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Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced In Scotland By Patrick Hamilton & George Wisehart 1559 – John Knox Introduces The Reform Church Into Scotland

Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

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Page 1: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

Scotland’s Influence On Restoration

Background 14th Century – John Wycliffe Led A

Reform Movement In England 16th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

In Scotland By Patrick Hamilton & George Wisehart

1559 – John Knox Introduces The Reform Church Into Scotland

Page 2: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

Early Plantings Of Reform In Scotland

1365 – One Year Prior To John Wyclif’s Resignation From Oxford, 81 Passports Were Granted To Scottish Students To Study At Oxford

1415 –Scottish Theologian, Jean Gerson (1363-1429), Complained About The Uprise Of Wyclif Ideas In Scotland

1525 – Luther’s Writings So Infiltrated Scotland That Scottish Parliament Banned Import Of Any Luther Material

Page 3: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

Early Plantings Of Reform In Scotland

By 1530 – Tyndale’s English Translation of 1525 Was Being Widely Used In Scotland

Page 4: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland

Page 5: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

Cardinal David Beaton

1494-1548

• Bishop and politician. Born in Balfour (Fife) and educated at St. Andrews and Glasgow Universities. He negotiated both marriages of King James V (1512 - 1542) with the French court. As Abbot of Arbroath, Beaton sat in the Scottish parliament from 1525.

• Beaton was effectively the last Archbishop of St. Andrews, appointed to this position in 1539.

• Opposed by John Knox, Beaton was murdered by Protestant reformers in the same year as he executed George Wishart.

Page 6: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The Bishop’s Castle Of St. Andrews

Page 7: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The Bishop’s Castle Of St. Andrews

• These are ruins of the second castle, These are ruins of the second castle, the first of which was destroyed the first of which was destroyed during the wars of independence from during the wars of independence from 1400 to 1560.1400 to 1560.

• During the Protestant Reformation, During the Protestant Reformation, the forces of John Knox overtook the the forces of John Knox overtook the forces of Cardinal Beaton in late 1546forces of Cardinal Beaton in late 1546

Page 8: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The Bishop’s Castle Of St. Andrews

• For A Time John Knox Lived In The Castle, And It Served As A Church As Well As A Stronghold For The Protestants

Page 9: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The Bishop’s Castle Of St. Andrews

•Finally The Castle Was Destroyed Through Battles Between Protestants And Catholics

Page 10: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

Early Reformers

In ScotlandPatrick Hamilton (1504-1528)

– Ordained Priest Who Led First Reformation– Spent 6 Months With Luther In Germany– Debated Alexander Alesius, Catholic Envoy

Converting Him– Cardinal David Beaton, Archbishop Of St

Andrews, Invited Him To Preach In Scotland. After A Week He Was Arrested For Heresy

Page 11: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The St. Andrews Church

•St. Andrews Church Is Located On The Campus Of St. Andrews College

Page 12: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The St. Andrews Church

Cloisters

•The Old Church Is Open To The Public

Page 13: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

Hamilton’s Demise

– Taught Against Celibacy, Pressing The Point By Marrying

– Accused Of Teaching Against Pilgrimages, Purgatory, Prayers To Saints, Prayers For The Dead

– Burned At The Stake. It Was Gruesome, As It Took 6 Hours To Burn Him. The First Fire Went Out While He Writhed In Pain – February 29, 1528

– Resulted With Deep Resentment & Resistance From Scottish People.

Page 14: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The Death Of Patrick Hamilton

•Location Where Patrick Hamilton Was Burned At The Stake

Page 15: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The Death Of Patrick Hamilton

•A Marker Still Shows The Spot Where Hamilton Died

Page 16: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The Death Of Patrick Hamilton

Page 17: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The Death Of Patrick Hamilton

Page 18: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The Death Of Patrick Hamilton

•The Heat Of The Fire That Burned Hamilton Was Said To Be So Hot That It Permanently Burned His Face Into The Stone Of The Church That Stood Closeby

Page 19: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The Death Of Patrick Hamilton

Page 20: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

George Wishart

1513-1546

•1538 Forced Into Exile By Catholic Church: Fled To Strasbourg & On To Zurich - Influence By Swiss Reformers

•Close Friend And Confidant Of John Knox

•Held To Biblical Authority For Faith And Practice – Taught Greek – N.T. Was His Text

•1544 - Returned To Scotland; Preached Protestantism; Calvinism; Authority Of The Scriptures; Presbyterian Form Of Church Government; Local Autonomy Of Congregations

Page 21: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

•1544-1546 – Began Influencing John Knox – Was Present When Wishart Was Arrested Jan. 16, 1546

•Wishart Defended Himself Before His Accusers As 18 Articles Were Read Against Him

•He Was Against Purgatory, Mass, Transubstantiation, the Sacraments, Veneration Of Saints, & Celibacy

•Burned At Stake In Front Of Bishops Castle, By Cardinal David Beaton.

Page 22: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The Death Of George Wishart

• Furious Response Of People - Beaton Was Hung Furious Response Of People - Beaton Was Hung By Wishart Loyalists May 28, 1546 In RetaliationBy Wishart Loyalists May 28, 1546 In Retaliation

• One Of The Earliest Congregations Of The Church One Of The Earliest Congregations Of The Church Of Scotland Was In The Castle Where Wishart Was Of Scotland Was In The Castle Where Wishart Was MartyredMartyred

Page 23: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The Death Of George Wishart

• Burning Religious Leaders At Burning Religious Leaders At The Stake Only Fueled The Fire The Stake Only Fueled The Fire Of The Spirit Of Reformation In Of The Spirit Of Reformation In Scotland As In All Of EuropeScotland As In All Of Europe

Page 24: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The St. Andrews Cathedral

•Once The Largest Abbey In All Of Scotland

Page 25: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

The St. Andrews Cathedral

•Destoyed By Protestants When Seeking To Overtake The Catholic Stronghold

Page 26: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

Scottish Catholicism: A Contributing Factor To

Reform• Cardinal Beaton, Archbishop Of St.

Andrews Had Nine Children• Bishop Hepburn Had 10 Children All

By Different Mothers• 1558 Catholic General Provincial

Council Tried To Clean Up Their Act By Refusing To Pay For Illegitimate Children, Too Little Too Late

• Catholic Leadership Was Immoral & Incompetent, Causing Many To Move Away From Catholicism Refusing To Attend Mass

• The 1558 Council Passed Laws Of Punishment To Those Who Missed Mass

• Internal Moral Decay In Scottish Catholic Leadership Brought On More Desire For Reform Than Anything

Cardinal David BeatonArchbishop Of St. Andrews Church,

Scotland1494-1546

http://www.electricscotland.com/history/other/images/Cardinal_Beaton.gif
Page 27: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

John Knox1505-1572

• Ordained Priest After Attending University of Glasgow & St. Andrews

• Sat At Feet Of Swiss Reformers• 1546 — Follower Of George

Wisehart• 1547 – Entered The Then Protestant

Stronghold At St. Andrews After Death Of Cardinal Beaton

• July, Captured By Catholics/ Spent 19 Months In The Galley Of A French Ship As Slave – Released In 1549

• 1549 – Received Protestant License To Preach From English King Edward VI, Son Of Henry VIII

• 1553 – Queen Mary Came To Throne And He Fled To Geneva, Influenced By Calvin – Close Friend Of Calvin Until Death In 1564

• 1559 – Returned To Scotland, With Elizabeth On The Throne In England

Page 28: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

Political Setting At This Time

• 1558 Elizabeth Came English Throne

• Mary, Queen Of Scots Had Recently Been Named Queen Of France

• French/Catholics Were Planning To Use Scotland As A Base To Invade England

• Protestants In Scotland Aided Elizabeth In Keeping Mary From Taking The Throne

• Result: Elizabeth Rewarded Protestants For Their Faithfulness To The Throne

– Catholic– She Was Believed To Be The Rightful Heir To The English Throne (Her Mother Was Sister To Henry VIII)

Page 29: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

John Knox Home In

Edinburgh

Page 30: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

Knox & The

Church Of

Scotland

• The True Church Had 3 Distinct Marks– True Preaching Of The

Word Of God– Church Discipline To Be

Administered According To The Bible

– Correct Administration Of The Sacraments Of Christ

• Reform Church Of Scotland Began – 1560– Abolished Papal Rule In

Scotland– Abolished All Contrary To

New Doctrine– Forbade Celebration Of

Mass

Page 31: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

St. Giles Church: Home Of The Church Of Scotland

Page 32: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

• By End Of 1560 The General Assembly For The Reformed Church Of Scotland Was Formed

• Wrote Two Disciplines– The Book Of Discipline –

1560: Teaching That Baptism And Lord’s Supper Could Be Administered Where The Word Of God Is Preached

– The Second Book Of Discipline - 1575

Page 33: Scotland’s Influence On Restoration Background 14 th Century – John Wycliffe Led A Reform Movement In England 16 th Century – Lutheranism Introduced

Reform After Knox• May, 1597, King James VI Of

Scotland Became Involved In Reformed Church Affairs: John Knox Was A Dear Friend, Who Preached At His Coronation

• 1603 – Ascended To English Throne As King James I

• Sought To Unite Scottish Reform With English Church

• Authorized An English Version Of The Bible To Be Translated – King James Version - 1611

• In August 1647 The General Assembly Of Edinburgh Adopted “Westminster Confession Of Faith”


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