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Science AHSGE
Content Standard III-3, part 1- Invertebrates
The Animal Kingdom Multicellular with true
tissues Specialized eukaryotic
cells Muscular/nervous systems
unique to animals Have their own means of
locomotion Consumers- ingest food 1,326,239 classified
species 9,812,298 total species
Invertebrate vs. Vertebrate Invertebrates- Animals
lacking a backbone1. Phylum Porifera
2. Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata
3. Phylum Nematoda
4. Phylum Platyhelminthes
5. Phylum Annelida
6. Phylum Mollusca
7. Phylum Echinodermata
8. Phylum Arthropoda
Vertebrates- Animals with a true backbone
• Phylum Chordata
1. Classes Agnatha, Osteichthyes, and Chondrichthyes
2. Class Amphibia
3. Class Reptilia
4. Class Aves
5. Class Mammalia
PHYLUM PORIFERA Sponges
Asymmetrical- no symmetry Covered with tiny openings, or pores, called ostia Larger openings are called oscula Sponges are sessile Bodies completely lack symmetry Skeleton made of spicules (endoskeleton) Asexual reproduction (budding);Internal fertilization
(sexual)
Phylum Porifera
Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata This phylum includes:
Jellyfish Hydra Coral (Calcium carbonate exoskeleton) Characteristics:
Radial symmetry Medusa- Free-floating, umbrella-shaped body (Lack
skeleton) Polyp- Sessile, tube-like body Tentacles- Arm-like projections covered in stinging cells
(cnidocytes/nematocysts) Asexual rep. (budding);External fertilization (Sexual)
Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata Hydra (Top)
Jellyfish (Bottom)
Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata
Coral
Phylum Platyhelmithes Flatworms
Liver Flukes, Planaria and tapeworms Marine flatworms Characteristics:
Ribbon-like bodies Bilateral symmetry Branched digestive system No skeleton Asexual (fission); Hermaphrodites (sexual) Free movement Skin breathing
Phylum Platyhelmithes Tapeworm
Planaria
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Liver fluke
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Marine flatworm
Phylum Nematoda Roundworms
Ascaris, Trichinella and hookworms Characteristics:
Flattened bodies Bilateral symmetry Many are parasites Fluid-filled body cavity called a pseudocoelem Digestive tube No skeleton Sexual reproduction (Internal fertilization) Free movement Skin breathinig
Phylum Nematoda Ascaris
Trichinella
Trichinosis Trichinella spiralis is
found in pork Trichinosis is a disease
caused by the Trichinella worm. Eggs hatch in the host’s
gut Symptoms:
Diarrhea Fever Muscle pain Death
Hookworms Hookworms attach to
the inside of the digestive tract
Often found in pets
Phylum Annelida Segmented worms
Crop and gizzard digestion Bilateral symmetry Internal fertilization (sexual) Hydrostatic endoskeleton Muscular movement Skin breathing Leeches
Used to be used in medicine to clean blood Earthworms
Benefits: Aerate the soil Provide nutrients to the soil
Phylum Annelida Earthworm
Leech
Phylum Annelida Marine segmented
worm
Phylum Echinodermata Marine animals Radial symmetry Endoskeleton of ossicles Water-vascular system for movement Spicules- spike-like projections Tube feet- suction cups External fertilization (sexual)
Phylum Echinodermata Types of Echinoderms:
Sand dollars Sea urchins Sea cucumbers Sea stars (starfish)
Phylum Echinodermata Sea Urchin
Sea star (starfish)
Phylum Echinodermata Sand dollar
Sea cucumber
Phylum Mollusca Soft-bodied animals Bilateral symmetry Visceral mass- Central mass containing organs Mantle- Outer layer of the body No skeleton Radula- Tongue-like organ Foot (Pseudopodium)- Used for locomotion Many have a shell to protect the soft body
Univalve- One-part shell Bivalve- Two-part shell
Sexual (external and internal fertilization)
Phylum Mollusca Types of Molluscs
Oysters Clams Mussells Snails Octopus Squid
Phylum Mollusca Oysters
Clams
Phylum Mollusca Mussells
Phylum Mollusca Snail
Octopus Ink- chemical
defense
Phylum Mollusca
Squid
Phylum Arthropoda Animals with:
Exoskeleton Bilateral symmetry Jointed legs- Bendable Compound eyes- Many lenses Molting- shedding exoskeleton to grow Malpighian tubules: function much like kidneys/silk Segmented bodies
Head Thorax Abdomen Cephalothorax- fused head and thorax
External and internal fertilization
Phylum Arthropoda Class Crustacea- Five pairs of legs Class Insecta- Three pairs of legs Class Arachnida- Four pairs of legs Class Chilopoda- One pair of legs per
segment Class Diploda- Two pair of legs per
segment
Class Crustacea
Barnacle Alaskan King Crab
Class Crustacea
Lobster Shrimp
Class Crustacea Crawfish
Crayfish
Class Insecta Ant
Cricket
Class Insecta Grasshopper
Societal insects(Hierarchy):
Ants, bees, wasps, hornets, and termites
Division of labor Castes- Roles played
by individuals
Class Insecta Left- Fly
Right- Hornet
Metamorphosis
Complete metamorphosis- Adult lays eggs, eggs hatch into a larvae, larvae develops into a pupa and surrounds itself with a chrysalis/cocoon and emerges as an adult
Incomplete metamorphosis- Eggs hatch into a nymph and grow into an adult.
Class Arachnida Black widow
House spider
Class Arachnida Brown recluse
Brown recluse bite
Class Arachnida
Scorpion
Class Chilopoda
Centipede
Class Diploda Millipede