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Presentation on SDH Basics
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SDH Concepts
Features and advantages of SDH
• SDH is apparently synchronous. All the SDH recommendations are based upon the use of a SINGLE reference clock.
• SDH is compatible with existing PDH networks. • SDH provides much simpler extraction and insertion of
any lower- order Tributary stream from a higher-order Tributary stream or frame structure without the need to completely demultiplex
• SDH allows for integrated network management and performance monitoring using centralised network control.
PLESIOCHRONOUS MULTIPLEXING
140
34
34
88
2
34
8
8
2
OFTE
64 X
2Mbit/s
Tribs
8 Mbit/s DDF
2 Mbit/s DDF 34 Mbit/s DDF
140 Mbit/s DDF
(or Radio)
OPTICAL
FIBRE
STM-1 FRAME FORMAT
REGENERATORSECTIONOVERHEAD
MULTIPLEXSECTIONOVERHEAD
ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT (AU) POINTERS
STM-1 PAYLOAD
1 2709
9 ROWS
COLUMNS
STM-1 SECTION OVERHEADS
A1* A1* A1* A2* A2* A2* C1*
B1 E1 F1
D1 D2 D3
B2 B2 B2 K1 K2
D4 D5 D6
D7 D8 D9
D10 D11 D12
S1 Z1 Z1 Z2 Z2 Z2 E2
AU POINTERS
9 BYTES
9
ROWS
RSOH
MSOH
* First ROW of 9 Bytes are not scrambled.
* *
ADD-DROP MULTIPLEXERS
THROUGH CONNECTIONS
TRIBUTARY TO TRIBUTARY CONNECTION
ADD / DROPCONNECTION
ADD / DROPWITH PROTECTION
STM-n
FRAME
STM-n
FRAME
PDH TRIBUTARIES
OR
LOWER ORDER (OR SIMILAR)
STM-n FRAMES
Network Structures
AD-MUX
TRIBS
AD-MUX
TRIBS
AD-MUX
TRIBS
STM - 1 STM - 1
AD-MUX
TRIBS
AD-MUX
TRIBS
AD-MUX
TRIBS
STM - 1 STM - 1
1STM-1
AD-MUX
TRIBS
TERM
MUX
TRIBS
E M
ELEMENT
MANAGER
STM-1
GATEWAY
'Q' INTERFACE
SPUR
W E
W
LOCAL
TERMINAL
LT
RINGMASTER.
EXT. SYNC.
SDH Hierarchy (1)
STM-1 AU-4 VC-4
TU-3
TU-2
TU-12
VC-3
VC-2
VC-12
C-3
C-2
C-12MAPPING
ALIGNING
MULTIPLEXING1.5 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s
6.3 Mbit/s
45 Mbit/s34 Mbit/s
140 Mbit/s
x4
x3
x7
x3
TU-11 VC-11 C-11
Payload
AU-3 VC-3
x7
x3
C-4
TUG-2
TUG-3
AUG-4
KEY
x1
SDH Hierarchy (2)
STM-256
STM-64
STM-16
STM-4
STM-1
AUG-256
AUG-64
AUG-16
AUG-4
AUG-1
AU-4-64c
AU-4-16c
AU-4-4c
AU-4
AU-3
AU-4-64c
AU-4-16c
AU-4-4c
AU-4
AU-3
C-4-64c
C-4-16c
C-4-4c
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1 x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 4
x 4
x 4
x 4
x 3
Pointer Processing
Multiplexing
Aligning
Mapping
Cross connect Structure
Alarms and maintenance
Low Order (LO) Path
Tributary
G703 AIS
LO PTE HO PTE MSTE RSTE MSTE HO PTE LO PTE
High Order (HO) Path
Multiplexer Section
RegeneratorSection
RegeneratorSection
B1 BIP-8 B1 BIP-8
B2 BIP-24
BIP-2
REI/FEBE
RDI/RAI(V5)
REI/FEBE
FEBE/REI(V5)
RAI/RDI
(V5)
RAI/RDI(G1)
REI/FEBE(G1)
RDI/FERF(K2)
LOSLOF(A1/A2)
RDI/RAI(G1)
B3 (BIP-8)
LOP
LOSLOF
AIS
RDI/FERF(K2)
LOP
AIS(H1,H2)
LOP
AIS(V1,V2) AIS
Detection Transmission Generation
MS
Protection Mechanisms
• Network Protections:– MS-SPRING (2/4 fibre);– MSP (1+1 and 1:N);– 1+1 SNCP;– Gigabit Ethernet 1:1 Line Protection.
• Equipment Protections:– Power Supply Protection;– 1+1 Controller/Communication Card Protection;– 1+1 Switch Card Protection;– Fan Protection;– 1:N Tributary Card Protection on STM-1 G.703
tributary interfaces.
THANK YOU