A molecule of DNA is "packaged" and carried by a larger
molecule called a __________. A. Nucleus B. Vacuole C. Chromosome
D. Gene
Slide 3
A molecule of DNA is "packaged" and carried by a larger
molecule called a __________. Answer: C A molecule of DNA is
"packaged" and carried by a larger molecule called a chromosome. In
a chromosome, a single strand of DNA is wound and coiled many times
around a variety of proteins. In this way, a chromosome functions
as a method of "packaging" the DNA, which would be extremely long
if it existed as an independent strand (if the DNA in a human cell
were stretched out, it would be about 6 feet long!).
Slide 4
Every trait you see on an organism is a result of that
organisms DNA instructing the organisms cells. How does the
information stored in DNAs nucleotides translate into traits such
as eye color and ear shape? A. Traits are determined by proteins
that are built according to the instructions stored in genes. B.
Traits are determined by a group of enzymes known as DNA helicases.
C. Traits are determined by codons that are stored in groups of
nucleotides. D. Traits are determined by the presence or absence of
lac operons along a series of nucleotides.
Slide 5
Every trait you see on an organism is a result of that
organisms DNA instructing the organisms cells. How does the
information stored in DNAs nucleotides translate into traits such
as eye color and ear shape? Answer: A Proteins have many functions,
including acting as enzymes and cell membrane channels. All of the
proteins in the body are built from amino acids according to very
specific instructions stored in the genes on DNA molecules.
Proteins are not built directly from DNA, though. RNA is involved
in protein synthesis, which is also known as gene expression.
Slide 6
DNA contains all the information a cell needs in order to make
certain proteins. Where are the protein-synthesizing instructions
stored on a DNA molecule? A. The deoxyribose portion of certain
genes code for the production of certain proteins. B. Every gene on
certain chromosomes code for the production of different kinds of
uracil, which then promotes protein synthesis. C. The nucleotides
of certain genes code for the production of specific proteins. D.
The phosphate group in a strand of DNA codes for the production of
amino acids.
Slide 7
DNA contains all the information a cell needs in order to make
certain proteins. Where are the protein-synthesizing instructions
stored on a DNA molecule? Answer: C A genes instructions for making
a protein are coded in the sequence of nucleotides in the gene. The
instructions for making a protein are transferred from a gene to an
RNA molecule during transcription. Amino acids are joined together
into specific proteins during translation. This process is known as
gene expression.
Slide 8
When a cell needs a particular protein synthesized, messenger
RNA (mRNA) is produced from DNA through transcription. How is
genetic information stored in mRNA? A. As amino acids B. As codons
C. As ribose D. As uracil
Slide 9
When a cell needs a particular protein synthesized, messenger
RNA (mRNA) is produced from DNA through transcription. How is
genetic information stored in mRNA? Answer: B RNA information is
stored in an RNA molecule as a series of three-nucleotide sequences
on the mRNA called codons. Each codon along the mRNA strand
corresponds to an amino acid or signifies a start or stop signal
for translation.
Slide 10
In DNA, the structure and size of the four nitrogen bases
allows only for one kind of base to pair with one other kind. This
is called the base-pairing rule. Which of the following shows how
bases pair in complementary strands of DNA? A. A-A and T-T B. A-T
and C-G C. A-G and T-C D. A-C and T-G
Slide 11
In DNA, the structure and size of the four nitrogen bases
allows only for one kind of base to pair with one other kind. This
is called the base-pairing rule. Which of the following shows how
bases pair in complementary strands of DNA? Answer: B Adenine (A)
forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) forms
three hydrogen bonds with guanine (G). The hydrogen bonds between
the bases keep the two strands of DNA together.
Slide 12
A molecule of DNA is "packaged" and carried by a larger
molecule called a __________. A. Gene B. Dipold C. Chromosome D.
Vacuole
Slide 13
A molecule of DNA is "packaged" and carried by a larger
molecule called a __________. Answer: C A molecule of DNA is
"packaged" and carried by a larger molecule called a chromosome. In
a chromosome, a single strand of DNA is wound and coiled many times
around a variety of proteins. In this way, a chromosome functions
as a method of "packaging" the DNA, which would be extremely long
if it existed as an independent strand (if the DNA in a human cell
were stretched out, it would be about 6 feet long!).
Slide 14
Which of the following is true about genes? A. The genes of a
particular organism can never change throughout its lifetime. B. In
humans, genes are passed to an offspring from two parents. C. Genes
are made up of smaller molecules known as chromosomes. D. Genes are
responsible for all the traits of an organism.
Slide 15
Which of the following is true about genes? Answer: B In humans
and many other sexually-reproducing organisms, genes are passed to
an offspring from two parents. Half of a child's genetic
information comes from his/her mother and the other half comes from
his/her father. Genes are not responsible for all the traits of an
organism. Some of the traits of an organism are a result of
environmental factors, such as diet, for example. Genes are
responsible for all the inherited traits of an organism. The genes
of a particular organism can change throughout its lifetime. Such a
change is known as a mutation. Genes are not made up of
chromosomes. Chromosomes are made up of genes.
Slide 16
An allele is one of the alternative forms of a gene that
governs a trait. If a fern plant is heterozygous for a particular
trait, how can the alleles that control that trait be described? A.
One dominant, one recessive B. Two dominant recessive C. Three
recessive, one dominant D. Two recessive
Slide 17
An allele is one of the alternative forms of a gene that
governs a trait. If a fern plant is heterozygous for a particular
trait, how can the alleles that control that trait be described?
Answer: A If the two alleles of a particular gene present in an
individual are the same, the individual is said to be homozygous.
If the alleles of a particular gene present in an individual are
different, the individual is heterozygous for that trait.
Slide 18
Select the choice that best completes the following sentence: A
normal human has a total of ___ chromosomes: ___ chromosomes come
from the mother and ___ chromosomes come from the father. A. 50,
25, 25 B. 46, 23, 23 C. 23, 12, 11 D. 92, 46, 46
Slide 19
Select the choice that best completes the following sentence: A
normal human has a total of ___ chromosomes: ___ chromosomes come
from the mother and ___ chromosomes come from the father. Answer: B
A normal human has a total of 46 chromosomes: 23 chromosomes come
from the mother and 23 come from the father
Slide 20
A female rabbit had five offspring in one litter. Two of the
five baby rabbits were able to survive into adulthood. Why are some
animals more likely to survive to adulthood than other animals? A.
They are able to sense and respond to their environment better. B.
They are able to avoid adaptation better. C. They are able to
evolve faster than the other animals. D. They are able to have more
offspring than other animals.
Slide 21
A female rabbit had five offspring in one litter. Two of the
five baby rabbits were able to survive into adulthood. Why are some
animals more likely to survive to adulthood than other animals?
Answer: A The survival of an organism depends on its ability to
sense and respond to its external environment. Adaptations help an
organism respond successfully to its environment. If an organism is
able to survive into adulthood, it will be able to have offspring
and pass on its genes.
Slide 22
What is the smallest particle of an element? A. Mixture B.
Compound C. Molecule D. Atom
Slide 23
What is the smallest particle of an element? Answer: D An atom
is the smallest part of an element that still has all the
properties of the element.
Slide 24
Which subatomic particle has the greatest mass? A. Proton B.
Neutron C. Ion D. Electron
Slide 25
Which subatomic particle has the greatest mass? Answer: B The
neutron is the subatomic particle with the greatest mass. A proton
has about 99% of the mass of a neutron and an electron is about
0.054 as massive as a neutron.
Slide 26
The nucleus of an atom consists of _____ A. protons and
electrons B. Neutrons and electrons C. protons and neutrons D.
neutrons alone
Slide 27
The nucleus of an atom consists of _____ Answer: C The nucleus
of an atom contains protons and neutrons. Electrons are found
outside of an atoms nucleus.
Slide 28
The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom is its _____. A.
charge B. atomic energy C. atomic number D. atomic mass
Slide 29
The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom is its _____
Answer: D An element's atomic mass is the sum of the protons and
neutrons in the nucleus of one atom of the element.
Slide 30
The atomic mass of Silver (Ag) is 107 and the atomic number of
silver is 47. How many neutrons does a neutral atom of Silver
contain? A.24 B. 47 C. 107 D. 60
Slide 31
The atomic mass of Silver (Ag) is 107 and the atomic number of
silver is 47. How many neutrons does a neutral atom of Silver
contain? Answer: D The atomic mass of an element is equal to the
number of protons plus the average number of neutrons found in a
neutral atom. An elements atomic number is equal to the number of
protons an element contains. Accordingly, the number of neutrons in
a neutral atom of Silver can be calculated as the atomic mass minus
the atom number. 107 minus 47 is equal to 60.
Slide 32
If an atom has 17 protons, 16 neutrons, and 20 electrons, what
is the atom's electrical charge? A.+4 B. +1 C. -3 D. -1
Slide 33
If an atom has 17 protons, 16 neutrons, and 20 electrons, what
is the atom's electrical charge? Answer: C Each proton has a charge
of (+1), each electron has a charge of (-1), and each neutron has a
neutral charge. Add up the charges in the atom: 17 + (-20) =
-3
Slide 34
The chemical combination of two or more elements in fixed
amounts is called a _____. A.mixture. B. compound C. ion D.
element
Slide 35
The chemical combination of two or more elements in fixed
amounts is called a _____. Answer: B The chemical combination of
two or more elements is called a compound.
Slide 36
Two negatively charged ions react and a compound is formed. The
compound has ____ bonding. A.ionic B. metallic C. covalent D.
regular
Slide 37
Two negatively charged ions react and a compound is formed. The
compound has ____ bonding. Answer: C Covalent bonding occurs when
two atoms share electrons. Electrons are shared between negatively
charged ions.
Slide 38
Which element would form a covalent bond when reacted with
oxygen? A.magnesium B. sulfur C. iron D. lead
Slide 39
Which element would form a covalent bond when reacted with
oxygen? Answer: B Covalent bonds form when two negative ions share
electrons. Oxygen and sulfur are both negative ions and would form
a compound with covalent bonding. The other compounds would have
ionic bonding, where electrons would be transferred to the oxygen
atom.
Slide 40
Which compound has ionic bonding? A.Cl2 B. NO2 C. CaO D.
HF
Slide 41
Which compound has ionic bonding? Answer: C Ionic bonding
occurs between a positively charged ion and a negatively charged
ion, with electrons transferred between atoms. In this case, Ca2+
is a positive ion and donates two electrons to the negative O2-
ion. This creates an ionic bond. The other three compounds have
covalent bonds, with electrons shared between negative ions.
Slide 42
Density refers to a physical property that is measured using a
ratio of _______ divided by _______ so that two objects of the same
size can still have very different density. A.height, width B.
Weight, height C. concentration, mass D. mass, volume
Slide 43
Density refers to a physical property that is measured using a
ratio of _______ divided by _______ so that two objects of the same
size can still have very different density. Answer: D Density is a
measure of how much matter is packed into an object of its size.
Density = mass (amount of matter in an object) divided by volume
(the total amount of space a substance occupies).
Slide 44
Which of the following items best embodies the physical
property of conductivity? A. A diamond that is not easily
scratched. B.A copper penny that easily transmits electricity. C.A
teak log that has a large amount of mass for its volume. D.A white
cotton shirt that reflects all wavelengths of light.
Slide 45
Which of the following items best embodies the physical
property of conductivity? Answer: B Copper has a high conductivity
and electricity travels through it well. Diamonds, wood, and fabric
have low conductivity.
Slide 46
The Mohs scale, which distinguishes a minerals resistance to
being scratched, measures which physical property of substances?
A.Concentration B. Ductility C. Hardness D. Conductivity
Slide 47
The Mohs scale, which distinguishes a minerals resistance to
being scratched, measures which physical property of substances?
Answer: C The Mohs scale is a hardness scale used to distinguish
one mineral from one another. The scale ranges from the soft, easy
to scratch talc at 1 to the extremely hard diamond at 10. The
higher the number, the harder the mineral is to scratch.
Slide 48
Which of the following materials has the highest ductility? A.A
diamond B. A piece of copper C. A marble D. A piece of wood
Slide 49
Which of the following materials has the highest ductility?
Answer: B Ductility is a measure of how easily a substance is
elongated, stretched, or otherwise permanently changed in shape
without breaking. Copper is the only substance mentioned which can
be easily elongated and stretched to form a wire.
Slide 50
Newton's _______ Law of Motion states that "An object at rest
tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in
motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted
upon by an unbalanced force." A.Third B. Second C. First D.
Fourth
Slide 51
Newton's _______ Law of Motion states that "An object at rest
tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in
motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted
upon by an unbalanced force." Answer: C An object in motion with
the same speed and in the same direction has constant velocity. In
order for an object to change its velocity, or accelerate, a force
must act on it. Thus, Newton's first law tells us that acceleration
and force are related. 1st law - tells us that acceleration and
force are related 2nd law - tells us how acceleration and force are
related 3rd law - tells us that all forces come in pairs
Slide 52
Newton's _______ Law of Motion states that "For every action
there is an equal and opposite reaction." A.First B. Third C.
Second D. Fourth
Slide 53
Newton's _______ Law of Motion states that "For every action
there is an equal and opposite reaction." Answer: B Newton's third
law indicates that every force must have an equal and opposite
force or all forces come in pairs. 1st law - tells us that
acceleration and force are related 2nd law - tells us how
acceleration and force are related 3rd law - tells us that all
forces come in pairs
Slide 54
Newton's _______ Law of Motion states that "The acceleration of
an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to
the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net
force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object."
A.Third B. First C. Fourth D. Second
Slide 55
Newton's _______ Law of Motion states that "The acceleration of
an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to
the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net
force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object."
Answer: D Newton's second law tells us that acceleration is
produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the
object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed
(to accelerate the object). The second law gives us an exact
relationship between force, mass, and accelerationForce = Mass x
Acceleration 1st law - tells us that acceleration and force are
related 2nd law - tells us how acceleration and force are related
3rd law - tells us that all forces come in pairs
Slide 56
A crate is at rest on the ground. What force or forces are
acting on the crate? A. The weight of the crate is acting downward
on the crate. B.The ground is exerting a force equal to the weight
of the crate upward on the crate. C.The weight of the crate is
acting downward on the ground and the ground is exerting a force
equal to the weight of the crate upward on the crate. D.There are
no forces acting on the crate.
Slide 57
A crate is at rest on the ground. What force or forces are
acting on the crate? Answer: C According to Newtons first law of
motion for the crate to remain at rest, the net force acting on the
crate must be zero.
Slide 58
An object with a mass of 11.3 kg experiences a force of 20.34
N. What is the acceleration of the object? A.18.54 m/s2 B. 2.3 m/s2
C. 1.8 m/s2 D. 1.4 m/s2
Slide 59
An object with a mass of 11.3 kg experiences a force of 20.34
N. What is the acceleration of the object? Answer: C Newton's
second law of motion indicates that Force = Mass x Acceleration.
Rearrange the equation to solve for acceleration. Acceleration =
Force Mass = 20.34 N 11.3 kg = 1.8 m/s2
Slide 60
Luke and Carrie are driving down a straight section of the
interstate at 65 mph in Luke's new convertible. Carrie is drinking
a soda in the passenger seat. When she is done she tosses the
bottle straight up in the air. What will happen to the bottle if
air resistance is neglected? A. The bottle will land on the
interstate in front of the car. B.The bottle will land on the
interstate behind the car. C.The bottle will land in Carrie's lap.
D.Not enough information given.
Slide 61
Luke and Carrie are driving down a straight section of the
interstate at 65 mph in Luke's new convertible. Carrie is drinking
a soda in the passenger seat. When she is done she tosses the
bottle straight up in the air. What will happen to the bottle if
air resistance is neglected? Answer: C According to Newtons First
Law of Motion, the bottle will tend to remain in motion with the
same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force. If air resistance is neglected, then there are no
unbalanced forces acting on the bottle and the bottle will continue
to move at the same rate as the car.
Slide 62
A man drops a baseball off of the top of the Empire State
Building. If the action force is the pull of the Earth on the ball,
then what is the reaction force? A.Air resistance acting on the
ball B. There is no reaction force C. The pull of the ball on the
Earth D. Gravity
Slide 63
A man drops a baseball off of the top of the Empire State
Building. If the action force is the pull of the Earth on the ball,
then what is the reaction force? Answer: C Newton's third law of
motion states that "For every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction." If the Earth pulls on the ball, then the ball pulls on
the Earth.
