Science and Economy Profile in Republic Serbia

dr Velimir Petrovidr Velimir Petrović,ć, InstitutInstitutee IMR IMR

ddr Stana Petović,r Stana Petović, Ministry of Science and Technological Development

Science and Economy Profile in Republic Serbia

ERA INDICATORS AND WBC 02-03 October 2008.

Profile of west Balkan countries

• Albania• BH• Montenegro• Croatia• FRY Macedona• Serbia

Ministry of Science and Technological DevelopmentMinistry of Science and Technological DevelopmentRepublic SerbiaRepublic Serbia

http://www.westbalkanresearch.net/doks/researchlandscapeoverview_montenegro.pdf

http://www.westbalkanresearch.net/doks/researchlandscapeoverview_fyrom.pdf

http://www.westbalkanresearch.net/doks/researchlandscapeoverview_albania.pdf

http://www.westbalkanresearch.net/doks/researchlandscapeoverview_serbia.pdf

http://www.westbalkanresearch.net/doks/researchlandscapeoverview_bosnia-herzegovina.pdf

http://www.westbalkanresearch.net/doks/researchlandscapeoverview_croatia.pdf


Profile of Western Balkan countries

SerbiaPopulation: 10.16 million with APKosmetGDP (PPP): 77.28 bil. USDGDP (current): 41.685 bil. USDGDP groth rate: 7.3%GDP (PPP) per capita: 10.400 USDGDP by sector:

agriculture 12.3%industry 24.2%services 63.5%

Unemployment: 18.8% Bellow poverty limit: 6.5%Inflation rate: 6.8%Investments (gross): 20.1% od GDPPublic debt: 37% od GDPBalance: -6.89 miliona. USDExport: 8.24 bil. USDImport: 18.35 bil. USDExternal debt: 26.94 bil. USD /2008/

Izvor: CIA the World Factbook 2008

GDP (PPP)

billion USD

GDP (official

exchange rate) USD

GDP real

growth rate

%

GDP (PPP)

USD per capita

AlbaniaAlbania 19.92 10.62 66 6.3006.300

Bosnia and Bosnia and HercegovinaHercegovina

27.7327.73 14.7314.73 5.85.8 70007000

MontenegroMontenegro 5.925.92 2.952.95 7.57.5 38003800

CroatiaCroatia 68.9868.98 51.3651.36 5.85.8 15.50015.500

FRYFRYMacedonijaMacedonija

17.3517.35 7.57.5 55 8.5008.500

SerbiaSerbia 77.2877.28 41.6941.69 7.37.3 10.40010.400

Economic Indicators








Agriculture Industry Services

AlbanijaAlbanija 21.2 20.1 58.758.7

Bosna andBosna andhercegovinahercegovina

10.210.2 23.323.3 66.166.1

MontenegroMontenegro >80>80

CroatiaCroatia 7.27.2 31.631.6 6161

FRYFRYMacedoniaMacedonia

11.911.9 28.228.2 5959

SerbiaSerbia 12.312.3 24.224.2 63.563.5

GDP composition by sector (%)

Economy Indicators








Agriculture industri Services

AlbaniaAlbania 58 15 2727

Bosna andBosna andHercegovinaHercegovina

-- -- --

MontenegroMontenegro 22 3030 6868

CroatiaCroatia 2.72.7 32.832.8 64.564.5


19.619.6 30.430.4 5050

SERBIASERBIA 3030 4646 2424

Economic Indicators

Labor force – by occupation (%):








Unemployment

Population below powerty

line

Inflation rate

AlbanijaAlbanija 13/official rate 30 %

25 2.72.7

Bosna iBosna ihercegovinahercegovina

45.545.5 2525 1.31.3

MontenegoMontenego 14.714.7 77 3.43.4

CroatiaCroatia 11.811.8 1111 2.92.9

FRY FRY MacedoniaMacedonia

3535 29.829.8 2.32.3

SERBIASERBIA 18.818.8 6.56.5 6.86.8

Economic Indicators

“Black” Indicators (%)








INVESTMENT

% GDP

Public dept

% GDP

Current account balance

Million USD

AlbaniaAlbania 23.3 52.5 - 877- 877

Bosnia andBosnia andHercegovinaHercegovina

23.323.3 n.a.n.a. - 1.920- 1.920

MontenegroMontenegro 30.530.5 3838 n.a.n.a.

CroatiaCroatia 30.930.9 47.347.3 - 4.385- 4.385


17.717.7 30.830.8 - 202- 202

SerbiaSerbia 20.120.1 3737 - 6.890- 6.890

Indicators of economy I

Economic Indicators








Exsportsbilion USD

ImportsbilionUSD

Debt external

bilionUSD

AlbaniaAlbania 1.09 3.89 1.551.55

Bosnia and Bosnia and HercegovinaHercegovina

4.244.24 9.959.95 6.706.70

MontenegroMontenegro 0.170.17 0.610.61 0.6500.650

CroatiaCroatia 12.0212.02 26.5426.54 45.2945.29


3.353.35 4.984.98 3.973.97

SerbiaSerbia 8.248.24 18.3518.35 26.2426.24

Economic Indicators

Indicators of economy II








ElectricitybillionkWh

Oilbillion

bbl/day

Natural gas

millioncub. m

AlbaniaAlbania 5.39 7 066 2929


12.2212.22 -- --

MontenegroMontenegro 2.862.86 -- --

CroatiaCroatia 11.9911.99 27 19027 190 1 4471 447


6.056.05 -- --

SerbiaSerbia 33.8733.87 14 66014 660 650650

Energy production:

Economic Indicators


Telephone

thousends

Radio

km

TV

km

Internet

thousends users

AlbaniaAlbania 354 60 3+623+62 471471


989989 2626 3333 950950

MontenegroMontenegro 354354 3131 1313 266266

CroatiaCroatia 1 8321 832 117117 3636 1 5861 586

FRYFRYMacedonijaMacedonija

491491 8282 5252 268268

SerbiaSerbia 2 7192 719 153153 4747 1 4001 400

Communications

Economic Indicators








SCIENCE AND TECHOLOGY POLICY IN REPUBLIC SERBIASCIENCE AND TECHOLOGY POLICY IN REPUBLIC SERBIA

Situacion 2000. Situacion 2000.

• Recent R&D have no impact onto economy and Recent R&D have no impact onto economy and society in Serbia.society in Serbia.

• There has not been stable public funding of research There has not been stable public funding of research institutes.institutes.

• There has not been world-class research by a large There has not been world-class research by a large portion of researchers and institutions.portion of researchers and institutions.

• There has not been continuous and stable S&T There has not been continuous and stable S&T policy. policy.

• There have not been research focus and priorities There have not been research focus and priorities between different scientific disciplines.between different scientific disciplines.

• Funding of R&D has been low and research Funding of R&D has been low and research conditions are inappropriate.conditions are inappropriate.

• The brain drain problem has been very high.The brain drain problem has been very high.

• International research collaboration almost does not International research collaboration almost does not exist.exist.

2006.: - GERD as % of GDP: 0,46% - GOVERD as % GDP: 0,36%

Current situation in funding system

Sources: Republublical Office of Statistic, 2006.

Structure of S&T expenditures:

• by the business sector: 0.06 % GDP

• by the public sector : 0.36 % GDP

• other: 0.03 % GDP

Government sector (GOV: MS,MHE,Other ministries)

Business sector(BES)

Private non profit sector(PNP)

Republic of Serbia Republic of Serbia Ministry of ScienceMinistry of Science and Technologcal Development and Technologcal Development

Republic of Serbia Republic of Serbia

Ministry of ScienceMinistry of Science

0 1 2 3 4 5

Sweden

Finland

J apan

Denmark

US

Germany

Austia

Belgium

France

EU-25

UK

Netherlands

Luxembourg

Slovenia

China

Czech r.

Italy

Ireland

Spain

Hungary

Portugal

Estonia

Lithuania

Greece

Slovakia

Poland

Serbia

Latvia

Cyprus

GERD as % of GDP

R&D Intensity, 2007.

R&D policy – main objectives• to increase investments in R&D to 1.10% GDP...... by 2012

Mill. Mill. €€% %

GDPGDP

2007.2007. 101.4101.4 0.340.34

2008.2008. 107.0107.0 0.310.31

2009.2009. 231.0231.0 0.600.60

2010.2010. 343.0343.0 0.800.80

2011.2011. 476.0476.0 1.001.00

2012.2012. 578.0578.0 1.101.10

Budget for R&D (GOVERD)

Plan

Researchers in Serbia 2006.:Researchers in Serbia 2006.:

No of R&D No of R&D organizationsorganizations

No of No of researchers researchers

Faculties (at 6 universities)Faculties (at 6 universities)7766 (47%) (47%) 8.9028.902

(7(73,703,70%)%)

Research institutesResearch institutes5577 (34%) (34%) 2.7202.720

(2(22.522.52%)%)

Industrial institutes and R&D Industrial institutes and R&D unitsunits 3300 (19%) (19%) 457 457 ( (3.783.78%)%)

TotalTotal 163163 12.07912.079

Sources: Republublical Office of Statistic, 2007.


The staticalal S&RD Indicators for 2006.

Sources: Republublical Office of Statistic,

2007.

No. of No. of institutionsinstitutions

No. of No. of researchersresearchers

Share (%)Share (%)

Natural Natural sciencescience

2323 2.1172.117 17.5217.52

Engineering Engineering and and

technologytechnology

4949 3.3623.362 27.8327.83

Agricultural Agricultural sciencescience

2121 980980 8.118.11

Medical Medical sciencescience

1313 2.3002.300 19.4119.41

Social scienceSocial science 3535 1.9711.971 16.3216.32

HumanitiesHumanities 1717 1.2501.250 10.3510.35

MultidisciplinaMultidisciplinar r

55 5757 0.470.47

TOTALTOTAL 163163 12.07912.079 100100

Institutions and researchers by field of science



New S&T policyNew S&T policy Science Law was change to enable formation of new

programs devoted at economic and technologic development of the country

These programs are: program of fundamental researches program of technologic development national program for biotechnology national program on energy efficiency

New regulations and criteria are adopted for research funding from public source, as well as new system of financial support.

External evaluation of proposed research program was introduced.


The new S&T policy has the following The new S&T policy has the following basic components:basic components:

1. Scientific basic research that generates new knowledge and develop new scientists and knowledge workers.

2. Applied research and development that generates new technology and prototypes of innovative products and develops innovators and inventors.

3. Transfer of knowledge and technology into market. 4. Innovative products supported by efficient and

productive production processes or services.5. A global business and product development

collaboration, as well as the competitiveness of global collaboration.

Ostalo*0.6%

Istorija, arheolog. i etnolog.

8.2% Geo nauke i astronomija

4.8%

Biologija12%

Fizika10.1%

Hemija16.7%

Medicina12.1%

J ezik i književnost7.1%

Društvene nauke19.6%

Matematika i mehanika

8%

OSNOVNA ISTRAŽIVANJA

Broj istraživač meseci projekata po oblastima u 2008. god

* Ostalo = Elektronika i telekomunikacije, Materijali i hemijske tehnologije i Primenjena istraživanja u prirodnim naukama Ukupno: 40.266 I.M.

Društvene nauke12.6%J ezik i književnost

5.6%

Medicina21.2%

Hemija15.6%

Fizika9.2%

Biologija12%

Geo nauke i astronomija

4.6%

Istorija, arheolog. i etnolog.

9.4%

Matematika imehanika

8.8%

Ostalo*0.8%

OSNOVNA ISTRAŽIVANJA

Broj projekata po oblastima u 2008. god

* Ostalo = Elektronika i telekomunikacije, Materijali i hemijske tehnologije i Primenjena istraživanja u prirodnim naukama

Ukupno: 500 projekata

Jezik i književnost

6.6%

Društvene nauke

17.9%

Biologija

16%Matematika i

mehanika6%

Ostalo*

0.6%Fizika

12.4%

Hemija

16.5%

Istorija, arheolog. i

etnolog.9.1% Geo nauke i

astronomija4.7%

Medicina

9.8%

OSNOVNA ISTRAŽIVANJASredstva projekata po oblastima u 2008. god

* Ostalo = Elektronika i telekomunikacije, Materijali i hemijske tehnologije i Primenjena istraživanja u prirodnim naukama

Ukupno: 2.565.443.618 dinara


Financial support to the projects in basic researches – 2008.

Technology Development Program:Technology Development Program: This programs aims to support local companies to develop or implement This programs aims to support local companies to develop or implement

new technologies in order to improve their competitiveness on the new technologies in order to improve their competitiveness on the global market. This program provides grants and loans to companies to global market. This program provides grants and loans to companies to engage experts from universities and institutes in their development engage experts from universities and institutes in their development projects. The areas covered are: information technology, electronics projects. The areas covered are: information technology, electronics and electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, construction and electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, construction industry and civil engineering, biotechnology etc. Priority topics are industry and civil engineering, biotechnology etc. Priority topics are specified, but one of the most relevant selection criteria is the financial specified, but one of the most relevant selection criteria is the financial participation of companies in their projects. participation of companies in their projects.

There are few specific programs or sub-programs that are addressing There are few specific programs or sub-programs that are addressing specific problems:specific problems:

• National programs National programs comprise research and other types of projects and comprise research and other types of projects and activities aiming to solve important national problems. Currently, the activities aiming to solve important national problems. Currently, the following national programs have been launched:following national programs have been launched:– Energy Efficiency National ProgramEnergy Efficiency National Program, aiming to significantly reduce energy , aiming to significantly reduce energy

losses everywhere and to substitute electric energy for heating with other losses everywhere and to substitute electric energy for heating with other energy sources (such as biomasses, gas). energy sources (such as biomasses, gas).

– Biotechnology and Agro Industry National ProgramBiotechnology and Agro Industry National Program, aiming to produce a , aiming to produce a group of food products for global markets and build their bread names. group of food products for global markets and build their bread names.


NPBTN

Osnovne nauke

NPEE

Techn. develmentOtchert

4,1%

59,3%

5,0%

26,1%5,5%

ELEKTR-TEL

IND. SOFTW..

MASIN

Transpo

URB.GRADJ

ENERG

MATER

BIOTEH

Ukupno:4.997 mil. din Teh. razvoj: 2.142 mil. din.

Public expenditure for technological development

by field of science

in 2007


Nac.program energ.

efikasnosti7.0%

Informacione tehnologije

4.1%

Energetska efiksnost

5.8%

Biotehnika24.9%

Materijali i hemijske

tehnologije9.6%

Energetske tehnologije i

rudarstvo5.8%

Urbanizam i građevinarstvo

5.5%

Saobraćaj4.9%

Mašinstvo10.0%

Industrijski softver

3.0%

Elektronika i telekomunikacije

6.8%

Prim. istraž. u prirodnim naukama

4.9%

Uređenje, zaštita i korišćenje voda

3.2%

Zaštita životne sredine

4.5%

TEHNOLOŠKI RAZVOJ

Broj projekata u 2008 god. - Ukupno 469

Zaštita životne sredine

3.6%


3.5%


2.1%


8.7%


2.9%Mašinstvo7.5% Saobraćaj

4.7%


5.5%


rudarstvo5.7%


tehnologije7.7%

Biotehnika37.1%


3.8%Informacione tehnologije

2.8%Nac.program

energ. efikasnosti

4.2%

TEHNOLOŠKI RAZVOJ

Broj istraživač meseci projekata u 2008 god. - Ukupno 31.396 I.M.

Financial support to technological development -2008.

Nac.program energ.

efikasnosti3.8%

Informacione tehnologije

2.3%


3.7%

Biotehnika40.6%


tehnologije8.6%


rudarstvo5.7%


4.5%

Saobraćaj3.9%

Mašinstvo6.9%


2.1%


8.9%


2.1%


3.4%Zaštita životne

sredine3.6%

TEHNOLOŠKI RAZVOJ

Sredstva projekata u 2008 god. - Ukupno 2.672.105.596 dinara


• International Research Collaboration Program:International Research Collaboration Program: This program provides grants This program provides grants to local research organizations having projects that are parts of international to local research organizations having projects that are parts of international bilateral or multilateral collaboration projects.bilateral or multilateral collaboration projects.

• Knowledge and Technology Transfer Program:Knowledge and Technology Transfer Program: The program supports The program supports development of science and technology parks, incubators and innovation development of science and technology parks, incubators and innovation centers for knowledge-based and technology-oriented companies in order to centers for knowledge-based and technology-oriented companies in order to provide stimulating environments for local and foreign companies.provide stimulating environments for local and foreign companies.

• R&D Facility and Infrastructure Upgrade Program:R&D Facility and Infrastructure Upgrade Program: This program provides This program provides grants to universities and research institutes to upgrade their laboratory grants to universities and research institutes to upgrade their laboratory equipment. equipment.

• Communication Network and Computers Upgrade Program:Communication Network and Computers Upgrade Program: The program aims The program aims to build and maintain the Academic Internet Network and LANs that connect to build and maintain the Academic Internet Network and LANs that connect all R&D institutions in Serbia and provide international links to Internet.all R&D institutions in Serbia and provide international links to Internet.

• Development of Researchers Program:Development of Researchers Program: Provides support for participation to Provides support for participation to international conferences, study trips, and scholarships for postdoc fellows, international conferences, study trips, and scholarships for postdoc fellows, PhD and MSc students. PhD and MSc students.

• Purchasing of Research Journals and Books for Libraries. Purchasing of Research Journals and Books for Libraries.

• Support of Local Scientific Conferences and Journals.Support of Local Scientific Conferences and Journals.

• Science and Technology Information Sourcing Program.Science and Technology Information Sourcing Program.

• Support of the Serbian Academy of Science and Art and Program Matice Support of the Serbian Academy of Science and Art and Program Matice Serbian Serbian

• Support of science and technology oriented organizationsSupport of science and technology oriented organizations..

Other programs:


Republic of Republic of Serbia Serbia Ministry of Ministry of ScienceScience

SANU, MS0.9%

Technology Development

Program30.0%

R&D Facility and Infrastructure Upgrade

Program8.6%

Research J ournals, Conferences and

Informations5.1%

Development of Researchers

Program2.5%

International Cooperation

Program1.2%

Knowledge and

Technology Transfer Program

0.4% Basic Research

Program50.9%

Others 0.4%

2004.

Public expenditure by programs:

The budzet for R&D in 2004.: 44.94 millions Euro

Basic Research Program37.2%

Knowledge and Technology Transfer

Program0.2%

International Cooperation

Program3.4%

Development of Researchers

Program2.8%

Research J ournals, Conferences and

Informations1.8%

R&D Facility and Infrastructure Upgrade

Program19.9% Technology

Development Program28.0%

SANU, MS1.3% Others

5.5%

2007.

International Research Collaboration ProgramInternational Research Collaboration ProgramInternational cooperation in R&DInternational cooperation in R&D::

International R&D collaboration is one of priorities of our International R&D collaboration is one of priorities of our RTD policy. Serbia participates in the FP5 , FP6 and FP7 RTD policy. Serbia participates in the FP5 , FP6 and FP7 programs of the EU as a West Balkan (INCO) country. programs of the EU as a West Balkan (INCO) country. Serbian researchers are also included in COST and Serbian researchers are also included in COST and EUREKA! activities. These programs allow Serbian EUREKA! activities. These programs allow Serbian researchers to have direct access to other research researchers to have direct access to other research centers and their research standards, which has a centers and their research standards, which has a positive feedback to the quality of research in Serbia.positive feedback to the quality of research in Serbia.

2001. 2002. 2003. 2004. 2005. 2006. 2007. 2008.*

Budget for R&D Programms

(mill.Din) mill. €*)

114219.12

185330.13

313245.85

354544.94

4643464356.056.0

6258625874.974.9

8314101.40

9051116.04

Budget for Iinternational cooperation

Programme (%)

1.88 1.42 0.98 1.21 2.722.72 3.893.89 3.18 11.01

* For 8 months in 2008.



Number of PatentsNumber of PatentsTotal number of valid Patents is: Total number of valid Patents is: - From the Republic of Serbia- 388 Patents;- From the Republic of Serbia- 388 Patents;- Foreign representatives - 600 Patents.- Foreign representatives - 600 Patents.

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Domestic 156 161 96 70 112 59 3 31 73 86

Foreign 518 350 186 133 137 49 - 11 58 93

Total 674 511 282 203 249 108 3 42 131 179

Patent activityPatent activity

Number of Little Patents

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Domestic 54 88 92 65 5 111 86 100

Foreign 0 2 1 2 0 1 3 0

Total 54 90 93 67 5 112 89 100

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2001-3* 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008**

Srbija Hrvatska Makedonija BiH Grna Gora Albanija

Ukupan broj naučnih radova

prosek do 25 avgusta

Number of scientific publications 2001- 2008


Conclusions:Conclusions:• Statistical presentation of the indicators in the field of Statistical presentation of the indicators in the field of

economy and science is very important for creation of economy and science is very important for creation of future policy and development of science in Serbia.future policy and development of science in Serbia.

• Unfortunately, existing data on financial support of Unfortunately, existing data on financial support of science in Serbia, are not reliable enough and frequently science in Serbia, are not reliable enough and frequently very contradictory.very contradictory.

• Science funding in Serbia is mainly from public support Science funding in Serbia is mainly from public support and participation of business sector is marginal and and participation of business sector is marginal and practically unknown.practically unknown.

• Ministry of science and technological development of Ministry of science and technological development of republic Serbia intend to icrease financial support to the republic Serbia intend to icrease financial support to the science and applied research with the main aim to reach science and applied research with the main aim to reach the level of this support to over 1% from GDP after 2010.the level of this support to over 1% from GDP after 2010.

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!!!!!

Ministry of Science and technological developmenthttp://www.mntr.sr.gov.yue-mail: [email protected]

Documents

Science and Economy Profile in Republic Serbia