Sci5#58 Review Unit 3 and Unit 4 and End of Course

Assessment of Unit 3 and Unit 4

Does heat energy behave in predictable ways?

Yes, heat energy does behave in predictable ways. Heat will

always flow in one direction from hot to cold.

When there is a temperature

difference, heat will

always move from higher to

lower temperatures.

When warmer things are put with cooler things, the warmer things lose heat and the cool

things gain it until they are all at the same temperature.

A warmer object can warm a cooler object by contact or at a distance.

How do we explain conduction?

Conduction is the transfer of thermal

energy between

things that are touching.

Conduction can happen within one object. (For example, thermal energy can be conducted through the handle of a metal pot.)

How do we explain convection?

Convection is the movement of thermal energy by the

movement of liquids or gases.

Convection in the oceans and

atmosphere helps to move thermal energy around Earth, and is an important factor

influencing weather and

climate.

How do we explain radiation?

Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.

Electromagnetic waves can carry energy through places with or without any

matter.

The Sun is the main source of electromagnetic energy on Earth.

Part of this energy, light, is used by producers to make food.

Radiation can also happen in other circumstances. Examples of

radiation would be sitting in front of a fireplace or a heater.

Heating and cooling can

cause changes in the properties of materials, but not all materials

respond the same way to being heated and cooled.

Heating and cooling cause changes in the properties of

materials, such as water turning into steam by boiling and water

turning into ice by freezing.

You may notice as you work with heat transfer many kinds of

changes occur faster at higher temperatures.

Some materials are better conductors of heat than other

materials.

Metals are good conductors of heat such as copper, gold and aluminum. Wood is not a good

conductor of heat.

Weather can change from day to day, and many factors are

measured to describe and predict weather conditions. (EG: wind

speed and direction, precipitation, temperature and air pressure).

In different latitudes and hemispheres there are different

(and sometimes opposite) seasonal weather patterns.

By collecting and comparing daily weather data you can

begin to predict the likelihood of

a particular weather condition occurring.

What are some basic weather instruments used to measure

weather?

A Thermometer measures

air temperature

.

An anemometer measures wind speed. One type is made of cups

that catch the wind.

As wind blows the cups they spin. The dial on the

anemometer shows the

wind speed.

A barometer measures air pressure. It tells whether the pressure is rising or falling.

Rain gauge measures how much rain has fallen over a period of

time.

A weather vane lets you know the direction of the

wind.

What type of weather is

associated with the different

pressure systems?

A high pressure system is a whirling mass of cool, dry air that generally brings fair weather and

light winds.

These bring sunny skies. A high pressure system is represented as a big, blue H.

A low pressure system is a whirling mass of warm, moist air that

generally brings stormy weather with strong winds.

A low pressure system is represented as a big, red L. It is common to have precipitation during a low pressure system.

What type of weather is

associated with the different

types of fronts?

A cold front will bring cooler temperatures.

Thunderstorms will form as the

moisture in the warm air mass

rises, cools, and condenses. As the front

moves through, cool, fair

weather is likely to follow.

Cold front precipitation will move quickly followed by clear weather.

A warm front forms when a moist, warm air mass slides up and over

a cold air mass.

As the warm air mass rises, it condenses into a broad area of clouds. A warm front brings gentle rain

or light snow, that may last awhile.

After many hours or days the precipitation will end and this will be followed by

warmer, milder weather though often cloudy.

Stationary Fronts form when warm and

cold air meet and neither air mass has the force

to move the other. They remain stationary, or they

“stand still.”

Where the warm and cold air meet, clouds and fog form, and it may rain or

snow. This front can bring many days of clouds and precipitation.

An occluded front is represented as a purple line with teeth and half

circles.

The temperature drops

as the warm air mass is

occluded, or “cut off,”

from the ground and pushed upward. This

front can bring strong winds and

heavy precipitation.

What type of weather is associated with different

cloud types?

Stratocumulus clouds are low-lying bumpy and grey clouds. They

do not bring precipitation.

They also do not cover the entire sky and tend to come in rows and patches.

At the beginning of any front you

will see Cirrus clouds. Cirrus

clouds are white wispy clouds that

stretch across the sky.

By watching their movement and the direction in which the streaks are pointed, you can get a sense of which direction the weather front is moving. Cirrus clouds show the direction the front is traveling.

If the cirrus clouds start to clump together they become

Cirrocumulus clouds. This lets us know a cold front is coming.

Altocumulus are grayish-white clouds blanketing the entire sky. The tend to form irregular patterns. They let us know rain is nearby.

Cumulonimbus are cumulus clouds that have grown vertically

into an anvil-like shape. The anvil tends to point in the

direction the storm is moving.

Nimbus means rain and Cumulonimbus clouds dump

rain.

If Cumulonimbus clouds build big enough these clouds can bring

most dangerous weather such as heavy rain, high winds,

lightning, hail and tornadoes.

Just like cold fronts, Warm fronts start with the appearance of

cirrus clouds. Cirrus clouds tell us which direction the front is approaching from.

These cirrus clouds start to form high layered clouds called

cirrostratus clouds. This indicates a warm front is approaching.

Stratus are low-lying solid clouds

that are often formed when fog

lifts off the ground. They obviously look

like an elevated fog. Often they

bring drizzle or light snow.

Nimbostratus is your standard rain cloud. It is a large flat sheet of grey cloud

with a little bit of differentiation. If you see these, chances are

it's raining or snowing outside.

Local weather conditions are influenced by global factors such

as air and water currents.

Water currents, such as the Gulf Stream, have a huge

impact on weather on the US coast and in England and Ireland.

The Gulf stream is a warm water surface current in the Atlantic ocean that moves from south of Florida up the eastern seaboard and then across the Atlantic.

The Gulf Stream moderates weather along the eastern

seaboard, warming the air and land there during the cooler

months.

Air currents such as the Jet Stream affect weather.

The jet stream is an air current in the upper atmosphere, located over North America that has a

powerful influence on the weather conditions there.

The jet stream flows from the west to the east and changes location depending on global conditions.

In the Pacific, there is an oscillation of water temperatures known as El

Nino/La Nina.

This oscillation impacts the climate of North and South

America for long periods of time.

Hurricanes are major storms that form over warm ocean water and

are caused by global weather patterns.

Today you are going to take a test on the information you learned in

Unit 3: Energy: Conservation and Transfer and Unit 4:

Earth Systems, Structures and Processes.

I will read through all the questions for you. After I finish

reading through the questions take your time and go through and answer all the

questions.

1. What happens when warmer objects are put with cooler objects?

A. the warmer things lose heat and the cool things gain it until they are all at the same temperature.

B. the cooler things continue to lose heat and the warmer things continue to gain heat.

 

2. How can a warmer object warm a cooler object by contact?

a) By conduction b) by convection c) by radiation

3. Match the 3 types of heat transfer with their correct definition.

a. Radiationb. Convectionc. Conduction

____1. The movement of heat energy through liquid and gases in currents.____2. Transfer of heat between two solids.____3. Movement of heat through space as waves.

Circle the correct answer.

4. Give an example of when conduction can happen within one object.

A. through a wooden handle on a tea kettleB. through the handle of a metal pot.

5. How does convection in the oceans and atmosphere affect the Earth?

A. it creates pockets of heat throughout the world

B. it helps to move thermal energy around Earth, and is an important factor influencing weather and climate.

6. Can electromagnetic waves carry energy through places with or without any matter?

True False

7. What is the main source of electromagnetic energy on Earth?

A. the air pockets circulating through the EarthB. the sun

8. What part of energy is used by producers to make food? 

A. heat B. Electromagnetic waves C. Light

9. What is one example of radiation?

a. putting a metal spoon in a hot cup of coffee b. sitting in front of a fireplacec. boiling water

Circle the correct answer. 10. All materials respond the same way to being heated and cooled.

True False

11.Which of these are not changes in the properties of materials caused by heating and cooling?

a. water turning into steam by boiling b. water turning into ice by freezing.c. plants grow in sunlight

12. Many kinds of changes occur faster at higher temperatures.

True False

13.What makes a bad conductor of heat?

copper gold aluminum wood

14.Which of these is not a factor measured to describe and predict weather conditions?

A. wind speed and directionB. precipitationC. temperature D. air pressureE. number of birds spotted on the ground

15.Which of these basic weather instruments measures wind speed?

A. thermometer

B. barometerC. anemometerD. wind vaneE. rain gauge

16. Meterologist collect and compare weather data in order to predict the likelihood of a particular weather condition occurring.

True false

17.Which atmospheric conditions are associated with predictable weather patterns?

A. high and low pressure systems

B. warm, cold and stationary fronts

c. sunlight

18.What can cirrus clouds tell the observer?

a. Cirrus clouds show the direction the front is traveling.

b. Cirrus clouds mean thunder storms are near.

c. Cirrus clouds mean clear skies for many days.

19. What influences local weather conditions?

A. global factors such as air and water currents.

B. amount of foliage is found in a certain area.

c. The types of animal life found in a certain area.

20. What is the jet stream?a) an air current in the upper

atmosphere, located over North America that has a powerful influence on the weather conditions there.

b) a warm water surface current in the Atlantic ocean that moves from south of Florida up the eastern seaboard and then across the Atlantic.

21.What direction does the jet stream flow?

A. the jet stream flows from the west to the east and changes location depending on global conditions.

B. the jet stream flows from the east to the west and changes location depending on global conditions.

22.What is the Gulf Stream?

a) an air current in the upper atmosphere, located over North America that has a powerful influence on the weather conditions there.

b) a warm water surface current in the Atlantic ocean that moves from south of Florida up the eastern seaboard and then across the Atlantic.

23.How does the Gulf Stream moderates weather along the eastern seaboard?

A. by warming the air and land there during the cooler months.

B. by moving weather patterns across the continents.

24.What is an El Nino/La Nina?

A. an oscillation of water temperatures in the Pacific.

B. an oscillation of water temperatures in the Atlantic.

25.This oscillation does not impact the climate of North and South America.

True False

26.What are hurricanes?

a. major storms that form over warm ocean water and are caused by global weather patterns.

b. major storms that form over continents and are caused by global weather patterns.

27. Land and sea breezes affect the weather. True False

In our next lesson we will review Unit 5: Introduction of Living Organisms and Unit 7: Introduction to Evolution and

Geneticsand complete an assessment for both units.

Good Job Today!

And remember to….

See you next time!