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School
Water Safety
Resources
Schools should use the resources in this pack to provide knowledge
of water safety to pupils in Key Stage 1 and 2.
Spring 2012
Additional information and worksheets are available.
Please contact the Aquatic Development Officer on 01492 575561 or
email [email protected] for more information.
Water Safety Code
1. SPOT THE DANGERS!
Water may look safe, but is can be dangerous. Learn to
spot and keep away from dangers. You may swim well in a
warm indoor pool, but that does not mean that you will be
able to swim in cold outdoor water.
2. TAKE SAFETY ADVICE!
Special flags and notices may warn you of danger. Know
what the signs mean and do what they tell you.
3. DON’T GO ALONE!
Children should always go with an adult, not by
themselves. An adult can point out dangers or help if
somebody gets into trouble.
4. LEARN HOW TO HELP!
You may be able to help yourself and others if you know
what to do in an emergency. If you see someone in
difficulty, tell somebody, preferably a Lifeguard if there
is one nearby, or go to the nearest telephone, dial 999,
or 112 off a mobile phone and ask for the Police at inland
water sites and the Coastguard at the beach.
Drowning Prevention
The Aims of Water Prevention:
Water Safety education should aim to prevent accidental drowning by teaching
children at Key Stage 1 and 2 about the dangers that they may encounter around
water in their home, swimming pool and open water environments such as rivers, lakes
and the sea. Children must be made aware that even a good swimmer can get into
difficulty in open water. They should be taught to assess and apply the principles of
water safety both in the classroom and these should be reinforced in the swimming
pool during school lessons. Breaking the ‘Drowning Chain’:
There are several key events that contribute to the ‘Drowning Chain’, and by ensuring
that children have knowledge and awareness we are able to ‘Break the Drowning Chain’
and prevent a fatality:
1. Having the ability to recognise and avoid dangerous situations as a result of water safety education and information.
2. Denying or restricting children access to hazardous areas. 3. Providing information signs 4. Competent supervision 5. Acquiring personal survival skills, including the ability to swim 6. The availability of rescuers and rescue equipment.
Effective water safety education is the key to preventing accidental drowning.
The Dangers of Cold Water Immersion
Immersion in cold water is known to be a major factor in most drownings in British
Waters. This applies throughout the year as sea temperatures rarely rise above 15°C and in winter fall to 5°C or below. In very cold water (around 5°C), even strong swimmers are unable to keep afloat for more than a few minutes. This is because ‘cold
shock’ brings about rapid breathing, which leads to difficulty in co-ordinating
breathing with swimming.
Lightweight everyday clothing can substantially reduce heat loss by preventing the
continuous movement of cold water around the body.
If you find yourself in cold water:
• Keep Calm.
• Float on your back and adopt the HELP (Heat Escape Lessening Posture)
position which will prevent the loss of body heat (see below).
• If there is more than one of you, adopt the HUDDLE position to retain body
heat communally (see below).
• Hold on to support or float quietly facing away from the waves to prevent the
water splashing your face.
• Do not swim unless you are forced to do so to keep afloat or get clear of
danger.
• Do not try to swim to the shore, unless you are a very good swimmers and the
shore is within a reasonable distance e.g. 200metres in cold water, 50 metres
in very cold water.
• Do not move more than is absolutely necessary.
• Do not attempt to exercise to keep warm.
• Do not remove clothing, except for items that weigh you down e.g. heavy coats
or wellington boots.
• Try to keep your head above water. Intermittent submersion of the head will
increase heat loss.
• Keep your legs together.
Child Accidental Drowning 2005 ROSPA (Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents)
• 435 people drowned in 2005.
• 234 occurred in inland waters
• Majority fell into water and were unable to help themselves
• 31 drowned whilst swimming
• 24 intentionally got into the water for other reasons, including activities such
as rescuing others, jumping, diving, swimming, paddle or play.
Of these 435 accidental drownings, 39 were children aged 0-14.
Of these 39 children, 27 (69%) were male and 12 (31%) were female.
Beach Safety
Can you list 6 dangers?
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Garden Safety
Can you list 6 dangers?
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Home Safety
Can you list 6 dangers?
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Lake Safety
Can you list 6 dangers?
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Swimming Pool Safety
Can you list 6 dangers?
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Basic Rescues
Water Safety Code Point 4 - ‘Learn how to help’
Although children should be taught to seek the assistance of an adult, they may have
to attempt a rescue themselves. It is essential therefore that they understand that
entering the water to attempt a rescue places them at great risk and should be
avoided.
Teachers and classroom assistants are able to teach basic land based rescues within
the classroom or school hall.
Children should be taught to Reach, Throw Do Not Go.
Shout and Signal Rescue This is the safest form of rescue as it relies on the use of voice and hand signals to
instruct and encourage the casualty to make his/her own way to safety.
Teaching Points • Attract the attention of the casualty by shouting and signalling / waving
• Using your voice and hand signals instruct the casualty:
o Do NOT panic
o Breathe!
o Keep your hands in the water, do a figure of 8 with your hands, palms
down
o Feel for the floor with your foot
o If you can stand – walk slowly to the side
o If you can’t stand – do a cycling action with your legs and doggy paddle
with your arms to swim to the side.
o Direct them to a safe place to climb out
• Once they are safely out of the water keep them warm and get help.
Reach Rescue A reach rescue is effective and safe for the rescuer. Reach rescues should always be
considered first in any water-based emergency when the casualty is near the edge.
Teaching Points • Use a rigid aid, such as golf club, walking
stick, strong branch, if you do not have
anything similar use something non-rigid,
clothing, towel, or belt.
• Lie flat on your stomach
• Reach for the casualty and tell them to
climb up the item.
If you have no aids you can still carry out a reaching rescue:
• Lie flat on your stomach, with your chest on firm ground (to prevent you from
being pulled in to the water). If there is another person on the side with you
they can hold onto your ankles.
• Reach for the casualty with your hand
• Grab their wrist and help pull them to the side.
Throwing Rescues A throwing rescue should be used when the casualty is too far away to reach by other
means.
Teaching Points: Using buoyant aids such as a ball, life ring,
plastic drinks container or rope:
• Throw accurately to the casualty
• When practising gradually increase the
distance thrown.
Recue Aids
1. Put a circle round the items below that would help someone stay afloat
2. Colour in the items that could be used to throw to, or reach someone that was in difficulties.
Survival Techniques