SCULPTURE

Sculpture

• is a three-dimensional form constructed to represent a natural or imaginary shape.

Types of sculpture

Free-standing (sculpture on the round)

• is one which can be seen from more than one position

• e.g., statues of saints in Catholic churches

Relief sculpture

• is one which the figures project from a flat background

Kinds of relief sculpture

Bas relief

• is one in which the forms are slightly raised.

• e.g., coins and medals

High relief

• are those whose figures project to the extent of half their thickness or more, so that they are almost round.

Types of sculpture

Mobiles(kinetic sculpture)

• are made of strips of metal, glass, wood, or plastic, arranged with wires and hung where they can move.

Methods in sculpture making

Carving

• is a subtractive process• it involves removing unwanted

portions of the raw material to reveal the form that the artist has visualized.

• materials used: wood, stone, ivory, etc.

Modeling

• is an additive process• it means building the form

using highly plastic material such as clay or wax.

• an armature is used as skeleton for the form

Casting

• is a complete process• it begins with the production of

a negative mold, usually ceramic material

• a faithful negative reproduction is created

Fabrication

• is an additive process• it employs any method of

joining or fastening, such as• nailing, stapling, soldering, and

welding• the artist builds his form piece

by piece

Materials of sculpture

Stone

• limestone and sandstone are relatively porous and easy to carve.

Granite and basalt

• stones of volcanic origin are difficult to chisel.

Marble

• easier to carve than granite because it is softer.

Jade

• Is a fine colorful stone.

Wood

• is lighter and softer to work with than stone.

Ivory

• comes from the tusks of elephants and wild boar

Metals

• copper, brass, bronze, gold, silver, and lead

Plaster

• is finely ground gypsum or burned limestone

Clay

• used for ceramics and sculpture since the earliest times

Clay

• terra cotta – baked clay or clay fired at a relatively high temperature

• porcelain – is made from mixed clay containing a generous amount of kaolin and feldspar

Clay

• porcelain – is made from mixed clay containing a generous amount of kaolin and feldspar

Glass

• hand-blown glass is produced without the use of molds and machinery

Plastics

• transformed by chemical processes from organic materials like wood, natural resins, and coal

Luminal sculpture

• Are electronic devices – cathode tubes, photoelectric cells, etc.

• newest materials for sculpture