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David Nash Engineering Tech 4

Scour Critical Bridges and Unknown Foundations

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Page 1: Scour Critical Bridges and Unknown Foundations

David NashEngineering Tech 4

Page 2: Scour Critical Bridges and Unknown Foundations

Outline

Background/ Stats Reasons for our action – FHWA Memoranda LADOTD Actions and Decisions (Bridge Maintenance)

Progress Report (Projects, Methodology)

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Nat’l Background & Stats

590,000 highway bridges in the U.S. National Bridge Inventory

484,500 are over water 20,904 are scour critical 14,000 bridges in Louisiana database 4,127 bridges rated “U” 1,140 bridges rated “3”

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SI&A Guide

•Provides guidance in evaluating and coding specific bridge data

•Item 113 – Scour Critical Bridge Rating

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Item 113 ‐ Scour Critical Bridges 

8 ‐ Bridge foundations determined to be stable for the assessed or calculated scour condition. Scour is determined to be above top of footing

6 ‐ Scour calculation/evaluation has not been made. (Use only to describe case where bridge has not yet been evaluated for scour potential)

3 ‐ Bridge is scour critical; bridge foundations determined to be unstable for assessed or calculated scour conditions

N ‐ Bridge not over waterway

U ‐ Bridge with "unknown" foundation that has not been evaluated for scour. Until risk can be determined, a plan of action should be developed and implemented to reduce the risk to users from abridge failure during and immediately after a flood event

T – Bridge over “tidal” waters that has not been evaluated for  scour , but considered low risk. 

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Scour ?

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Types of Scour Local Scour – removal of sediment from around bridge piers or abutments

Contraction Scour – removal of sediment from the bottom and sides of a creek, stream or river

Degradational Scour – removal of sediment from the river bottom by the natural flow of a river

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•Schoharie Creek Bridge Collapse due to scour•FHWA Technical Advisory T5140.23

• Required states to evaluate existing bridges for scour• Required all DOT’s to develop Plans of Action for vulnerable to scour

•FHWA Memoranda• January 9, 2008 – Provided guidance and deadline (November 2010) for 

eliminating the population of bridges having unknown foundations

• June 3, 2009 – Deemed it acceptable to have a bridge coded U for SI&A item 113 after November 2010 as long as a POA was developed

•Compliance

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Schoharie Creek Bridge Final design accepted in January 1952 Bridge design called for five spans supported by concrete pier frames which consisted of tapered columns and tie beams

Columns were fixed into a lightly reinforced plinth, which rested on a shallow reinforced spread footing  designed to be protected by dry riprap

Bridge opened to traffic in fall 1954

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Schoharie Creek Bridge Cont’d

CLSymmetrical about

Plinth

Footing

Plinth Reinforcement

Column

Floor Beam atapprox. 20' o.c. Knee Brace

Cantilever FloorBeam Ends

Main GirderDeck

5'-0" wide X10'-0" deepTie Beam

7'-0" sq Column

Stringer at8'-6" o.c.

Bearing

27.75' 57' 27.75'

112.5'

Figure 1 - Pier Section ( after "Collapse," 1987 )

PIER 1 PIER 2 PIER 3 PIER 4

Flow

EastAbutment

SlopedEmbankment

RiprapSlopedEmbankment

West Abutment

NORTH

110' 120' 110' 100'SPAN 1100'

SPAN 2 SPAN 5SPAN 4SPAN 3

Figure 2 - Schematic plan of bridge ( after "Collapse," 1987 )

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Observations

•6 inches of rainfall combined with snowmelt produced 50 year flood morning of April 5, 1987 causing collapse

•100‐yr. flood experienced 1 year after completion 

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Schoharie Creek Cont’d

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Schoharie Creek Cont’d

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Here in Louisiana…

1990’s ‐ Began assessing bridges for scour susceptibility.

Bridges without plans rated “U” ‐ Unknown Keeping an eye on the uncertain ones. 2002 ‐ 5,460 Unknown Foundations Explored the many methods being used and recommended by FHWA

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For A Good Cause…

FHWA January 2008 Mandate

November 2010 – target date for eliminating bridges with unknown foundations from the NBIIf structures rated “scour critical” remain, there must be a POA created for them. 

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Louisiana Scour Bayou Anacoco Hickory Branch

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Bogue Chitto Relief System

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What Have WE Done ?

1990’s – LADOTD began assessing bridges for scour susceptibility.

Bridges without plans rated “U” ‐ Unknown Keeping an eye on the uncertain ones.

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Research In 2003 LA DOTD was approached by FDH‐SE, Inc.

Specialized in Dispersive Wave methodology

Other methods available included;• Parallel Seismic• Cross bore‐hole logging• Sonic Echo

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Pilot Project

107 Bridges were tested 11 “Control” structures

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Distribution of Test Sites

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Results Inconsistency in results for steel piles Some errors in timber piles, due to poor selection of timber piles 

2.69% ‐ Average error for concrete piles Parallel Seismic testing would be used for steel piles

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Intentions for Data Usage Bridge Scour analysis to be conducted Scour Susceptibility rated based on predicted scour and (3) tested pile lengths per bridge

Decrease number of bridges with unknown foundations

Construct/Implement Plans Of Action for all structures still rated “U”

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Current Testing LA DOTD contracted FDH‐SE, Inc. to test 1248 concrete and timber piles (1156 bridges)

FDH and LADOTD agreed that parallel seismic NDT would be done for all steel piles

State Project No. 700‐99‐0499 (Phase 1 and 2 Analysis)  900 bridges 

50% timber 42% concrete 8% steel

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Unknown Foundations Elimination

Category A: composed of bridges that are actively scouring or have existing scour holes

Category B: composed of bridges that have had inactive scour in several years. Cat B also includes bridges with drift problems

Category C: composed of bridges that have had no measured scour over the last 20 years (also includes those built after 2000)

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LADOTD Mandate Response Category definitions were developed based on Functional Classification (I26), ADT (I29), 

and Detour Length (I19). Some target dates  are below.

November 30, 2010 – All Bridges still coded “U” shall have a POA developed and implemented (4000 bridges)

November 30, 2010 – Obtain a final approved action plan for the elimination of “Unknown Foundations” from FHWA

December 31, 2011 – Completion of all bridge evaluations for bridges in Category A

December 31, 2013 – Completion of all bridge evaluations for bridges in Category B

December 31, 2014 – Completion of all bridge evaluations currently under contract and evaluation of bridges that have previous pile length testing completed. (1621 bridges)

December 31, 2015 – Completion of all bridge evaluations for bridges in Category C.

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Sometimes, you have to look underground 

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