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Scott Anderson, Rebecca Dombrowski and Michael West. Coastal and Southern Alaska. Monday July 3rd. Climate Precipitation Weather Maritime Affects Winds/Pressure Systems Ecosystem Disturbances Succession Limiting Factors Biosphere Specific Plants Land Activities Fauna. Precipitation. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Scott Anderson, Rebecca Dombrowski and Michael
West
Scott Anderson, Rebecca Dombrowski and Michael
West
Coastal and Southern Alaska
Coastal and Southern Alaska
Monday July 3rdMonday July 3rd Climate
Precipitation Weather Maritime Affects Winds/Pressure Systems
Ecosystem Disturbances Succession Limiting Factors Biosphere
Specific Plants Land Activities
Fauna
Climate Precipitation Weather Maritime Affects Winds/Pressure Systems
Ecosystem Disturbances Succession Limiting Factors Biosphere
Specific Plants Land Activities
Fauna
PrecipitationPrecipitationAverage annual precipitation
ranges from 21 to 78 in.Fall/Winter MonthsKodiak: 5 in. in summer 7 in. in
winter
Average annual precipitation ranges from 21 to 78 in.
Fall/Winter MonthsKodiak: 5 in. in summer 7 in. in
winter
Weather and HazardsWeather and Hazards
ModerateAvg. 30’s in Winter 50’s in
SummerTemps can range into the -20’s
ModerateAvg. 30’s in Winter 50’s in
SummerTemps can range into the -20’s
InsolationInsolation
Tilt 18-6 hrs.Albedo
Tilt 18-6 hrs.Albedo
Pressure Systems and Winds
Pressure Systems and Winds
Aleutian Low, North Pacific High
High winds, sometimes up to 50 mph in winter
Aleutian Low, North Pacific High
High winds, sometimes up to 50 mph in winter
Disturbances: Oil SpillsDisturbances: Oil Spills
Disturbances: Artic Fox
Disturbances: Artic Fox
Secondary SuccessionSecondary Succession
Primary SuccessionPrimary Succession
Recovery from FoxRecovery from Fox
Changes seen in past 30 years as fox are removed from the islands• Some bird populations have
stabilized, while others face extinction
Stability
Changes seen in past 30 years as fox are removed from the islands• Some bird populations have
stabilized, while others face extinction
Stability
Fox FreeFox Free
Limiting FactorsLimiting Factors
InsolationHigh Winds and Intense Storms
• Islands are Devoid of Trees Introduced Species
InsolationHigh Winds and Intense Storms
• Islands are Devoid of Trees Introduced Species
Disturbance RegimesDisturbance Regimes
Volcanic ActivityEarthquakesTsunamisLandslidesConstant High winds and
Storms
Volcanic ActivityEarthquakesTsunamisLandslidesConstant High winds and
Storms
Volcanic ActivityVolcanic Activity
Ghost ForestGhost Forest
Tundra and Temperate Rainforest
Tundra and Temperate Rainforest
Land ActivitiesLand Activities
Hikes Flora FaunaGlaciersVolcanoes
Hikes Flora FaunaGlaciersVolcanoes
BiosphereBiosphere Sufficient sunlight penetrates the canopy to support
a well-developed under story composed of shrubs, a layer of herbaceous plants, and then often a ground cover of mosses and ferns. This stratification beneath the canopy provides a numerous habitats for a variety of insects and birds. The deciduous forest also contains many members of the rodent family, which serve as a food source for bobcats, wolves, and foxes. This area also is a home for deer and black bears. Winters are not as cold as in the taiga, so many amphibian and reptiles are able to survive.
Scientists say that there is more biomass in this biome than in any other biome on earth. There may be 500 tons of living things per acre here! That translates down to about 206 pounds per square yard, about the same as one good sized human adult per square yard.
Sufficient sunlight penetrates the canopy to support a well-developed under story composed of shrubs, a layer of herbaceous plants, and then often a ground cover of mosses and ferns. This stratification beneath the canopy provides a numerous habitats for a variety of insects and birds. The deciduous forest also contains many members of the rodent family, which serve as a food source for bobcats, wolves, and foxes. This area also is a home for deer and black bears. Winters are not as cold as in the taiga, so many amphibian and reptiles are able to survive.
Scientists say that there is more biomass in this biome than in any other biome on earth. There may be 500 tons of living things per acre here! That translates down to about 206 pounds per square yard, about the same as one good sized human adult per square yard.
TreesTrees the topmost layer of the temperate rain forest on the western edge the topmost layer of the temperate rain forest on the western edge
of North America is dominated by four kinds of tall coniferous trees. of North America is dominated by four kinds of tall coniferous trees. These are:These are: The Douglas-Fir:The Sitka SpruceThe Western Red CedarThe The Douglas-Fir:The Sitka SpruceThe Western Red CedarThe Western Hemlock When these trees are full grown, they are Western Hemlock When these trees are full grown, they are between 130 to 280 feet tall.In some areas other conifers dominate. between 130 to 280 feet tall.In some areas other conifers dominate. For example, in California redwood trees grow in the temperate rain For example, in California redwood trees grow in the temperate rain forest. forest.
Small shade-loving trees, such as dogwoods and vine maples, Small shade-loving trees, such as dogwoods and vine maples, form the understory level. Beneath the trees, shrubs such as wild form the understory level. Beneath the trees, shrubs such as wild currants, thimbleberries, and huckleberries grow in the filtered currants, thimbleberries, and huckleberries grow in the filtered sunlight. Sword ferns, salal, and Oregan grape plants also thrive sunlight. Sword ferns, salal, and Oregan grape plants also thrive here.here.
At the ground level, the earth is littered with dead fir needles, At the ground level, the earth is littered with dead fir needles, leaves, twigs, and fallen trees. These lie on and under a thick carpet leaves, twigs, and fallen trees. These lie on and under a thick carpet of mosses, lichens, grasses, and small plants, such as Oregon oxalis of mosses, lichens, grasses, and small plants, such as Oregon oxalis (which has leaves like a shamrock). The rocks are green with moss, (which has leaves like a shamrock). The rocks are green with moss, and the tree trunks and branches are covered with moss and algae. and the tree trunks and branches are covered with moss and algae. These low-growing plants are shade tolerant. Here and there one These low-growing plants are shade tolerant. Here and there one may find toadstools, mushrooms, and other kinds of fungi: these may find toadstools, mushrooms, and other kinds of fungi: these saprophites (organisms that digest dead organic matter) help to saprophites (organisms that digest dead organic matter) help to recycle the dead material on the forest floor.recycle the dead material on the forest floor.
the topmost layer of the temperate rain forest on the western edge the topmost layer of the temperate rain forest on the western edge of North America is dominated by four kinds of tall coniferous trees. of North America is dominated by four kinds of tall coniferous trees. These are:These are: The Douglas-Fir:The Sitka SpruceThe Western Red CedarThe The Douglas-Fir:The Sitka SpruceThe Western Red CedarThe Western Hemlock When these trees are full grown, they are Western Hemlock When these trees are full grown, they are between 130 to 280 feet tall.In some areas other conifers dominate. between 130 to 280 feet tall.In some areas other conifers dominate. For example, in California redwood trees grow in the temperate rain For example, in California redwood trees grow in the temperate rain forest. forest.
Small shade-loving trees, such as dogwoods and vine maples, Small shade-loving trees, such as dogwoods and vine maples, form the understory level. Beneath the trees, shrubs such as wild form the understory level. Beneath the trees, shrubs such as wild currants, thimbleberries, and huckleberries grow in the filtered currants, thimbleberries, and huckleberries grow in the filtered sunlight. Sword ferns, salal, and Oregan grape plants also thrive sunlight. Sword ferns, salal, and Oregan grape plants also thrive here.here.
At the ground level, the earth is littered with dead fir needles, At the ground level, the earth is littered with dead fir needles, leaves, twigs, and fallen trees. These lie on and under a thick carpet leaves, twigs, and fallen trees. These lie on and under a thick carpet of mosses, lichens, grasses, and small plants, such as Oregon oxalis of mosses, lichens, grasses, and small plants, such as Oregon oxalis (which has leaves like a shamrock). The rocks are green with moss, (which has leaves like a shamrock). The rocks are green with moss, and the tree trunks and branches are covered with moss and algae. and the tree trunks and branches are covered with moss and algae. These low-growing plants are shade tolerant. Here and there one These low-growing plants are shade tolerant. Here and there one may find toadstools, mushrooms, and other kinds of fungi: these may find toadstools, mushrooms, and other kinds of fungi: these saprophites (organisms that digest dead organic matter) help to saprophites (organisms that digest dead organic matter) help to recycle the dead material on the forest floor.recycle the dead material on the forest floor.
AnimalsAnimals
Most of the animals in this forest live on or near the ground, where there is lots of food, and the trees provide shelter from sun, wind, and rain. Beetles burrow in the moss and hide in the bark of trees. Wood peckers and birds eat the insects. Grass is eaten by the voles (cute little mouse-like animals) and the deer.
Most of the animals in this forest live on or near the ground, where there is lots of food, and the trees provide shelter from sun, wind, and rain. Beetles burrow in the moss and hide in the bark of trees. Wood peckers and birds eat the insects. Grass is eaten by the voles (cute little mouse-like animals) and the deer.
ConclusionConclusionCome See Coastal AlaskaCome See Coastal Alaska