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January 5, 2014
SCI 301: Water: Science, Policy, and HealthDay 1: Environmental Health 101
Students will be able to define “toxicology and its basic terms”.
Students will have responded to the assumptions and overview of the course.
At end of the day,
What are some water problems we have
in this region?
Water challenges Drinking water quality: mercury, arsenic, lead
Dysfunctional or absent sewage treatment Use of poison in fishing
Depleted aquifers Car washing
Salination Photo by Suzanne Fournier
Environmental Health 101
Let’s talk about Mr. Geoffrey’s bias.
Environment: Circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is surrounded.
Natural environmentBuilt environmentSocial environment
Environmental Health Terms
Health: condition of being sound in body, mind, or spirit
Disease: a condition that impairs the performance of a vital function
Enviro. Health Terms
The study of the effects of chemicals on organisms.
The study of what agents do to the body and what the body does to agents.
"All things are poison and nothing is without poison; only the dose makes a thing not a poison.“ - von Hohenheim
Objective science is needed to inform policy.
The Science of Toxicology
Agent: a chemical, biological, physical factor that can affect human health
Exposure: An agent comes into contact with a human
Risk: the possibility of loss or injurySafe: free from risk
Enviro. Health Terms
BacteriaVirusRadiation Chemical
Types of agents
Bacteria
Virus
Bacteria and viruses are not the same thing.
Bacteria Viruses
Alive Examples:
Streptoccoculus, Cholera, some food poisoning
May be killed by antibiotics (e.g. Cipro)
Alive? Examples: Causes of
the common cold, HIV, Ebola, some causes of cervical cancer
Antibiotics have no effect.
Can be prevented by vaccinations.
BacteriaVirusRadiation Chemical
Types of agents
Depleted uranium from shells, looted nuclear material
Increase in cancers and birth defects(?) Photo by relaxedpolitics.com
An Agent: Radiation
BacteriaVirusRadiation Chemical
Types of agents
Over 70,000Their effects are not well documented.
Why not? Agents are released by a source into the environment.
Examples: Benzene, Arsenic, Lead, Mercury
How many synthetic chemicals are on the market?
Break 1
We can manage risk. Risk Management is the selection of the best alternatives, considering the risks and other social, economic, and political concerns.
This is policy. This is life.
You are not safe.We cannot avoid risk.
Individual characteristicsLatencyMulti-factorial etiologyMixed exposure scenariosDisease non-specificitySocio-economic status (SES)
Why is it so hard to “prove” that Agent X causes Disease Y?
Humans impact the environment and the environment impacts humans.
E.G.: Methlymercury in seafood causes developmental delays in children of exposed mothers.
Apply new terminology to the above situation.
Environmental Health
EnvironmentHealth DiseaseAgentExposureRiskSafe
Review of Environmental Health Terms
Do citizens of these countries all use the same amount of water?
USA China India Mozambique Mexico Peru
Water Usage
Population Affluencex Technology Impact
How to think about our Impact
For everyone to use water like water is used in the West, we would need 3.5 earths.
So, we should all be like Mozambique?
How can we control the factors in the Impact equation?
Water Usage
Population Affluencex Technology Impact
How to think about our Impact
Germany would be a huge improvement.
Environmental degradation can be reversed.
Break II
January 5, 2014
SCI 301: Water: Science, Policy, and HealthDay 1: Overview of course
Assumption:We have a
materialistic world view.
The only things that exist are matter and energy.
Goal of the courseStudents will be able to use
scientific research and policy to improve water quality and
human health in Iraq and the KRG.
Environmental problems are human problems.
Science improves policy.Policy can improve human health.
The Big Ideas of the Class
This class is exactly that. We are a mix of business, policy, politics, IT, and
engineering people. But each one of us is also a mix of those fields. Business people sell technology. Politicians use research to make arguments. This course will not make you a toxicologist or a
policy-maker. This course will help you to use research to reach
your goals. Which hopefully include cleaner water and
healthier people.
I know you are sick of hearing about liberal arts, but . . .
The Interesting Stuff
HousekeepingQuestions
Let’s look at the syllabus.
Master’s degree in Public Health from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, with a focus on Environmental Health and Policy. After earning his degree, he worked for six months at the Washington D. C. offices of the NGO Environmental Defense Fund.
About the Professor
More importantly,
Who are you?
Engineering?Business Majors? IT? IS?
Who took SCI 208 with Dr. CJ Geraci?
Who are you?
Environmental Health 101
What is your bias?
This is a 300-level Science course.
This course is not an “Easy A”.You will need to take notes, do the readings, and revise your memo several times in order to get a good grade.
Please understand:
Oh, boy!Quiz!!
What is it? Our actions will have results we cannot predict.
Example: DDT to prevent MalariaThis is why precaution and alternatives are important.
Cell phones
Law of Unintended Consequences
What is it? Is it a problem here? Please go to the WHO website, Cholera Factsheet.
Use Cholera example to review these concepts.
Cholera
EnvironmentHealth DiseaseAgentExposureRiskSafe
Review of Environmental Health Terms