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Science And EngineeringScience And Engineering
Chapter 1
Section 4
Checks for Understanding
• 0807.Inq.2 Identify tools and techniques needed to gather, organize, analyze, and interpret data collected from a moderately complex scientific investigation.
• 0807.T/E.3 Explore how the unintended consequences of new technologies can impact society.
• 0807.T/E.4 Research bioengineering technologies that advance health and contribute to improvements in our daily lives.
I can explain how science, technology, engineering and mathematics are related. I can identify ways that technology responds to social needs.I can identify ways that technology responds to political needs. I can identify ways that technology responds to economic needs. I can explain the engineering design process for developing new technologies. I can describe technology in terms of its intended benefits. I can describe technology in terms of its unintended consequences.
• QUIZ: What is TECHNOLOGY?– A space suit?
– The internet?
WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY?
• The application of knowledge, tools, and processes to solve practical problems and extend human capabilities.
– A newborn baby?–Grass? –An inoculation
against smallpox?–A hammer?--A chair?
How is TECHNOLOGY different than SCIENCE?
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
Technology is the application of
knowledge.
Science is the accumulation of
knowledge.
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY is the use of
knowledge to turn resources into the
goods and services that
society needs.
SCIENCE is the study of
WHY natural things happen the
way they do.
SCIENTIST TECHNOLOGIST
Use the materials in the earth to make useful objects.
Study how the earth was formed
and what it is made from.
SCIENTIST TECHNOLOGIST
Build and launch space shuttles and satellites.
Study the relationship between the
earth, planets, and the stars.
SCIENTIST TECHNOLOGIST
Technologists create new
materials with improved
characteristics.
Study materials under a microscope
to learn why they have the
characteristics that they do.
Except: Scientists can only
Except: Scientists can only
grow nanotubes an inch
grow nanotubes an inch
long! Check back in 20
long! Check back in 20
years!years!
Nanotubes can make
Nanotubes can make
electrical wires that
electrical wires that
don’t loose electricity
don’t loose electricity
through heat!
through heat!
SCIENTIST TECHNOLOGIST
Make artificial hearts and
limbs.
Discover the way the human body
works.
SCIENTIST TECHNOLOGIST
Use codes to develop new
medicines and vaccines.
Discover genetic codes that
determine the nature of life.
SCIENTISTS & TECHNOLOGISTSARE A TEAM!
ScientistsBiologists, chemists, and physicists are…
Architects, engineers, product designers and technicians are… Technologists
SCIENCE answers the question…
WHY?WHY?Why does
Why does
the heart the heart
beat?beat?
Why does Why does lighting lighting strike?
strike?Why do Why do
geese fly geese fly
south for the south for the
winter?winter?
Why is the
Why is the sun hot?
sun hot?
Why are Why are teenagers so teenagers so
moody?moody?
Why does this material release Why does this material release electricity when exposed to
electricity when exposed to the sun?the sun?
Why does this chemical Why does this chemical
react with this one? react with this one?
Why do we get Why do we get
cancer?cancer?
Why do we Why do we
age?age?
Why does Why does glass break?glass break?
Why do Why do
some people some people
struggle with struggle with
their weight?their weight?
Why do people from Asia Why do people from Asia look different from people
look different from people in South America?in South America?
Why does the moon
Why does the moon
look like cheese?look like cheese?
Why do we hear Why do we hear when someone when someone talks?talks?
Why do we Why do we have have
families?families?
Why is the Why is the average average global global
temperature temperature rising?rising?
Why do we have
Why do we have
earthquakes?
earthquakes?
TECHNOLOGY answers the question…
HOW?HOW?How can we
How can we
make an make an
artificial
artificial
heart?heart?
How can we
How can we avoid being
avoid being hit by hit by lighting?
lighting?How can we How can we
moniter gees moniter gees
flying south flying south
for the for the
winter?winter?
How can we
How can we protect protect ourselves
ourselves from the
from the sun?sun?
How can we How can we make make
teenagers teenagers less moody?less moody?
How can we make electricity How can we make electricity
with the sun?with the sun?How can we make a non-How can we make a non-
explosive gasoline? explosive gasoline?
How can we stop How can we stop
cancer?cancer?
How can How can
we stop we stop
aging?aging?
How can we How can we make an make an
unbreakable unbreakable glass?glass?
How can we How can we
stop stop
obesity?obesity?
How can we best How can we best transport people from transport people from Asia to South America?
Asia to South America?
How can we land on
How can we land on
the moon?the moon?
How can we help a
How can we help a deaf person to hear?
deaf person to hear?
How can we How can we create a home create a home for a family?for a family?
How can we How can we end global end global warming?warming?
How can we make How can we make
buildings buildings
earthquake-proof?earthquake-proof?
Engineering is the process of creating the technology
• Engineers use science and mathematics to create new technologies that serve human needs
Fix Broken Cars
Design Medical
Equipment
Build new wind
turbines
Design sport shoes
Create a sculpture
What do Engineers Do?List the ones you think apply
http://nsdl.org
Fix Broken Cars
Design Medical
Equipment
Build new wind
turbines
Design sport shoes
Create a sculpture
technician technician artisan
What do Engineers Do?
http://nsdl.org
What are some things engineers design?
Medical Equipment
Bio-fuels
Transportationhttp://nsdl.org
What are some things engineers design?
Wind Power
Tunnels
Structureshttp://nsdl.org
Engineering Design Process
common to all designed items
Define Problem or Need
Select & Test
Propose Design
Solutions
ResearchInvestigateGather Info
AnalyzeEvaluateSolutions
What order is typically followed?
Order the steps below from 1 to 5…
AnalyzeEvaluateSolutions
Engineering Design Process
Define Problem or Need
Select & Test
Propose Design
Solutions
ResearchInvestigateGather Info
What similar things exist?
BrainstormingDoes solution meet need?Proof of
concept
Does it work?
Modify & redesign
Engineering Design Processoften common, every day issues
Define Problem or Need
Issue: Hand dryers in public restrooms do not dry hands effectively.
• Need solution that dries hands in an amount of time & dryness acceptable to 80% of people.
• New design must cost no more than 1.5 times of current dryers.
http://nsdl.org
Engineering Design Processoften common, every day issues
Define Problem or Need
Now it’s your turn!
Think about some common or not so common problems or needs you have observed
Let’s take 2 minutes and generate some ideas
http://nsdl.org
Engineering Design ProcessWhat are some problems or needs that you think engineers should address?
Define Problem or Need
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
http://nsdl.org
AnalyzeEvaluateSolutions
Engineering Design Process
Define Problem or Need
Select & Test
Propose Design
Solutions
What similar things exist?
BrainstormingDoes solution meet need?Proof of
concept
Does it work?
Modify & redesign Research
InvestigateGather Info
Engineering Design Process
Consider the hand dryer example. Engineers might:
• Conduct survey/study to determine the drying time and level of dryness acceptable to 80% of
people
• Explore alternative methods (to forced hot air) to dry hands
ResearchInvestigateGather Info
http://nsdl.org
Engineering Design Process ResearchInvestigateGather Info
Let's find out what this audience finds acceptable for hand drying time. Record your answer on your notes:
2 sec
4 sec
6 sec
8 sec
10 sec
12 sec
14 sec
16 sec
0 sec
http://nsdl.org
Engineering Design ProcessResearch
InvestigateGather Info
Based on their research and the information they gather engineers will propose a design and decide what prototype they will need to build and test
http://nsdl.org
Engineering Design Process
Per qualitative or quantitative rating system, a final design is selected. The final design is then thoroughly tested.
There is always more than one possible way to solve a problem …. lots of brainstorming involved. This is where really creative ideas come from.
Select & Test
Propose Design
Solutions
Engineers evaluate multiple design solutions to determine if and how well they meet the design criteria.
AnalyzeEvaluateSolutions
Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Engineers make sure that the cost of designing and producing the new product is worth its benefit
Communication• Just like scientist
engineers need to share their successes, failures and reasoning with others.
• Communication through journals and other sources allows engineers to improve their designs
Intended versus Unintended
• An intended benefit is the positive purpose for which a technology is designed to be used
Identify two positive and two negative effects that airplanes have had on society
• Unintended consequences can have a negative impact on society
10 Characteristics of Technology
1. Technology is evident in all cultures.2.is knowledge based
3.is fundamental to humanity4.is fundamental to survival5.extends our capabilities6.is accumulative7.alters our culture8.is future oriented9.is observable
10.seeks harmony
Bioengineering
• The application of engineering to living things, such as humans and plants.
Plants are Texting for Water Thanks to High-Tech Sensors
Assistive Bioengineering
• Results in a product or process that helps living organisms but does not change them permanently
Adaptive Bioengineering• Results in a product or process
that changes living organisms
Cochlear Implants
Doctors replaced the 62-year-old man's unhealthy heart with a CardioWest artificial heart during a four-hour procedure. The polyurethane heart—a temporary fix—will keep him alive until a well-matched human heart becomes available.
REVIEW
• What is the definition of What is the definition of technology?technology?• Which is the technologist: Biologist or Architect?Which is the technologist: Biologist or Architect?• What is engineering?What is engineering?• Why should an engineer communicate his or her Why should an engineer communicate his or her
results?results?• What are the characteristics of technology?What are the characteristics of technology?• WHO ASKS HOW? WHO ASKS WHY?WHO ASKS HOW? WHO ASKS WHY?• What is bioengineering?What is bioengineering?