Science 10

Ms. Yu

How do we know if something is organic or inorganic in chemistry?

ORGANIC Contains mainly

Carbon & Hydrogen (sometimes also N and O)

COVALENT! E.g. CH4 (methane) C6H12O6 (glucose)

INORGANIC Contain little or no

carbon Contain carbon

but no Hydrogen IONIC OR

COVALENT E.g. H2O, NH3,

CO2, N2O, NaHCO3

ACID A solution with more H+ ions than OH- ionsProperties:

pH 0-less than 7 (7= neutral)Contains “H” in formulaReleases H+ ions in solutionsConducts electric currentTaste sourTouch: will burn your skinReacts with metals to form Hydrogen gas (H2)Can be neutralized by a base

BASE A solution with more OH- ions than H+

ionsProperties:

pH greater than >7 Contains “OH” in formula Releases OH- ions in solutions Conducts electric current Taste bitter Feels slippery DOES NOT Reacts with metals Can be neutralized by an acid

Acids and Base are Always in SOLUTIONS dissolved in water aqueous (aq)

ACID OR BASE?ACID OR BASE?

ACID

BASE

ACID

BASE

BASE

ACID

ACID

BASE

BASE

A solution with the same concentration of H+ and OH- ions

pH= 7

Measures Acidity (Amount of H+ ions) Normal range is 0-14 pH <7 is acidic ; pH > 7 is basic Neutral pH=7 pH scale is Logarithmic (change in 1=

10 times moree.g. pH4 solution has 10 times more H+

ions than pH5 solution

Power of Hydrogen

What is the difference in acidity (H+ ion concentration) between pH 4 and 6?

100 times!!

Normal RainpH=6

Acid rain (pH=4)

What is the difference in H+ ion concentration between a pH 1 solution and a pH 4 solution?

pH1pH4 Difference of 3So pH1 solution has 1000 times more H+

than pH 4 solution!!

Chemicals that change colour depending on the pH of solution

SUFFIX Oxygen?

Name of Acid Example

-ate Yes 1. Drop Hydrogen and -ate

2. Add –ic acid

H2CO3

Hydrogen carbonateCarbonic acid

-ite Yes 1. Drop Hydrogen and –ite

2. Add –ous acid

H2SO3

Hydrogen sulphiteSulphurous acid

-ide No 1. Drop Hydrogen and –ide

2. Add Hydro-----ic acid

HClHydrogen chlorideHydrochloric acid

METAL OXIDES dissolves in water to form a BASE

e.g. Na2O + H2O NaOH BASECaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 BASE

NON-METAL OXIDES dissolve in water to form ACIDS

e.g. SO2 + H2O H2SO3 ACIDSO3 + H2O H2SO4 ACID2 NO2 + H2O HNO2 + HNO3

ACIDCO2 + H2O H2CO3 ACID

Taste (you’ve guessed it!) Salty! Conduct electricity when dissolved in water

e.g. NaCl (aq) Does not react with metals Does not change colour of indicators Form from acid & base neutralization

ACID + BASE SALT + WATER

E.g. HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

Hydrocholric Acid + sodium hydroxide

Sodium chloride + Water

E.g. 3H2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3 Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O