Scrap Tire Management in the United States - NERC 2014... · Scrap Tire Management in the United States John Sheerin November 6, 2014 . 1 Market Trends and Stockpile Progress . in

Scrap Tire Management in the United States

John Sheerin November 6, 2014

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Market Trends and Stockpile Progress in the North Eastern United States

Rubber Manufacturers Association • Represents the 8 US tire manufacturers • Created scrap tire program in 1990 • Focus on development of environmentally

and economically sound markets for management for 100% of annually generated scrap tires

• Work for elimination of all scrap tire piles • Help develop appropriate legislative and

regulatory systems

RMA Tire Company Members

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© Rubber Manufacturers Association, 2014. May not be used, reproduced or cited without proper attribution.

Overview of Today’s Presentation

Status of scrap tire regulatory programs and markets in the North East 2013 U.S. Scrap Tire Market Update 2013 U.S. Update on Elimination of

Scrap Tires in Historical Stockpiles

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Who is responsible for Scrap Tires? • Consumer • Retailer • Recycler • End Users • States • Manufacturers

Responsibility is shared - E Pluribus Unum


It is about the money $$

• Lower costs to consumers – both a state tire fee and a scrap tire recycling charge are visible

• Recyclers conduct R&D, as do universities, and manufacturers

• Always a need for more and better markets • Development primarily driven by industry • States need dedicated funding

Methodology

• Examine each of the north east states on 5 criteria – State Tire Fee – Regulatory Program – Excessive Stockpiles – Market Development – Management of Annual Generation


State Analysis Dedicated Fee

Regulatory Program to Hauler level

Stockpiles (Mil tires)

Market Development

Markets for Annual Generation

CT No N 0 N N

DEL $2.00 N 0.11 N N

Maine $1.00 Y 0.2 N Y

MASS No N 0 N N

NH No N 0.04 N N

NJ $1.50 N 0 N Y

NY $2.50* Y 2.58 N Y

Penn $1.00* Y 1.16 N Y

RI No N 0 N N

VT No Y 0.46 N Y

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*NY fee diverted. *PA fee completely diverted.


Maine

• Cleaning up major stockpiles – 200,000 remain

• Maine processes other states tires • Strong TDF markets in 2 pulp and paper mills,

civil engineering applications, birthplace of TDA

• Regulatory program to hauler level, dedicated fee

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New Jersey • No major stockpiles – millions cleaned up over

last decades • Dedicated Fee • 1 mulch production facility, occasionally uses

Rubber Modified Asphalt • Regulatory program doesn’t go to hauler level • Has provided support for Counties • Discussed in ‘06 Solid Waste Management

Plan

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New York

• 2.58 Mil remain in stockpiles – large and small clean ups continue

• Markets in 2 ground rubber facilities, tdf in western part of state

• Dabbling in Rubber Modified Asphalt • Two Crumb Rubber fact sheets on line • Regulatory program to hauler level • Not enough of fee used for scrap tire purposes • Website information

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Pennsylvania

• 1.16 Mil remain in major stockpiles – large and small clean ups continue

• Strong TDF markets with 2 kilns, 1 utility boiler, 2 ground rubber and 2 mulch production facilities.

• Developing specs for Rubber Modified Asphalt, • PA DOT used it in 2008 • Regulatory program to hauler level • Fee delivered to transit agency • Lots of information on line

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Tire Derived Fuel Market in NE

• Exeter Tires-to-Energy facility in Sterling CT not using tires

• Markets in Maine, Upstate NY, Eastern Penn • When Exeter closed the national TDF market

worked. Tires shifted north to Maine and south to as far as North Carolina.

• Retailers saw no changes in service. • Transporters and processors scrambled.

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Ground Rubber Markets

• Rubber Modified Asphalt – Reportedly Vermont, Rhode Island, Massachusetts

and New Jersey have occasionally used. PA developing specs, NY dabbling.

• Molded/Extruded Products • Playground/Mulch/Animal Bedding • Sports Surfacing • Export • Automotive

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Synthetic Turf • Have any studies shown health effects with exposure to crumb rubber

chemicals? • Recently, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

(NYCDOHMH) commissioned a private consultant to conduct an extensive review of the literature, focusing on the release of chemicals, potential exposures and health effects related to synthetic turf fields. They found eleven human health risk assessments that evaluated exposure to chemicals in crumb rubber. Although each assessment used different approaches, they all had similar conclusions - exposure to the chemicals in crumb rubber is likely to be small and unlikely to increase the risk for any health effect.

• http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/46862.html

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Civil Engineering Markets

• Maine is main center for TDA technology • Dr. Dana Humphreys • CD

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Other

• Exports from Eastern Seaboard • Infinite opportunity and creativity

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Common Characteristics • Typically ban whole tires from landfill disposal • Regulate to the hauler level – AND ENFORCE • Remove stockpiles – competitively bid • Market development – taking down barriers to

markets, education, standardization, quality improvements, networking

• Market solutions are varied and market diversity is a resource that enhances stability

• Results – market use rates can exceed 100%


More Common Characteristics

• Sufficient resources • Regular reports • Easily workable websites with prominent scrap

tire information • Mid sized states with reasonable mid range

distances, mid range population densities

What they don’t do • Subsidize collection or

processing • Choose ‘winning’ markets • Raid the State Scrap Tire Fund • The exact same thing

All recycling scrap tires

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XRS-a5KKLrA/TmjjohgQ8OI/AAAAAAAAG1A/S6DvOWWcSmk/s1600/Wim-Delvoye_untitled-car-tyre-No2-detail_2_2009_63f551c55e.jpg


Need Market Development

• States not doing it – no market development plans or annual reports

• Markets are not large enough or diverse enough • Population densities and transportation distances

are favorable • Whole tires banned from landfill disposal • Industry has stepped up • Markets need to be sustainable, socially,

environmentally, economically

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U.S. Scrap Tire Trends 2005 - 2013

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82.0% 89.3% 85.3% 85.9%

95.9%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

2005 2007 2009 2011 2013

Perc

ent U

tilize

d

Thou

sand

s of T

ons

Total to Market Total Generated Market %


U.S. Scrap Tire Market Trends 2005 – 2013

Please note: RMA began tracking tires culled from scrap tire collection entering domestic used passenger and light truck used tire markets in 2009. RMA changed the way it incorporated estimates of tires entering used tire markets between 2009 and 2011. In 2009, RMA included used tires as a market for scrap tires. In 2011 and 2013, RMA subtracted used tires from the total tires hauled to calculate total net scrap tire generation.

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2144.64 2484.36

2084.75

1427.03

2120.29

552.51

789.09 1354.17

1093.50

975.00

639.99

561.56 284.92

294.99

172.00

132.58 130.00

54.29

49.17 111.99

102.08 102.10

302.48

245.84

27.76 1.92

30.00 18.88

27.14

27.10

65.55

65.56 47.59

7.13

7.10

7.10

7.10

100.51

1.85

1.90

1.90

1.90

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

2005 2007 2009 2011 2013

Thou

sand

s of

Ton

s

Tire-Derived Fuel Ground Rubber Used Tires* Civil Engineering Reclamation Projects

Exported Baled Tires/market Electric Arc Furnace Agricultural Punched/ Stamped

Total = 3,616.11

Total = 4,105.79 Total = 4,391.05

Total = 3,248.76

Total = 3,666.85


U.S. Scrap Tire Disposition 2013 (percent of total tons generated annually)

Tire-Derived Fuel 53.1%

Ground Rubber 24.4%

Land-Disposed 8.2%

Exported 6.2%

Civil Engineering 4.3%

Electric Arc Furnace

1.6%

Reclamation Projects

1.2%

Misc. Uses 1.0% Other

3.8%

Numbers may not add due to rounding.

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U.S. Tire-Derived Fuel Markets 2013

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Did you know? Total scrap tires diverted to TDF market: 2,120,300 tons or almost 130 million tires

Cement kilns 34%

Pulp and paper mills

34%

Electric utility boilers

27%

Dedicated scrap tires to energy

5%


U.S. Tire-Derived Fuel Market Trends 2005 – 2013

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802.0 669.1 604.0

305.4

726.0

539.3 1066.9

716.0

593.1

716.3

373.3 343.8

326.3

160.0

576.3

290.4 200.6

235.0

165.0

139.6 203.5

203.5

203.5

101.8

0.4

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2005 2007 2009 2011 2013

Thou

sand

s of T

ons

Cement kilns Pulp and paper mills Electric utility boilers

Industrial boilers Dedicated scrap tires to energy Lime kilns

Total = 1,427.0

Total = 2,120.3 Total = 2,084.8

Total = 2,484.4

Total = 2,144.6


Automotive 6%

Sports surfaces 17%

Molded/ Extruded

33%

Playground Mulch 31%

Asphalt 7%

Export 6%

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Please note: Ground rubber market distribution data are based on ground rubber consumed in end-use markets, not whole tires entering these market streams. The data represented in RMA U.S. scrap tire market summaries refer to the weight of whole tires diverted to all scrap tire markets, including ground rubber, whereas this chart refers to the weight of processed ground rubber, with wire, fluff and agglomerated rubber removed that is consumed in ground rubber end-use markets.

Did you know? Total tire rubber consumed in ground rubber markets: about 1,300,000,000 pounds Total scrap tires diverted to these markets: About 975,000 tons or almost 60 million tires

U.S. Ground Rubber Markets 2013 (percent of total pounds of ground rubber consumed in market)

© Rubber Manufacturers Association, 2014. May not be used, reproduced or cited without proper attribution. 31

U.S. Ground Rubber Market Distribution 2005 - 2013

Pleases note: Ground rubber market distribution data are based on ground rubber consumed in end-use markets, not whole tires entering these market streams. The data represented in RMA U.S. scrap tire market summaries refer to the weight of whole tires diverted to all scrap tire markets, including ground rubber, whereas this chart refers to the weight of processed ground rubber, with wire, fluff and agglomerated rubber removed that is consumed in ground rubber end-use markets.

80 100 115 108 75

225 400

500 488 430

250

300

400 277

225 25

100

320

320 400

120

100

175 220

90

30

100

115

45

80

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2005 2007 2009 2011 2013

Mill

ions

of P

ound

s

Automotive Molded/ Extruded Products Sports Surfacing Playgrounds/Mulch/ Animal Bedding Asphalt Export

Total = 730

Total = 1,458

Total =1,100

Total = 1,625

Total = 1,300


639.99

561.56

284.92 294.99

172

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2005 2007 2009 2011 2013

Thou

sand

s of T

ons

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U.S. Civil Engineering Markets 2005 - 2013





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U.S. Stockpiled Scrap Tires 1990 - 2013 1000.00 1000.00

685.39

509.98

308.45 271.79

180.36 142.27

127.60 125.04

76.73 75.06 R² = 0.9866

0.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

700.00

800.00

900.00

1000.00

Mill

ions

of T

ires

Did you know? In 1990, about a billion scrap tires were in stockpiles in the U.S. By 2013, about 92% of those tires have been cleaned up! Only 75 million more stockpiled tires still to go.



Market or Disposition 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 Tire-Derived Fuel 2144.64 2484.36 2084.75 1427.03 2120.29 Ground Rubber 552.51 789.09 1354.17 1093.50 975.00 Land Disposed 590.81 593.98 653.38 491.65 327.78 Exported 111.99 102.08 102.10 302.48 245.84 Civil Engineering 639.99 561.56 284.92 294.99 172.00 Reclamation Projects UNK 132.58 130.00 54.29 49.17 Electric Arc Furnace 18.88 27.14 27.10 65.55 65.56 Baled Tires/market UNK UNK 27.76 1.92 30.00 Agricultural 47.59 7.13 7.10 7.10 7.10 Punched/ Stamped 100.51 1.85 1.90 1.90 1.90 Baled/no market 42.22 9.31 15.57 32.78 No data Used Tires1 n/a n/a 371.25 n/a n/a Total to Market 3616.11 4105.79 4391.05 3083.76 3666.85 Generated2 4410.73 4595.72 5170.50 3781.00 3824.26 % to Market/Utilized 82.0% 89.3% 84.9% 81.6% 95.9% % Managed (including baled and landfilled tires)

96.3% 102.5% 97.9% 95.4% 104.5% 1RMA began tracking tires culled from scrap tire collection entering domestic used passenger and light truck used tire markets in 2009. RMA changed the way it incorporated estimates of tires entering used tire markets between 2009 and 2011. In 2009, RMA included used tires as a market for scrap tires. In 2011 and 2013, RMA subtracted used tires from the total tires hauled to calculate total net scrap tire generation. 2RMA changed the basis for reporting scrap tire generated annually from state-provided data in 2005-2007 to a calculation of replacement market tires sold and vehicles scrapped in 2009, 2011 and 2013.

U.S. Scrap Tire Market Summary (2005 – 2013) (in Thousands of Tons)

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U.S. Scrap Tire Disposition 2013

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Market or Disposition Thousands of Tons Millions of Tires % change 2011-2013 Tire-Derived Fuel 2120.29 129.37 48.6%

Cement Kilns 726.04 44.30 137.7% Pulp & Paper 716.25 43.70 20.8% Electric Utilities 576.25 35.16 260.2% Industrial Boilers 0.00 0.00 -100.0% Dedicated Tires-to-Energy 101.75 6.21 -50.0%

Ground Rubber 975.00 59.49 -10.8% Civil Engineering 172.00 10.49 -41.7% Exported 245.84 15.00 -18.7% Electric Arc Furnace 65.56 4.00 0.0% Reclamation Projects 49.17 3.00 -9.4% Agricultural 7.10 0.43 0.0% Baled Tires/market 30.00 1.83 1462.2% Punched/ Stamped 1.90 0.12 0.0% Total to Market 3666.85 223.74 12.9% Generated 3824.26 233.34 1.1% % to Market/Utilized 95.9% 95.9% 11.6% Land Disposed 327.78 20.00 -33.3% Baled/no market 0.00 -100.0% % Managed (includes Markets, Baled and Landfill)

104.5% 104.5% 4.7%


U.S. Scrap Tire Generation 2013

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Tire Class Millions of Tires Market % Average Weight (lbs)

Weight (thousands of tons)

Light Duty Tires 240.5 89.5% 22.5 2705.5 Passenger tire replacements1 199.3 74.1% Light truck tire replacements1 28.0 10.4% Tires from scrapped cars2 13.2 4.9% Commercial Tires 28.3 10.5% 120.0 1700.4 Medium, wide base, heavy truck replacement tires1

15.7 5.8%

Tires from scrapped trucks and buses2 12.6 4.7%

Total tires hauled 268.8 100.0% 32.8 4405.8 Used tires culled 35.5 13.2% 32.8 581.6 Net scrap tires 233.3 3824.3 1Factbook 2014: U.S. Tire Shipment/Activity Report for Statistical Year 2013, Rubber Manufacturers Association.

2 Ward's Motor Vehicle Facts and Figures, 2014. Includes the total number of vehicles removed from service in 2013. In 2013, Ward's did not publish vehicles retired from service separated for the car and truck/bus category. Instead, it only published total vehicles scrapped from service. RMA estimated the split between cars and trucks/buses based on the average of the split from 2002 - 2012. Assumes two tires scrapped from light duty vehicles and 2.5 tires scrapped from trucks and buses.


Conclusions • The Shared Responsibility approach HAS WORKED

• The approach requires a long term view and persistence

• The approach can be distracted • Few states have had the persistence to continue

programs past elimination of stockpiles to development of diverse end use markets for 100% annual generation

• Continued focus on markets will assure success


Any Safe Markets?? TDF? GR? Field Turf? Mulch? Rubber Modified Asphalt? Carbon Sequestration?? Taking the Environment Seriously by Meiners and Yandel – We have to make choices based on the best scientific knowledge we have

John Sheerin Rubber Manufacturers Association

1400 K Street NW Washington, DC 20005

(202) 682-4838 [email protected] WWW.RMA.ORG

QUESTIONS?

QUESTIONS?

Questions?


RMA is the national trade association representing tire manufacturers that make tires in the United States. RMA’s scrap tire management efforts are a reflection of the tire industry’s commitment to the concept of shared responsibility for its products when not suitable for use on vehicles. RMA began its scrap tire program in 1990 under the auspices of the Scrap Tire Management Council. RMA works with all stakeholders, including states, U.S. EPA and the industry to develop markets, reduce scrap tire stockpiles and implement state regulations that that foster sustainable scrap tire markets. RMA supports all scrap tire markets that are environmentally sound and economically feasible.

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Scrap Tire Management in the United States - NERC 2014... · Scrap Tire Management in the United States John Sheerin November 6, 2014 . 1 Market Trends and Stockpile Progress . in