Student Name: ___________________________________________

YEAR 10 SEMESTER 1 2018 SCIENCE EXAMINATION

Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

Circle the letter indicating the best answer.

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YEAR 10 SCIENCE EXAMINATION

Semester 1, 2018 QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKLET

STUDENT NAME:

TEACHER NAME:

DATE: TIME ALLOWED FOR THIS PAPER: Reading time before commencing work: 10 minutes Working time for this paper: 1 hour 50 minutes

MATERIAL REQUIRED / RECOMMENDED FOR THIS PAPER: To be provided by the supervisor:

- This question and answer booklets - To be provided by the candidate:

- Pens, pencils, ruler, eraser

IMPORTANT NOTE TO CANDIDATES No other items may be taken into the examination room. It is your responsibility to ensure that you do not have any unauthorised notes or other items of a non-personal nature in the examination room. If you have any unauthorised material with you, hand it to the supervisor BEFORE reading any further. All iPads and mobile phones must be turned off and in your bag along with any other devices and notes. Bags are to be closed and placed under the desk. INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES:

1. Read through the paper to familiarise yourself with all of the questions.

2. Use a blue or black ballpoint / ink pen for the written answers. Use pencil for drawing the graphs.

3. Write your answers in this booklet.

4. Should you require more space than you have been given please use the spare sheet (at the back of this booklet) and ensure that you include your name and the question / statement to which you are responding.

AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION:

- Any planning sheets or other pieces of paper MUST be handed in with this booklet. - At the end of the examination make sure that your name is on your booklet and any other pieces of paper

used.

Instructions to candidates

1. Sitting this examination implies that you agree to abide by the examination rules set down by Kinross College.

2. Answer the questions in the space provided. 3. You must be careful to confine your responses to the specific questions asked and to follow

any instructions that are specific to a particular question. 4. A spare page is included at the end of this booklet. It can be used for planning your responses

and/or as additional space if required to continue an answer. (a) Planning: If you use the spare page for planning, indicate this clearly at the top of the

page. If you choose to use lined paper for planning, ensure your name and the title is clearly printed.

(b) Continuing an answer: If you need to use the space to continue an answer give the page number. Fill in the number of the question (s) that you are continuing to answer at the top of the page.

5. This examination contributes towards your report. If you have any questions, please ask them during the ten-minute reading time. Manage your time wisely. Always provide substantiation (evidence). Make sure that what you have written makes sense.

Mark Allocations

Topic Section Marks Chemical Science Multiple Choice /10

Short Answer questions /45

Earth and Space Science Multiple Choice /10

Short Answer questions /45

Total 110

Note: Do not turn the page until you are asked to do so.

Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following particles are used in determining the position of an element within the periodic table?

a) Protons.

b) neutrons.

c) electrons.

d) protons and neutrons.

2. Compared to particles in a cold substance, particles in a hot substance have more:

a) light energy.

b) kinetic energy.

c) chemical potential energy.

d) gravitational potential energy.

3. An element is composed of atoms with….?

a) different atomic numbers.

b) same mass numbers.

c) same atomic numbers.

d) different mass numbers.

4. Why does increasing the surface area of a reactant increase the speed of some chemical reactions?

a) It increases the density of the reactant particles.

b) It increases the concentration of the reactant.

c) It alters the electrical conductivity of the reactant particles.

d) It exposes more reactant particles to a possible collision.

5.Covalent bonding occurs between:

a) metal atoms.

b) metal and non-metal atoms.

c) non-metal and non-metal atoms.

d) molecules and lattices.

6. The atomic number of calcium is 20. The electron configuration will be:

a) 2, 10, 8.

b) 2, 8, 10

c) 2, 8, 8, 2

d) 8, 8, 4

7.The atomic symbol N refers to the element …...?

a) Neon.

b) Nickel.

c) Nitrogen.

d) Sodium.

8. Complete the equation: acid + metal hydroxide → salt + _______

a. hydrogen

b. oxygen

c. carbon dioxide

d. water

9. Nitrogen is in period 2, group 5/15. Which of the following elements would have properties most similar to nitrogen?

a) phosphorus (period 3, group 15) b) oxygen (period 2, group 16) c) neon (period 2, group 18) d) sodium (period 3, group 1)

10. A chemical equation shows:

a) the chemical formulas of the reactants and the products. b) all the atoms involved in the reaction and how they rearrange into the products. c) all the atoms in the compounds of the reactants, but not the products. d) the names of the reactants and the products in words.

Earth and Space Science Multiple Choice Questions.

11. Plants make their own food from CO2 and water. This process is called:

a. Respiration

b. Photosynthesis

c. Carbon sinking

d. Carbonification

12. The energy plants use to make their own food comes from:

a. Light b. Heat c. Sound d. Movement

13. When a large star “dies”, it forms a:

a. Red giant b. Nebula c. Black hole d. Singularity

14. The light from objects that are moving very quickly away from you seems to change colour to appear more:

a. Blue b. Green c. Yellow d. Red

15. The apparent change in colour of the light coming from stars tells us that the universe is:

a. Expanding

b. Contracting

c. Cooling

d. Warming

16. Soil salinisation is a form of soil pollution that occurs when soil becomes too:

a. Acidic

b. Alkaline

c. Salty

d. Low in oxygen

17. Soil salinisation is caused by a combination of cutting down trees and

a. Ploughing

b. Adding fertiliser

c. Grazing animals

d. Irrigation (watering)

18. Which of the following is not considered to be a greenhouse gas?

a. Methane

b. Carbon dioxide

c. Argon

d. Nitrogen dioxide

19. El Nino is a weather event that occurs when warm water in the Pacific Ocean moves

a. From west to east

b. From east to west

c. From north to south

d. From south to north

20. In Australia, an El Nino year will result in weather that is:

a. Very dry

b. Very wet

c. Very windy

d. Very cold

End of multiple choice section

Chemical Science Short Answer Questions.

1. Magnesium has an atomic number of 12.

a) how many protons would be in the nuclei of magnesium atom _______.

b) how many electrons would be in a sodium atom________?

c) Write the electron configuration of a magnesium atom when in the ground state ______________.

d) draw an “electron shell” diagram of a magnesium atom, displaying the arrangement of electrons in

the electron shells _______.

(5 marks).

2. List 5 “properties” or characteristics that defines a “metal” on the periodic table.

a. _____________________________.

b. _____________________________.

c. _____________________________.

d. _____________________________.

e. _____________________________.

Name or identify the group in the periodic table that have some but not all the properties of metals.

_______________________________________________________________

(6 marks)

3. Look at this information about sodium and chlorine from the periodic table:

a. How many protons does an atom of sodium have in its nucleus? __________________.

b. What is the name of the “other” particles found in the nucleus______________________?

c. How many electrons does an atom of chlorine have? ________________.

d. When chlorine forms an ionic compound, it gains one electron to become a negatively charged

ion.

Write the correct symbol for a chlorine ion? _______________________.

e. Describe the change in the “electron structure” that occurs when a sodium atom becomes a

positively charged sodium ion?

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________.

f. What changes, if any occur in the nucleus when an ion is formed?

___________________________________________________________________.

g. Explain in terms of the “positive and negative charges “why the formula for Sodium is NaCl and not

NaCl2.

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________

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__________.

h. If Chlorine melts at -110° C and Sodium melts at 801° C and scientists consider room temperature

to be 25 °c, what does this information tell you about the state

E.g. (solid, liquid or gas) of each element at room temperature.

Chlorine is a…………………………………. and Sodium is a…….…………………………. (11 marks)

4. A student was trying to extract the metals from lead oxide and aluminium oxide. She heated each oxide with carbon in a fume cupboard like shown in the diagram below:

She was able to extract lead from lead oxide but not aluminium from aluminium oxide a- Referring to the reactivity series explain why she was not able to extract aluminium from the aluminium

oxide?

(2 marks)

Complete the word equation for the reaction between lead oxide and carbon……...

Lead oxide + Carbon __________ + ______________ (2marks)

5. Students studied the reaction between some metals and dilute hydrochloric acid and observed.

The metals react with the acid until they cannot be seen.

Bubbles of gas are produced during all the reactions;

the students know that:

a metal + an acid a salt + hydrogen gas.

A) Use this information to write a word equation for the reaction of zinc with dilute hydrochloric

acid.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________ (2 marks)

For another similar reaction- magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium

chloride (MgCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2)

B) Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.

___________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

6. The following questions are about the blast furnace and the production of iron.

a) Complete the labels A, B and C on the diagram above using the following words

(iron ore, lime stone & coke), Molten slag, Molten Iron (3 marks)

b) Name the waste gas from the blast furnace?

_________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

c) Why are hot blasts of air blown in to the blast furnace?

____________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

d) Why is limestone added to the blast furnace?

____________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

7. Rate of reaction.

Students carried out an investigation to find out whether the concentration of the acid used had any

effect on the time taken for the magnesium to react completely.

Equal volumes of acid and equal lengths of magnesium ribbon were used in each test.

The table below shows a set of results.

Concentration of acid / moles per ml. Time taken for magnesium to react completely in seconds.

2.0 13

1.5 22

1.2 30

0.8 70

0.6 145

0.5 250

I. Draw a graph (over the page) showing time taken for the reaction to finish when using different

concentrations of acids–include the following on your graph

(reaction time = Y axis,)

Correct labels & units (2 marks)

Title (1 mark)

Points plotted correctly (1 mark)

Line of best fit (1 mark)

II. Analyse the graph- to complete the sentence

“As concentration of the acid increased, the time for the reaction to be completed

______________________________” (1 mark)

III. Predict the time taken for the reaction if the concentration of the acid was 1.0 moles per ml

_________________________________________ (1 mark)

IV. Write down one other factor- which could have changed the rate of this reaction

______________________________________________ (1 mark)

V. Using a description of “particles colliding” explain how changing concentration can change the rate

of reaction ______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________ (2 marks)

Earth and Space Science Short Answer Questions.

1. Energy from moving sources The diagram below shows an ambulance, with its siren sounding, speeding off to an emergency:

Although the siren continually produces the same sound, the pitch of that sound appears to change

depending on whether the ambulance is moving towards you or away from you.

(Circle the correct answer for a and b). (2 marks)

a) When the ambulance is moving away from Zoe it sounds…. higher… or... lower

b) when the ambulance is moving towards Tom it sounds………. higher… or… lower

c) What is the name given to this “apparent” change in pitch?

____________________________________________________ (1 mark)

d) Explain your answers above and the scientific concept of the apparent change in pitch in more

detail. You should use the words source, receiver, wavelength, frequency, higher, lower, pitch, stretched and compressed in your answer. You may also draw a labelled diagram (in the box on the next page) to help explain your answer. (8 marks)

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2. The nitrogen cycle

The above diagram shows the nitrogen cycle.

Use your knowledge and the information presented in the diagram to complete the following.

a. From the diagram, name one process that moves nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil.

______________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

b. From the diagram, name one process that moves nitrogen from the soil to the atmosphere.

______________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

c. A farmer produces 100 tonnes of corn in his field each year. If all the soil bacteria die and he continues to grow corn in the field without adding any fertilisers, explain a) what will happen to the amount of corn he produces and b) why this happens?

____________________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________ (3 marks)

3. Water Pollution When either sewage or agricultural run-off pollute waterways, they can cause a problem called

eutrophication.

a. Explain or describe “What is eutrophication”?

____________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

b. Give a detailed account of what happens to a river or lake that has become eutrophic and describe the effect this has on other fish and plants living in the water.

____________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________ (7 marks)

4. The Big Bang Theory a. Briefly describe the Big Bang theory

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b. Scientists believe they have evidence that all the stars in the universe are spreading out and getting further apart. Name the term that refers to this evidence and describe why this evidence is needed to explain the Big Bang theory.

____________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________ (3 marks)

5. The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming

a. Name one greenhouse gas and where it comes from: _______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

b. If we could remove all the greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, and therefore stop the greenhouse effect, should we (yes or no)? Explain your answer.

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6. Investigating Scientifically When the Space Shuttle returns to Earth after a mission it becomes very hot due to air resistance

as it re-enters Earth’s atmosphere.

For this reason, it needs or be made of materials that are resistant to heating up under pressure.

Scientists wanted to compare two materials to use for this purpose.

To do this they built a scale model of the space shuttle and tested it in a special wind tunnel where

they could alter the air pressure acting on the model to mimic conditions in different areas of the

atmosphere.

Temperature sensors inside the model allowed them to record how much the materials heated up

during testing.

The graph (next page) shows their results for two materials:

a) Describe the following variables for this investigation:

Independent Variable (changed deliberately)

___________________________________________________________________

Dependent variable ___________________________________________________________________

Controlled variable _______________________________________________________________(3 marks)

b) Use the graph to predict the temperature for:

Material 1 at a pressure of 300mb-_____________________________________

Material 2 at a pressure of 500mb-_____________________________________ (2 marks)

c) Use the graph to predict the pressure when:

Material 1 was at a temperature of 110C-________________________________

Material 2 was at a temperature of 33C-________________________________ (2 marks)

d) Which was the better material at lower air pressures?

______________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

e) Which material would you choose to protect the Space Shuttle? Explain your answer.

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___________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

***END OF EXAM***