Science in Our World

Section 1

Why are shells found on mountains or large Why are shells found on mountains or large salt deposits underground or in deserts?salt deposits underground or in deserts?

ASK QUESTIONS!!!!!!ASK QUESTIONS!!!!!!

Not all questions can be answered Not all questions can be answered immediately. immediately.

Why is it important to ask questions?Why is it important to ask questions?

Section 1

Science is all around us at all times.Science is all around us at all times.

Soil, desert, wind, rain, animals, viruses, plants, Soil, desert, wind, rain, animals, viruses, plants, sun, space, etc. Plenty of questions to stay busy. sun, space, etc. Plenty of questions to stay busy. (Science News)(Science News)

First step of scientific process is to ask a First step of scientific process is to ask a question. You then need to look for an answer. question. You then need to look for an answer. You must come up with a way to find answers. You must come up with a way to find answers.

Finding Answers

Research: ask someone who knows, Internet, Research: ask someone who knows, Internet, textbooks, encyclopedias, magazines. textbooks, encyclopedias, magazines. Reliable source----What is a reliable source???Reliable source----What is a reliable source???

Observations: name some types of scientific Observations: name some types of scientific observations.observations.

Experimentation: Can you make observations Experimentation: Can you make observations during an experimentation? during an experimentation?

Science In Our World

Chapter 1 – Section 1 ScienceScience: knowledge obtained by observing : knowledge obtained by observing

natural events and conditions in order to natural events and conditions in order to discover facts and formulate laws or principles discover facts and formulate laws or principles that can be verified or testedthat can be verified or tested

Types of Scientist

There are many types of scientists. A few are:There are many types of scientists. A few are:◦ Zoologist is a person who studies the lives of animals.Zoologist is a person who studies the lives of animals.◦ Geochemists are people who specialize in the Geochemists are people who specialize in the

chemistry of rocks, minerals, and soil.chemistry of rocks, minerals, and soil.◦ Mechanics are people who find answers to questions Mechanics are people who find answers to questions

about why a machine is not working, find a way to about why a machine is not working, find a way to make it work and find ways to improve how it works.make it work and find ways to improve how it works.

◦ Oceanographer studies the ocean.Oceanographer studies the ocean.◦ Volcanologist studies volcanoesVolcanologist studies volcanoes◦ Meteorologist: Studies the atmosphere—storms. Meteorologist: Studies the atmosphere—storms.

Science in Our Lives

Name some ways science has helped our Name some ways science has helped our lives. One example is cars. lives. One example is cars.

How can science help our planet?How can science help our planet?

How does science help you?How does science help you?

Can science help save lives or our planet? Can science help save lives or our planet?

Science In Our World

Chapter 1- Section 2 Scientific methods Scientific methods are a series of steps followed to solve are a series of steps followed to solve

problemsproblems Observation: Observation: process of obtaining information by using the process of obtaining information by using the

senses. Observations can be made at any point in the process. senses. Observations can be made at any point in the process. Many types of observations: patterns, color, measurement. Can Many types of observations: patterns, color, measurement. Can lead to answers when they are accurate and carefully recorded.lead to answers when they are accurate and carefully recorded.

Six Steps of Scientific MethodsSix Steps of Scientific Methods◦ Ask a questionAsk a question◦ Form a hypothesisForm a hypothesis◦ Test the hypothesisTest the hypothesis◦ Analyze resultsAnalyze results◦ Draw conclusionsDraw conclusions◦ Communicate resultsCommunicate results(Anne Found Twenty Adorable Dogs and Cats)(Anne Found Twenty Adorable Dogs and Cats)

Section 2 Scientific Method

Pg 10, the method can vary.Pg 10, the method can vary.

Ask a question: this focuses the purpose of the Ask a question: this focuses the purpose of the investigation. A question is often asked after investigation. A question is often asked after making an observation. making an observation.

Scientific Method

Form a hypothesis: When a question needs to Form a hypothesis: When a question needs to be investigated. Hypothesis is a possible be investigated. Hypothesis is a possible explanation or answer to a question. explanation or answer to a question. (educated guess) You must be able to test a (educated guess) You must be able to test a hypothesis. Usually stated in an if-then format. hypothesis. Usually stated in an if-then format.

Make predictions: before testing the Make predictions: before testing the hypothesis you will make predictions. Say hypothesis you will make predictions. Say what you think will happen. After predictions what you think will happen. After predictions you can test the hypothesis. Can have more you can test the hypothesis. Can have more than one hypothesis?than one hypothesis?

Scientific Method

Test the hypothesis:Test the hypothesis: Test the hypothesis by gathering Test the hypothesis by gathering data. Data will help tell if the hypothesis is valid. data. Data will help tell if the hypothesis is valid.

Controlled experiment:Controlled experiment: Controlled experiment Controlled experiment is an is an experiment that tests only one factor at a time by using a experiment that tests only one factor at a time by using a comparison of a control group with an experimental groupcomparison of a control group with an experimental group

VariableVariable is a factor that changes in an experiment in is a factor that changes in an experiment in order to test a hypothesisorder to test a hypothesis

DataData are any pieces of information acquired through are any pieces of information acquired through observation or experimentationobservation or experimentation

Scientific Method

Analyze the results. Can use tables and graphs. Analyze the results. Can use tables and graphs.

Draw conclusions: must conclude if the results Draw conclusions: must conclude if the results support the hypothesis. Proving that the support the hypothesis. Proving that the hypothesis is not true is as valuable as proving it hypothesis is not true is as valuable as proving it true. If the hypothesis is not supported one can true. If the hypothesis is not supported one can make a new hypothesis and repeat experiment. make a new hypothesis and repeat experiment. Ex. Thomas Edison. Ex. Thomas Edison.

Communicate results: Share what you have Communicate results: Share what you have learned. learned.

Science In Our World

Chapter 1- Section 3 Model or Prototype Model or Prototype is a pattern, plan, is a pattern, plan,

representation or description designed to show the representation or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system or structure or workings of an object, system or concept.concept.

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Science+Electric+Prototype&FORM=RESTAB#view=detail&mid=A55AC6248EE2DD14490CA55AC6248EE2DD14490C

http://on.aol.com/video/mercedes-self-driving-truck-could-revolutionize-trucking-518452614

Types of Models:Types of Models:◦ Physical: volcano modelPhysical: volcano model◦ Mathematical: number line or bar graph; make Mathematical: number line or bar graph; make

predictionspredictions◦ Conceptual: genus, species, weather map--(mental Conceptual: genus, species, weather map--(mental

models).models).

Science in Our World

TheoryTheory is an explanation that ties together is an explanation that ties together many hypothesis and observationsmany hypothesis and observations

LawLaw is a summary of many experimental is a summary of many experimental results and observations; a law tells how results and observations; a law tells how things workthings work

Law of Gravity, Law of Conservation of mass. Law of Gravity, Law of Conservation of mass.

Science In Our World

Chapter 1- Section 4TechnologyTechnology are the products and processes that are are the products and processes that are designed to serve our needsdesigned to serve our needs

EngineeringEngineering is the process of creating technology is the process of creating technology

Engineering design process Engineering design process is the process engineers is the process engineers use to develop a new technologyuse to develop a new technology

PrototypePrototype is a test model of a product is a test model of a product

Cost-benefit analysis Cost-benefit analysis its the process of determining its the process of determining whether the cost of doing something is worth the whether the cost of doing something is worth the benefit provided.benefit provided.

Science In Our World

Chapter 1- Section 4 Bioengineering: Bioengineering: the application of engineering the application of engineering

to living things, such as humans and plantsto living things, such as humans and plants Assistive bioengineering: Assistive bioengineering: engineering that engineering that

results in a product or process that helps living results in a product or process that helps living organisms but does not change them organisms but does not change them permanently--contactspermanently--contacts

Adaptive bioengineering: Adaptive bioengineering: engineering that engineering that results in a product or process that changes results in a product or process that changes living organisms—eye surgeryliving organisms—eye surgery

Science In Our World

Chapter 1- Section 5 Meter, m, Meter, m, is the basic unit of length in the SI is the basic unit of length in the SI

(international system of units)(international system of units) AreaArea is a measure of the size of a surface or a is a measure of the size of a surface or a

regionregion MassMass is a measure of the amount of matter in an is a measure of the amount of matter in an

objectobject VolumeVolume is a measure of the size of a body or is a measure of the size of a body or

region in 3-dimensional spaceregion in 3-dimensional space TemperatureTemperature is the measure of how hot or cold is the measure of how hot or cold

something issomething is DensityDensity is the ratio of the mass of a substance to is the ratio of the mass of a substance to

the volume of the substance.the volume of the substance.

Section 5

Tools in science—anything that helps you do a Tools in science—anything that helps you do a task. What would be a tool for seeing task. What would be a tool for seeing something that is not visible to the eye? something that is not visible to the eye?

Measurement tools—graduated cylinder, Measurement tools—graduated cylinder, stopwatch, triple beam balance, meter stick, stopwatch, triple beam balance, meter stick, thermometer, spring scale.thermometer, spring scale.

Tools for analyzing: calculator, computer, Tools for analyzing: calculator, computer, graph paper. graph paper.

History of measurement

An inch use to be three grains of barley, foot was your An inch use to be three grains of barley, foot was your foot. Very unreliable. foot. Very unreliable.

International System of Units: 1700s—French Academy International System of Units: 1700s—French Academy of Sciences—(SI) which is system of units. Page 32. of Sciences—(SI) which is system of units. Page 32.

Length: arm measurement can convert. Length: arm measurement can convert.

Area: length X width. Ex cm2 Area of this room?Area: length X width. Ex cm2 Area of this room?

DensityDensity is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance—mass over volumevolume of the substance—mass over volume

Measurement

Basic SI UnitsBasic SI Units

Meter (m)—LengthMeter (m)—Length

Cubic Meter (mCubic Meter (m33) or mL—Volume ) or mL—Volume

Kilogram (kg)—MassKilogram (kg)—Mass

Kelvin (K) or Celsius (C)--TemperatureKelvin (K) or Celsius (C)--Temperature

Measurement

Mass: the amount of matter that makes up an object. Mass: the amount of matter that makes up an object. KgKg, g, mg. , g, mg. Mass is a measure of how much matter an object has. Weight is a Mass is a measure of how much matter an object has. Weight is a measure of how strongly gravity pulls on that matter.measure of how strongly gravity pulls on that matter.

Volume: is the amount of space that something occupies—Volume: is the amount of space that something occupies—measure of size of a 3-d body. Ex. bathtub full what happens if measure of size of a 3-d body. Ex. bathtub full what happens if you get in? Length x width x height. 1 cm3 = 1 mL. Also called you get in? Length x width x height. 1 cm3 = 1 mL. Also called cccc’’s. Can figure volume by using a graduated cylinder. s. Can figure volume by using a graduated cylinder.

Temperature: Fahrenheit (F), Celsius (C), Kelvin (K). 0 C = 273 k. Temperature: Fahrenheit (F), Celsius (C), Kelvin (K). 0 C = 273 k. Absolute 0 is -273 C or 0 K. Molecular motion would be at its Absolute 0 is -273 C or 0 K. Molecular motion would be at its lowest. For temperature K is the SI unit. lowest. For temperature K is the SI unit.

Look at safety on page 35. Look at safety on page 35.