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Science Investigation
Discussion of Results to Date&
Future WorkRed Deer Particulate Matter Information
Session
Maxwell [email protected]
Work to Date: Red Deer PM Response
Jan 2013
PM Exceedance Announced
April 2013
Stakeholders notified
Nov 2013
PAMZ Board Meeting
Jan 2014
• PM internal science investigation• Individual meetings with City of
Red Deer and PAMZ
Present
• Investigation aims to answer seven questions
• Multi-pronged investigation based around high
concentration events at Red Deer Riverside
• Based on historical data (2007-2014)
• Modelling
• Other data from PAMZ and regional stations where relevant
Capital Region PM Response Development
Nov 2012
PAMZ Board Meeting
Work to Date: Investigation methodology
• Event day = > 19 μg m-3 averaged over 24 hours• Excludes forest fire related particulate matter• Aligns with Action level for CAAQS
Management Level
OzoneDaily max 8h
(ppb)
PM2.5 Annual(µg m-3)
PM2.5 24h
(µg m-3)
2015 2020 2015 2020 2015 2020
Red Actions for Achieving Air Zone CAAQS
Threshold (CAAQS)
63 62 10.0 8.8 28 27
Orange Actions for Preventing CAAQS Exceedance
Threshold 56 6.4 19
Yellow Actions for Preventing AQ Deterioration
Threshold 50 4.0 10
Green Actions for Keeping Clean Areas Clean
Question 1:Is elevated PM2.5 concentration a wintertime issue?
• Events most frequent in winter but may occur in all seasons
Question 2:What meteorological conditions are associated with PM2.5 events?
• PM2.5 events characterized by low wind speeds
• PM2.5 events are most commonly associated with southerly winds
Question 3:Do PM2.5 events occur at multiple stations, or only at Riverside station?
• Multi-station events are observed frequently
• PM2.5 events in Red Deer may coincide with PM2.5 events in Edmonton and Calgary
• Similar emissions profiles and meteorology
Time series:- Daily 24 hour average concentrations- Concentrations from 10 air quality
monitoring stations
Question 3:Do PM2.5 events occur at multiple stations, or only at Riverside station?
Spatial Average:- Interpolation of
concentrations between 19 air quality stations
- Estimation of ambient air quality based on available information
- Illustrates changes in ambient concentrations over time and space
Question 3:Do PM2.5 events occur at multiple stations, or only at Riverside station?• Regional Emissions profile
– ie. Who contributes what?
Large Facilities
Upstream Oil & Gas
Mobile & Area
Emissions (tonnes/yr)
PM2.5 2.5% 0.5% 97% 23,672
NOX 53% 14% 33% 34,236
SO2 71% 18% 10% 1,688
Primary PM2.5
Secondary PM2.5
Precursor Gasses
Non-point sources in the Red Deer Area
Question 3:Do PM2.5 events occur at multiple stations, or only at Riverside station?
• Secondary species: • Can we determine who might contribute to the problem?
• No direct measurements of particulate matter speciation in Red Deer, however:
• NO2 abundant, similar to Capital Region
Question 3:Do PM2.5 events occur at multiple stations, or only at Riverside station? • Engagement:
– Can we identify where source contributions are focused?– Who can most effectively address the problem?
• Additional information:– Passive measurements of secondary PM2.5 precusors
• Higher resolution than continuous (35 sites)• Long-term averages (monthly)• SO2/NO2/O3
– Spatial distribution ofsources:• By interpolation
between sites• Corroborate
emissions data
Continuing/ Future investigation and context related questions
Continuing investigation:• Question 2: What meteorological conditions are associated
with PM2.5 events?
Future investigation:• Question 4: Is there a relationship between PM2.5 events at
Riverside and traffic?• Question 5: Are all PM2.5 events similar?
Context related questions:• Question 6: Are the PM2.5 events at Red Deer Riverside due to
an analyzer switch? (FEM analyzer installed in 2009)• Question 7: Are there notable differences at Red Deer
Riverside due to instrument changes since 2009? (TEOM FDMS vs SHARP)