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8/8/2019 Sci Method Matter Notes Stud Version
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sci-method-matter-notes-stud-version 1/28
ChemistryChapter 2
Properties of Matter
8/8/2019 Sci Method Matter Notes Stud Version
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MCAS Learning Standards (2006)
1. Properties of Matter
Broad Concept : Physical and chemical
properties reflect the nature of theinteractions between molecules or atoms
and can be used to classify and describe
matter.
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MCAS Learning Standards (2006)
± Identify and explain physical properties
(such as density, melting point, boiling
point, conductivity, and malleability) and
chemical properties (such as the ability to
form new substances). Distinguish between
chemical and physical changes.
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MCAS Learning Standards (2006)
± Explain the difference between pure
substances (elements and compounds) and
mixtures. Differentiate between
heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures.
± Describe the three normal states of matter
(solid, liquid, gas) in terms of energy,
particle motion, and phase transitions.
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Introduction to Chemistry
Chemistry ±
the ³centralscience´
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Scientific Method
1. Observation
2.
3. Create hypothesis to answer questions4.
5. Conclude results from experiment (may lead to
more experiments)
6.
7. Theory developed to explain Law
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Theories vs. Laws
Scientific Definitions:
Natural Law:
Scientific Theory:
does not become law even with additionalevidence
not all scientific laws have accompanyingtheories
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Study Buddy Discussion
Describe how each
step of the scientific
method was modeled
in the lava lamp
demonstration.
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Matter
Anything that
takes up _____
and has ______
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The States of Matter
SOLID LIQUID
GAS PLASMA
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States of Matter
State of Matter Volume Shape
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
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Changes in State
Name of Transitions
between states of matter:
Mostly obtained by heating or cooling (add
or remove energy)
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Properties of Matter
Physical Properties
Examples:
± Density
± Color ± Melting Point
Chemical Properties
FUNDAMENTALLY CH ANGED
Examples: ± Flammability
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Study Buddy Review
Classify each as a physical or chemical property of matter :
Blue Color
Ability to Rust
Density
Flammability
Reacts with a base to form water
Boiling Point Reacts with water to form a gas
Luster
Mass
Odor
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Significance of Physical
Properties Help to identify a substance
E
xamples: ±Density
±Melting Point
±Boiling Point
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Changes in Matter
Physical Changes
Do NOT alter the identity
of the substance
Examples:
Chemical Changes
Alters the substance¶s
identity
Examples:
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Law of Conservation of Energy
Law of Conservation of Energy:
Energy: the capacity to do work or produce heat Common forms of energy:
Measured in calories or Joules (SI unit)
1 calorie = 4.184 Joules
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Law of Conservation of Matter
Conservation of Matter :
A chemical change is a really chemical reaction
4 Fe + 3 O2 2 Fe2O3
Reactants products Antoine Lavoisier :
± Made accurate and precise measurementsduring chemical reactions
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Pure Substances
Have constant
composition Cannot be separated
by physical change
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Elements
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Compounds
Can be separated into
elements by chemical
change Types: covalent or ionic
http://cwis.nyu.edu/ pages/mathmol/modules/water /water.html
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Mixtures
Heterogeneous or Homogeneous
Can be separated by
physical change Separation Techniquesdepend on type of mixture
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Heterogeneous Mixtures
Can be separated by
physical means like
filtration
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Homogeneous Mixtures
Can be separated by
physical means likedistillation,
crystallization or
chromatography http://lorien.ncl.ac.uk /ming/distil/distil0.htm
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Separation Techniques
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
http://lorien.ncl.ac.uk /ming/distil/distil0.htm
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Which is it?
ElementCompoundMixture