamic Republic of Iran

This lecture examines the roots and processes of revolutions. It will then examine the case-study of Iran in two ways: first, it will analyse the underlying forces that led to the Islamic revolution in Iran; and second, it will look at the Islamic regime that eventually came to power.

Tutorial Questions: 1. Why did the ‘Iranian revolution’ become the ‘Islamic revolution’? 2. Should Iran be considered a less undemocratic state than its Gulf neighbours?

Core Readings:--Goldstone, Jack (2009) 'Rethinking Revolutions: Integrating Origins, Processes, and Outcomes', Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East Volume 29, Number 1, 2009: 18-32-- Mark Gasiorowski, “Islamic Republic of Iran”, in David E. Long, B. Reich and M. Gasiorowski, The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa [Library ELECTRONIC VERSION]Keddie N., 1983, “Iranian Revolution in Comparative Perspective”, The American Historical Review, 88, 3 : 579-598--Ervand Abrahamian, Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic, Chapter 1--Asef Bayat, 1998, Revolution without Movement, Movement without Revolution: Comparing Islamic Activism in Iran and Egypt, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 40(1): 136-169

Recommended Readings:

Arjomand, SA. 1988. Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran. Oxford University Press. Chapters 5-7. Cleveland, WL. 2004. A History of the Modern Middle East. Westview Press. Chapter 20.Keddie, N. 1981. Roots of Revolution: An Interpretive History of Modern Iran. Yale University Press. Chapters 8 & 9 Owen, R. 1992. State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Middle East. Routledge. Chapter 9.Yapp, M. 1996. The Near East since the First World War. Longmand. Chapter 13.Abrahamian, E. 1982. Iran Between Two Revolutions: Iran and the Islamic Revolution.Princeton University PressBakhash, S. 1990. The Reign of the Ayatollahs. Basic booksGasiorowski, MJ. 1991. US Foreign Policy and the Shah: Building a Client State in Iran. Cornell University PressGreen, JD “Countermobilization as a Revolutionary Form,” Comparative Politics, 16:2 (January 1984).Halliday, F “The Iranian Revolution” in Halliday, F & Alavi, F State and Ideology in the Middle East and Pakistan.———. 1978. Iran: Dictatorship and Development. Penguin.Mottahadeh, R. 1985. The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran. Simon and ShusterZubaida, S. 2009. Islam, the People and the State. I.B. Tauris. Chapters 2 & 3.Misagh Parsa, “Theories of Collective Actions and the Iranian Revolution,” Sociological Forum 3 (1988): 44–71Misagh Parsa, States, Ideologies, and Social Revolution: A comparative analysis of Iran, Nicaragua, and the Philippine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000

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Arang Keshavarzian, Bazaar and State in Iran, The politics of the Tehran Marketplace, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007Katouzian, Homa. 2012 (2003). Iranian history and politics: the dialectic of state and society. Routledge.

Wk 7 Sectarianism and Politics in Divided Societies: Lebanon and Iraq

This lecture first examines attempts at governance in divided societies of the Middle East. It will consider the cases of Lebanon and Iraq asking: why have divisions in Lebanon generated a different political system from that of Iraq? It will finally raise the question on whether the post-Occupation Iraqi system converges with that of Lebanon.

Tutorial Questions: 1. ‘Consociationalism is a false solution to the problem of sectarianism.’ Discuss 2. How are the political systems of Lebanon and post-occupation Iraq different and how are they similar?

Core Readings:--J.G. Jabbra and N.W. Jabbra. “Consociational Democracy in Lebanon: A Flawed System of Governance,” Journal of Developing Societies, Vol.17, No. 2 (2001), pp.71-90.– William Harris, “Republic of Lebanon”, in David E. Long, B. Reich and M. Gasiorowski, The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa [Library ELECTRONIC VERSION]--Judith S. Yaphe, “Republic of Iraq”, in David E. Long, B. Reich and M. Gasiorowski, The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa [Library ELECTRONIC VERSION]--Adham Saouli ‘Stability Under Late State Formation: The Case of Lebanon’, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Vol.19 No.4 (December, 2006) pp.701-717

Recommended Readings:

IRAQSaouli, Adham (2012), The Arab State: dilemmas of late formation, Chapter 5Reilly, Benjamin (2006), Political Engineering and Party Politics in Conflict-Prone societies', Democratization, vol.13 (December 2006), 5, 811-827Charles Tripp. 2007. A history of Iraq. 3rd ed. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressDodge, T Inventing Iraq: The Failure of Nation-Building and a History Denied Owen, R State, Power and Politics. Chapter 2.Sluglett, MF & P, Iraq Since 1958: From Revolution to Dictatorship (3rd edition). Tripp, C History of Iraq Introduction; Chapter 6; Conclusion. Kienle, E Ba’th versus Ba’th: The Conflict Between Syria and Iraq Makiya, K Republic of Fear: the Politics of Modern Iraq (1998 edition).(earlier editions under pseudonym, al-Khalil) Nakash, Y “The Shi‘ites and the Future of Iraq,” Foreign Affairs, 82:4 (July/August 2003).ICG See International Crisis Web-site www.crisisgroup.org______‘Unmaking Iraq: A Constitutional process gone Awry’Rathmell, A. 2005. ‘Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Iraq’ International Affairs 81:5

LEBANONF. El Khazen, The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967-1976, (London: 2000), pp. 3-49, 99-128, 385-398.Fawwaz Trabulsi, “The Role of War in State and Society Transformation. The Lebanese Case,” Paper Presented at the Workshop “War As a Source of State and Society Transformation in the Middle East,” Social Science Research Council, Paris, 2-4 November 1994. Text online- A history of Modern Lebanon (Pluto 2007)

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R. Brynen, “PLO Policy in Lebanon: Legacies and Lessons,” Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 18, No. (1989), pp. 48-70.A. Yaniv and R. Lieber, “Personal Whim or Strategic Imperative? The Israeli Invasion of Lebanon,” International Security, Vol. 8, No. 2 (1983), pp. 117-142.J.V. Marshall, The Lebanese Connection. Corruption, Civil War, and the International Drug Traffic, (Stanford: 2012), pp. 1-13, 75-112, 163-173. (KCL ebook)Kamal S. Salibi, A house of many mansions : the history of Lebanon reconsideredMakdisi, Usama The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History and Violence in Nineteenth Century Ottoman Lebanon (UC Press, 2000)Picard, E Lebanon: A Shattered Country, (Revised Edition. Holmes & Meier) pp. 49-153 (Chapters 5-11). Rabinovich, I The War for Lebanon, 1970-83 ch 1-2Wenger, M et al, “Lebanon’s Fifteen-Year War 1975-1990,” Middle East Report, No 162 (January-February 1990).Yapp, M E The Near East since WWI Chapters 3 & 10.Barak, O “Intra-Communal and Inter-Communal Dimensions of Conflict and Peace in Lebanon,” International Journal of Middle East Studies, 34:4 (November 2002). [Links to the issue TOC]Hudson, M: “Trying Again: Power-Sharing in Post-Civil War Lebanon,” International Negotiation, 2:1, (1997): 103-22.Khalaf, S Civil and Uncivil Violence in Lebanon: A History of Internationalization of Communal Conflict pp. 15-22Picard, E: Lebanon: a Shattered Country. Chapter 13 and epilogueSalem, Paul “The future of Lebanon,” Foreign Affairs (Nov/Dec 2006).

Film

Incendies (2011) Fictional movie dealing with themes of exile, violence and brutality from the Lebanese civil war.The Massacre (2012) Documentary about the 1982 Sabra-Shatila massacre – can be very disturbing at points.Waltz with Bashir (2008) Autobiographical animated film about an Israeli soldier’s memories of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, culminating in the Sabra and Shatila massacre – also contains distressing imagery.

Wk 8 Palestine/Israel and the Arab-Israeli Conflict

The aims of this lecture are to provide an introduction of the roots of the Arab-Israeli conflict and the reasons for its continuity in its two aspects: as a conflict between Israel and neighbouring states, and the Palestinian struggle for a state. It will first explore the origins of Zionist ideology and the birth of the Israeli state. Then it will examine Arab resistance in the form of inter-state Arab-Israeli wars, the rise of internal Palestinian organisations, and the emergence and decline of the ‘peace process’.

Tutorial Questions: This week will feature a roleplay. The setting is the end of the British mandate in Palestine in 1947. Each group has to come up with its preferred solution. The groups arei) The UN commission charged with coming up with a political structure after the British withdrawalii) The leadership of the Yishuv (the Jewish community settled in Palestine)iii) The united command of the Arab statesiv) The local Palestinian leadership 2. If there is enough time, we will discuss the question ‘Why did the Olso accords fail?’

Core Readings: Joel Beinin and Layla Hajjar, “Palestine, Israel and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Primer”,

Middle East Report. Available at: http://www.merip.org/palestine-israel_primer/intro-pal-isr-primer.html

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Charles Smith, “The Arab-Israeli Conflict” in Louise Fawcett, International Relations of the Middle East

A. Shlaim, “The Debate about 1948,” International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol.27, No.3 (1995), pp.287-304.

R. Khalidi, “The Palestinians and 1948: The Underlying Cause of Failure,” in E. Rogan and A. Shlaim (eds), The War of Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948 (Cambridge: 2007), pp.12-36

Recommended Readings:E. Karsh, “Were the Palestinians Expelled?,” Commentary, Vol.110(1), 2000, pp. 29-34Herzl, Theodore. The Jewish State: an attempt to a Modern Solution for the Jewish QuestionBrown, LC. International Politics and the Middle East, Part 2———. Palestine: Retreat From the Mandate: The Making of British Policy, 1936-45. Louis, WR et al eds The End of the Palestine Mandate.Ovendale, R The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Wars. Chapters 2-7.———. Britain, the United States and the End of the Palestine Mandate. Segev, T. One Palestine, Complete : Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate. Lacquer, W. A History of Zionism. Nimmi, E ed. The Challenge of Post-Zionism. Yiftachel, O. “Israeli Society and Jewish-Palestinian Reconciliation,” Middle East Journal, 51:4 (Autumn 1997).Shlaim, A. War and Peace in the Middle East Chapter 1. Tessler, MA. A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Chapters 3 & 4Wasserstein, B The British in Palestine: the mandatory government and the Arab-Jewish Conflict Cohen, MJ. “The Zionist Perspective” in Louis, WR et al eds The End of the Palestine Mandate. Flapan, S. The Birth of Israel: Myths and RealitiesHuneidi S. A Broken Trust: Herbert Samuel, Zionism and the Palestinians, 1920-25Morris, B. Righteous Victims Chapter 1 & Conclusion.Pappé, I. Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-51. ———. The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947-1951. ______. The Israel/Palestine Question______. The Ethnic Cleansing of PalestineRogan, E et al eds. The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948. Chapters 1 & 4.Shlaim, A. The Politics of Partition: King Abdullah, the Zionists and Palestine, 1921-1951. ——. The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, Chapter 1. ——. “Britain and the Arab-Israeli War of 1948,” Journal of Palestine Studies, 16:4 (Summer 1987).Litvak, Meir,ed. Palestinian Collective Memory and National IdentitySayigh, Yezid. Armed Struggle and the Search for the State: the Palestinian national movement, 1949-1993 Tessler, MA. A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Chapter 5. Kisten Shulze. The Arab-Israeli ConflictJihan El-Tahri. The Fifty Years War: Israel and the Arabs Sherifa Zuhur. “Hamas and Israel: Conflict Strategies of Group-Based Politics” (Found Online)Abu-Amr, Ziad. Hamas: A Historical and Political Background.” Journalof Palestine Studies, Vol. XXII, No. 4, Summer 1993, pp. 5-19.Jeroen Gunning, Hamas in Politics: Democracy, Religion, ViolenceJudith Palmer Harik, Hezbollah: The Changing Face of Terrorism Naim Qassem, Hizbullah: The Story from WithinAdham Saouli, Hizbullah, Hamas, and the Arab Uprisings: Structures, Threats, and Opportunities', ORIENT, Vol. 54, No. 2, (2013), pp. 37-44.________. ‘'Hizbullah in the Civilising Process: anarchy, self-restraint and violence', Third World Quarterly, Vol. 32 No. 5 (2011) pp. 925-942__________. “Lebanon’s Hizbullah: The Quest for Survival”, World Affairs, Vol.166 No.2 (Fall 2003), pp.71-80

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____________. ‘Arab Political Organisations within the Israeli State’, The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, Vol.26, No.2 (Summer 2001), pp.443-460____. ‘The Arabs and Israel: The Hundred Years’ War. The Economist. January 9, 2009____. ‘Can Israel Survive its Assault on Gaza? Time. January 8, 2009

Veracini, Lorenzo Israel and Settler Society (Pluto 2006)Rodinson, Maxime, Israel: A Settler Colonial State (Pathfinder 1973)

Film

The Gatekeepers (2012) Documentary based on candid interviews with heads of the Israeli security service, Shin Bet.Five Broken Cameras (2011) Documentary by Palestinian filmmaker about Israeli settlement and Palestinian protest at the village of Bil’in in the West Bank.

Both of these films contain images of violence.

Wk 9 The Arab Uprisings: Causes and Consequences

The aims of this lecture are to analyse the possible causes and consequences of the recent uprisings in the Arab world. The first part of the lecture will assess the causes by exploring state formation processes in different Arab states and by emphasising some of the attributed failures of these processes that have contributed to the latest revolts. The second part will examine some of the varying consequences of these revolts on different Arab states.

Tutorial Questions:1. What were the factors behind the Arab uprisings, and why have they taken the turn they have? 2. How do we explain the absence of uprisings in Arab monarchies, such as Saudi Arabia or Jordan?

Core Readings:--Jack A. Goldstone, "Understanding the Revolutions of 2011" FOREIGN AFFAIRS, May 2011 (Vol. 90, No. 3)--Lisa Anderson, "Demystifying the Arab Spring" FOREIGN AFFAIRS, May 2011 (Vol. 90, No. 3)-- Michael Sakbani, "The Revolutions of the Arab Spring: Are Democracy, Development and Modernity at the Gates?" [127-147] CONTEMPORARY ARAB AFFAIRS, (Vol. 4, No. 2, 2011)

Recommended Readings:

Middle East Policy (Volume 19, Issue 1 Pages 1–170) 2012*** This volume is online and can be accessed. The volume examines the changing balance of power in the Middle East and the latest uprisings in several states.

CONTEMPORARY ARAB AFFAIRS, (Vol. 4, No. 2, 2011)Khair El-Din Haseeb, "On the Arab 'Democratic Spring': Lessons Derived" [113-122]Ziad Hafez, "The Arab Revolution is Marching On: Arabs Recover Their Dignity" [123-126]

FOREIGN AFFAIRS, May 2011 (Vol. 90, No. 3)Michael Scott Doran, "The Heirs of Nasser" [*]Dina Shehata, "The Fall of the Pharaoh" [*]Mark Blyth and Nassim Nicholas Taleb, “The Black Swan of Cairo” [*]Shadi Hamid, "The Rise of the Islamists" [*]

INSIGHT TURKEY, Spring 2011 (Vol. 13, No. 2)Marina Ottaway, "The Middle East is in Transition – To What?" [1-8]

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Asef Bayat, "Arab Revolts: Islamists Aren't Coming!" [9-14]Nader Hashemi, "The Arab Revolution of 2011: Reflections on Religion and Politics" [15-22]Alper Y. Dede, "The Arab Uprisings: Debating the 'Turkish Model'" [23-32]Kemal Kirişci, "Turkey's 'Demonstrative Effect' and the Transformation of the Middle East" [33-56]Mohammed Ayoob, "Beyond the Democratic Wave in the Arab World: The Middle East's Turko-Persian Future" [57-70]

FilmThe Square (2013) Documentary on the Egyptian revolution, made by a participant.

Return to Homs (2014) Syrian documentary charting the experiences of national football team goalkeeper Abdel Basset al-Sarout and his participation in the revolution and civil war. Contains disturbing scenes and violence.

Wk 10 Political Islam

This lecture will discuss the transformations in Islamist politics in the context of the Arab uprisings of 2010-2012. The lecture will also provide some background in political Islam in the Middle East.

Tutorial Questions: 1. To what extent Islamism is changing, and being changed by, politics in the Middle East? 2. What is the relationship between Islamism and political and social change?

Required readingsEllen Lust, Gamal Soltan, and Jakob Wichmann, “After the Arab Spring: Islamism, Secularism, and Democracy,” Current History 111, no. 749 (December 2012): 362–364.Hillel Fradkin, “Arab Democracy or Islamist Revolution?,” Journal of Democracy 24, no. 1 (2013): 5–13Olivier Roy, “The Transformation of the Arab World,” Journal of Democracy 23, no. 3 (2012): 5–18Olivier Roy, “There Will Be No Islamist Revolution,” Journal of Democracy 24, no. 1 (2013): 14–19

Recommended readingsEl Sherif, Ashraf. ‘Islamism After the Arab Spring’. Current History 110, no. 740 (December 2011): 358.Glain, Stephen. ‘Fault Lines in the Muslim Brotherhood’. The Nation 293, no. 11 (2011): 22–25.Lacroix, Stéphane ‘Sheikhs and Politicians: Inside the New Egyptian Salafism’. The Brookings Institution, June 11, 2012 (http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2012/06/07-egyptian-salafism-lacroix.)Schwedler, Jillian. ‘Can Islamists Become Moderates? Rethinking the Inclusion-Moderation Hypothesis’. World Politics 63, no. 02 (2011): 347–376.Haugbølle, Rikke Hostrup, and Francesco Cavatorta. ‘Beyond Ghannouchi: Islamism and Social Change in Tunisia’. Middle East Report, no. 262 (Spring 2012): 20.Denoeux, Guilain. ‘The Forgotten Swamp: Navigating Political Islam’. Middle East Policy 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 56–81.El-Ghobashy, Mona. ‘The Metamorphosis of the Egyptian Muslim Brothers’. International Journal of Middle East Studies 37, no. 03 (2005): 373–395.Wickham, Carrie Rosefsky. ‘The Muslim Brotherhood and Democratic Transition in Egypt’. Middle Eastern Law & Governance 3, no. 1/2 (February 2011): 204–223.Asef Bayat, “Revolution without Movement, Movement without Revolution: Comparing Islamic Activism in Iran and Egypt,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 40, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 136-169.Nathan J. Brown and Amr Hamzawy, Between Religion and Politics (Carnegie Endowment, 2010).Mona El-Ghobashy, “The Metamorphosis of the Egyptian Muslim Brothers,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 37, no. 3 (2005): 373-395.Frederic Volpi, Political Islam Observed 

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Mandaville, P. Global Political IslamAyoob, Mohammad, The Many Faces of Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Muslim World Ayubi, N Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World Beinen, J et al Political Islam: Essays from Middle East Report pt 1 Choueiri, Y Islamic Fundamentalism Fuller, G et al A Sense of Siege: The Geopolitics of Islam and the West ——— “The Future of Political Islam,” Foreign Affairs (March/April 2002). Gerges, FA “The End of Islamist Insurgency in Egypt?,” Middle East Journal (Fall 2000). 14Guazzone, L (ed) The Islamist Dilemma: The Political Role of Islamist Movements in the Contemporary Arab World. Ibrahim, SE Egypt, Islam and Democracy: Twelve Critical Essays. Chapters 1-5. Kepel, Giles Jihad: the Trail of Political Islam. —— The Prophet and Pharaoh: Muslim Extremism in Contemporary Egypt. Lustick, IS For the Land and For the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel. Piscatori, J Islam in the Political Process Zubaida, S Islam, the People and the State Chapter

Wk 11 Exam Revision Session

This week involves only a LECTURE. There are no tutorials for this week.

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Appendices

1. Guide to Using LEARN for Online Tutorial Sign-Up: The following is a guide to using LEARN to sign up for your tutorial. If you have any problems using the LEARN sign up, please contact the course secretary by email (Edwin.cruden@ed.ac.uk)Tutorial sign up will open at 15:30 on Tuesday 16th September (16.09.14), after the first lecture has taken place, and will close at 12 noon on the Friday of Week 1 (19.09.14).

Step 1 – Accessing LEARN course pagesAccess to LEARN is through the MyEd Portal. You will be given a log-in and password during Freshers’ Week. Once you are logged into MyEd, you should see a tab called ‘Courses’ which will list the active LEARN pages for your courses under ‘myLEARN’.

Step 2 – Welcome to LEARNOnce you have clicked on the relevant course from the list, you will see the Course Content page. There will be icons for the different resources available, including one called ‘Tutorial Sign Up’. Please take note of any instructions there.

Step 3 – Signing up for your tutorialClicking on Tutorial Sign Up will take you to the sign up page where all the available tutorial groups are listed along with the running time and location.Once you have selected the group you would like to attend, click on the ‘Sign up’ button. A confirmation screen will display.

IMPORTANT: If you change your mind after having chosen a tutorial you cannot go back and change it and you will need to email the course secretary. Reassignments once tutorials are full or after the sign-up period has closed will only be made in exceptional circumstances.Tutorials have restricted numbers and it is important to sign up as soon as possible. The tutorial sign up will only be available until 12 noon on the Friday of Week 1 (19.09.14) so that everyone is registered to a group ahead of tutorials commencing in Week 2. If you have not yet signed up for a tutorial by this time you will be automatically assigned to a group which you will be expected to attend.

2. Learning Resources for Undergraduates: The Study Development Team at the Institute for Academic Development (IAD) provides resources and workshops aimed at helping all students to enhance their learning skills and develop effective study techniques. Resources and workshops cover a range of topics, such as managing your own learning, reading, note making, essay and report writing, exam preparation and exam techniques.The study development resources are housed on 'LearnBetter' (undergraduate), part of Learn, the University's virtual learning environment. Follow the link from the IAD Study Development web page to enrol: www.ed.ac.uk/iad/undergraduatesWorkshops are interactive: they will give you the chance to take part in activities, have discussions, exchange strategies, share ideas and ask questions. They are 90 minutes long and held on Wednesday afternoons at 1.30pm or 3.30pm. The schedule is available from the IAD Undergraduate web page (see above).Workshops are open to all undergraduates but you need to book in advance, using the MyEd booking system. Each workshop opens for booking 2 weeks before the date of the workshop itself. If you book and then cannot attend, please cancel in advance through MyEd so that another student can have your place. (To be fair to all students, anyone who persistently books on workshops and fails to attend may be barred from signing up for future events).Study Development Advisors are also available for an individual consultation if you have specific questions about your own approach to studying, working more effectively, strategies for improving your learning and your academic work. Please note, however, that Study Development Advisors are not subject specialists so they cannot comment on the content of your work. They also do not check or proof read students' work.

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To make an appointment with a Study Development Advisor, email iad.study@ed.ac.uk (For support with English Language, you should contact the English Language Teaching Centre).

3. Discussing Sensitive TopicsThe discipline of Politics addresses a number of topics that some might find sensitive or, in some cases, distressing. You should read this handbook carefully and if there are any topics that you may feel distressed by you should seek advice from the course convenor and/or your Personal Tutor.For more general issues you may consider seeking the advice of the Student Counselling Service, http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/student-counselling

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