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School of somethingFACULTY OF OTHER
Facing ComplexityUsing AAC in Human User Interface Design
Lisa-Dionne MorrisSchool of Mechanical [email protected]
Communication Matters Conference 201126 September 2011
Project aims
The aim of this individual part of the project was to design and develop an improved human user interface. The objective was that the interface worked with the operational procedures associated with a NEWLY DESIGNED electronic appliance used for dispensing medication.
Technology
Users
Compliance
Palliative Care
Socio-Technical System
Cognitive and Intellectual decline
Project theme
The theme is Facing Complexity with a focus on how to face the complexity of human interaction with new and emerging objects and technological systems. Following the theme of Donald A. Norman's latest book, where the paradigm of simplicity is questioned in relations to the design of human user interfaces. In user interface design, the risk is to make interaction unmanageable, in which complexity can appear suddenly, catching people by surprise.
Existing units
2 versions of COMPLEXITY
Humans want DEVICES to enable CHOICE. We need levels of complexity we do not want confusion. We need understandable devices and User Interface and Produce Designers need to understand how DIFFERENT HUMANS think.
X
Confusion, Frustration, Disorder
Cognitive
Complexity
Perceptual
Complexity
The final unit
Interface Design
Research scope
(AAC)-Makaton Vocabulary Language Programme
-Signs-Symbols
-Spoken Word
User Interface Design
-Mediated communication
-interaction design
Humans-Thinking
Process Skills-Cognitive capabilities
Argument
Implementation and utilisation of Makaton Vocabulary Language Programme, a system of alternative and augmentative communication (AAC), might provide principles and procedures for technology enhanced learning for users with reduce cognitive and intellectual capabilities, this might offer a design intervention technique that was appropriate for people with reduced cognitive capabilities thus, providing a more sustainable interface.
Literature review on complexity
User Interface
Human-Machine Loop
In a very simple way, the human-machine loop has been associated with concepts such as speed, accuracy and integrity in the flow of information round the human-machine loop Pheasant (1986). The typical modality pattern is of sight as the primary input/receptive mode, and movement and sight as the primary output/expressive mode. The focus of this particular view is human computer interaction through a graphic user interface.
Human Machine
Displays
Controls
Accessibility channel
Receptive Mode (Input)
The display gives visual support and prompting and provides objects of reference plus auditory clues for interaction
Machine Human
Displays
Controls
Expressive Mode (Output)
Access controls are predominately symbol and text solutions plus audio re-enforcement
Reduced cognitive and intellectual skills
Visuo-motor
•With this in mind, input (receptive) language and output (expressive) language is a less dominate trait in cognitive and intellectual impairment Romski et al (1997) and information-processing in the brain is best stimiuateld by sight and movement Barrie (1997)
Perception
•Maximum possible distinction between visual language items and recognition of language structure based on an operator’s linguistic codes Walker et al. (1985)
Semantic-symbolic
•Thus, the semantic-symbolic complexity is reduced if the chosen semantic-symbolic parameters include certain key semantic relationships, commonly expressed in early learnt language of an operational procedure Lahey et al. (1997).
Three basic complexity parameters associated with reduced cognitive and intellectual skills
Definition of access control capabilities
Access Control Capabilities and Communication Channels used by Operators with Cognitive and Intellectual Difficulties
Operators demonstrate intentions by feeling and looking at user interfaces and by seeking verbal re-enforcement of the task. Successful interaction may use touch, sight and audio communication channels. To support access of an operational user interface designers must consider the use of appropriate size, colour and style of receptive and expressive language. Also, consider the use of touch, sight and verbal operational and sequence re-enforcement to make choices.
The total design process
Interface design
Interface design for patient and personal helper
Findings
The implementation of verbal audio features supported the content of the screen, which enhances user’s cognitive processing.
The implementation of animated or dynamic elements enhanced the ‘static’ interface.
User preferences and language defined at the beginning of the design process, reduced the overall navigational elements of the interface
Reducing complexity
Visual support such as, prompting objects of reference and auditory clues needed for receptive modes.
Receptive language should combine visual clue such as colour or flashing lights to indicate the next operational procedure. A linear operational sequence indicates next operational procedures. Symbol and text solutions plus audio re-enforcement of operational sequence needed to support
expressive modes. Additional, alternative or adaptive access channels may be required .
Further work
School of somethingFACULTY OF OTHER
Facing ComplexityLisa-Dionne MorrisSchool of Mechanical [email protected]
Thank you!
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