ScotlandВыполнила:

Ученица 11-1

Кулагина Виктория

Учитель: Нарушевич Марина Юрьевна

History Scotland - a part of the

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Scotland can be considered as a separate country. Scots assert the national originality and keep many institutes which are not present in England and other English-speaking countries. They have the capital Edinburgh, the church, laws and courts, the banks and banknotes.

Original institutes were kept in Scotland for a long time when she was the sovereign state. For a long time attempts of association of Scotland and England were undertaken. Many of them were certificates of the armed aggression on the part of England. Scots long time successfully repulsed aggressors that promoted consolidation of national consciousness. In 1603 when after Elizabeth's I death on an English throne the Scottish king Jacob VI was peacefully ratified, both countries appeared under authority of one monarch, but everyone has kept the parliament and the controls. Then, according to the Certificate 1707, Scotland and England were included in United Kingdom the Great Britain with uniform parliament and the central government.

National language - Gaelic and English

national arms

National colours

Economy Scotland has the western style open

mixed economy which is close connected to it of other part of Europe and wider world. Traditionally, the Scottish economy was in authority of the heavy industry supported by shipbuilding in Glasgow, the coal industry and steel industries. Oil concerned, the industries connected to extraction of oil of Northern sea also were the important businessmen from 1970, is especial in the north to the east from Scotland. Де-industrialisation during 1970 and 1980 saw change from the industrial center to a lot of service - focused on economy (economy). Edinburgh - the financial center of services of Scotland and the sixth greatest financial center in Europe in terms of funds under management, behind of London, Paris, Frankfurt, Zurich and Amsterdam, with many big firms of the finance based there, switching: Royal Bank of Scotland (the second-largest bank in Europe); HBOS (owners of Bank of Scotland); and the Standard Life.

Religion Just over two-thirds (67%) of

the Scottish population reported having a religion in 2001 with Christianity representing all but 2% of these. 28% of the population claimed to have no religious adherence. This means that the non-religious are second in total numbers only to the numbers claimed by the Church of Scotland. As only 12% of the population are actually members of the Church of Scotland this means that the actively non-religious now out number the actively religious by 3 to 1.

Musical instruments

Scottish music is a significant aspect of the nation's culture, with both traditional and modern influences. A famous traditional Scottish instrument is the Great Highland Bagpipe , a wind instrument consisting of three drones and a melody pipe , which are fed continuously by a reservoir of air in a bag , featuring bagpipes and various types of drums, and showcasing Scottish music styles while creating new ones, have spread throughout the world. The harp, fiddle and accordion are also traditional Scottish instruments.

Dances Céilidh - the simple dances executed on national parties. Highland - solo dances, arose as man's, but by the present moment

becoming universal. The basic attention is given work of foots, frequently this

kind of dances compare to ballet. Ladies' Step - solo female dances. Cape Breton Step - Scottish step, executed both men, and women as solo dances on holidays and parties. Kejp Breton step has the direct

attitude to island Kejp Breton in a gulf St. Lavrentia which (Nova Scotia) is a part of a province of Canada. The numerous Scots speaking on gaelic language, in XVIII-XIX have emigrated on Kejp Breton, being rescueed from reprisals and economic difficulties centuries. Together with themselves they have carried away also culture Scottish степа. Unfortunately, in the Scotland where traditions of the population of a hilly terrain of Scotland long also were successfully suppressed by English authorities, step dance has been practically lost. In XX-XXI centuries Scottish step began to come back to Scotland.

Literary languages Scottish literature includes text written in

English , Scottish Gaelic , Scots , French , and Latin . The poet and songwriter Robert Burns wrote in the Scots language , although much of his writing is also in English and in a "light" Scots dialect which is more accessible to a wider audience. Similarly, the writings of Sir Walter Scott and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle were internationally successful during the late 19th and early 20th Centuries. J. M. Barrie introduced the movement known as the "Kailyard school " at the end of the 19th century, which brought elements of fantasy and folklore back into fashion. This tradition has been viewed as a major stumbling block for Scottish literature, as it focused on an idealised, pastoral picture of Scottish culture. Some modern novelists, such as Irvine Welsh , write in a distinctly Scottish English that reflects the harsher realities of contemporary life.

Animals Scotland's wildlife is typical of the

north west of Europe although several of the larger mammals such as the Lynx , Brown Bear , Wolf , Elk and Walrus were hunted to extinction in historic times along with smaller mammals such as Beaver and Boar . There are important populations of seals and internationally significant nesting grounds for a variety of seabirds such as Gannets .The Golden Eagle is something of a national

Sights

Valley Glencoe

Here films about Harry Potter have been in part taken off

Mercat Cross

Kelvingrove. Art Gallery and

Museum

And there are a lot of castles

THE END