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Scientific Classification of Plants
17.00: Apply procedures used in horticultural plant identification including scientific classification
Taxonomy
The science of _classification_ and identifying plants
Scientific names are used because the same common name is used for different plants in different areas of the world .
Karl von Linne
Swedish botanist that developed the binomial system of naming plants using two Latin words to indicate the genus and species.
Linne changed his name to the Latin name Carolus Linneaus.
Scientific Names
Latin is the language used for scientific classification.
The first word is the Genus and the second word is the species . If there are additional words, they indicate a variety or cultivar .
Genus vs. Species
Plants in the same genus have similar characteristic .
Plants in the same species consistently produce plants of the same type .
Scientific Classification
The broadest category of scientific classification is the kingdom --either plant or animal.
The broadest category in the plant kingdom is division or phylum.
Linnaean System
The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories, genus and species, to designate each type of organism. A genus is a higher level category that includes one or more species under it. Such a dual level designation is referred to as a binomial nomenclature or binomial (literally “two names" in Latin). For example, Linnaeus described humans in his system with the binomial Homosapiens , or "man who is wise"--Homo is our genus and sapiens is our species.
Scientific Classification
The groupings (taxa) of taxonomy from most general to most specific are:
Kingdom (Plantae , Animalia, Protista, Fungi, Monera)
Phylum (animals) or Division (plants)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
Kingdom
Plants are in the Plantae Kingdom
27,000 named species of plants
Mosses, ferns, woody and non-woody flowering plants
Divisions
The four most important divisions of the plant kingdom are:
–Thallophites
–Bryophytes
–Pteriophytes
–Spermatophytes
Spermatophytes
Contains flowering or seed-bearing plants
Two subdivisions are:
–Gymnosperms and angiosperms
Common Plant Genus
Pinus-pine
Acer-Maple
Ilex-Holly
Ficus-fig
Cornus-dogwood
Rhododendron-rhododendron
Quercus-oak
Genus and Species
White Oak’s genus and species would look like:
–Quercus alba
–The genus is always capitalized
–The species is always lower cased
Plant Parts-Flowers
• Color • Shape • Size
Plant Parts-Fruit
Cones
Nuts (acorn)
Capsules (willow)
Clusters or Drupes (raspberry)
Samara (maple)