SDR2020 Indicator profiles · 2020-07-15 · Cuba 1.1 2015 • p Montenegro 1.1 2015 • p Jamaica 1.1 2015 • 5 Colombia 1.1 2015 • p Portugal 1.1 2015 • 5 Maldives 1.1 2015

SDR2020 Indicator profiles

1 Sustainable Development Report 2020 The Sustainable Development Goals and Covid-19

* Imputed data point

Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org

• SDG achievement • Challenges remain • Significant challenges remain • Major challenges remain • Data not available L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing

Country Value Year RatingTrend

Estimated percentage of the population that is living under the poverty threshold of US$1.90 a day. Estimated using historical estimates of the income distribution, projections of population changes by age and educational attainment, and GDP projections.Source: World Data Lab (2020) Year of reference: 2020 (or closest available year)

Mauritania 3.2 2020 • LColombia 3.5 2020 • LIndonesia 3.7 2020 • LBrazil 4.2 2020 • 5Bangladesh 4.3 2020 • LBolivia 4.7 2020 • DSt. Lucia 4.8 2020 • LThe Gambia 6.6 2020 • LUzbekistan 6.8 2020 • LNepal 6.8 2020 • LGuatemala 6.9 2020 • DLao PDR 8.9 2020 • LGhana 9.9 2020 • LVanuatu 10.6 2020 • DBelize 11.5 2020 • pDjibouti 13.9 2020 • LCabo Verde 15.8 2020 • DKenya 15.9 2020 • DBotswana 16.1 2020 • DHonduras 17.1 2020 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 18.3 2020 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 18.7 2020 • DCameroon 19.5 2020 • DNamibia 19.6 2020 • 5Comoros 20.0 2020 • 5Suriname 20.4 2020 • pAngola 21.0 2020 • pGuinea 22.2 2020 • LSolomon Islands 23.0 2020 • 5Haiti 23.5 2020 • 5South Africa 24.5 2020 • 5Sudan 24.6 2020 • pEthiopia 25.3 2020 • LTurkmenistan 26.6 2020 • LSenegal 27.2 2020 • DPapua New Guinea 27.9 2020 • 5Timor-Leste 28.1 2020 • DBurkina Faso 33.2 2020 • DMali 34.3 2020 • DVenezuela, RB 36.6 2020 • pUganda 37.0 2020 • 5Sierra Leone 37.9 2020 • DTanzania 38.6 2020 • 5Chad 39.0 2020 • pLiberia 39.2 2020 • 5Eswatini 39.3 2020 • 5Togo 41.0 2020 • 5Benin 45.8 2020 • 5Rwanda 45.9 2020 • 5

Nigeria 47.6 2020 • pSomalia 50.5 2020 • 5Guinea-Bissau 52.2 2020 • DLesotho 52.3 2020 • 5Zambia 53.6 2020 • 5Mozambique 55.5 2020 • 5Niger 62.3 2020 • 5Malawi 66.5 2020 • 5Congo, Rep. 67.0 2020 • pCongo, Dem. Rep. 74.2 2020 • 5Madagascar 75.7 2020 • 5Burundi 75.9 2020 • pSouth Sudan 78.3 2020 • p

Central African Republic 80.0 2020 • 5

Afghanistan * NA NA • •Andorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •The Bahamas * NA NA • •Bahrain * NA NA • •Brunei Darussalam * NA NA • •Cuba * NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea * NA NA • •Eritrea * NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. * NA NA • •Kuwait * NA NA • •Libya * NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Oman * NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Qatar * NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Saudi Arabia * NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines * NA NA • •Syrian Arab Republic NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •United Arab Emirates * NA NA • •Yemen, Rep. * NA NA • •Zimbabwe * NA NA • •

Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90/day (%)

Azerbaijan 0.0 2020 • LBhutan 0.0 2020 • LMalaysia 0.0 2020 • LRussian Federation 0.0 2020 • LThailand 0.0 2020 • LTurkey 0.0 2020 • LKazakhstan 0.0 2020 • LMontenegro 0.0 2020 • LNew Zealand 0.0 2020 • LUruguay 0.0 2020 • LDominican Republic 0.0 2020 • LLebanon 0.0 2020 • LPoland 0.0 2020 • LBelarus 0.0 2020 • LMoldova 0.0 2020 • LCyprus 0.1 2020 • LSwitzerland 0.1 2020 • LUkraine 0.1 2020 • L

Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.1 2020 • L

Luxembourg 0.1 2020 • LFinland 0.1 2020 • LTonga 0.1 2020 • LEstonia 0.1 2020 • LSerbia 0.1 2020 • LMalta 0.1 2020 • LRomania 0.1 2020 • LUnited Kingdom 0.2 2020 • LIceland 0.2 2020 • LIreland 0.2 2020 • LTunisia 0.2 2020 • LFiji 0.2 2020 • LMorocco 0.2 2020 • LSlovenia 0.2 2020 • LCambodia 0.2 2020 • LChile 0.2 2020 • LGermany 0.2 2020 • LChina 0.2 2020 • LMauritius 0.2 2020 • LSamoa 0.2 2020 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 0.2 2020 • LNetherlands 0.2 2020 • LDenmark 0.2 2020 • LBelgium 0.2 2020 • LFrance 0.2 2020 • LIsrael 0.2 2020 • LSri Lanka 0.3 2020 • LNorway 0.3 2020 • LAlgeria 0.3 2020 • L

Czech Republic 0.3 2020 • LTrinidad and Tobago 0.3 2020 • LMongolia 0.3 2020 • LAlbania 0.4 2020 • LCanada 0.4 2020 • LJordan 0.4 2020 • LAustria 0.4 2020 • LHungary 0.5 2020 • LKorea, Rep. 0.5 2020 • LAustralia 0.5 2020 • LJapan 0.5 2020 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 0.5 2020 • LSweden 0.5 2020 • LLatvia 0.5 2020 • LPortugal 0.5 2020 • LUnited States 0.5 2020 • LCroatia 0.6 2020 • LVietnam 0.6 2020 • LLithuania 0.6 2020 • LArgentina 0.7 2020 • LArmenia 0.7 2020 • LCosta Rica 0.8 2020 • LKyrgyz Republic 0.8 2020 • LPakistan 0.9 2020 • LSingapore 0.9 2020 • LSlovak Republic 0.9 2020 • LSpain 0.9 2020 • LJamaica 1.0 2020 • LParaguay 1.0 2020 • LEl Salvador 1.1 2020 • LIraq 1.1 2020 • LMaldives 1.3 2020 • LBulgaria 1.3 2020 • LItaly 1.4 2020 • LGreece 1.4 2020 • LTajikistan 1.5 2020 • LPanama 1.6 2020 • LMexico 1.7 2020 • LMyanmar 2.1 2020 • LIndia 2.3 2020 • LPeru 2.3 2020 • LBarbados 2.4 2020 • 5Gabon 2.5 2020 • LGuyana 2.5 2020 • LEcuador 2.7 2020 • LGeorgia 2.8 2020 • LNicaragua 2.9 2020 • 5Philippines 3.1 2020 • LNorth Macedonia 3.2 2020 • L

Sustainable Development Report 2020 The Sustainable Development Goals and Covid-19 2



• SDG achievement • Challenges remain • Significant challenges remain • Major challenges remain • Data not available L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing


Estimated percentage of the population that is living under the poverty threshold of US$3.20 a day. Estimated using historical estimates of the income distribution, projections of population changes by age and educational attainment, and GDP projections.Source: World Data Lab (2020) Year of reference: 2020 (or closest available year)

Poverty headcount ratio at $3.20/day (%)

Kyrgyz Republic 15.6 2020 • LMauritania 16.9 2020 • LGuatemala 20.4 2020 • 5Pakistan 20.7 2020 • LPhilippines 22.1 2020 • LIndonesia 22.2 2020 • LGhana 23.6 2020 • DBelize 24.1 2020 • pIndia 24.6 2020 • LUzbekistan 28.7 2020 • DThe Gambia 29.1 2020 • DSuriname 30.3 2020 • pHonduras 30.3 2020 • 5Bangladesh 31.0 2020 • LNamibia 31.2 2020 • 5Botswana 31.3 2020 • 5Nepal 33.0 2020 • 5Vanuatu 33.6 2020 • 5South Africa 34.1 2020 • 5Djibouti 34.4 2020 • DCabo Verde 35.5 2020 • DLao PDR 36.2 2020 • DCameroon 36.9 2020 • 5Comoros 37.6 2020 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 40.8 2020 • DKenya 41.8 2020 • 5Angola 42.9 2020 • pHaiti 48.3 2020 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 50.2 2020 • 5Papua New Guinea 51.0 2020 • 5Solomon Islands 52.9 2020 • 5Senegal 52.9 2020 • DSudan 53.1 2020 • pTurkmenistan 54.1 2020 • DGuinea 54.4 2020 • DEthiopia 59.3 2020 • DEswatini 59.5 2020 • 5Venezuela, RB 59.7 2020 • pChad 64.1 2020 • pUganda 64.3 2020 • 5Togo 65.5 2020 • 5Mali 66.7 2020 • 5Burkina Faso 67.7 2020 • 5Timor-Leste 69.2 2020 • 5Benin 69.8 2020 • 5Sierra Leone 70.3 2020 • 5Liberia 70.4 2020 • 5Tanzania 70.6 2020 • 5Lesotho 71.6 2020 • 5

Zambia 72.1 2020 • 5Rwanda 72.9 2020 • 5Guinea-Bissau 75.6 2020 • 5Nigeria 76.9 2020 • pMozambique 77.5 2020 • 5Somalia 78.0 2020 • 5Congo, Rep. 85.8 2020 • pMalawi 87.4 2020 • 5Niger 88.3 2020 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 91.3 2020 • 5


Madagascar 92.0 2020 • 5Burundi 92.8 2020 • pSouth Sudan 94.0 2020 • pAfghanistan * NA NA • •Andorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •The Bahamas * NA NA • •Bahrain * NA NA • •Brunei Darussalam * NA NA • •Cuba * NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea * NA NA • •Eritrea * NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. * NA NA • •Kuwait * NA NA • •Libya * NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Oman * NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Qatar * NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Saudi Arabia * NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines * NA NA • •Syrian Arab Republic NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •United Arab Emirates* NA NA • •Yemen, Rep. * NA NA • •Zimbabwe * NA NA • •

Azerbaijan 0.0 2020 • LThailand 0.0 2020 • LMalaysia 0.0 2020 • LNew Zealand 0.0 2020 • LRussian Federation 0.0 2020 • LLebanon 0.1 2020 • LBelarus 0.1 2020 • LCyprus 0.1 2020 • LMontenegro 0.1 2020 • LPoland 0.1 2020 • LSwitzerland 0.1 2020 • LLuxembourg 0.1 2020 • LFinland 0.1 2020 • LKazakhstan 0.1 2020 • LUruguay 0.1 2020 • LMalta 0.2 2020 • LIceland 0.2 2020 • LUkraine 0.2 2020 • LIreland 0.2 2020 • LUnited Kingdom 0.2 2020 • LEstonia 0.2 2020 • LSlovenia 0.2 2020 • L


Germany 0.2 2020 • LNetherlands 0.3 2020 • LDenmark 0.3 2020 • LBelgium 0.3 2020 • LFrance 0.3 2020 • LNorway 0.3 2020 • LTurkey 0.3 2020 • LMoldova 0.3 2020 • LCzech Republic 0.4 2020 • LSerbia 0.4 2020 • LCanada 0.5 2020 • LAustria 0.5 2020 • LIsrael 0.6 2020 • LSweden 0.6 2020 • LAustralia 0.6 2020 • LKorea, Rep. 0.7 2020 • LJapan 0.7 2020 • LUnited States 0.7 2020 • LHungary 0.7 2020 • LRomania 0.9 2020 • LPortugal 0.9 2020 • LLatvia 0.9 2020 • LChile 0.9 2020 • LSingapore 1.1 2020 • LLithuania 1.1 2020 • L

Mauritius 1.1 2020 • LCroatia 1.1 2020 • LSlovak Republic 1.2 2020 • LSpain 1.3 2020 • LTrinidad and Tobago 1.3 2020 • LItaly 1.8 2020 • LCosta Rica 1.9 2020 • LChina 2.0 2020 • LAlgeria 2.0 2020 • LBulgaria 2.0 2020 • LTunisia 2.2 2020 • LGreece 2.4 2020 • DArgentina 2.9 2020 • 5Vietnam 3.5 2020 • LSamoa 4.1 2020 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 4.2 2020 • pTonga 4.2 2020 • LMongolia 4.3 2020 • 5Albania 4.4 2020 • LGuyana 4.5 2020 • LParaguay 4.5 2020 • LMorocco 4.5 2020 • LDominican Republic 4.8 2020 • LPanama 5.2 2020 • LBarbados 6.2 2020 • 5Armenia 6.5 2020 • LFiji 6.7 2020 • LEl Salvador 7.4 2020 • LMaldives 7.6 2020 • LSri Lanka 8.0 2020 • LNorth Macedonia 8.1 2020 • DPeru 8.5 2020 • DJordan 9.2 2020 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 9.5 2020 • LEcuador 10.1 2020 • 5St. Lucia 10.4 2020 • DBhutan 10.5 2020 • LBrazil 11.1 2020 • 5Bolivia 11.3 2020 • 5Colombia 11.3 2020 • DTajikistan 11.6 2020 • LMexico 11.9 2020 • DCambodia 12.3 2020 • LGabon 12.4 2020 • DGeorgia 12.7 2020 • DNicaragua 13.5 2020 • pJamaica 13.7 2020 • 5Myanmar 13.8 2020 • LIraq 14.5 2020 • D






Relative poverty is measured as the share of the population whose incomes fall below half the median disposable income for the entire population. The income threshold for relative poverty changes over time with changes in median disposable income.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%)(OECD Member States)

Iceland 5.4 2015 • LCzech Republic 5.6 2017 • LDenmark 5.8 2016 • LFinland 6.3 2017 • LHungary 8.0 2017 • LFrance 8.1 2017 • LNetherlands 8.3 2016 • LNorway 8.4 2017 • LSlovak Republic 8.5 2016 • LSlovenia 8.5 2017 • LIreland 9.0 2017 • LSwitzerland 9.1 2015 • LSweden 9.3 2017 • LAustria 9.4 2017 • LPoland 9.6 2017 • LBelgium 10.2 2017 • pGermany 10.4 2017 • pPortugal 10.7 2017 • L

New Zealand 10.9 2014 • •United Kingdom 11.9 2017 • pCanada 12.1 2017 • LLuxembourg 12.2 2017 • •Australia 12.4 2018 • DGreece 12.6 2017 • LItaly 13.9 2017 • pSpain 14.8 2017 • DJapan 15.7 2015 • 5Estonia 15.8 2017 • 5Chile 16.5 2017 • 5Latvia 16.6 2017 • pMexico 16.6 2016 • 5Israel 16.9 2018 • DTurkey 17.2 2015 • pLithuania 17.3 2017 • pKorea, Rep. 17.4 2017 • •United States 17.8 2017 • p






The percentage of the population whose food intake is insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements for a minimum of one year. Dietary energy requirements are defined as the amount of dietary energy required by an individual to maintain body functions, health and normal activity. FAO et al. (2015) report 14.7 million undernourished people in developed regions, which corresponds to an average prevalence of 1.17% in the developed regions. We assumed a 1.2% prevalence rate for each high-income country (World Bank, 2019) with missing data. Source: FAO (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Prevalence of undernourishment (%)

Vanuatu 7.2 2017 • LBelize 7.5 2017 • LThailand 7.8 2017 • LEcuador 7.9 2017 • LGeorgia 7.9 2017 • pJamaica 8.0 2017 • LGuyana 8.1 2017 • LIndonesia 8.3 2017 • LSuriname 8.5 2017 • 5China 8.6 2017 • LNepal 8.7 2017 • LSolomon Islands 8.9 2017 • LEl Salvador 9.0 2017 • LSri Lanka 9.0 2017 • LVietnam 9.3 2017 • LDominican Republic 9.5 2017 • LPeru 9.7 2017 • 5Cameroon 9.9 2017 • pPanama 10.0 2017 • 5Benin 10.1 2017 • 5The Gambia 10.2 2017 • 5Maldives 10.3 2017 • LMauritania 10.4 2017 • pGabon 10.5 2017 • pMyanmar 10.6 2017 • LParaguay 10.7 2017 • LLebanon 11.0 2017 • 5Senegal 11.3 2017 • LJordan 12.2 2017 • pCabo Verde 12.6 2017 • DHonduras 12.9 2017 • LLesotho 13.1 2017 • 5Philippines 13.3 2017 • DMongolia 13.4 2017 • LNigeria 13.4 2017 • pIndia 14.5 2017 • LBangladesh 14.7 2017 • DGuatemala 15.2 2017 • DTogo 16.1 2017 • DCambodia 16.4 2017 • DGuinea 16.5 2017 • pLao PDR 16.5 2017 • 5Niger 16.5 2017 • pNicaragua 17.0 2017 • 5Bolivia 17.1 2017 • LMalawi 17.5 2017 • 5Djibouti 18.9 2017 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 19.0 2017 • DBurkina Faso 20.0 2017 • 5

Sudan 20.1 2017 • 5Pakistan 20.3 2017 • 5Eswatini 20.6 2017 • DEthiopia 20.6 2017 • LVenezuela, RB 21.2 2017 • pTimor-Leste 24.9 2017 • 5Angola 25.0 2017 • DSierra Leone 25.6 2017 • pBotswana 26.4 2017 • pNamibia 27.3 2017 • DMozambique 27.9 2017 • pGuinea-Bissau 28.0 2017 • pIraq 29.0 2017 • pKenya 29.4 2017 • pAfghanistan 29.8 2017 • pTanzania 30.7 2017 • 5Rwanda 36.8 2017 • pLiberia 37.2 2017 • 5Chad 37.5 2017 • pYemen, Rep. 38.9 2017 • pCongo, Rep. 40.3 2017 • pUganda 41.0 2017 • pMadagascar 44.4 2017 • pZambia 46.7 2017 • pKorea, Dem. Rep. 47.8 2017 • pHaiti 49.3 2017 • 5Zimbabwe 51.3 2017 • p

Central African Republic 59.6 2017 • p

Bhutan NA NA • •Burundi NA NA • •Comoros NA NA • •Congo, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Eritrea NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Libya NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Moldova NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Papua New Guinea NA NA • •Somalia NA NA • •South Sudan NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •Syrian Arab Republic NA NA • •Tajikistan NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Andorra * 1.2 2017 • •Antigua and Barbuda* 1.2 2017 • •The Bahamas * 1.2 2017 • •Bahrain * 1.2 2017 • •Liechtenstein * 1.2 2017 • •Monaco * 1.2 2017 • •Palau * 1.2 2017 • •Qatar * 1.2 2017 • •San Marino * 1.2 2017 • •Seychelles * 1.2 2017 • •Singapore * 1.2 2017 • •St. Kitts and Nevis * 1.2 2017 • •Australia 2.5 2017 • LAustria 2.5 2017 • LAzerbaijan 2.5 2017 • LBelarus 2.5 2017 • LBelgium 2.5 2017 • L


Brazil 2.5 2017 • LCanada 2.5 2017 • LCroatia 2.5 2017 • LCuba 2.5 2017 • LCzech Republic 2.5 2017 • LDenmark 2.5 2017 • LFinland 2.5 2017 • LFrance 2.5 2017 • LGermany 2.5 2017 • LGreece 2.5 2017 • LHungary 2.5 2017 • LIceland 2.5 2017 • LIreland 2.5 2017 • LIsrael 2.5 2017 • LItaly 2.5 2017 • LJapan 2.5 2017 • LKazakhstan 2.5 2017 • LKorea, Rep. 2.5 2017 • LLatvia 2.5 2017 • LLithuania 2.5 2017 • LLuxembourg 2.5 2017 • LMalaysia 2.5 2017 • LMalta 2.5 2017 • LMontenegro 2.5 2017 • LNetherlands 2.5 2017 • LNew Zealand 2.5 2017 • LNorway 2.5 2017 • LPoland 2.5 2017 • LPortugal 2.5 2017 • LRomania 2.5 2017 • L

Russian Federation 2.5 2017 • LSlovenia 2.5 2017 • LSpain 2.5 2017 • LSweden 2.5 2017 • LSwitzerland 2.5 2017 • LTurkey 2.5 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 2.5 2017 • LUnited States 2.5 2017 • LUruguay 2.5 2017 • LUnited Arab Emirates 2.6 2017 • LChile 2.7 2017 • LKiribati 2.7 2017 • LSamoa 2.7 2017 • LKuwait 2.8 2017 • LEstonia 2.9 2017 • LBrunei Darussalam 3.2 2017 • LNorth Macedonia 3.2 2017 • LMorocco 3.4 2017 • LSlovak Republic 3.4 2017 • LUkraine 3.5 2017 • LBulgaria 3.6 2017 • LMexico 3.6 2017 • LFiji 3.7 2017 • LAlgeria 3.9 2017 • LBarbados 3.9 2017 • LArmenia 4.3 2017 • LTunisia 4.3 2017 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 4.5 2017 • LArgentina 4.6 2017 • LColombia 4.8 2017 • LCosta Rica 4.8 2017 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 4.9 2017 • LTurkmenistan 5.4 2017 • LGhana 5.5 2017 • LTrinidad and Tobago 5.5 2017 • LCyprus 5.6 2017 • LSerbia 5.7 2017 • L

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 5.7 2017 • L

Albania 6.2 2017 • LDominica 6.2 2017 • LSouth Africa 6.2 2017 • LMali 6.3 2017 • LUzbekistan 6.3 2017 • LMauritius 6.5 2017 • LOman 6.8 2017 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 7.0 2017 • LKyrgyz Republic 7.1 2017 • LSaudi Arabia 7.1 2017 • L






The percentage of children up to the age of 5 years that are stunted, measured as the percentage that fall below minus two standard deviations from the median height for their age, according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. UNICEF et al. (2016) report an average prevalence of wasting in high-income countries of 2.58%. We assumed this value for high-income countries with missing data.Source: UNICEF et al. (2020) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)

Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%)

Belize 15.0 2015 • DBolivia 16.1 2016 • LLebanon 16.5 2004 • DSenegal 17.0 2016 • DSão Tomé and Príncipe 17.2 2014 • LNicaragua 17.3 2012 • DSri Lanka 17.3 2016 • DGabon 17.5 2012 • DAzerbaijan 18.0 2013 • DGhana 18.8 2014 • LPanama 19.1 2008 • LUzbekistan 19.6 2006 • DBrunei Darussalam 19.7 2009 • DMaldives 20.3 2009 • DMalaysia 20.7 2016 • 5Libya 21.0 2007 • 5Congo, Rep. 21.2 2015 • DCôte d’Ivoire 21.6 2016 • DHaiti 21.9 2012 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 22.3 2014 • LIraq 22.6 2011 • DHonduras 22.7 2012 • 5Ukraine 22.9 2000 • 5Albania 23.1 2009 • 5Namibia 23.1 2013 • DEcuador 23.9 2014 • DNauru 24.0 2007 • •Vietnam 24.6 2015 • LThe Gambia 25.0 2013 • 5Somalia 25.3 2009 • 5Eswatini 25.5 2014 • LKenya 26.0 2014 • 5Equatorial Guinea 26.2 2011 • DTajikistan 26.8 2012 • 5Zimbabwe 26.8 2015 • DBurkina Faso 27.3 2016 • DSouth Africa 27.4 2016 • DSyrian Arab Republic 27.5 2009 • 5Togo 27.5 2014 • DGuinea-Bissau 27.6 2014 • DKorea, Dem. Rep. 27.9 2012 • DMauritania 27.9 2015 • pVanuatu 28.5 2013 • 5Uganda 28.9 2016 • 5Myanmar 29.2 2016 • DMali 30.4 2015 • 5South Sudan 31.1 2010 • 5Botswana 31.4 2007 • 5Solomon Islands 31.6 2015 • 5

Cameroon 31.7 2014 • 5Comoros 32.1 2012 • 5Liberia 32.1 2013 • DCambodia 32.4 2014 • 5Guinea 32.4 2016 • DLesotho 33.2 2014 • 5Philippines 33.4 2015 • 5Djibouti 33.5 2012 • 5Bhutan 33.6 2010 • 5Benin 34.0 2014 • DTanzania 34.4 2015 • DNepal 35.8 2016 • 5Bangladesh 36.1 2014 • 5Indonesia 36.4 2013 • 5Malawi 37.1 2015 • 5Angola 37.6 2016 • 5Rwanda 37.9 2015 • 5Sierra Leone 37.9 2013 • 5Sudan 38.2 2014 • 5Ethiopia 38.4 2016 • 5India 38.4 2015 • DChad 39.9 2015 • 5Zambia 40.0 2013 • 5


Afghanistan 40.9 2013 • 5Niger 42.2 2016 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 42.6 2013 • 5Mozambique 43.1 2011 • 5Nigeria 43.6 2016 • LLao PDR 43.8 2011 • 5Pakistan 45.0 2012 • 5Guatemala 46.5 2015 • 5Yemen, Rep. 46.5 2013 • DMadagascar 49.2 2009 • 5Papua New Guinea 49.5 2010 • 5Timor-Leste 50.2 2013 • 5Eritrea 50.3 2010 • 5Burundi 55.9 2016 • 5Cabo Verde NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Mauritius NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Russian Federation NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •

Germany 1.3 2005 • LChile 1.8 2014 • LAustralia 2.0 2007 • LUnited States 2.1 2012 • LKorea, Rep. 2.5 2010 • LSt. Lucia 2.5 2012 • LAndorra * 2.6 2016 • LAntigua and Barbuda* 2.6 2016 • LAustria * 2.6 2016 • LThe Bahamas * 2.6 2016 • LBahrain * 2.6 2016 • LBelgium * 2.6 2016 • LCanada * 2.6 2016 • LCroatia * 2.6 2016 • LCyprus * 2.6 2016 • LDenmark * 2.6 2016 • LEstonia * 2.6 2016 • LFinland * 2.6 2016 • LFrance * 2.6 2016 • LGreece * 2.6 2016 • LHungary * 2.6 2016 • LIceland * 2.6 2016 • LIreland * 2.6 2016 • LIsrael * 2.6 2016 • LItaly * 2.6 2016 • LLatvia * 2.6 2016 • LLiechtenstein * 2.6 2016 • •Lithuania * 2.6 2016 • LLuxembourg * 2.6 2016 • LMalta * 2.6 2016 • LMonaco * 2.6 2016 • •Netherlands * 2.6 2016 • LNew Zealand * 2.6 2016 • LNorway * 2.6 2016 • LPalau * 2.6 2016 • •Poland * 2.6 2016 • LPortugal * 2.6 2016 • LQatar * 2.6 2016 • LSan Marino * 2.6 2016 • •Slovak Republic * 2.6 2016 • LSlovenia * 2.6 2016 • LSpain * 2.6 2016 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis * 2.6 2016 • •Sweden * 2.6 2016 • LSwitzerland * 2.6 2016 • LUnited Arab Emirates* 2.6 2016 • LUnited Kingdom * 2.6 2016 • LCzech Republic 2.6 2001 • LSingapore 4.4 2000 • L

Belarus 4.5 2005 • LSamoa 4.7 2014 • LKuwait 4.9 2015 • LNorth Macedonia 4.9 2011 • LCosta Rica 5.6 2008 • LParaguay 5.6 2016 • LSerbia 6.0 2014 • LJamaica 6.2 2014 • LMoldova 6.4 2012 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 6.8 2011 • LCuba 7.0 2000 • LBrazil 7.1 2007 • LDominican Republic 7.1 2013 • LJapan 7.1 2010 • LFiji 7.5 2004 • LBarbados 7.7 2012 • LJordan 7.8 2012 • LSeychelles 7.9 2012 • 5Kazakhstan 8.0 2015 • LChina 8.1 2013 • DTonga 8.1 2012 • DArgentina 8.2 2005 • LBulgaria 8.8 2004 • DSuriname 8.8 2010 • L


Saudi Arabia 9.3 2005 • DArmenia 9.4 2016 • LMontenegro 9.4 2013 • 5Turkey 9.5 2013 • LTuvalu 10.0 2007 • •Tunisia 10.1 2012 • DThailand 10.5 2016 • 5Uruguay 10.7 2011 • DMongolia 10.8 2013 • DTrinidad and Tobago 11.0 2011 • LGeorgia 11.3 2009 • DTurkmenistan 11.5 2015 • LAlgeria 11.7 2012 • 5Guyana 12.0 2014 • LMexico 12.4 2015 • LColombia 12.7 2010 • DRomania 12.8 2002 • DKyrgyz Republic 12.9 2014 • DPeru 13.1 2016 • LVenezuela, RB 13.4 2009 • 5El Salvador 13.6 2014 • LOman 14.1 2014 • pMorocco 14.9 2011 • D






Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%)

Samoa 3.7 2014 • LSt. Lucia 3.7 2012 • LSerbia 3.9 2014 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 4.0 2011 • LKenya 4.0 2014 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 4.0 2012 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 4.0 2014 • LAlgeria 4.1 2012 • LVenezuela, RB 4.1 2009 • LArmenia 4.2 2016 • LTurkmenistan 4.2 2015 • LSeychelles 4.3 2012 • LVanuatu 4.4 2013 • LBenin 4.5 2014 • LTanzania 4.5 2015 • LUzbekistan 4.5 2006 • LCzech Republic 4.6 2001 • LGhana 4.7 2014 • LAngola 4.9 2016 • LSuriname 5.0 2010 • LBurundi 5.1 2016 • 5Cameroon 5.2 2014 • LHaiti 5.2 2012 • LTonga 5.2 2012 • LThailand 5.4 2016 • 5Liberia 5.6 2013 • LBhutan 5.9 2010 • LCôte d’Ivoire 6.0 2016 • LGuinea-Bissau 6.0 2014 • LMozambique 6.1 2011 • LFiji 6.3 2004 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 6.3 2011 • LZambia 6.3 2013 • 5Guyana 6.4 2014 • DLao PDR 6.4 2011 • 5Vietnam 6.4 2015 • LLibya 6.5 2007 • 5Lebanon 6.6 2004 • LTogo 6.7 2014 • pBarbados 6.8 2012 • LMyanmar 7.0 2016 • LNamibia 7.1 2013 • DPhilippines 7.1 2015 • 5Botswana 7.2 2007 • LSenegal 7.2 2016 • L

Central African Republic 7.4 2010 • D

Iraq 7.4 2011 • DOman 7.5 2014 • 5

Burkina Faso 7.6 2016 • LSolomon Islands 7.9 2015 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 8.1 2013 • LGuinea 8.1 2016 • 5Congo, Rep. 8.2 2015 • pUkraine 8.2 2000 • LAlbania 9.4 2009 • DSierra Leone 9.4 2013 • DAfghanistan 9.5 2013 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 9.5 2014 • LCambodia 9.6 2014 • DNepal 9.7 2016 • DEthiopia 9.9 2016 • 5Tajikistan 9.9 2012 • 5Maldives 10.2 2009 • DNiger 10.3 2016 • 5Pakistan 10.5 2012 • DNigeria 10.8 2016 • 5Timor-Leste 11.0 2013 • DComoros 11.1 2012 • DThe Gambia 11.1 2013 • pMalaysia 11.5 2016 • pSyrian Arab Republic 11.5 2009 • pSaudi Arabia 11.8 2005 • LChad 13.0 2015 • 5Indonesia 13.5 2013 • DMali 13.5 2015 • pBangladesh 14.3 2014 • 5Papua New Guinea 14.3 2010 • DMauritania 14.8 2015 • pSomalia 15.0 2009 • 5Sri Lanka 15.1 2016 • DMadagascar 15.2 2004 • 5Eritrea 15.3 2010 • 5Sudan 16.3 2014 • DYemen, Rep. 16.3 2013 • pIndia 21.0 2015 • 5Djibouti 21.5 2012 • 5South Sudan 22.7 2010 • DCabo Verde NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Mauritius NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Russian Federation NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •

Australia 0.0 2007 • LChile 0.3 2014 • LUnited States 0.5 2012 • LAndorra * 0.7 2016 • LAntigua and Barbuda* 0.7 2016 • LAustria * 0.7 2016 • LThe Bahamas * 0.7 2016 • LBahrain * 0.7 2016 • LBelgium * 0.7 2016 • LCanada * 0.7 2016 • LCroatia * 0.7 2016 • LCyprus * 0.7 2016 • LDenmark * 0.7 2016 • LEstonia * 0.7 2016 • LFinland * 0.7 2016 • LFrance * 0.7 2016 • LGreece * 0.7 2016 • LGuatemala 0.7 2015 • LHungary * 0.7 2016 • LIceland * 0.7 2016 • LIreland * 0.7 2016 • LIsrael * 0.7 2016 • LItaly * 0.7 2016 • LLatvia * 0.7 2016 • LLiechtenstein * 0.7 2016 • •Lithuania * 0.7 2016 • LLuxembourg * 0.7 2016 • LMalta * 0.7 2016 • LMonaco * 0.7 2016 • •Netherlands * 0.7 2016 • LNew Zealand * 0.7 2016 • LNorway * 0.7 2016 • LPalau * 0.7 2016 • •Poland * 0.7 2016 • LPortugal * 0.7 2016 • LQatar * 0.7 2016 • LSan Marino * 0.7 2016 • •Slovak Republic * 0.7 2016 • LSlovenia * 0.7 2016 • LSpain * 0.7 2016 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis * 0.7 2016 • •Sweden * 0.7 2016 • LSwitzerland * 0.7 2016 • LUnited Arab Emirates* 0.7 2016 • LUnited Kingdom * 0.7 2016 • LColombia 0.9 2010 • LCosta Rica 1.0 2008 • LGermany 1.0 2005 • LMexico 1.0 2015 • L

Mongolia 1.0 2013 • LNauru 1.0 2007 • •Paraguay 1.0 2016 • LPeru 1.0 2016 • LArgentina 1.2 2005 • LKorea, Rep. 1.2 2010 • LPanama 1.2 2008 • LUruguay 1.3 2011 • LHonduras 1.4 2012 • LBrazil 1.6 2007 • LEcuador 1.6 2014 • LGeorgia 1.6 2009 • LTurkey 1.7 2013 • LBelize 1.8 2015 • LNorth Macedonia 1.8 2011 • LChina 1.9 2013 • LMoldova 1.9 2012 • LBolivia 2.0 2016 • LEswatini 2.0 2014 • LEl Salvador 2.1 2014 • LBelarus 2.2 2005 • LNicaragua 2.2 2012 • LRwanda 2.2 2015 • L


Japan 2.3 2010 • LMorocco 2.3 2011 • LCuba 2.4 2000 • LDominican Republic 2.4 2013 • LJordan 2.4 2012 • LSouth Africa 2.5 2016 • LMalawi 2.7 2015 • LKyrgyz Republic 2.8 2014 • LLesotho 2.8 2014 • LMontenegro 2.8 2013 • LTunisia 2.8 2012 • LBrunei Darussalam 2.9 2009 • LAzerbaijan 3.1 2013 • LEquatorial Guinea 3.1 2011 • LKazakhstan 3.1 2015 • LKuwait 3.1 2015 • LBulgaria 3.2 2004 • LZimbabwe 3.2 2015 • LTuvalu 3.3 2007 • •Gabon 3.4 2012 • LRomania 3.5 2002 • LJamaica 3.6 2014 • LSingapore 3.6 2000 • LUganda 3.6 2016 • L

The percentage of children up to the age of 5 years whose weight falls below minus two standard deviations from the median weight for their age, according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. UNICEF et al. (2016) report an average prevalence of wasting in high-income countries of 0.75%. We assumed this value for high-income countries with missing data.Source: UNICEF et al. (2020) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)






Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population)

Kazakhstan 21.0 2016 • pEstonia 21.2 2016 • pGuatemala 21.2 2016 • pGrenada 21.3 2016 • pPapua New Guinea 21.3 2016 • pHonduras 21.4 2016 • pSerbia 21.5 2016 • pFrance 21.6 2016 • pAlbania 21.7 2016 • pGeorgia 21.7 2016 • pCyprus 21.8 2016 • pIceland 21.9 2016 • pBelgium 22.1 2016 • pBrazil 22.1 2016 • pFinland 22.2 2016 • pColombia 22.3 2016 • pGermany 22.3 2016 • pNorth Macedonia 22.4 2016 • pRomania 22.5 2016 • pSolomon Islands 22.5 2016 • pLuxembourg 22.6 2016 • pHaiti 22.7 2016 • pPanama 22.7 2016 • pSt. Kitts and Nevis 22.9 2016 • pBarbados 23.1 2016 • pNorway 23.1 2016 • pPoland 23.1 2016 • pRussian Federation 23.1 2016 • pMontenegro 23.3 2016 • pLatvia 23.6 2016 • pNicaragua 23.7 2016 • p

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 23.7 2016 • p

Spain 23.8 2016 • pBelize 24.1 2016 • pUkraine 24.1 2016 • pCroatia 24.4 2016 • pBelarus 24.5 2016 • pCuba 24.6 2016 • pEl Salvador 24.6 2016 • pJamaica 24.7 2016 • pGreece 24.9 2016 • pBulgaria 25.0 2016 • pVanuatu 25.2 2016 • pIreland 25.3 2016 • pAndorra 25.6 2016 • pVenezuela, RB 25.6 2016 • pCosta Rica 25.7 2016 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 25.8 2016 • p

Czech Republic 26.0 2016 • pIsrael 26.1 2016 • pMorocco 26.1 2016 • pLithuania 26.3 2016 • pHungary 26.4 2016 • pSuriname 26.4 2016 • pTunisia 26.9 2016 • pOman 27.0 2016 • pAlgeria 27.4 2016 • pDominican Republic 27.6 2016 • pSyrian Arab Republic 27.8 2016 • pUnited Kingdom 27.8 2016 • pDominica 27.9 2016 • pUruguay 27.9 2016 • pChile 28.0 2016 • pArgentina 28.3 2016 • pSouth Africa 28.3 2016 • pMalta 28.9 2016 • pMexico 28.9 2016 • pAustralia 29.0 2016 • pCanada 29.4 2016 • pBahrain 29.8 2016 • pFiji 30.2 2016 • pIraq 30.4 2016 • pNew Zealand 30.8 2016 • pThe Bahamas 31.6 2016 • pUnited Arab Emirates 31.7 2016 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 32.0 2016 • pLebanon 32.0 2016 • pTurkey 32.1 2016 • pLibya 32.5 2016 • pQatar 35.1 2016 • pSaudi Arabia 35.4 2016 • pJordan 35.5 2016 • pUnited States 36.2 2016 • pKuwait 37.9 2016 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 45.8 2016 • pKiribati 46.0 2016 • pSamoa 47.3 2016 • pTonga 48.2 2016 • pTuvalu 51.6 2016 • pMarshall Islands 52.9 2016 • pPalau 55.3 2016 • pNauru 61.0 2016 • pLiechtenstein NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •South Sudan NA NA • •Sudan NA NA • •

Vietnam 2.1 2016 • LBangladesh 3.6 2016 • LTimor-Leste 3.8 2016 • LCambodia 3.9 2016 • LIndia 3.9 2016 • LNepal 4.1 2016 • LJapan 4.3 2016 • LEthiopia 4.5 2016 • LKorea, Rep. 4.7 2016 • LEritrea 5.0 2016 • LSri Lanka 5.2 2016 • LLao PDR 5.3 2016 • LMadagascar 5.3 2016 • LUganda 5.3 2016 • LBurundi 5.4 2016 • LAfghanistan 5.5 2016 • LNiger 5.5 2016 • LBurkina Faso 5.6 2016 • LMalawi 5.8 2016 • LMyanmar 5.8 2016 • LRwanda 5.8 2016 • LChad 6.1 2016 • LSingapore 6.1 2016 • LChina 6.2 2016 • LBhutan 6.4 2016 • LPhilippines 6.4 2016 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 6.7 2016 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 6.8 2016 • LIndonesia 6.9 2016 • LKenya 7.1 2016 • LMozambique 7.2 2016 • L

Central African Republic 7.5 2016 • L

Guinea 7.7 2016 • LComoros 7.8 2016 • LEquatorial Guinea 8.0 2016 • LZambia 8.1 2016 • LAngola 8.2 2016 • LSomalia 8.3 2016 • LTanzania 8.4 2016 • LTogo 8.4 2016 • LMaldives 8.6 2016 • LMali 8.6 2016 • LPakistan 8.6 2016 • LSierra Leone 8.7 2016 • LSenegal 8.8 2016 • LNigeria 8.9 2016 • LGuinea-Bissau 9.5 2016 • LBenin 9.6 2016 • L

Congo, Rep. 9.6 2016 • LLiberia 9.9 2016 • LThailand 10.0 2016 • LCôte d’Ivoire 10.3 2016 • pThe Gambia 10.3 2016 • pMauritius 10.8 2016 • pGhana 10.9 2016 • pCameroon 11.4 2016 • pCabo Verde 11.8 2016 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 12.4 2016 • pMauritania 12.7 2016 • pDjibouti 13.5 2016 • pSeychelles 14.0 2016 • pBrunei Darussalam 14.1 2016 • pTajikistan 14.2 2016 • pGabon 15.0 2016 • pZimbabwe 15.5 2016 • pMalaysia 15.6 2016 • pEswatini 16.5 2016 • pKyrgyz Republic 16.6 2016 • pLesotho 16.6 2016 • pUzbekistan 16.6 2016 • pYemen, Rep. 17.1 2016 • pNamibia 17.2 2016 • p

Bosnia and Herzegovina 17.9 2016 • p

Trinidad and Tobago 18.6 2016 • pTurkmenistan 18.6 2016 • pAntigua and Barbuda 18.9 2016 • pBotswana 18.9 2016 • pMoldova 18.9 2016 • pSwitzerland 19.5 2016 • pDenmark 19.7 2016 • pPeru 19.7 2016 • pSt. Lucia 19.7 2016 • pAzerbaijan 19.9 2016 • pEcuador 19.9 2016 • pItaly 19.9 2016 • pAustria 20.1 2016 • pArmenia 20.2 2016 • pBolivia 20.2 2016 • pGuyana 20.2 2016 • pSlovenia 20.2 2016 • pParaguay 20.3 2016 • pNetherlands 20.4 2016 • pSlovak Republic 20.5 2016 • pMongolia 20.6 2016 • pSweden 20.6 2016 • pPortugal 20.8 2016 • p

The percentage of the adult population that has a body mass index (BMI) of 30kg/m² or higher, based on measured height and weight.Source: WHO (2020) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)






Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst)

Korea, Rep. 2.3 2017 • pUkraine 2.3 2017 • 5Armenia 2.3 2017 • 5Nicaragua 2.3 2017 • DJamaica 2.3 2017 • 5Honduras 2.3 2017 • DSaudi Arabia 2.3 2017 • 5Uzbekistan 2.3 2017 • 5The Bahamas 2.3 2017 • DGrenada 2.3 2017 • 5Botswana 2.3 2017 • LMalta 2.3 2017 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 2.3 2017 • DVenezuela, RB 2.3 2017 • LTrinidad and Tobago 2.3 2017 • 5Mauritania 2.3 2017 • 5Oman 2.3 2017 • DChile 2.3 2017 • pMexico 2.3 2017 • 5Turkmenistan 2.3 2017 • 5Ecuador 2.3 2017 • DBarbados 2.3 2017 • 5Georgia 2.3 2017 • 5Luxembourg 2.3 2017 • 5Romania 2.3 2017 • 5Myanmar 2.3 2017 • 5Serbia 2.3 2017 • 5Poland 2.4 2017 • pRussian Federation 2.4 2017 • 5Canada 2.4 2017 • DMoldova 2.4 2017 • 5Bulgaria 2.4 2017 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 2.4 2017 • DMalaysia 2.4 2017 • 5St. Lucia 2.4 2017 • DBrazil 2.4 2017 • 5Croatia 2.4 2017 • LCzech Republic 2.4 2017 • pUruguay 2.4 2017 • DCyprus 2.4 2017 • 5Belgium 2.4 2017 • DJapan 2.4 2017 • 5Greece 2.4 2017 • 5Sudan 2.4 2011 • •Albania 2.4 2017 • pKazakhstan 2.4 2017 • pCosta Rica 2.4 2017 • 5New Zealand 2.4 2017 • pIreland 2.4 2017 • D

Slovenia 2.4 2017 • pSlovak Republic 2.4 2017 • pArgentina 2.4 2017 • 5Israel 2.4 2017 • pLatvia 2.4 2017 • pSeychelles 2.4 2007 • •Maldives 2.4 2017 • LAustria 2.4 2017 • pUnited Kingdom 2.4 2017 • 5Spain 2.4 2017 • pItaly 2.4 2017 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 2.4 2017 • 5Hungary 2.4 2017 • pBrunei Darussalam 2.4 2013 • •Germany 2.4 2017 • pPortugal 2.4 2017 • 5Pakistan 2.5 2017 • pUnited States 2.5 2017 • pAustralia 2.5 2017 • 5Switzerland 2.5 2017 • 5Estonia 2.5 2017 • pFrance 2.5 2017 • 5Montenegro 2.5 2017 • 5Lithuania 2.5 2017 • pDenmark 2.5 2017 • pNetherlands 2.5 2017 • pSweden 2.5 2017 • 5Norway 2.5 2017 • 5Mongolia 2.5 2017 • pFinland 2.6 2017 • pIceland 2.6 2017 • 5Eswatini 4.0 2017 • pAndorra NA NA • •Bahrain NA NA • •Bhutan NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Papua New Guinea NA NA • •Qatar NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Singapore NA NA • •Somalia NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Burundi 2.0 2007 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 2.0 2007 • •Nigeria 2.0 2017 • LRwanda 2.1 2017 • LMalawi 2.1 2017 • LGhana 2.1 2017 • LCôte d’Ivoire 2.1 2017 • LCameroon 2.1 2017 • LHaiti 2.1 2017 • LGuinea 2.1 2017 • LLao PDR 2.1 2017 • LLiberia 2.1 2017 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 2.1 2017 • LTogo 2.1 2017 • LBenin 2.1 2017 • LEritrea 2.1 2007 • •Mozambique 2.1 2017 • LBurkina Faso 2.1 2017 • LTanzania 2.1 2017 • LGuinea-Bissau 2.1 2017 • LEthiopia 2.1 2017 • LMadagascar 2.1 2017 • LSolomon Islands 2.1 2017 • LNepal 2.1 2017 • LDjibouti 2.1 2017 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 2.1 2017 • LUganda 2.1 2017 • LYemen, Rep. 2.1 2017 • LLesotho 2.1 2017 • LAngola 2.1 2017 • LTimor-Leste 2.1 2017 • LBangladesh 2.1 2017 • LSenegal 2.1 2017 • LComoros 2.1 2007 • •Iraq 2.1 2017 • LZambia 2.1 2017 • LTajikistan 2.1 2017 • LNiger 2.1 2017 • L


Sri Lanka 2.2 2017 • LSierra Leone 2.2 2017 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 2.2 2017 • LCongo, Rep. 2.2 2017 • LVanuatu 2.2 2017 • LSuriname 2.2 2017 • LZimbabwe 2.2 2017 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 2.2 2017 • LPhilippines 2.2 2017 • L

Cambodia 2.2 2017 • LLebanon 2.2 2017 • LIndonesia 2.2 2017 • LChina 2.2 2017 • LAfghanistan 2.2 2017 • LLibya 2.2 2007 • •Morocco 2.2 2017 • LFiji 2.2 2017 • LThailand 2.2 2017 • LAlgeria 2.2 2017 • LBelize 2.2 2017 • pJordan 2.2 2017 • LDominica 2.2 2017 • 5Peru 2.2 2017 • pGabon 2.2 2017 • LTunisia 2.2 2017 • 5Cuba 2.2 2017 • 5Namibia 2.2 2017 • 5Mali 2.2 2017 • LVietnam 2.2 2017 • 5Guatemala 2.2 2017 • 5Guyana 2.2 2017 • LCabo Verde 2.2 2017 • 5Kenya 2.2 2017 • 5Mauritius 2.2 2017 • LIndia 2.2 2017 • 5Paraguay 2.2 2017 • LAzerbaijan 2.2 2017 • 5Kuwait 2.2 2017 • pDominican Republic 2.2 2017 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 2.2 2007 • •Bolivia 2.3 2017 • 5North Macedonia 2.3 2017 • 5Turkey 2.3 2017 • DSouth Africa 2.3 2017 • 5Chad 2.3 2017 • p

Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.3 2017 • D

United Arab Emirates 2.3 2017 • LThe Gambia 2.3 2017 • 5South Sudan 2.3 2017 • LColombia 2.3 2017 • L

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2.3 2017 • 5

Samoa 2.3 2017 • 5El Salvador 2.3 2017 • LPanama 2.3 2017 • DKiribati 2.3 2017 • 5Belarus 2.3 2017 • D

Trophic levels are a measure of the energy intensity of diet composition and reflect the relative amounts of plants as opposed to animals eaten in a given country. A higher trophic level represents a greater level of consumption of energy-intensive animals.Source: Bonhommeau et al. (2013) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)






Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land)

Iraq 2.8 2017 • LPanama 2.7 2017 • LAustralia 2.7 2017 • LMaldives 2.6 2017 • LBrunei Darussalam 2.6 2017 • LEthiopia 2.5 2017 • LTimor-Leste 2.5 2017 • LZambia 2.5 2017 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 2.3 2017 • LGuatemala 2.2 2017 • LCôte d’Ivoire 2.1 2017 • 5Sri Lanka 2.1 2017 • pNicaragua 2.1 2017 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 2.1 2017 • pUganda 2.1 2017 • 5Afghanistan 2.0 2017 • 5Cyprus 2.0 2017 • LGeorgia 2.0 2017 • pArmenia 2.0 2017 • pSierra Leone 2.0 2017 • LDjibouti 1.9 2017 • 5Malawi 1.9 2017 • pGhana 1.9 2017 • LBolivia 1.9 2017 • pHonduras 1.8 2017 • 5Morocco 1.8 2017 • LDominica 1.7 2017 • DCameroon 1.7 2017 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 1.7 2017 • 5Solomon Islands 1.6 2017 • pSyrian Arab Republic 1.6 2017 • LGabon 1.6 2017 • 5Jordan 1.6 2017 • DAntigua and Barbuda 1.6 2017 • pGuinea-Bissau 1.6 2017 • DTanzania 1.5 2017 • pTunisia 1.5 2017 • pMali 1.5 2017 • pBenin 1.5 2017 • 5Kenya 1.5 2017 • pNigeria 1.5 2017 • 5South Sudan 1.4 2017 • DBurundi 1.4 2017 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 1.4 2017 • 5Mauritania 1.4 2017 • pComoros 1.4 2017 • pKazakhstan 1.4 2017 • DLiberia 1.3 2017 • 5Rwanda 1.3 2017 • p

Senegal 1.3 2017 • DGuinea 1.2 2017 • 5Jamaica 1.2 2017 • 5Togo 1.1 2017 • pEswatini 1.1 2017 • 5Haiti 1.1 2017 • 5Turkmenistan 1.1 2017 • 5Burkina Faso 1.0 2017 • pGrenada 1.0 2017 • 5Algeria 1.0 2017 • pLesotho 1.0 2017 • L


Angola 0.9 2017 • 5Mozambique 0.9 2017 • DThe Gambia 0.8 2017 • 5Congo, Rep. 0.8 2017 • 5Chad 0.8 2017 • pCongo, Dem. Rep. 0.8 2017 • pLibya 0.8 2017 • 5Yemen, Rep. 0.7 2017 • pSudan 0.7 2017 • pEritrea 0.6 2017 • pZimbabwe 0.6 2017 • pVanuatu 0.6 2017 • pMongolia 0.6 2017 • pSomalia 0.5 2017 • pNiger 0.5 2017 • 5Namibia 0.4 2017 • 5Botswana 0.4 2017 • 5Cabo Verde 0.2 2017 • 5Andorra NA NA • •Bahrain NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Iceland NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Singapore NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •


United Arab Emirates 23.6 2017 • LOman 13.0 2017 • LBelgium 9.1 2017 • LThe Bahamas 8.8 2017 • LNetherlands 8.8 2017 • LIreland 8.8 2017 • LNew Zealand 8.5 2017 • LUnited States 8.3 2017 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 7.3 2017 • LGermany 7.3 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 7.2 2017 • LDenmark 6.9 2017 • LFrance 6.9 2017 • LSwitzerland 6.8 2017 • LChile 6.8 2017 • LKorea, Rep. 6.7 2017 • LAustria 6.3 2017 • LJapan 6.0 2017 • LChina 6.0 2017 • LSweden 6.0 2017 • LHungary 5.8 2017 • LCroatia 5.7 2017 • LKuwait 5.7 2017 • LSouth Africa 5.6 2017 • LSaudi Arabia 5.6 2017 • LSlovenia 5.5 2017 • LCzech Republic 5.5 2017 • LBulgaria 5.5 2017 • LVietnam 5.4 2017 • LArgentina 5.4 2017 • LLuxembourg 5.3 2017 • LMauritius 5.2 2017 • LRomania 5.2 2017 • LBrazil 5.2 2017 • LItaly 5.2 2017 • LIndonesia 5.2 2017 • LQatar 5.1 2017 • LSlovak Republic 4.9 2017 • LPapua New Guinea 4.8 2017 • LAlbania 4.8 2017 • LMalta 4.8 2017 • LPortugal 4.7 2017 • LLao PDR 4.5 2017 • LNorway 4.5 2017 • LSuriname 4.5 2017 • LParaguay 4.4 2017 • LBangladesh 4.4 2017 • L

Uzbekistan 4.3 2017 • LColombia 4.3 2017 • LUkraine 4.3 2017 • LUruguay 4.3 2017 • LMalaysia 4.3 2017 • LLatvia 4.3 2017 • LLithuania 4.2 2017 • LBelize 4.2 2017 • LPoland 4.2 2017 • LCosta Rica 4.2 2017 • LPeru 4.2 2017 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 4.0 2017 • LCanada 4.0 2017 • LSerbia 4.0 2017 • LEstonia 4.0 2017 • LFinland 4.0 2017 • LNorth Macedonia 3.9 2016 • LMexico 3.8 2017 • LMadagascar 3.8 2017 • LGreece 3.8 2017 • L


Philippines 3.7 2017 • LMoldova 3.6 2017 • LGuyana 3.6 2017 • LMyanmar 3.6 2017 • LCambodia 3.6 2017 • LIsrael 3.6 2017 • LTajikistan 3.5 2017 • LEcuador 3.4 2017 • LBhutan 3.4 2017 • LBelarus 3.4 2017 • LMontenegro 3.3 2017 • LTurkey 3.3 2017 • LThailand 3.2 2017 • LPakistan 3.2 2017 • LIndia 3.2 2017 • LDominican Republic 3.2 2017 • LVenezuela, RB 3.1 2017 • LKyrgyz Republic 3.1 2017 • LLebanon 3.1 2017 • LFiji 3.0 2017 • LRussian Federation 3.0 2017 • LAzerbaijan 2.9 2017 • LBarbados 2.9 2017 • LCuba 2.9 2017 • LNepal 2.8 2017 • LEl Salvador 2.8 2017 • LSpain 2.8 2017 • L

Cereal yield, measured as tonnes per hectare of harvested land. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only and excludes crops harvested for hay or green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing.Source: FAO (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)






The Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SNMI) is a one-dimensional ranking score that combines two efficiency measures in crop production: Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and land use efficiency (crop yield).Source: Zhang and Davidson (2019) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available year)

Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst)

Norway 0.8 2015 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 0.8 2015 • 5Togo 0.9 2015 • 5Comoros 0.9 2015 • 5The Gambia 0.9 2015 • pBahrain 0.9 2015 • pGuinea 0.9 2015 • pIsrael 0.9 2015 • 5Kenya 0.9 2015 • 5Sri Lanka 0.9 2015 • 5Burundi 0.9 2015 • pLibya 0.9 2015 • 5Thailand 0.9 2015 • p


Pakistan 0.9 2015 • 5India 0.9 2015 • 5Senegal 0.9 2015 • pVanuatu 0.9 2015 • 5Malta 0.9 2015 • pCongo, Rep. 0.9 2015 • pTimor-Leste 0.9 2015 • 5Mauritania 0.9 2015 • 5Mozambique 0.9 2015 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.9 2015 • pLebanon 0.9 2015 • pPapua New Guinea 0.9 2015 • 5Niger 0.9 2015 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 0.9 2015 • 5Angola 0.9 2015 • pBelize 0.9 2015 • pHaiti 0.9 2015 • 5Lesotho 1.0 2015 • 5Nauru 1.0 2015 • 5Guinea-Bissau 1.0 2015 • pKiribati 1.0 2015 • pGrenada 1.0 2015 • 5Guatemala 1.0 2015 • pNicaragua 1.0 2015 • pEquatorial Guinea 1.0 2015 • 5Samoa 1.0 2015 • 5Tunisia 1.0 2015 • pEcuador 1.0 2015 • 5


Zimbabwe 1.0 2015 • 5Venezuela, RB 1.0 2015 • pEl Salvador 1.0 2015 • 5Liberia 1.0 2015 • p

Qatar 1.0 2015 • pGabon 1.0 2015 • pPanama 1.0 2015 • pEritrea 1.0 2015 • 5Tonga 1.0 2015 • pHonduras 1.0 2015 • pDominican Republic 1.0 2015 • 5


Cuba 1.1 2015 • pMontenegro 1.1 2015 • pJamaica 1.1 2015 • 5Colombia 1.1 2015 • pPortugal 1.1 2015 • 5Maldives 1.1 2015 • pCyprus 1.1 2015 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 1.1 2015 • pCosta Rica 1.1 2015 • pGeorgia 1.1 2015 • pDominica 1.1 2015 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 1.1 2015 • 5Mauritius 1.1 2015 • 5Somalia 1.1 2015 • 5Singapore 1.1 2015 • pMongolia 1.1 2015 • pThe Bahamas 1.1 2015 • pNamibia 1.2 2015 • pDjibouti 1.2 2015 • 5Cabo Verde 1.2 2015 • 5Fiji 1.2 2015 • pBarbados 1.2 2015 • 5United Arab Emirates 1.2 2015 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 1.2 2015 • 5Seychelles 1.2 2015 • 5Solomon Islands 1.2 2015 • pSt. Lucia 1.3 2015 • pTrinidad and Tobago 1.3 2015 • pBotswana 1.3 2015 • pAntigua and Barbuda 1.3 2015 • 5Tuvalu 1.3 2015 • pMarshall Islands 1.3 2015 • pBrunei Darussalam 1.4 2015 • 5Andorra NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •South Sudan NA NA • •Sudan NA NA • •

Ireland 0.0 2015 • LParaguay 0.3 2015 • LArgentina 0.3 2015 • LUnited States 0.3 2015 • 5Hungary 0.4 2015 • 5Denmark 0.4 2015 • 5Ukraine 0.4 2015 • LFrance 0.4 2015 • pAustria 0.4 2015 • pLao PDR 0.4 2015 • 5Slovak Republic 0.5 2015 • pRomania 0.5 2015 • LCanada 0.5 2015 • pUruguay 0.5 2015 • pSerbia 0.5 2015 • LCroatia 0.5 2015 • LLithuania 0.5 2015 • pCzech Republic 0.5 2015 • pKorea, Dem. Rep. 0.5 2015 • 5Sweden 0.5 2015 • pBrazil 0.5 2015 • pGermany 0.5 2015 • pBolivia 0.5 2015 • DBulgaria 0.5 2015 • DMalaysia 0.5 2015 • LSouth Africa 0.5 2015 • DCambodia 0.6 2015 • 5Latvia 0.6 2015 • 5Azerbaijan 0.6 2015 • 5United Kingdom 0.6 2015 • pNew Zealand 0.6 2015 • 5Italy 0.6 2015 • 5Armenia 0.6 2015 • pRussian Federation 0.6 2015 • 5Japan 0.6 2015 • pMoldova 0.6 2015 • pMyanmar 0.6 2015 • pSaudi Arabia 0.6 2015 • LPoland 0.6 2015 • 5Turkey 0.6 2015 • 5Estonia 0.6 2015 • 5Vietnam 0.6 2015 • 5Finland 0.6 2015 • pAustralia 0.6 2015 • 5Greece 0.6 2015 • pIceland 0.6 2015 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.6 2015 • pKyrgyz Republic 0.6 2015 • pKorea, Rep. 0.6 2015 • p

Jordan 0.6 2015 • LMadagascar 0.7 2015 • 5Ethiopia 0.7 2015 • 5Bangladesh 0.7 2015 • 5Afghanistan 0.7 2015 • pIndonesia 0.7 2015 • 5Suriname 0.7 2015 • 5Switzerland 0.7 2015 • pChina 0.7 2015 • 5Kuwait 0.7 2015 • pAlgeria 0.7 2015 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 0.7 2015 • 5Uzbekistan 0.7 2015 • pGuyana 0.7 2015 • pNepal 0.7 2015 • pTajikistan 0.7 2015 • 5Belgium 0.7 2015 • 5Slovenia 0.7 2015 • 5Bhutan 0.7 2015 • 5Turkmenistan 0.7 2015 • pLuxembourg 0.7 2015 • pOman 0.7 2015 • DMalawi 0.7 2015 • 5North Macedonia 0.7 2015 • 5Iraq 0.8 2015 • DRwanda 0.8 2015 • 5Mali 0.8 2015 • 5Netherlands 0.8 2015 • pBenin 0.8 2015 • 5Kazakhstan 0.8 2015 • 5Philippines 0.8 2015 • pChile 0.8 2015 • 5Eswatini 0.8 2015 • 5Tanzania 0.8 2015 • 5Belarus 0.8 2015 • 5Ghana 0.8 2015 • 5Yemen, Rep. 0.8 2015 • pMorocco 0.8 2015 • 5Sierra Leone 0.8 2015 • 5Zambia 0.8 2015 • 5Cameroon 0.8 2015 • 5Mexico 0.8 2015 • pBurkina Faso 0.8 2015 • 5Albania 0.8 2015 • 5Peru 0.8 2015 • 5Spain 0.8 2015 • pChad 0.8 2015 • 5Uganda 0.8 2015 • 5Nigeria 0.8 2015 • p






A country’s yield expressed as a percentage of its potential yield in the three annual crops using the most land area, weighted for the relative importance of each crop in terms of surface area.Source: Global Yield Gap Atlas (2015) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available year)

Yield gap closure (% of potential yield)(OECD Member States)

United States 77.6 2015 • •France 77.3 2015 • •Germany 77.3 2015 • •Belgium 77.2 2015 • •Denmark 76.7 2015 • •Netherlands 76.2 2015 • •Ireland 74.5 2015 • •Austria 69.7 2015 • •Sweden 68.6 2015 • •United Kingdom 67.8 2015 • •Luxembourg 65.0 2015 • •Hungary 64.4 2015 • •Switzerland 64.2 2015 • •Italy 58.9 2015 • •Czech Republic 57.8 2015 • •Slovenia 57.6 2015 • •Norway 56.9 2015 • •Greece 51.7 2015 • •

Finland 51.6 2015 • •Slovak Republic 48.9 2015 • •Australia 47.7 2015 • •Spain 45.7 2015 • •Lithuania 45.6 2015 • •Latvia 44.6 2015 • •Poland 44.5 2015 • •Estonia 40.7 2015 • •Portugal 28.5 2015 • •Canada NA NA • •Chile NA NA • •Iceland NA NA • •Israel NA NA • •Japan NA NA • •Korea, Rep. NA NA • •Mexico NA NA • •New Zealand NA NA • •Turkey NA NA • •






Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births)

Honduras 65 2017 • LTrinidad and Tobago 67 2017 • L

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 68 2017 • L

The Bahamas 70 2017 • LMorocco 70 2017 • LLibya 72 2017 • pVanuatu 72 2017 • LIraq 79 2017 • LJamaica 80 2017 • 5Colombia 83 2017 • DMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 88 2017 • LPeru 88 2017 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 89 2017 • DKiribati 92 2017 • LDominican Republic 95 2017 • 5Guatemala 95 2017 • LNicaragua 98 2017 • DSolomon Islands 104 2017 • LAlgeria 112 2017 • 5St. Lucia 117 2017 • 5South Africa 119 2017 • DSuriname 120 2017 • 5Philippines 121 2017 • DVenezuela, RB 125 2017 • 5Paraguay 129 2017 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 130 2017 • 5Pakistan 140 2017 • LTimor-Leste 142 2017 • LBotswana 144 2017 • DIndia 145 2017 • LPapua New Guinea 145 2017 • DBolivia 155 2017 • LCambodia 160 2017 • LYemen, Rep. 164 2017 • DGuyana 169 2017 • 5Bangladesh 173 2017 • LIndonesia 177 2017 • DBhutan 183 2017 • LLao PDR 185 2017 • LNepal 186 2017 • LNamibia 195 2017 • DZambia 213 2017 • DAngola 241 2017 • 5Djibouti 248 2017 • 5Rwanda 248 2017 • LMyanmar 250 2017 • 5Gabon 252 2017 • 5Comoros 273 2017 • 5

Mozambique 289 2017 • DSudan 295 2017 • DEquatorial Guinea 301 2017 • 5Ghana 308 2017 • 5Senegal 315 2017 • DBurkina Faso 320 2017 • DMadagascar 335 2017 • DKenya 342 2017 • 5Malawi 349 2017 • DUganda 375 2017 • 5Congo, Rep. 378 2017 • DTogo 396 2017 • 5Benin 397 2017 • DEthiopia 401 2017 • DEswatini 437 2017 • pZimbabwe 458 2017 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 473 2017 • 5Eritrea 480 2017 • DHaiti 480 2017 • 5Niger 509 2017 • DTanzania 524 2017 • DCameroon 529 2017 • 5Lesotho 544 2017 • 5Burundi 548 2017 • 5Mali 562 2017 • DGuinea 576 2017 • LThe Gambia 597 2017 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 617 2017 • DAfghanistan 638 2017 • LLiberia 661 2017 • 5Guinea-Bissau 667 2017 • 5Mauritania 766 2017 • 5

Central African Republic 829 2017 • D

Somalia 829 2017 • 5Nigeria 917 2017 • 5Sierra Leone 1120 2017 • 5Chad 1140 2017 • 5South Sudan 1150 2017 • pAndorra NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Belarus 2 2017 • LItaly 2 2017 • LNorway 2 2017 • LPoland 2 2017 • LCzech Republic 3 2017 • LFinland 3 2017 • LGreece 3 2017 • LIsrael 3 2017 • LUnited Arab Emirates 3 2017 • LDenmark 4 2017 • LIceland 4 2017 • LSpain 4 2017 • LSweden 4 2017 • LAustria 5 2017 • LBelgium 5 2017 • LIreland 5 2017 • LJapan 5 2017 • LLuxembourg 5 2017 • LNetherlands 5 2017 • LSlovak Republic 5 2017 • LSwitzerland 5 2017 • LAustralia 6 2017 • LCyprus 6 2017 • LMalta 6 2017 • LMontenegro 6 2017 • LGermany 7 2017 • LNorth Macedonia 7 2017 • LSlovenia 7 2017 • LTurkmenistan 7 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 7 2017 • LCroatia 8 2017 • LFrance 8 2017 • LLithuania 8 2017 • LPortugal 8 2017 • LSingapore 8 2017 • LEstonia 9 2017 • LNew Zealand 9 2017 • LQatar 9 2017 • L

Bosnia and Herzegovina 10 2017 • L

Bulgaria 10 2017 • LCanada 10 2017 • LKazakhstan 10 2017 • LKorea, Rep. 11 2017 • LHungary 12 2017 • LKuwait 12 2017 • LSerbia 12 2017 • LChile 13 2017 • LBahrain 14 2017 • L

Albania 15 2017 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 16 2017 • LRussian Federation 17 2017 • LSaudi Arabia 17 2017 • LTajikistan 17 2017 • LTurkey 17 2017 • LUruguay 17 2017 • LLatvia 19 2017 • LMoldova 19 2017 • LOman 19 2017 • LRomania 19 2017 • LUkraine 19 2017 • LUnited States 19 2017 • LGeorgia 25 2017 • LGrenada 25 2017 • LArmenia 26 2017 • LAzerbaijan 26 2017 • LBarbados 27 2017 • LCosta Rica 27 2017 • LChina 29 2017 • LLebanon 29 2017 • LMalaysia 29 2017 • LUzbekistan 29 2017 • LBrunei Darussalam 31 2017 • LSyrian Arab Republic 31 2017 • LMexico 33 2017 • LFiji 34 2017 • LBelize 36 2017 • LCuba 36 2017 • LSri Lanka 36 2017 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 37 2017 • LThailand 37 2017 • LArgentina 39 2017 • LAntigua and Barbuda 42 2017 • LSamoa 43 2017 • LTunisia 43 2017 • LVietnam 43 2017 • LMongolia 45 2017 • LEl Salvador 46 2017 • LJordan 46 2017 • LPanama 52 2017 • LTonga 52 2017 • LMaldives 53 2017 • LSeychelles 53 2017 • LCabo Verde 58 2017 • LEcuador 59 2017 • LBrazil 60 2017 • LKyrgyz Republic 60 2017 • LMauritius 61 2017 • L

The estimated number of women, between the age of 15-49, who die from pregnancy-related causes while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, per 100,000 live births.Source: WHO et al. (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)






Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)

Korea, Dem. Rep. 9.7 2018 • L


Grenada 9.9 2018 • LSuriname 10.0 2018 • LJamaica 10.2 2018 • LVietnam 10.6 2018 • LParaguay 10.7 2018 • LSouth Africa 10.7 2018 • LFiji 10.9 2018 • LAzerbaijan 11.2 2018 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 11.2 2018 • LTunisia 11.5 2018 • LVanuatu 11.5 2018 • LCabo Verde 11.6 2018 • LUzbekistan 11.6 2018 • LTrinidad and Tobago 11.7 2018 • LMoldova 11.9 2018 • LGuatemala 12.3 2018 • LSt. Lucia 12.4 2018 • LIndonesia 12.7 2018 • LKyrgyz Republic 13.2 2018 • LPhilippines 13.5 2018 • LMorocco 13.8 2018 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 14.0 2018 • LBolivia 14.3 2018 • LCambodia 14.4 2018 • LAlgeria 14.6 2018 • LTajikistan 15.0 2018 • LVenezuela, RB 15.1 2018 • 5Iraq 15.3 2018 • LMarshall Islands 15.5 2018 • LNamibia 15.6 2018 • DTuvalu 15.7 2018 • LRwanda 15.9 2018 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 16.0 2018 • LBhutan 16.4 2018 • LBangladesh 17.1 2018 • LEswatini 17.2 2018 • DGuyana 18.2 2018 • LEritrea 18.4 2018 • DDominican Republic 19.4 2018 • DKenya 19.6 2018 • DNauru 19.9 2018 • LNepal 19.9 2018 • LUganda 19.9 2018 • DCongo, Rep. 20.3 2018 • DTimor-Leste 20.4 2018 • DMadagascar 20.6 2018 • D

Senegal 20.6 2018 • DZimbabwe 20.9 2018 • DGabon 21.0 2018 • DTurkmenistan 21.0 2018 • DTanzania 21.3 2018 • DBurundi 21.7 2018 • DPapua New Guinea 22.1 2018 • DMalawi 22.4 2018 • DIndia 22.7 2018 • LLao PDR 22.7 2018 • DKiribati 22.8 2018 • DMyanmar 23.1 2018 • DZambia 23.5 2018 • 5Ghana 23.9 2018 • DBotswana 24.5 2018 • DLiberia 24.5 2018 • DBurkina Faso 24.7 2018 • DTogo 24.9 2018 • 5Niger 25.2 2018 • DHaiti 26.0 2018 • 5The Gambia 26.3 2018 • DCameroon 26.6 2018 • 5Yemen, Rep. 27.0 2018 • 5Mozambique 27.8 2018 • DEthiopia 28.1 2018 • DCongo, Dem. Rep. 28.3 2018 • 5Dominica 28.3 2018 • pAngola 28.5 2018 • DSudan 28.6 2018 • 5Equatorial Guinea 29.9 2018 • 5Guinea 31.1 2018 • 5Benin 31.3 2018 • 5Comoros 31.6 2018 • 5Djibouti 31.7 2018 • DMali 32.7 2018 • 5Sierra Leone 32.8 2018 • DCôte d’Ivoire 33.5 2018 • 5Mauritania 33.5 2018 • 5Chad 34.2 2018 • 5Lesotho 34.9 2018 • 5Nigeria 36.0 2018 • 5Guinea-Bissau 36.6 2018 • 5Afghanistan 37.1 2018 • DSomalia 37.5 2018 • 5South Sudan 40.0 2018 • 5


Pakistan 42.0 2018 • 5Liechtenstein NA NA • •

Japan 0.9 2018 • LSan Marino 0.9 2018 • LFinland 1.0 2018 • LIceland 1.0 2018 • LSingapore 1.1 2018 • LEstonia 1.2 2018 • LSlovenia 1.2 2018 • LBelarus 1.3 2018 • LAndorra 1.4 2018 • LCyprus 1.4 2018 • LLuxembourg 1.4 2018 • LKorea, Rep. 1.5 2018 • LNorway 1.5 2018 • LSweden 1.5 2018 • LMonaco 1.7 2018 • LMontenegro 1.7 2018 • LSpain 1.7 2018 • LCzech Republic 1.8 2018 • LIsrael 1.9 2018 • LBelgium 2.0 2018 • LItaly 2.0 2018 • LLatvia 2.0 2018 • LAustria 2.1 2018 • LCuba 2.1 2018 • LLithuania 2.1 2018 • LNetherlands 2.1 2018 • LPortugal 2.1 2018 • LGermany 2.2 2018 • LAustralia 2.3 2018 • LHungary 2.3 2018 • LIreland 2.3 2018 • LFrance 2.5 2018 • LCroatia 2.6 2018 • LGreece 2.6 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 2.6 2018 • LPoland 2.7 2018 • LSlovak Republic 2.8 2018 • LSwitzerland 2.9 2018 • LBahrain 3.0 2018 • LDenmark 3.1 2018 • LRussian Federation 3.2 2018 • LAntigua and Barbuda 3.4 2018 • LCanada 3.4 2018 • LRomania 3.4 2018 • LSerbia 3.4 2018 • LNew Zealand 3.5 2018 • LQatar 3.5 2018 • LUnited States 3.5 2018 • LBulgaria 3.6 2018 • L

Saudi Arabia 3.7 2018 • LUnited Arab Emirates 4.0 2018 • L


China 4.3 2018 • LLebanon 4.3 2018 • LMalaysia 4.3 2018 • LKuwait 4.5 2018 • LSri Lanka 4.5 2018 • LUruguay 4.5 2018 • LMalta 4.7 2018 • LMaldives 4.8 2018 • LChile 4.9 2018 • LThailand 5.0 2018 • LOman 5.1 2018 • LUkraine 5.2 2018 • LThe Bahamas 5.4 2018 • LBrunei Darussalam 5.5 2018 • LTurkey 5.5 2018 • LKazakhstan 5.6 2018 • LCosta Rica 5.9 2018 • LGeorgia 5.9 2018 • LArgentina 6.4 2018 • LLibya 6.4 2018 • LAlbania 6.5 2018 • LArmenia 6.5 2018 • LTonga 6.5 2018 • LEl Salvador 6.7 2018 • LEcuador 7.2 2018 • LPeru 7.3 2018 • LNorth Macedonia 7.4 2018 • LMexico 7.5 2018 • LColombia 7.8 2018 • LBarbados 7.9 2018 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 7.9 2018 • LBrazil 8.1 2018 • LSolomon Islands 8.2 2018 • LSamoa 8.3 2018 • LPanama 8.5 2018 • LBelize 8.6 2018 • LMongolia 8.7 2018 • LSeychelles 8.8 2018 • LSyrian Arab Republic 8.8 2018 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 8.9 2018 • LMauritius 9.2 2018 • LNicaragua 9.4 2018 • LPalau 9.4 2018 • LJordan 9.5 2018 • LHonduras 9.6 2018 • L

The number of newborn infants (neonates) who die before reaching 28 days of age, per 1,000 live births.Source: UNICEF et al. (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)






Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)

St. Lucia 16.6 2018 • LSyrian Arab Republic 16.7 2018 • LTunisia 17.0 2018 • LHonduras 17.6 2018 • LPalau 17.9 2018 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 18.2 2018 • LNicaragua 18.3 2018 • LTrinidad and Tobago 18.3 2018 • LKyrgyz Republic 18.9 2018 • LSuriname 18.9 2018 • LCabo Verde 19.5 2018 • LSolomon Islands 20.0 2018 • LParaguay 20.2 2018 • LVietnam 20.7 2018 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 21.2 2018 • LUzbekistan 21.4 2018 • LAzerbaijan 21.5 2018 • LMorocco 22.4 2018 • LAlgeria 23.5 2018 • LTuvalu 24.4 2018 • LVenezuela, RB 24.5 2018 • LIndonesia 25.0 2018 • LFiji 25.6 2018 • pGuatemala 26.2 2018 • LVanuatu 26.4 2018 • LIraq 26.7 2018 • LBolivia 26.8 2018 • LCambodia 28.0 2018 • LPhilippines 28.4 2018 • LDominican Republic 28.8 2018 • LBhutan 29.7 2018 • LGuyana 30.1 2018 • LBangladesh 30.2 2018 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 30.8 2018 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 31.2 2018 • LNauru 31.8 2018 • LNepal 32.2 2018 • LMarshall Islands 33.1 2018 • LSouth Africa 33.8 2018 • LTajikistan 34.8 2018 • LRwanda 35.3 2018 • LDominica 35.7 2018 • pBotswana 36.5 2018 • LIndia 36.6 2018 • LNamibia 39.6 2018 • LKenya 41.1 2018 • LEritrea 41.9 2018 • LSenegal 43.6 2018 • LGabon 44.8 2018 • L

Timor-Leste 45.8 2018 • DTurkmenistan 45.8 2018 • DMyanmar 46.2 2018 • LZimbabwe 46.2 2018 • LUganda 46.4 2018 • LLao PDR 47.3 2018 • LPapua New Guinea 47.8 2018 • DGhana 47.9 2018 • LMalawi 49.7 2018 • LCongo, Rep. 50.1 2018 • DKiribati 52.5 2018 • DTanzania 53.0 2018 • DMadagascar 53.6 2018 • DEswatini 54.4 2018 • LYemen, Rep. 55.0 2018 • 5Ethiopia 55.2 2018 • LZambia 57.8 2018 • DThe Gambia 58.4 2018 • DBurundi 58.5 2018 • LDjibouti 59.3 2018 • DSudan 60.5 2018 • DAfghanistan 62.3 2018 • DHaiti 64.8 2018 • DComoros 67.5 2018 • DPakistan 69.3 2018 • DTogo 69.8 2018 • DLiberia 70.9 2018 • DMozambique 73.2 2018 • DMauritania 75.7 2018 • DCameroon 76.1 2018 • DBurkina Faso 76.4 2018 • DAngola 77.2 2018 • DCôte d’Ivoire 80.9 2018 • DLesotho 81.1 2018 • DGuinea-Bissau 81.5 2018 • DNiger 83.7 2018 • DEquatorial Guinea 85.3 2018 • DCongo, Dem. Rep. 88.1 2018 • DBenin 93.0 2018 • 5Mali 97.8 2018 • DSouth Sudan 98.6 2018 • 5Guinea 100.8 2018 • 5Sierra Leone 105.1 2018 • D


Chad 119.0 2018 • DNigeria 119.9 2018 • 5Somalia 121.5 2018 • DLiechtenstein NA NA • •

Finland 1.7 2018 • LIceland 2.0 2018 • LSan Marino 2.0 2018 • LSlovenia 2.1 2018 • LCyprus 2.4 2018 • LLuxembourg 2.4 2018 • LJapan 2.5 2018 • LMontenegro 2.5 2018 • LNorway 2.5 2018 • LEstonia 2.6 2018 • LSweden 2.7 2018 • LSingapore 2.8 2018 • LAndorra 2.9 2018 • LItaly 3.0 2018 • LSpain 3.0 2018 • LKorea, Rep. 3.2 2018 • LMonaco 3.2 2018 • LBelarus 3.4 2018 • LCzech Republic 3.4 2018 • LAustria 3.5 2018 • LAustralia 3.7 2018 • LBelgium 3.7 2018 • LGermany 3.7 2018 • LIreland 3.7 2018 • LIsrael 3.7 2018 • LPortugal 3.7 2018 • LLatvia 3.9 2018 • LNetherlands 3.9 2018 • LFrance 4.0 2018 • LLithuania 4.0 2018 • LSwitzerland 4.1 2018 • LDenmark 4.2 2018 • LHungary 4.3 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 4.3 2018 • LPoland 4.4 2018 • LGreece 4.5 2018 • LCroatia 4.7 2018 • LCanada 5.0 2018 • LCuba 5.0 2018 • LSerbia 5.5 2018 • LSlovak Republic 5.6 2018 • LNew Zealand 5.7 2018 • L


Antigua and Barbuda 6.4 2018 • LUnited States 6.5 2018 • LQatar 6.8 2018 • LMalta 7.0 2018 • LBahrain 7.1 2018 • L

Bulgaria 7.1 2018 • LSaudi Arabia 7.1 2018 • LChile 7.2 2018 • LRussian Federation 7.2 2018 • LRomania 7.3 2018 • LLebanon 7.4 2018 • LSri Lanka 7.4 2018 • LUnited Arab Emirates 7.6 2018 • LUruguay 7.6 2018 • LMalaysia 7.8 2018 • LKuwait 7.9 2018 • LChina 8.6 2018 • LMaldives 8.6 2018 • LUkraine 8.7 2018 • LAlbania 8.8 2018 • LCosta Rica 8.8 2018 • LThailand 9.1 2018 • LGeorgia 9.8 2018 • LArgentina 9.9 2018 • LKazakhstan 9.9 2018 • LNorth Macedonia 9.9 2018 • LThe Bahamas 10.2 2018 • LTurkey 10.6 2018 • LOman 11.4 2018 • LBrunei Darussalam 11.6 2018 • LLibya 12.0 2018 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 12.0 2018 • LBarbados 12.2 2018 • LArmenia 12.4 2018 • LMexico 12.7 2018 • LBelize 13.0 2018 • LEl Salvador 13.7 2018 • LColombia 14.2 2018 • LEcuador 14.2 2018 • LPeru 14.3 2018 • LBrazil 14.4 2018 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 14.4 2018 • LJamaica 14.4 2018 • LSeychelles 14.5 2018 • LGrenada 15.2 2018 • LPanama 15.3 2018 • LMauritius 15.5 2018 • LTonga 15.6 2018 • LMoldova 15.8 2018 • LSamoa 15.8 2018 • LJordan 16.2 2018 • LMongolia 16.3 2018 • L


The probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year, per 1,000 live births.Source: UNICEF et al. (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)






Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population)

Vanuatu 46.0 2018 • LSingapore 47.0 2018 • 5Burkina Faso 48.0 2018 • 5Venezuela, RB 48.0 2018 • 5Yemen, Rep. 48.0 2018 • 5Panama 52.0 2018 • 5Mali 53.0 2018 • 5Fiji 54.0 2018 • 5Nauru 54.0 2018 • LRussian Federation 54.0 2018 • LBenin 56.0 2018 • 5Rwanda 59.0 2018 • 5China 61.0 2018 • 5Azerbaijan 63.0 2018 • DSri Lanka 64.0 2018 • 5Korea, Rep. 66.0 2018 • DBrunei Darussalam 68.0 2018 • 5Kazakhstan 68.0 2018 • DRomania 68.0 2018 • DAlgeria 69.0 2018 • 5El Salvador 70.0 2018 • pUzbekistan 70.0 2018 • DSudan 71.0 2018 • LSolomon Islands 74.0 2018 • DGeorgia 80.0 2018 • LUkraine 80.0 2018 • DGuyana 83.0 2018 • DTajikistan 84.0 2018 • 5Moldova 86.0 2018 • DNiger 87.0 2018 • 5Eritrea 89.0 2018 • DMalaysia 92.0 2018 • 5Mauritania 93.0 2018 • DMorocco 99.0 2018 • 5Bolivia 108.0 2018 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 108.0 2018 • DPalau 109.0 2018 • 5Burundi 111.0 2018 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 116.0 2018 • DSenegal 118.0 2018 • 5Peru 123.0 2018 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 124.0 2018 • LChad 142.0 2018 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 142.0 2018 • DSouth Sudan 146.0 2018 • 5Ghana 148.0 2018 • 5Bhutan 149.0 2018 • DEthiopia 151.0 2018 • LNepal 151.0 2018 • 5

Thailand 153.0 2018 • 5Lao PDR 162.0 2018 • DThe Gambia 174.0 2018 • 5Guinea 176.0 2018 • 5Haiti 176.0 2018 • 5Malawi 181.0 2018 • DVietnam 182.0 2018 • 5Cameroon 186.0 2018 • DAfghanistan 189.0 2018 • 5India 199.0 2018 • 5Uganda 200.0 2018 • 5Equatorial Guinea 201.0 2018 • pZimbabwe 210.0 2018 • DNigeria 219.0 2018 • 5Bangladesh 221.0 2018 • 5Madagascar 233.0 2018 • 5Tanzania 253.0 2018 • DDjibouti 260.0 2018 • LSomalia 262.0 2018 • 5Pakistan 265.0 2018 • 5Tuvalu 270.0 2018 • pBotswana 275.0 2018 • LKenya 292.0 2018 • LSierra Leone 298.0 2018 • 5Cambodia 302.0 2018 • DLiberia 308.0 2018 • 5Indonesia 316.0 2018 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 321.0 2018 • 5Eswatini 329.0 2018 • LMyanmar 338.0 2018 • DZambia 346.0 2018 • DKiribati 349.0 2018 • LAngola 355.0 2018 • 5Guinea-Bissau 361.0 2018 • 5Congo, Rep. 375.0 2018 • 5Mongolia 428.0 2018 • 5Papua New Guinea 432.0 2018 • 5Marshall Islands 434.0 2018 • pTimor-Leste 498.0 2018 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 513.0 2018 • 5South Africa 520.0 2018 • LNamibia 524.0 2018 • DGabon 525.0 2018 • 5


Mozambique 551.0 2018 • 5Philippines 554.0 2018 • pLesotho 611.0 2018 • LLiechtenstein NA NA • •

Monaco 0.0 2018 • LSan Marino 0.0 2018 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 0.0 2018 • LBarbados 0.4 2018 • LUnited Arab Emirates 1.0 2018 • LGrenada 2.1 2018 • LIceland 2.7 2018 • LJamaica 2.9 2018 • LAndorra 3.0 2018 • LUnited States 3.0 2018 • LSt. Lucia 3.2 2018 • LIsrael 4.0 2018 • LNorway 4.1 2018 • LGreece 4.5 2018 • LFinland 4.7 2018 • LJordan 5.0 2018 • LNetherlands 5.3 2018 • LSlovenia 5.3 2018 • LCyprus 5.4 2018 • LCzech Republic 5.4 2018 • LDenmark 5.4 2018 • LSweden 5.5 2018 • LCanada 5.6 2018 • LSlovak Republic 5.8 2018 • LOman 5.9 2018 • LAntigua and Barbuda 6.0 2018 • L


Dominica 6.4 2018 • LHungary 6.4 2018 • LSamoa 6.4 2018 • LSwitzerland 6.4 2018 • LAustralia 6.6 2018 • LIreland 7.0 2018 • LItaly 7.0 2018 • LAustria 7.1 2018 • LCuba 7.2 2018 • LGermany 7.3 2018 • LNew Zealand 7.3 2018 • LLuxembourg 8.0 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 8.0 2018 • LCroatia 8.4 2018 • LFrance 8.9 2018 • LBelgium 9.0 2018 • LSpain 9.4 2018 • LCosta Rica 10.0 2018 • LSaudi Arabia 10.0 2018 • LTonga 10.0 2018 • LBahrain 11.0 2018 • L

Lebanon 11.0 2018 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 12.0 2018 • LEstonia 13.0 2018 • LMauritius 13.0 2018 • 5North Macedonia 13.0 2018 • LThe Bahamas 14.0 2018 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 14.0 2018 • LJapan 14.0 2018 • LMalta 14.0 2018 • pMontenegro 15.0 2018 • 5Poland 16.0 2018 • LTurkey 16.0 2018 • LSerbia 17.0 2018 • LAlbania 18.0 2018 • 5Chile 18.0 2018 • 5Seychelles 18.0 2018 • pSyrian Arab Republic 19.0 2018 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 21.0 2018 • 5Bulgaria 22.0 2018 • LKuwait 23.0 2018 • 5Mexico 23.0 2018 • 5Portugal 24.0 2018 • 5


Guatemala 26.0 2018 • 5Argentina 27.0 2018 • 5Latvia 29.0 2018 • LBelize 30.0 2018 • 5Armenia 31.0 2018 • LBelarus 31.0 2018 • LQatar 31.0 2018 • 5Colombia 33.0 2018 • 5Maldives 33.0 2018 • LUruguay 33.0 2018 • 5Comoros 35.0 2018 • 5Tunisia 35.0 2018 • DTogo 36.0 2018 • LHonduras 37.0 2018 • DSuriname 38.0 2018 • 5Libya 40.0 2018 • 5Nicaragua 41.0 2018 • LIraq 42.0 2018 • 5Paraguay 43.0 2018 • 5Ecuador 44.0 2018 • 5Lithuania 44.0 2018 • LBrazil 45.0 2018 • 5Dominican Republic 45.0 2018 • LCabo Verde 46.0 2018 • LTurkmenistan 46.0 2018 • 5

The estimated rate of new and relapse cases of tuberculosis in a given year, expressed per 100,000 people. All forms of tuberculosis are included, including cases of people living with HIV.Source: WHO (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)






New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population)

Papua New Guinea 0.3 2018 • LUruguay 0.3 2018 • 5Chile 0.3 2018 • 5Dominica 0.3 2018 • 5Ukraine 0.3 2018 • DRwanda 0.3 2018 • LSt. Lucia 0.3 2018 • 5Panama 0.3 2018 • LBenin 0.3 2018 • LLiberia 0.4 2018 • LChad 0.4 2018 • DSuriname 0.5 2018 • LGuyana 0.5 2018 • DGuinea 0.5 2018 • LThe Bahamas 0.6 2018 • LSierra Leone 0.6 2018 • LAntigua and Barbuda 0.6 2018 • 5Djibouti 0.6 2018 • 5Barbados 0.6 2018 • 5Nigeria 0.7 2018 • 5Haiti 0.7 2018 • DCôte d’Ivoire 0.7 2018 • LGhana 0.7 2018 • DMauritius 0.7 2018 • 5Togo 0.7 2018 • LMali 0.8 2018 • 5Belize 0.8 2018 • 5


Angola 1.0 2018 • 5Gabon 1.0 2018 • LCameroon 1.0 2018 • LKenya 1.0 2018 • LCongo, Rep. 1.0 2018 • DThe Gambia 1.1 2018 • 5


Uganda 1.4 2018 • LTanzania 1.4 2018 • LGuinea-Bissau 1.4 2018 • DSouth Sudan 1.6 2018 • 5Malawi 2.3 2018 • LZimbabwe 2.8 2018 • LNamibia 2.8 2018 • LZambia 3.0 2018 • DEquatorial Guinea 4.2 2018 • 5Botswana 4.4 2018 • LSouth Africa 4.9 2018 • LMozambique 5.3 2018 • D

Lesotho 7.8 2018 • LEswatini 8.6 2018 • LAlbania NA NA • •Andorra NA NA • •Austria NA NA • •Azerbaijan NA NA • •Bahrain NA NA • •Belgium NA NA • •Brunei Darussalam NA NA • •Canada NA NA • •China NA NA • •Cyprus NA NA • •Fiji NA NA • •Greece NA NA • •India NA NA • •Iraq NA NA • •Jamaica NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Korea, Rep. NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Lithuania NA NA • •Maldives NA NA • •Malta NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Qatar NA NA • •Russian Federation NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Saudi Arabia NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Slovenia NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •Sweden NA NA • •Switzerland NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Trinidad and Tobago NA NA • •Turkey NA NA • •Turkmenistan NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •United Arab Emirates NA NA • •United Kingdom NA NA • •Vanuatu NA NA • •Venezuela, RB NA NA • •

Bangladesh 0.0 2018 • L


Comoros 0.0 2018 • LJapan 0.0 2018 • LJordan 0.0 2018 • LMongolia 0.0 2018 • LSri Lanka 0.0 2018 • LSyrian Arab Republic 0.0 2018 • LAfghanistan 0.0 2018 • LCroatia 0.0 2018 • LDenmark 0.0 2018 • LHungary 0.0 2018 • LLebanon 0.0 2018 • LNorth Macedonia 0.0 2018 • LNorway 0.0 2018 • LSerbia 0.0 2018 • LSlovak Republic 0.0 2018 • LTunisia 0.0 2018 • LAlgeria 0.0 2018 • LGermany 0.0 2018 • LMauritania 0.0 2018 • LMorocco 0.0 2018 • LNepal 0.0 2018 • LNetherlands 0.0 2017 • LNew Zealand 0.0 2018 • LSomalia 0.0 2018 • LAustralia 0.0 2018 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 0.0 2018 • LFinland 0.0 2018 • LKuwait 0.0 2018 • LPoland 0.0 2018 • LRomania 0.0 2018 • LSingapore 0.0 2018 • LYemen, Rep. 0.0 2018 • LBulgaria 0.1 2018 • LCambodia 0.1 2018 • LCzech Republic 0.1 2018 • LIceland 0.1 2018 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 0.1 2018 • LIsrael 0.1 2018 • LItaly 0.1 2018 • LArmenia 0.1 2018 • LVietnam 0.1 2018 • LLibya 0.1 2018 • LNicaragua 0.1 2018 • LOman 0.1 2018 • LPortugal 0.1 2018 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 0.1 2018 • L

Spain 0.1 2018 • LIreland 0.1 2018 • LLao PDR 0.1 2018 • LMexico 0.1 2018 • LMontenegro 0.1 2018 • LNiger 0.1 2018 • LSenegal 0.1 2018 • LFrance 0.1 2018 • LHonduras 0.1 2018 • LKyrgyz Republic 0.1 2018 • LLuxembourg 0.1 2018 • LTajikistan 0.1 2018 • LThailand 0.1 2018 • LPeru 0.1 2018 • LBhutan 0.1 2018 • LEl Salvador 0.1 2018 • LPakistan 0.1 2018 • LBurkina Faso 0.1 2018 • LUnited States 0.1 2016 • •Bolivia 0.1 2018 • LEcuador 0.1 2018 • LPhilippines 0.1 2018 • LSudan 0.1 2018 • LColombia 0.1 2018 • LGuatemala 0.1 2018 • LKazakhstan 0.1 2018 • LArgentina 0.2 2018 • LCuba 0.2 2018 • LEritrea 0.2 2018 • LBurundi 0.2 2018 • LParaguay 0.2 2018 • LUzbekistan 0.2 2018 • LIndonesia 0.2 2018 • LGeorgia 0.2 2018 • LMalaysia 0.2 2018 • LCabo Verde 0.2 2018 • LLatvia 0.2 2018 • LMyanmar 0.2 2018 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 0.2 2018 • LCosta Rica 0.2 2018 • pBelarus 0.2 2018 • LEstonia 0.2 2018 • LEthiopia 0.2 2018 • LMadagascar 0.2 2018 • pGrenada 0.3 2018 • LMoldova 0.3 2018 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 0.3 2018 • 5Brazil 0.3 2018 • 5Dominican Republic 0.3 2018 • L

Number of people newly infected with HIV per 1,000 uninfected population.Source: UNAIDS (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)






Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30–70 years (%)

Benin 19.6 2016 • 5Djibouti 19.6 2016 • pSouth Sudan 19.8 2016 • 5Timor-Leste 19.9 2016 • LGuinea-Bissau 20.0 2016 • DNiger 20.0 2016 • 5Libya 20.1 2016 • 5Botswana 20.3 2016 • DNorth Macedonia 20.3 2016 • LThe Gambia 20.4 2016 • 5Montenegro 20.6 2016 • DSamoa 20.6 2016 • LLithuania 20.7 2016 • LGhana 20.8 2016 • pCambodia 21.1 2016 • DSeychelles 21.2 2016 • DIraq 21.3 2016 • DNamibia 21.3 2016 • DTrinidad and Tobago 21.3 2016 • DGrenada 21.4 2016 • DRomania 21.4 2016 • DBangladesh 21.6 2016 • 5Cameroon 21.6 2016 • 5Burkina Faso 21.7 2016 • 5Suriname 21.7 2016 • DNepal 21.8 2016 • DSomalia 21.8 2016 • pSyrian Arab Republic 21.8 2016 • 5Latvia 21.9 2016 • LUganda 21.9 2016 • 5Equatorial Guinea 22.0 2016 • 5Belize 22.1 2016 • 5Azerbaijan 22.2 2016 • DArmenia 22.3 2016 • LGuinea 22.4 2016 • 5Nigeria 22.5 2016 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 22.6 2016 • pMauritius 22.6 2016 • DBurundi 22.9 2016 • pComoros 22.9 2016 • 5Madagascar 22.9 2016 • DHungary 23.0 2016 • 5



Bhutan 23.3 2016 • DIndia 23.3 2016 • 5Tonga 23.3 2016 • 5

Vanuatu 23.3 2016 • DBulgaria 23.6 2016 • 5Togo 23.6 2016 • 5Belarus 23.7 2016 • LSolomon Islands 23.8 2016 • DChad 23.9 2016 • 5Eritrea 23.9 2016 • 5Myanmar 24.2 2016 • 5Uzbekistan 24.5 2016 • DMali 24.6 2016 • 5Pakistan 24.7 2016 • 5Ukraine 24.7 2016 • LGeorgia 24.9 2016 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 24.9 2016 • DMoldova 24.9 2016 • LTajikistan 25.3 2016 • 5Russian Federation 25.4 2016 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 25.6 2016 • 5Sudan 26.0 2016 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 26.1 2016 • 5South Africa 26.2 2016 • DIndonesia 26.4 2016 • 5Haiti 26.5 2016 • pLesotho 26.6 2016 • 5Eswatini 26.7 2016 • pKazakhstan 26.8 2016 • LPhilippines 26.8 2016 • 5Lao PDR 27.0 2016 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 27.7 2016 • 5Kiribati 28.4 2016 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 29.1 2016 • pTurkmenistan 29.5 2016 • 5Afghanistan 29.8 2016 • 5Papua New Guinea 30.0 2016 • pMongolia 30.2 2016 • 5Guyana 30.5 2016 • 5Sierra Leone 30.5 2016 • 5Fiji 30.6 2016 • 5Yemen, Rep. 30.6 2016 • 5Andorra NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Korea, Rep. 7.8 2016 • LJapan 8.4 2016 • LSwitzerland 8.6 2016 • LAustralia 9.1 2016 • LIceland 9.1 2016 • LSweden 9.1 2016 • LNorway 9.2 2016 • LSingapore 9.3 2016 • LItaly 9.5 2016 • LIsrael 9.6 2016 • LCanada 9.8 2016 • LSpain 9.9 2016 • LLuxembourg 10.0 2016 • LNew Zealand 10.1 2016 • LFinland 10.2 2016 • LIreland 10.3 2016 • LFrance 10.6 2016 • LMalta 10.8 2016 • LUnited Kingdom 10.9 2016 • LPortugal 11.1 2016 • LNetherlands 11.2 2016 • LBahrain 11.3 2016 • LCyprus 11.3 2016 • LDenmark 11.3 2016 • LAustria 11.4 2016 • LBelgium 11.4 2016 • LCosta Rica 11.5 2016 • LGermany 12.1 2016 • LChile 12.4 2016 • LGreece 12.4 2016 • LMorocco 12.4 2016 • LPeru 12.6 2016 • LSlovenia 12.7 2016 • LEcuador 13.0 2016 • LPanama 13.0 2016 • LKenya 13.4 2016 • LMaldives 13.4 2016 • LEl Salvador 14.0 2016 • LHonduras 14.0 2016 • LAlgeria 14.2 2016 • LNicaragua 14.2 2016 • LGabon 14.4 2016 • LThailand 14.5 2016 • LUnited States 14.6 2016 • LJamaica 14.7 2016 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 14.8 2016 • LGuatemala 14.9 2016 • LCzech Republic 15.0 2016 • LQatar 15.3 2016 • L

The Bahamas 15.5 2016 • LMexico 15.7 2016 • LArgentina 15.8 2016 • LColombia 15.8 2016 • LTunisia 16.1 2016 • LTurkey 16.1 2016 • LBarbados 16.2 2016 • LCuba 16.4 2016 • LMalawi 16.4 2016 • LSaudi Arabia 16.4 2016 • LAngola 16.5 2016 • LBrazil 16.6 2016 • LBrunei Darussalam 16.6 2016 • LCongo, Rep. 16.7 2016 • LCroatia 16.7 2016 • LUruguay 16.7 2016 • LUnited Arab Emirates 16.8 2016 • LAlbania 17.0 2016 • LChina 17.0 2016 • LEstonia 17.0 2016 • LVietnam 17.1 2016 • LBolivia 17.2 2016 • LCabo Verde 17.2 2016 • LMalaysia 17.2 2016 • LSlovak Republic 17.2 2016 • LKuwait 17.4 2016 • LSri Lanka 17.4 2016 • 5Paraguay 17.5 2016 • LLiberia 17.6 2016 • 5


Oman 17.8 2016 • LLebanon 17.9 2016 • 5Tanzania 17.9 2016 • 5Zambia 17.9 2016 • LMauritania 18.1 2016 • pSenegal 18.1 2016 • LVenezuela, RB 18.1 2016 • 5Rwanda 18.2 2016 • DEthiopia 18.3 2016 • DMozambique 18.4 2016 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 18.5 2016 • 5Poland 18.7 2016 • LSt. Lucia 18.8 2016 • 5Dominican Republic 19.0 2016 • 5Serbia 19.1 2016 • LJordan 19.2 2016 • DZimbabwe 19.3 2016 • DCongo, Dem. Rep. 19.4 2016 • 5

The probability of dying between the ages of 30 and 70 years from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases, defined as the percent of 30-year-old-people who would die before their 70th birthday from these diseases, assuming current mortality rates at every age and that individuals would not die from any other cause of death (e.g. injuries or HIV/AIDS).Source: WHO (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)






Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population)

Syrian Arab Republic 75 2016 • •Gabon 76 2016 • •Kenya 78 2016 • •Moldova 78 2016 • •Montenegro 79 2016 • •Turkmenistan 79 2016 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 80 2016 • •Sri Lanka 80 2016 • •Uzbekistan 81 2016 • •North Macedonia 82 2016 • •Saudi Arabia 84 2016 • •Samoa 85 2016 • •South Africa 87 2016 • •Cabo Verde 99 2016 • •Fiji 99 2016 • •Botswana 101 2016 • •Georgia 102 2016 • •Kuwait 104 2016 • •Guyana 108 2016 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 109 2016 • •Mozambique 110 2016 • •Kyrgyz Republic 111 2016 • •Indonesia 112 2016 • •China 113 2016 • •Malawi 115 2016 • •Angola 119 2016 • •Rwanda 121 2016 • •Bhutan 124 2016 • •Zambia 127 2016 • •Tajikistan 129 2016 • •Congo, Rep. 131 2016 • •Zimbabwe 133 2016 • •Vanuatu 136 2016 • •Eswatini 137 2016 • •Solomon Islands 137 2016 • •Tanzania 139 2016 • •Kiribati 140 2016 • •Timor-Leste 140 2016 • •Ethiopia 144 2016 • •Namibia 145 2016 • •Bangladesh 149 2016 • •Cambodia 150 2016 • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 152 2016 • •Papua New Guinea 152 2016 • •Mongolia 156 2016 • •Myanmar 156 2016 • •Uganda 156 2016 • •Djibouti 159 2016 • •

Madagascar 160 2016 • •Senegal 161 2016 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 162 2016 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 164 2016 • •South Sudan 165 2016 • •Mauritania 169 2016 • •Liberia 170 2016 • •Comoros 172 2016 • •Eritrea 174 2016 • •Pakistan 174 2016 • •Equatorial Guinea 178 2016 • •Lesotho 178 2016 • •Burundi 180 2016 • •Haiti 184 2016 • •India 184 2016 • •Philippines 185 2016 • •Sudan 185 2016 • •Lao PDR 188 2016 • •Nepal 194 2016 • •Yemen, Rep. 194 2016 • •Ghana 204 2016 • •Benin 205 2016 • •Burkina Faso 206 2016 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. 207 2016 • •Cameroon 208 2016 • •Mali 209 2016 • •Afghanistan 211 2016 • •Central African Republic 212 2016 • •Somalia 213 2016 • •Guinea-Bissau 215 2016 • •The Gambia 237 2016 • •Guinea 243 2016 • •Togo 250 2016 • •Niger 252 2016 • •Côte d’Ivoire 269 2016 • •Chad 280 2016 • •Nigeria 307 2016 • •Sierra Leone 324 2016 • •Andorra NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Canada 7 2016 • •Finland 7 2016 • •New Zealand 7 2016 • •Sweden 7 2016 • •Australia 8 2016 • •Iceland 9 2016 • •Norway 9 2016 • •France 10 2016 • •Portugal 10 2016 • •Spain 10 2016 • •Switzerland 10 2016 • •Ireland 12 2016 • •Japan 12 2016 • •Luxembourg 12 2016 • •Brunei Darussalam 13 2016 • •Denmark 13 2016 • •United States 13 2016 • •Netherlands 14 2016 • •United Kingdom 14 2016 • •Austria 15 2016 • •Israel 15 2016 • •Italy 15 2016 • •Belgium 16 2016 • •Germany 16 2016 • •Uruguay 18 2016 • •The Bahamas 20 2016 • •Cyprus 20 2016 • •Korea, Rep. 20 2016 • •Malta 20 2016 • •Costa Rica 23 2016 • •Slovenia 23 2016 • •Chile 25 2016 • •Ecuador 25 2016 • •Estonia 25 2016 • •Jamaica 25 2016 • •Maldives 26 2016 • •Panama 26 2016 • •Singapore 26 2016 • •Argentina 27 2016 • •Greece 28 2016 • •Antigua and Barbuda 30 2016 • •Brazil 30 2016 • •Czech Republic 30 2016 • •St. Lucia 30 2016 • •Barbados 31 2016 • •Lithuania 34 2016 • •Slovak Republic 34 2016 • •Croatia 35 2016 • •Venezuela, RB 35 2016 • •

Colombia 37 2016 • •Mexico 37 2016 • •Mauritius 38 2016 • •Poland 38 2016 • •Hungary 39 2016 • •Trinidad and Tobago 39 2016 • •Bahrain 40 2016 • •Latvia 41 2016 • •El Salvador 42 2016 • •Dominican Republic 43 2016 • •Grenada 45 2016 • •Malaysia 47 2016 • •Qatar 47 2016 • •Turkey 47 2016 • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines 48 2016 • •Morocco 49 2016 • •Russian Federation 49 2016 • •Seychelles 49 2016 • •Algeria 50 2016 • •Cuba 50 2016 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 51 2016 • •Jordan 51 2016 • •Lebanon 51 2016 • •Oman 54 2016 • •Armenia 55 2016 • •United Arab Emirates 55 2016 • •Nicaragua 56 2016 • •Tunisia 56 2016 • •Paraguay 57 2016 • •Suriname 57 2016 • •Romania 59 2016 • •Belarus 61 2016 • •Honduras 61 2016 • •Thailand 61 2016 • •Bulgaria 62 2016 • •Serbia 62 2016 • •Kazakhstan 63 2016 • •Azerbaijan 64 2016 • •Bolivia 64 2016 • •Peru 64 2016 • •Vietnam 64 2016 • •Albania 68 2016 • •Belize 69 2016 • •Ukraine 71 2016 • •Libya 72 2016 • •Tonga 73 2016 • •Guatemala 74 2016 • •Iraq 75 2016 • •

Mortality rate that is attributable to the joint effects of fuels used for cooking indoors and ambient outdoor air pollution.Source: WHO (2020) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)






Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population)

Seychelles 15.9 2016 • pVanuatu 15.9 2016 • 5Oman 16.1 2016 • LMongolia 16.5 2016 • LGuatemala 16.6 2016 • LLao PDR 16.6 2016 • pCosta Rica 16.7 2016 • pHonduras 16.7 2016 • 5Tonga 16.8 2016 • pArmenia 17.1 2016 • DBhutan 17.4 2016 • pSolomon Islands 17.4 2016 • DKazakhstan 17.6 2016 • LKuwait 17.6 2016 • DCambodia 17.8 2016 • pRussian Federation 18.0 2016 • 5Lebanon 18.1 2016 • LTajikistan 18.1 2016 • 5United Arab Emirates 18.1 2016 • pChina 18.2 2016 • 5Colombia 18.5 2016 • pMorocco 19.6 2016 • DBrazil 19.7 2016 • LMyanmar 19.9 2016 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 20.5 2016 • LIraq 20.7 2016 • pKorea, Dem. Rep. 20.8 2013 • •Ecuador 21.3 2016 • pNigeria 21.4 2016 • pYemen, Rep. 21.5 2013 • •El Salvador 22.2 2016 • pIndia 22.6 2016 • pParaguay 22.7 2016 • pTunisia 22.8 2016 • DMali 23.1 2016 • DGabon 23.2 2016 • pSenegal 23.4 2016 • LAngola 23.6 2016 • LCôte d’Ivoire 23.6 2016 • 5Malaysia 23.6 2016 • 5Algeria 23.8 2013 • •Botswana 23.8 2016 • pJordan 24.4 2016 • DEquatorial Guinea 24.6 2016 • pGuyana 24.6 2016 • pDjibouti 24.7 2013 • •Mauritania 24.7 2016 • pZambia 24.7 2013 • •Ghana 24.9 2016 • 5

Cabo Verde 25.0 2016 • 5Eritrea 25.3 2016 • pSudan 25.7 2016 • pSouth Africa 25.9 2016 • pLibya 26.1 2016 • pNiger 26.2 2016 • 5Vietnam 26.4 2016 • pComoros 26.5 2016 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 26.5 2016 • pEthiopia 26.7 2016 • pEswatini 26.9 2016 • pSomalia 27.1 2016 • pSierra Leone 27.3 2013 • •Congo, Rep. 27.4 2016 • pBenin 27.5 2016 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 27.5 2016 • DChad 27.6 2016 • pKenya 27.8 2016 • 5Guinea 28.2 2016 • pBelize 28.3 2016 • pMadagascar 28.6 2016 • pSaudi Arabia 28.8 2016 • pLesotho 28.9 2016 • pUganda 29.0 2016 • pTanzania 29.2 2016 • DTogo 29.2 2016 • 5The Gambia 29.7 2016 • pRwanda 29.7 2016 • DSouth Sudan 29.9 2016 • pCameroon 30.1 2016 • pMozambique 30.1 2016 • 5Namibia 30.4 2016 • pBurkina Faso 30.5 2016 • pMalawi 31.0 2016 • DGuinea-Bissau 31.1 2016 • pThailand 32.7 2016 • D


Congo, Dem. Rep. 33.7 2016 • pVenezuela, RB 33.7 2016 • LDominican Republic 34.6 2016 • pBurundi 34.7 2016 • pZimbabwe 34.7 2016 • pSt. Lucia 35.4 2016 • pLiberia 35.9 2016 • pLiechtenstein NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Monaco 0.0 2013 • •San Marino 0.0 2016 • LMaldives 0.9 2016 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 1.9 2016 • LNorway 2.7 2016 • LSwitzerland 2.7 2016 • LSingapore 2.8 2016 • LSweden 2.8 2016 • LUnited Kingdom 3.1 2016 • LNetherlands 3.8 2016 • LDenmark 4.0 2016 • LGermany 4.1 2016 • LIreland 4.1 2016 • LJapan 4.1 2016 • LSpain 4.1 2016 • LIsrael 4.2 2016 • LKiribati 4.4 2016 • LFinland 4.7 2016 • LPalau 4.8 2013 • •Cyprus 5.1 2016 • LAustria 5.2 2016 • LFrance 5.5 2016 • LAustralia 5.6 2016 • LBarbados 5.6 2016 • LItaly 5.6 2016 • LMarshall Islands 5.7 2013 • •Belgium 5.8 2016 • LCanada 5.8 2016 • LCzech Republic 5.9 2016 • LEstonia 6.1 2016 • LMalta 6.1 2016 • LSlovak Republic 6.1 2016 • LLuxembourg 6.3 2016 • LNorth Macedonia 6.4 2016 • LSlovenia 6.4 2016 • LIceland 6.6 2016 • LPortugal 7.4 2016 • LSerbia 7.4 2016 • LAndorra 7.6 2013 • •Hungary 7.8 2016 • LNew Zealand 7.8 2016 • LAntigua and Barbuda 7.9 2016 • LBahrain 8.0 2013 • •Brunei Darussalam 8.0 2013 • •Lithuania 8.0 2016 • LCroatia 8.1 2016 • L

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 8.2 2013 • •Cuba 8.5 2016 • p

Azerbaijan 8.7 2016 • LBelarus 8.9 2016 • LGreece 9.2 2016 • 5Grenada 9.3 2016 • pLatvia 9.3 2016 • LQatar 9.3 2016 • LFiji 9.6 2016 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 9.7 2016 • LMoldova 9.7 2016 • LPoland 9.7 2016 • LKorea, Rep. 9.8 2016 • LBulgaria 10.2 2016 • pRomania 10.3 2016 • pMontenegro 10.7 2016 • LDominica 10.9 2016 • LSamoa 11.3 2016 • LUzbekistan 11.5 2016 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 12.1 2016 • LIndonesia 12.2 2016 • LPhilippines 12.3 2016 • pTurkey 12.3 2016 • pUnited States 12.4 2016 • pChile 12.5 2016 • pTimor-Leste 12.7 2016 • LMexico 13.1 2016 • pUruguay 13.4 2016 • LPeru 13.5 2016 • 5Albania 13.6 2016 • LJamaica 13.6 2016 • pMauritius 13.7 2016 • pUkraine 13.7 2016 • pThe Bahamas 13.8 2013 • •Argentina 14.0 2016 • pPapua New Guinea 14.2 2016 • LPakistan 14.3 2016 • pPanama 14.3 2016 • pSuriname 14.5 2016 • LTurkmenistan 14.5 2016 • LSri Lanka 14.9 2016 • LAfghanistan 15.1 2016 • 5Haiti 15.1 2013 • •Bangladesh 15.3 2016 • pGeorgia 15.3 2016 • pNicaragua 15.3 2013 • •Kyrgyz Republic 15.4 2016 • LBolivia 15.5 2016 • L


Nepal 15.9 2016 • D

Estimated number of fatal road traffic injuries per 100,000 people.Source: WHO (2020) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)






Life expectancy at birth (years)

Georgia 72.6 2016 • pUkraine 72.5 2016 • DUzbekistan 72.3 2016 • 5


Vanuatu 72.0 2016 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 71.9 2016 • 5Libya 71.9 2016 • pRussian Federation 71.9 2016 • DSuriname 71.8 2016 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 71.8 2016 • 5Bolivia 71.5 2016 • DMoldova 71.5 2016 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 71.4 2016 • DKazakhstan 71.1 2016 • DSolomon Islands 71.1 2016 • 5Tajikistan 70.8 2016 • 5Bhutan 70.6 2016 • DBelize 70.5 2016 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 70.5 2016 • pNepal 70.2 2016 • DFiji 69.9 2016 • 5Iraq 69.8 2016 • pMongolia 69.8 2016 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 69.6 2016 • 5Cambodia 69.4 2016 • DIndonesia 69.3 2016 • 5Philippines 69.3 2016 • 5India 68.8 2016 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 68.7 2016 • 5Timor-Leste 68.6 2016 • 5Turkmenistan 68.2 2016 • 5Rwanda 68.0 2016 • DMyanmar 66.8 2016 • 5Senegal 66.8 2016 • DKenya 66.7 2016 • DPakistan 66.5 2016 • 5Gabon 66.4 2016 • DGuyana 66.2 2016 • 5Botswana 66.1 2016 • DKiribati 66.1 2016 • 5Madagascar 66.1 2016 • 5Papua New Guinea 65.9 2016 • 5Lao PDR 65.8 2016 • 5Ethiopia 65.5 2016 • DYemen, Rep. 65.3 2016 • 5Sudan 65.1 2016 • 5Eritrea 65.0 2016 • 5Congo, Rep. 64.3 2016 • 5

Malawi 64.2 2016 • DComoros 63.9 2016 • 5Mauritania 63.9 2016 • 5Tanzania 63.9 2016 • DDjibouti 63.8 2016 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 63.8 2016 • DNamibia 63.7 2016 • 5South Africa 63.6 2016 • DHaiti 63.5 2016 • 5Ghana 63.4 2016 • 5Liberia 62.9 2016 • 5Afghanistan 62.7 2016 • 5Angola 62.6 2016 • 5Uganda 62.5 2016 • DZambia 62.3 2016 • DThe Gambia 61.9 2016 • 5Zimbabwe 61.4 2016 • DBenin 61.1 2016 • 5Togo 60.6 2016 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 60.5 2016 • 5Burkina Faso 60.3 2016 • 5Burundi 60.1 2016 • 5Mozambique 60.1 2016 • DGuinea 59.8 2016 • 5Guinea-Bissau 59.8 2016 • 5Niger 59.8 2016 • 5Equatorial Guinea 59.5 2016 • 5South Sudan 58.6 2016 • 5Cameroon 58.1 2016 • 5Mali 58.0 2016 • 5Eswatini 57.7 2016 • 5Somalia 55.4 2016 • 5Nigeria 55.2 2016 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 54.6 2016 • 5Chad 54.3 2016 • 5Sierra Leone 53.1 2016 • 5


Lesotho 52.9 2016 • 5Andorra NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Japan 84.2 2016 • LSwitzerland 83.3 2016 • LSpain 83.1 2016 • LAustralia 82.9 2016 • LFrance 82.9 2016 • LSingapore 82.9 2016 • LCanada 82.8 2016 • LItaly 82.8 2016 • LKorea, Rep. 82.7 2016 • LNorway 82.5 2016 • LIceland 82.4 2016 • LLuxembourg 82.4 2016 • LSweden 82.4 2016 • LIsrael 82.3 2016 • LNew Zealand 82.2 2016 • LAustria 81.9 2016 • LNetherlands 81.6 2016 • LIreland 81.5 2016 • LMalta 81.5 2016 • LPortugal 81.5 2016 • LFinland 81.4 2016 • LUnited Kingdom 81.4 2016 • LBelgium 81.2 2016 • LDenmark 81.2 2016 • LGreece 81.2 2016 • LGermany 81.0 2016 • LSlovenia 80.9 2016 • LCyprus 80.7 2016 • LCosta Rica 79.6 2016 • LChile 79.5 2016 • LCzech Republic 79.2 2016 • LBahrain 79.1 2016 • LCuba 79.0 2016 • DUnited States 78.5 2016 • 5Maldives 78.4 2016 • LCroatia 78.3 2016 • LQatar 78.1 2016 • DPanama 78.0 2016 • DEstonia 77.8 2016 • LPoland 77.8 2016 • LSlovak Republic 77.4 2016 • L


United Arab Emirates 77.2 2016 • DUruguay 77.1 2016 • DOman 77.0 2016 • DArgentina 76.9 2016 • DMontenegro 76.8 2016 • DMexico 76.6 2016 • 5

Ecuador 76.5 2016 • DAlbania 76.4 2016 • DAlgeria 76.4 2016 • DBrunei Darussalam 76.4 2016 • 5China 76.4 2016 • DTurkey 76.4 2016 • LLebanon 76.3 2016 • 5Serbia 76.3 2016 • DVietnam 76.3 2016 • DHungary 76.0 2016 • DJamaica 76.0 2016 • DMorocco 76.0 2016 • DTunisia 76.0 2016 • DNorth Macedonia 75.9 2016 • 5Peru 75.9 2016 • DThe Bahamas 75.7 2016 • DIran, Islamic Rep. 75.7 2016 • DBarbados 75.6 2016 • 5St. Lucia 75.6 2016 • DNicaragua 75.5 2016 • DThailand 75.5 2016 • DMalaysia 75.3 2016 • DSri Lanka 75.3 2016 • 5Honduras 75.2 2016 • DRomania 75.2 2016 • 5Brazil 75.1 2016 • DColombia 75.1 2016 • DSamoa 75.1 2016 • DAntigua and Barbuda 75.0 2016 • 5Latvia 75.0 2016 • DLithuania 75.0 2016 • LArmenia 74.8 2016 • 5Bulgaria 74.8 2016 • 5Kuwait 74.8 2016 • 5Mauritius 74.8 2016 • DSaudi Arabia 74.8 2016 • 5Jordan 74.3 2016 • 5Belarus 74.2 2016 • LParaguay 74.2 2016 • 5Venezuela, RB 74.1 2016 • 5El Salvador 73.7 2016 • DDominican Republic 73.5 2016 • DGrenada 73.4 2016 • 5Tonga 73.4 2016 • 5Seychelles 73.3 2016 • 5Cabo Verde 73.2 2016 • DGuatemala 73.2 2016 • DAzerbaijan 73.1 2016 • DBangladesh 72.7 2016 • D

The average number of years that a newborn could expect to live, if he or she were to pass through life exposed to the sex- and age-specific death rates prevailing at the time of his or her birth, for a specific year, in a given country, territory, or geographic area.Source: WHO (2020) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)






Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 adolescent females aged 15 to 19)

Georgia 46.4 2017 • DIndonesia 47.4 2017 • 5

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 49.0 2017 • D

Fiji 49.4 2017 • pVanuatu 49.4 2017 • 5Cambodia 50.2 2017 • pCuba 51.6 2017 • 5Haiti 51.7 2017 • DEritrea 52.6 2017 • DPapua New Guinea 52.7 2017 • 5Jamaica 52.8 2017 • DCosta Rica 53.5 2017 • DEgypt, Arab Rep. 53.8 2017 • 5Philippines 54.2 2017 • 5Burundi 55.6 2017 • 5Azerbaijan 55.8 2017 • pPeru 56.9 2017 • 5Tajikistan 57.1 2017 • pUruguay 58.7 2017 • 5Brazil 59.1 2017 • 5Yemen, Rep. 60.4 2017 • DMexico 60.4 2017 • 5Suriname 61.7 2017 • 5South Sudan 62.0 2017 • LSeychelles 62.1 2017 • pArgentina 62.8 2017 • 5Namibia 63.6 2017 • LSudan 64.0 2017 • LBolivia 64.9 2017 • DNepal 65.1 2017 • DComoros 65.4 2017 • DLao PDR 65.4 2017 • 5Ghana 66.6 2017 • 5Colombia 66.7 2017 • 5Ethiopia 66.7 2017 • DSouth Africa 67.9 2017 • 5Belize 68.5 2017 • 5Afghanistan 69.0 2017 • LEl Salvador 69.5 2017 • 5Paraguay 70.5 2017 • 5Guatemala 70.9 2017 • 5Mauritania 71.0 2017 • DIraq 71.7 2017 • 5Senegal 72.7 2017 • DHonduras 72.9 2017 • 5Cabo Verde 73.8 2017 • 5Guyana 74.4 2017 • DKenya 75.1 2017 • D

Eswatini 76.7 2017 • 5Solomon Islands 78.0 2017 • 5The Gambia 78.2 2017 • DEcuador 79.3 2017 • 5Panama 81.8 2017 • 5Bangladesh 83.0 2017 • 5Nicaragua 85.0 2017 • 5Venezuela, RB 85.3 2017 • 5Benin 86.1 2017 • 5Zimbabwe 86.1 2017 • DTogo 89.1 2017 • 5Lesotho 92.7 2017 • pDominican Republic 94.3 2017 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 94.6 2017 • 5Gabon 96.2 2017 • 5Somalia 100.1 2017 • 5Burkina Faso 104.3 2017 • 5Guinea-Bissau 104.8 2017 • 5Cameroon 105.8 2017 • DNigeria 107.3 2017 • 5Madagascar 109.6 2017 • 5Congo, Rep. 112.2 2017 • 5Sierra Leone 112.8 2017 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 117.6 2017 • 5Tanzania 118.4 2017 • 5Uganda 118.8 2017 • 5Zambia 120.1 2017 • DCongo, Dem. Rep. 124.2 2017 • 5


Malawi 132.7 2017 • 5Guinea 135.3 2017 • 5Liberia 136.0 2017 • 5Mozambique 148.6 2017 • 5Angola 150.5 2017 • 5Equatorial Guinea 155.6 2017 • 5Chad 161.1 2017 • 5Mali 169.1 2017 • 5Niger 186.5 2017 • 5Andorra NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.3 2017 • LKorea, Rep. 1.4 2017 • LSwitzerland 2.8 2017 • LSingapore 3.5 2017 • LSlovenia 3.8 2017 • LJapan 3.8 2017 • LNetherlands 3.8 2017 • LDenmark 4.1 2017 • LCyprus 4.6 2017 • LBelgium 4.7 2017 • LFrance 4.7 2017 • LLuxembourg 4.7 2017 • LSweden 5.1 2017 • LNorway 5.1 2017 • LItaly 5.2 2017 • LLibya 5.8 2017 • LFinland 5.8 2017 • LIceland 6.3 2017 • LUnited Arab Emirates 6.5 2017 • LGreece 7.2 2017 • LSaudi Arabia 7.3 2017 • LAustria 7.3 2017 • LIreland 7.5 2017 • LChina 7.6 2017 • LEstonia 7.7 2017 • LSpain 7.7 2017 • LMaldives 7.8 2017 • LTunisia 7.8 2017 • LGermany 8.1 2017 • LKuwait 8.2 2017 • LPortugal 8.4 2017 • LCanada 8.4 2017 • LCroatia 8.7 2017 • LMontenegro 9.3 2017 • LIsrael 9.6 2017 • L


Qatar 9.9 2017 • LAlgeria 10.1 2017 • LBrunei Darussalam 10.3 2017 • LPoland 10.5 2017 • LLithuania 10.9 2017 • LAustralia 11.7 2017 • LCzech Republic 12.0 2017 • LMalta 12.9 2017 • LOman 13.1 2017 • LIndia 13.2 2017 • LBahrain 13.4 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 13.4 2017 • L

Malaysia 13.4 2017 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 13.9 2017 • LLebanon 14.5 2017 • LBelarus 14.5 2017 • LTonga 14.7 2017 • LSerbia 14.7 2017 • LNorth Macedonia 15.7 2017 • LLatvia 16.2 2017 • LKiribati 16.2 2017 • LDjibouti 18.8 2017 • LNew Zealand 19.3 2017 • LAlbania 19.6 2017 • LUnited States 19.9 2017 • LBhutan 20.2 2017 • LRussian Federation 20.7 2017 • LSri Lanka 20.9 2017 • LArmenia 21.5 2017 • LMoldova 22.4 2017 • LUkraine 23.7 2017 • LUzbekistan 23.8 2017 • LSamoa 23.9 2017 • LHungary 24.0 2017 • LTurkmenistan 24.4 2017 • LSlovak Republic 25.7 2017 • pMauritius 25.7 2017 • LJordan 25.9 2017 • LTurkey 26.6 2017 • LMyanmar 28.5 2017 • DGrenada 29.2 2017 • LKazakhstan 29.8 2017 • DThe Bahamas 30.0 2017 • LTrinidad and Tobago 30.1 2017 • LVietnam 30.9 2017 • LMongolia 31.0 2017 • 5Morocco 31.0 2017 • LKyrgyz Republic 32.8 2017 • LBarbados 33.6 2017 • LTimor-Leste 33.8 2017 • LRomania 36.2 2017 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 38.6 2017 • DPakistan 38.8 2017 • DRwanda 39.1 2017 • 5Bulgaria 39.9 2017 • DSt. Lucia 40.5 2017 • DIran, Islamic Rep. 40.6 2017 • pChile 41.1 2017 • LAntigua and Barbuda 42.8 2017 • DThailand 44.9 2017 • DBotswana 46.1 2017 • 5

The number of births per 1,000 women between the age of 15 to 19.Source: UNDESA (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)






Births attended by skilled health personnel (%)

Syrian Arab Republic 96.2 2009 • •Venezuela, RB 96.2 2016 • 5Dominica 96.0 2016 • pParaguay 95.5 2016 • 5Tonga 95.5 2012 • •Romania 95.2 2015 • pTajikistan 94.8 2017 • LPanama 94.6 2016 • 5Congo, Rep. 94.4 2015 • LDenmark 94.4 2016 • pVietnam 93.8 2014 • •Tuvalu 93.1 2007 • •Indonesia 92.6 2016 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 92.5 2014 • •Peru 92.4 2016 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 91.5 2014 • •Cabo Verde 91.4 2015 • 5Rwanda 90.7 2015 • •Marshall Islands 90.1 2011 • •Costa Rica 90.0 2015 • pBolivia 89.8 2016 • LMalawi 89.8 2016 • •Vanuatu 89.4 2013 • •Gabon 89.3 2012 • •Bhutan 89.0 2016 • LCambodia 89.0 2014 • •Eswatini 88.3 2014 • •Namibia 88.2 2013 • •Nicaragua 88.0 2012 • •Djibouti 87.4 2012 • •Solomon Islands 86.2 2015 • •Guyana 85.7 2014 • •Burundi 85.1 2017 • LPhilippines 84.4 2017 • LHonduras 82.8 2012 • •Samoa 82.5 2014 • •Comoros 82.2 2012 • •India 81.4 2016 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 80.1 2014 • •Suriname 80.0 2015 • •Burkina Faso 79.8 2015 • •Benin 78.1 2018 • pZimbabwe 78.1 2015 • LLesotho 77.9 2014 • •Sudan 77.5 2014 • •Uganda 74.2 2016 • LCôte d’Ivoire 73.6 2016 • LMorocco 73.6 2011 • •Tunisia 73.6 2012 • •

Ghana 70.8 2014 • •Iraq 70.4 2012 • •Mauritania 69.3 2015 • DPakistan 69.3 2018 • LSenegal 68.4 2017 • LEquatorial Guinea 68.3 2011 • •Guatemala 65.5 2015 • DCameroon 64.7 2014 • •Tanzania 63.7 2016 • 5Zambia 63.3 2014 • •Guinea 62.7 2016 • LKenya 61.8 2014 • •Liberia 61.1 2013 • •Myanmar 60.2 2016 • •Sierra Leone 59.7 2013 • •Nepal 58.0 2016 • LThe Gambia 57.2 2013 • •Timor-Leste 56.7 2016 • •Mozambique 54.3 2011 • •Papua New Guinea 53.0 2006 • •Afghanistan 50.5 2015 • LBangladesh 49.8 2016 • DAngola 49.6 2016 • •Guinea-Bissau 45.0 2014 • •Yemen, Rep. 44.7 2013 • •Togo 44.6 2014 • •Madagascar 44.3 2013 • •Mali 43.7 2015 • pHaiti 41.6 2017 • 5Nigeria 40.3 2017 • 5Lao PDR 40.1 2012 • •Central African Republic 40.0 2010 • •Niger 39.7 2015 • DEritrea 34.1 2010 • •Ethiopia 27.7 2016 • 5Chad 20.2 2015 • •South Sudan 19.4 2010 • •Somalia 9.4 2006 • •Andorra NA NA • •Belgium NA NA • •Greece NA NA • •Israel NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Spain NA NA • •Sweden NA NA • •United Kingdom NA NA • •

Antigua and Barbuda 100.0 2014 • •Brunei Darussalam 100.0 2016 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 100.0 2009 • •Korea, Rep. 100.0 2015 • LLithuania 100.0 2014 • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 100.0 2009 • •Netherlands 100.0 2003 • •Palau 100.0 2016 • LQatar 100.0 2015 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 100.0 2014 • •Switzerland 100.0 2006 • •Trinidad and Tobago 100.0 2015 • LTurkmenistan 100.0 2016 • •Uzbekistan 100.0 2015 • LSri Lanka 100.0 2014 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 99.9 2015 • L

China 99.9 2015 • LCroatia 99.9 2015 • LCuba 99.9 2016 • LEl Salvador 99.9 2016 • LFiji 99.9 2015 • LFinland 99.9 2015 • LGeorgia 99.9 2015 • LItaly 99.9 2014 • •Japan 99.9 2015 • LKuwait 99.9 2015 • LLatvia 99.9 2016 • LLibya 99.9 2013 • •Luxembourg 99.9 2009 • •North Macedonia 99.9 2016 • LUkraine 99.9 2014 • •United Arab Emirates 99.9 2015 • LUruguay 99.9 2014 • •Albania 99.8 2018 • •Armenia 99.8 2016 • LAzerbaijan 99.8 2016 • LBelarus 99.8 2014 • •Bulgaria 99.8 2015 • LCzech Republic 99.8 2013 • •Malta 99.8 2016 • LMauritius 99.8 2016 • LPoland 99.8 2016 • LSlovenia 99.8 2012 • •Australia 99.7 2015 • LBahrain 99.7 2015 • LBotswana 99.7 2015 • LChile 99.7 2015 • LIreland 99.7 2015 • L

Jordan 99.7 2018 • LMoldova 99.7 2014 • •Russian Federation 99.7 2014 • •Argentina 99.6 2015 • LThe Bahamas 99.6 2014 • •Dominican Republic 99.6 2015 • LSingapore 99.6 2016 • LMaldives 99.5 2017 • LEstonia 99.4 2016 • LKazakhstan 99.4 2015 • LMalaysia 99.4 2015 • LGrenada 99.3 2016 • LBrazil 99.2 2015 • LColombia 99.2 2016 • LHungary 99.2 2014 • •Jamaica 99.1 2011 • •Norway 99.1 2016 • LOman 99.1 2014 • •Thailand 99.1 2016 • LUnited States 99.1 2015 • LBarbados 99.0 2015 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 99.0 2014 • •Montenegro 99.0 2013 • •Seychelles 99.0 2012 • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines 99.0 2014 • •Mongolia 98.9 2014 • •Portugal 98.9 2015 • LGermany 98.7 2015 • LSt. Lucia 98.7 2012 • •Slovak Republic 98.5 2014 • •Austria 98.4 2016 • LKyrgyz Republic 98.4 2014 • •Serbia 98.4 2014 • •Kiribati 98.3 2010 • •Lebanon 98.2 2004 • •Saudi Arabia 98.0 2013 • •Canada 97.9 2014 • •Iceland 97.9 2016 • LMexico 97.7 2015 • pCyprus 97.4 2014 • •France 97.4 2016 • LNauru 97.4 2007 • •Turkey 97.4 2014 • •Belize 96.8 2016 • LEcuador 96.7 2016 • LSouth Africa 96.7 2016 • •Algeria 96.6 2013 • •New Zealand 96.3 2015 • 5

The percentage of births attended by personnel trained to give the necessary supervision, care, and advice to women during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period, to conduct deliveries on their own, and to care for newborns.Source: UNICEF (2020) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)






Percentage of surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%)

Comoros 90 2018 • LCyprus 90 2018 • LFrance 90 2018 • LLesotho 90 2018 • LNauru 90 2018 • LPalau 90 2018 • LTrinidad and Tobago 90 2018 • LZambia 90 2018 • LThe Bahamas 89 2018 • pEswatini 89 2018 • 5Honduras 89 2018 • pIndia 89 2018 • LJamaica 89 2018 • pKenya 89 2018 • 5San Marino 89 2018 • LBurkina Faso 88 2018 • 5Burundi 88 2018 • pMexico 88 2018 • LPanama 88 2018 • LParaguay 88 2018 • LSudan 88 2018 • LTuvalu 88 2018 • pZimbabwe 88 2018 • LEstonia 87 2018 • pMalawi 87 2018 • 5Monaco 87 2018 • 5Argentina 86 2018 • pGuatemala 86 2018 • LGuinea-Bissau 86 2018 • DRomania 86 2018 • 5St. Lucia 86 2018 • pUganda 86 2018 • LAustria 85 2018 • pBarbados 85 2018 • pSolomon Islands 85 2018 • LTogo 85 2018 • 5Cambodia 84 2018 • 5Djibouti 84 2018 • LDominica 84 2018 • pGrenada 84 2018 • pKiribati 84 2018 • LLiberia 84 2018 • LPeru 84 2018 • pBolivia 83 2018 • pBrazil 83 2018 • pEcuador 83 2018 • LIraq 83 2018 • LNorth Macedonia 83 2018 • pLebanon 82 2018 • 5

Namibia 82 2018 • pEl Salvador 81 2018 • pMarshall Islands 81 2018 • LSenegal 81 2018 • DTonga 81 2018 • LAlgeria 80 2018 • pCongo, Dem. Rep. 80 2018 • 5Mozambique 80 2018 • 5Sierra Leone 80 2018 • DMauritania 78 2018 • LNiger 77 2018 • pTimor-Leste 77 2018 • LCongo, Rep. 75 2018 • pIndonesia 75 2018 • 5Pakistan 75 2018 • DVanuatu 75 2018 • pVietnam 75 2018 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 73 2018 • 5Benin 71 2018 • DCameroon 71 2018 • pCôte d’Ivoire 71 2018 • LMali 70 2018 • LSouth Africa 70 2018 • p

Bosnia and Herzegovina 68 2018 • p

Lao PDR 68 2018 • pPhilippines 65 2018 • DAfghanistan 64 2018 • 5Haiti 64 2018 • 5Yemen, Rep. 64 2018 • pMadagascar 62 2018 • DEthiopia 61 2018 • pPapua New Guinea 61 2018 • pVenezuela, RB 60 2018 • pGabon 59 2018 • pMontenegro 58 2018 • pNigeria 57 2018 • LAngola 50 2018 • pUkraine 50 2018 • LSouth Sudan 49 2018 • 5

Central African Republic 47 2018 • 5

Syrian Arab Republic 47 2018 • DGuinea 45 2018 • 5Somalia 42 2018 • 5Chad 37 2018 • pSamoa 31 2018 • pEquatorial Guinea 25 2018 • DLiechtenstein NA NA • •

Andorra 99 2018 • LBahrain 99 2018 • LBrunei Darussalam 99 2018 • LChina 99 2018 • LCuba 99 2018 • LHungary 99 2018 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 99 2018 • LKuwait 99 2018 • LLuxembourg 99 2018 • LMaldives 99 2018 • LMongolia 99 2018 • LMorocco 99 2018 • LOman 99 2018 • LPortugal 99 2018 • LSri Lanka 99 2018 • LTurkmenistan 99 2018 • LUnited Arab Emirates 99 2018 • LCabo Verde 98 2018 • LIsrael 98 2018 • LKazakhstan 98 2018 • LKorea, Rep. 98 2018 • LNicaragua 98 2018 • LQatar 98 2018 • LTanzania 98 2018 • LBangladesh 97 2018 • LBelarus 97 2018 • LBhutan 97 2018 • LGreece 97 2018 • LJapan 97 2018 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 97 2018 • LLibya 97 2018 • LMauritius 97 2018 • LRussian Federation 97 2018 • LRwanda 97 2018 • L

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 97 2018 • L

Sweden 97 2018 • LBelgium 96 2018 • LBelize 96 2018 • LCzech Republic 96 2018 • LLatvia 96 2018 • LMalaysia 96 2018 • LMalta 96 2018 • LNorway 96 2018 • LSaudi Arabia 96 2018 • LSeychelles 96 2018 • LSlovak Republic 96 2018 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 96 2018 • LSwitzerland 96 2018 • L

Tajikistan 96 2018 • LThailand 96 2018 • LTunisia 96 2018 • LTurkey 96 2018 • LUzbekistan 96 2018 • LAntigua and Barbuda 95 2018 • LAustralia 95 2018 • LAzerbaijan 95 2018 • LBotswana 95 2018 • LDenmark 95 2018 • LEritrea 95 2018 • LGuyana 95 2018 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 95 2018 • LSingapore 95 2018 • LSuriname 95 2018 • LAlbania 94 2018 • LCosta Rica 94 2018 • LDominican Republic 94 2018 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 94 2018 • LFiji 94 2018 • LKyrgyz Republic 94 2018 • LChile 93 2018 • LCroatia 93 2018 • LGeorgia 93 2018 • LGermany 93 2018 • LItaly 93 2018 • LMoldova 93 2018 • LNetherlands 93 2018 • LPoland 93 2018 • LSlovenia 93 2018 • LSpain 93 2018 • LArmenia 92 2018 • LBulgaria 92 2018 • LColombia 92 2018 • LGhana 92 2018 • LIreland 92 2018 • LJordan 92 2018 • LLithuania 92 2018 • LNew Zealand 92 2018 • LSerbia 92 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 92 2018 • LUnited States 92 2018 • LFinland 91 2018 • LThe Gambia 91 2018 • LIceland 91 2018 • LMyanmar 91 2018 • LNepal 91 2018 • LUruguay 91 2018 • LCanada 90 2018 • L

Estimated national routine immunization coverage of infants, expressed as the percentage of surviving infants children under the age of 12 months who received two WHO-recommended vaccines (3rd dose of DTP and 1st dose of measles). Calculated as the minimum value between the percentage of infants who have received the 3rd dose of DTP and the percentage who have received the 1st dose of measles.Source: WHO and UNICEF (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)






Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best)

Coverage of essential health services (defined as the average coverage of essential services based on tracer interventions that include reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases and service capacity and access, among the general and the most disadvantaged population). The indicator is an index reported on a unitless scale of 0 to 100, which is computed as the geometric mean of 14 tracer indicators of health service coverage.Source: WHO (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Tajikistan 68.0 2017 • LUkraine 68.0 2017 • LBulgaria 66.0 2017 • DGeorgia 66.0 2017 • DSri Lanka 66.0 2017 • LAzerbaijan 65.0 2017 • LHonduras 65.0 2017 • 5Jamaica 65.0 2017 • DSerbia 65.0 2017 • LBelize 64.0 2017 • 5Fiji 64.0 2017 • LLibya 64.0 2017 • 5Eswatini 63.0 2017 • DMauritius 63.0 2017 • DBhutan 62.0 2017 • LMaldives 62.0 2017 • DMongolia 62.0 2017 • DNamibia 62.0 2017 • 5


Botswana 61.0 2017 • 5Iraq 61.0 2017 • DMyanmar 61.0 2017 • LPhilippines 61.0 2017 • LCambodia 60.0 2017 • DSyrian Arab Republic 60.0 2017 • 5Albania 59.0 2017 • 5Samoa 58.0 2017 • DTonga 58.0 2017 • 5Indonesia 57.0 2017 • LRwanda 57.0 2017 • DGuatemala 55.0 2017 • pIndia 55.0 2017 • DKenya 55.0 2017 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 55.0 2017 • 5Zimbabwe 54.0 2017 • DZambia 53.0 2017 • 5Comoros 52.0 2017 • DTimor-Leste 52.0 2017 • DLao PDR 51.0 2017 • DGabon 49.0 2017 • pHaiti 49.0 2017 • DBangladesh 48.0 2017 • DLesotho 48.0 2017 • 5Nepal 48.0 2017 • 5Vanuatu 48.0 2017 • DCôte d’Ivoire 47.0 2017 • DDjibouti 47.0 2017 • DGhana 47.0 2017 • D

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 47.0 2017 • 5Solomon Islands 47.0 2017 • 5Cameroon 46.0 2017 • DMalawi 46.0 2017 • 5Mozambique 46.0 2017 • DEquatorial Guinea 45.0 2017 • DPakistan 45.0 2017 • DSenegal 45.0 2017 • 5Uganda 45.0 2017 • 5The Gambia 44.0 2017 • 5Sudan 44.0 2017 • DTanzania 43.0 2017 • 5Togo 43.0 2017 • DBurundi 42.0 2017 • 5Nigeria 42.0 2017 • 5Yemen, Rep. 42.0 2017 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 41.0 2017 • DKiribati 41.0 2017 • 5Mauritania 41.0 2017 • 5Angola 40.0 2017 • 5Benin 40.0 2017 • 5Burkina Faso 40.0 2017 • 5Guinea-Bissau 40.0 2017 • 5Papua New Guinea 40.0 2017 • 5Congo, Rep. 39.0 2017 • DEthiopia 39.0 2017 • DLiberia 39.0 2017 • 5Sierra Leone 39.0 2017 • DEritrea 38.0 2017 • 5Mali 38.0 2017 • 5Afghanistan 37.0 2017 • 5Guinea 37.0 2017 • 5Niger 37.0 2017 • 5


South Sudan 31.0 2017 • 5Chad 28.0 2017 • 5Madagascar 28.0 2017 • 5Somalia 25.0 2017 • 5Andorra NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Canada 89.0 2017 • LAustralia 87.0 2017 • LNew Zealand 87.0 2017 • LNorway 87.0 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 87.0 2017 • LKorea, Rep. 86.0 2017 • LNetherlands 86.0 2017 • LSingapore 86.0 2017 • LSweden 86.0 2017 • LBelgium 84.0 2017 • LIceland 84.0 2017 • LUnited States 84.0 2017 • LCuba 83.0 2017 • LGermany 83.0 2017 • LJapan 83.0 2017 • LLuxembourg 83.0 2017 • LSpain 83.0 2017 • LSwitzerland 83.0 2017 • LIsrael 82.0 2017 • LItaly 82.0 2017 • LMalta 82.0 2017 • LPortugal 82.0 2017 • LBrunei Darussalam 81.0 2017 • LDenmark 81.0 2017 • LThailand 80.0 2017 • LUruguay 80.0 2017 • LAustria 79.0 2017 • LBrazil 79.0 2017 • LChina 79.0 2017 • LPanama 79.0 2017 • LSlovenia 79.0 2017 • LAlgeria 78.0 2017 • LCyprus 78.0 2017 • LFinland 78.0 2017 • 5France 78.0 2017 • LBahrain 77.0 2017 • LBarbados 77.0 2017 • LCosta Rica 77.0 2017 • LEcuador 77.0 2017 • LPeru 77.0 2017 • LSlovak Republic 77.0 2017 • LArgentina 76.0 2017 • LBelarus 76.0 2017 • LColombia 76.0 2017 • LCzech Republic 76.0 2017 • LEl Salvador 76.0 2017 • LIreland 76.0 2017 • DJordan 76.0 2017 • DKazakhstan 76.0 2017 • L

Kuwait 76.0 2017 • LMexico 76.0 2017 • LUnited Arab Emirates 76.0 2017 • LThe Bahamas 75.0 2017 • LEstonia 75.0 2017 • LGreece 75.0 2017 • LPoland 75.0 2017 • LVietnam 75.0 2017 • LDominican Republic 74.0 2017 • LHungary 74.0 2017 • LRomania 74.0 2017 • LRussian Federation 74.0 2017 • LSaudi Arabia 74.0 2017 • LTrinidad and Tobago 74.0 2017 • LTurkey 74.0 2017 • LVenezuela, RB 74.0 2017 • LAntigua and Barbuda 73.0 2017 • LLebanon 73.0 2017 • LLithuania 73.0 2017 • LMalaysia 73.0 2017 • LNicaragua 73.0 2017 • LUzbekistan 73.0 2017 • LGrenada 72.0 2017 • LGuyana 72.0 2017 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 72.0 2017 • LNorth Macedonia 72.0 2017 • LCroatia 71.0 2017 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 71.0 2017 • LLatvia 71.0 2017 • LSeychelles 71.0 2017 • L


Suriname 71.0 2017 • LChile 70.0 2017 • LKyrgyz Republic 70.0 2017 • LMorocco 70.0 2017 • LTunisia 70.0 2017 • DTurkmenistan 70.0 2017 • LArmenia 69.0 2017 • LCabo Verde 69.0 2017 • LMoldova 69.0 2017 • LOman 69.0 2017 • 5Paraguay 69.0 2017 • DSouth Africa 69.0 2017 • LBolivia 68.0 2017 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 68.0 2017 • DMontenegro 68.0 2017 • DQatar 68.0 2017 • 5St. Lucia 68.0 2017 • L






Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best)

Subjective self-evaluation of life, where respondents are asked to evaluate where they feel they stand on a ladder where 0 represents the worst possible life and 10 the best possible life.Source: Gallup (2020) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available year)

China 5.1 2018 • pLiberia 5.1 2019 • LBangladesh 5.1 2019 • LIraq 5.1 2018 • LBulgaria 5.1 2018 • LBhutan 5.1 2015 • •Venezuela, RB 5.1 2019 • pArmenia 5.1 2018 • LMorocco 5.1 2019 • pAlgeria 5.0 2018 • pNorth Macedonia 5.0 2019 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 5.0 2019 • DGhana 5.0 2018 • LNiger 5.0 2019 • LCambodia 5.0 2019 • LAlbania 5.0 2019 • LMali 5.0 2019 • LBenin 5.0 2019 • LCameroon 4.9 2019 • pMozambique 4.9 2019 • DGabon 4.9 2019 • DGeorgia 4.9 2019 • LSouth Africa 4.9 2018 • pLao PDR 4.9 2018 • •Guinea 4.8 2019 • LBurkina Faso 4.7 2019 • DUkraine 4.7 2019 • LSomalia 4.7 2016 • •Kenya 4.6 2019 • DComoros 4.6 2019 • •Chad 4.5 2018 • 5Jordan 4.5 2019 • pNamibia 4.4 2019 • pSri Lanka 4.4 2018 • pMyanmar 4.4 2019 • 5Eswatini 4.4 2019 • •Djibouti 4.4 2011 • •Madagascar 4.3 2019 • LUganda 4.3 2018 • 5Tunisia 4.3 2019 • pCongo, Dem. Rep. 4.3 2017 • •Togo 4.2 2019 • DMauritania 4.2 2019 • 5Sudan 4.1 2014 • •Ethiopia 4.1 2019 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 4.0 2018 • pMalawi 3.9 2019 • 5India 3.8 2018 • pAngola 3.8 2014 • •

Burundi 3.8 2018 • LTanzania 3.6 2019 • pHaiti 3.6 2018 • 5Lesotho 3.5 2019 • p

Central African Republic 3.5 2017 • •Syrian Arab Republic 3.5 2015 • •Botswana 3.5 2018 • pSierra Leone 3.4 2019 • pZambia 3.3 2019 • pRwanda 3.3 2019 • pYemen, Rep. 3.1 2018 • 5South Sudan 2.8 2017 • •Afghanistan 2.7 2018 • pZimbabwe 2.7 2019 • pAndorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Barbados NA NA • •Brunei Darussalam NA NA • •Cabo Verde NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Eritrea NA NA • •Fiji NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Papua New Guinea NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •São Tomé and Príncipe NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •Vanuatu NA NA • •

Finland 7.8 2019 • LSwitzerland 7.7 2019 • LDenmark 7.7 2019 • LIceland 7.5 2017 • •Norway 7.4 2019 • LNetherlands 7.4 2019 • LLuxembourg 7.4 2019 • LSweden 7.4 2019 • LIreland 7.3 2019 • LAustralia 7.2 2019 • LNew Zealand 7.2 2019 • LAustria 7.2 2019 • LUnited Kingdom 7.2 2019 • LCanada 7.1 2019 • LGermany 7.0 2019 • LCzech Republic 7.0 2018 • LCosta Rica 7.0 2019 • LUnited States 6.9 2019 • LIsrael 6.9 2018 • LOman 6.9 2011 • •Belgium 6.8 2019 • LMalta 6.7 2019 • LUnited Arab Emirates 6.7 2019 • LFrance 6.7 2019 • LSlovenia 6.7 2019 • LSaudi Arabia 6.6 2019 • LMexico 6.6 2018 • LSpain 6.5 2019 • LBrazil 6.5 2019 • LItaly 6.4 2019 • LChile 6.4 2018 • LSingapore 6.4 2019 • LQatar 6.4 2014 • •Uruguay 6.4 2018 • LColombia 6.4 2019 • LLithuania 6.3 2018 • LCyprus 6.3 2018 • LEl Salvador 6.3 2018 • LKazakhstan 6.3 2019 • LSuriname 6.3 2012 • •Philippines 6.3 2019 • LGuatemala 6.3 2019 • LMauritius 6.2 2019 • LSlovak Republic 6.2 2018 • LBahrain 6.2 2017 • •Trinidad and Tobago 6.2 2017 • •Uzbekistan 6.2 2019 • LKuwait 6.2 2018 • LRomania 6.1 2019 • L

Poland 6.1 2018 • LPortugal 6.1 2019 • LArgentina 6.1 2019 • LPanama 6.1 2019 • LEstonia 6.0 2019 • LThailand 6.0 2019 • LHungary 6.0 2019 • LPeru 6.0 2019 • LGuyana 6.0 2007 • •Belize 6.0 2014 • •Serbia 5.9 2018 • LHonduras 5.9 2019 • LBolivia 5.9 2018 • LJapan 5.9 2019 • DKorea, Rep. 5.9 2019 • LLatvia 5.9 2018 • DJamaica 5.9 2017 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.9 2018 • L

Belarus 5.8 2019 • LNicaragua 5.8 2018 • pEcuador 5.8 2019 • pMoldova 5.8 2019 • pKyrgyz Republic 5.7 2019 • LMongolia 5.6 2019 • LParaguay 5.6 2018 • pCroatia 5.5 2018 • LRussian Federation 5.5 2018 • pTajikistan 5.5 2018 • LLibya 5.5 2018 • pSenegal 5.5 2019 • LTurkmenistan 5.5 2019 • pPakistan 5.5 2018 • LVietnam 5.5 2019 • LNepal 5.4 2019 • LDominican Republic 5.4 2018 • LMalaysia 5.4 2019 • pCuba 5.4 2006 • •Greece 5.4 2018 • pCôte d’Ivoire 5.4 2019 • LMontenegro 5.4 2019 • LIndonesia 5.3 2019 • LNigeria 5.3 2018 • LCongo, Rep. 5.2 2019 • LMaldives 5.2 2017 • •Turkey 5.2 2018 • pAzerbaijan 5.2 2019 • 5Lebanon 5.2 2018 • pThe Gambia 5.2 2019 • •







Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years)

(OECD Member States)

Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points)

(OECD Member States)

Gap in percentage of people who perceive their health status as good or very good between the poorest 20% and the richest 20% of the population.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Difference between maximum and minimum regional life expectancy at birth among regions.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)

Ireland 0.1 2016 • •Japan 0.9 2010 • •Finland 1.1 2016 • •Sweden 1.2 2016 • •Denmark 1.3 2016 • •Netherlands 1.3 2016 • •Norway 1.3 2016 • •Austria 1.9 2016 • •Slovak Republic 1.9 2016 • •Switzerland 1.9 2016 • •Chile 2.0 2016 • •Germany 2.2 2016 • •Lithuania 2.3 2015 • •Australia 2.4 2015 • •Greece 2.4 2016 • •Slovenia 2.4 2016 • •Korea, Rep. 2.5 2014 • •Italy 2.6 2016 • •

Israel 2.7 2016 • •Belgium 2.8 2016 • •Poland 2.8 2016 • •Turkey 2.9 2016 • •Hungary 3.0 2016 • •Spain 3.0 2016 • •Czech Republic 3.4 2016 • •Latvia 3.4 2015 • •United Kingdom 3.5 2016 • •Estonia 3.7 2015 • •France 3.7 2016 • •Mexico 3.7 2016 • •New Zealand 4.0 2013 • •Portugal 4.1 2016 • •United States 6.3 2010 • •Canada 11.5 2014 • •Iceland NA NA • •Luxembourg NA NA • •

New Zealand 2.1 2018 • LGreece 6.5 2017 • LItaly 7.6 2017 • LIsrael 8.7 2017 • LAustralia 8.9 2017 • LFrance 9.6 2017 • LLuxembourg 10.6 2017 • LJapan 11.4 2016 • LSpain 12.3 2017 • LTurkey 13.1 2017 • LCanada 13.2 2017 • LKorea, Rep. 14.4 2017 • LIceland 14.5 2016 • LNorway 16.6 2017 • LSlovak Republic 16.9 2017 • LDenmark 17.0 2018 • LChile 19.7 2017 • LSweden 19.9 2017 • L

Ireland 20.0 2017 • LAustria 20.6 2018 • LSwitzerland 21.4 2017 • LHungary 21.6 2018 • pUnited States 21.7 2017 • 5United Kingdom 22.0 2017 • 5Portugal 22.6 2017 • pNetherlands 24.0 2017 • pPoland 24.2 2017 • pSlovenia 25.7 2017 • pFinland 26.3 2018 • pBelgium 27.6 2017 • 5Germany 29.8 2017 • pLithuania 40.0 2017 • pCzech Republic 41.8 2018 • pEstonia 44.7 2017 • pLatvia 45.7 2018 • pMexico NA NA • •







Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over)(OECD Member States)

The percentage of the population aged 15 years and older who are reported to smoke daily.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Mexico 7.6 2017 • LIceland 8.6 2018 • LSweden 10.4 2017 • LUnited States 10.5 2017 • LCanada 12.0 2017 • LNorway 12.0 2018 • LAustralia 12.4 2016 • LNew Zealand 13.1 2018 • LFinland 14.0 2018 • LLuxembourg 14.5 2018 • LNetherlands 16.8 2017 • LPortugal 16.8 2014 • •Denmark 16.9 2017 • LIsrael 16.9 2017 • LIreland 17.0 2018 • LEstonia 17.2 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 17.2 2017 • LKorea, Rep. 17.5 2017 • L

Japan 17.7 2017 • LCzech Republic 18.4 2017 • LGermany 18.8 2017 • LBelgium 18.9 2013 • •Slovenia 18.9 2014 • •Switzerland 19.1 2017 • •Italy 19.9 2017 • 5Lithuania 20.3 2014 • •Spain 22.1 2017 • DFrance 22.4 2014 • •Poland 22.7 2014 • •Slovak Republic 22.9 2014 • •Latvia 24.1 2014 • •Austria 24.3 2014 • •Chile 24.5 2016 • •Hungary 25.8 2014 • •Turkey 26.5 2016 • DGreece 27.3 2014 • •






Net primary enrollment rate (%) The percentage of children of the official school age population who are enrolled in primary education.Source: UNESCO (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Exceptionally for SDG4, regional scores for each indicator were imputed to countries with missing data due to the large bias created by missing data for SDG4 specifically.

Indonesia 93.5 2018 • LCabo Verde 93.4 2018 • 5Lesotho 93.3 2017 • LBrunei Darussalam 93.1 2018 • DGuyana 93.1 2012 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 93.1 2017 • LColombia 92.9 2018 • LCameroon 92.9 2017 • LBolivia 92.9 2018 • LBurundi 92.8 2018 • •Iraq 92.8 2007 • •Dominican Republic 92.7 2018 • LAzerbaijan 92.4 2018 • pTimor-Leste 92.3 2018 • DIndia 92.3 2013 • •Seychelles 92.2 2018 • pLiechtenstein 92.1 2016 • LUkraine 91.7 2014 • •Lao PDR 91.5 2018 • pEcuador 90.9 2018 • 5Togo 90.7 2018 • 5Armenia 90.7 2018 • pBangladesh 90.5 2010 • •Côte d'Ivoire 90.3 2018 • LCambodia 90.3 2018 • pKyrgyz Republic 89.9 2018 • 5Croatia 88.0 2017 • pBhutan 88.0 2018 • pCongo, Rep. 87.9 2012 • •Botswana 87.7 2014 • •Venezuela, RB 87.4 2017 • pParaguay 87.2 2012 • •South Africa 87.0 2017 • LGuatemala 86.9 2018 • 5Kazakhstan 86.9 2019 • 5Bulgaria 86.4 2017 • pMoldova 86.3 2018 • pLebanon * 86.3 2017 • LOman 86.3 2018 • pPanama 86.2 2017 • pGhana 86.2 2019 • pSuriname 86.0 2018 • pTonga 85.9 2015 • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 85.5 2015 • •Ethiopia 84.6 2015 • •Yemen, Rep. 84.2 2016 • pZambia 83.2 2017 • pKuwait 82.6 2018 • pEswatini 82.5 2017 • p

Romania 82.2 2017 • pTanzania 81.3 2018 • pJamaica 81.0 2018 • pEl Salvador 81.0 2018 • pJordan 80.9 2018 • DComoros 80.8 2018 • pHonduras 80.1 2017 • 5Kenya 80.0 2012 • •Vanuatu 79.8 2015 • •Mauritania 79.6 2018 • DBurkina Faso 78.6 2018 • LAngola 78.0 2011 • •Gambia, The 76.8 2018 • LTuvalu 76.2 2016 • pGuinea 76.0 2016 • pSenegal 75.4 2017 • 5Bahamas, The 74.2 2018 • pPapua New Guinea 73.7 2016 • •Chad 73.2 2016 • pMarshall Islands 73.2 2016 • 5Guinea-Bissau 71.3 2010 • •Syrian Arab Republic 68.0 2013 • •Pakistan 67.6 2018 • 5Solomon Islands 67.5 2018 • pDjibouti 66.5 2019 • 5

Central African Republic 66.3 2012 • •Niger 65.1 2017 • DNigeria 64.1 2010 • •Sudan 60.0 2017 • 5Mali 58.9 2018 • pEritrea 51.5 2018 • pLiberia 44.3 2017 • DEquatorial Guinea 43.5 2015 • •South Sudan 35.2 2015 • •Afghanistan NA NA • •Andorra NA NA • •Bosnia and Herzegovina NA NA • •China NA NA • •Congo, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Gabon NA NA • •Haiti NA NA • •Libya NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •New Zealand NA NA • •Poland NA NA • •Somalia NA NA • •Turkmenistan NA NA • •

Australia * 100.0 2017 • LCanada * 100.0 2017 • LIreland * 100.0 2017 • LJapan * 100.0 2017 • LLithuania * 100.0 2017 • LMexico * 100.0 2017 • LUnited States * 100.0 2017 • LSweden * 100.0 2017 • LSwitzerland * 99.9 2017 • LFrance * 99.7 2017 • LNetherlands * 99.7 2017 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 99.7 2017 • LSingapore 99.7 2017 • •Malaysia 99.6 2017 • LMalta 99.5 2017 • LDenmark * 99.4 2017 • LNorway * 99.4 2017 • LUruguay 99.4 2017 • LArgentina 99.2 2017 • LSri Lanka 99.1 2018 • LMorocco 99.1 2018 • LTurkey * 99.0 2017 • LIceland * 99.0 2017 • LBelgium * 98.8 2017 • LGermany * 98.7 2017 • LAustria * 98.6 2017 • LPortugal * 98.6 2017 • LFinland * 98.5 2017 • LUnited Kingdom * 98.4 2017 • LLatvia * 98.4 2017 • LTajikistan 98.3 2017 • LCzech Republic * 98.1 2017 • LSierra Leone 98.1 2016 • LThailand 98.1 2009 • •Vietnam 98.0 2013 • •Slovenia * 98.0 2017 • LMyanmar 97.9 2018 • LTunisia 97.8 2013 • •Cuba 97.7 2018 • LMongolia 97.7 2018 • LMalawi 97.6 2009 • •Algeria 97.6 2018 • LItaly * 97.6 2017 • LCyprus 97.5 2017 • LNamibia 97.5 2018 • LGreece * 97.5 2017 • LChile * 97.4 2017 • LKorea, Rep. * 97.4 2017 • LCosta Rica 97.3 2018 • L

Benin 97.2 2018 • LSpain * 97.2 2017 • LEstonia * 97.1 2017 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 97.0 2018 • LIsrael * 97.0 2017 • pFiji 96.8 2016 • pBahrain 96.7 2018 • LBarbados 96.7 2018 • LMontenegro 96.5 2018 • LGeorgia 96.4 2018 • pLuxembourg * 96.4 2017 • pBrazil 96.3 2017 • LNepal 96.3 2019 • pBelize 95.9 2018 • 5Grenada 95.9 2018 • •Antigua and Barbuda 95.7 2018 • LPeru 95.7 2018 • LMadagascar 95.6 2018 • •Hungary * 95.5 2017 • pUganda 95.5 2013 • •Dominica 95.4 2016 • •Maldives 95.4 2017 • pSt. Lucia 95.4 2018 • LTrinidad and Tobago 95.3 2010 • •Russian Federation 95.1 2017 • LUnited Arab Emirates 95.0 2017 • LBelarus 94.9 2018 • LPalau 94.9 2014 • •Nicaragua 94.9 2010 • •North Macedonia 94.9 2017 • LSlovak Republic * 94.8 2017 • 5Mauritius 94.8 2018 • 5Rwanda 94.8 2018 • •Kiribati 94.7 2017 • pUzbekistan 94.6 2018 • DSerbia 94.6 2018 • pSaudi Arabia 94.5 2018 • pAlbania 94.5 2018 • DSamoa 94.4 2018 • pZimbabwe 94.1 2013 • •Qatar 94.1 2018 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 94.0 2009 • •Mozambique 93.9 2018 • LSan Marino 93.9 2004 • •St. Kitts and Nevis 93.8 2016 • pPhilippines 93.8 2017 • pNauru 93.7 2016 • p







Lower secondary completion rate (%) Lower secondary education completion rate measured as the gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary education (general and pre-vocational). It is calculated as the number of new entrants in the last grade of lower secondary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of lower secondary education.Source: UNESCO (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)


Bhutan 82.5 2018 • LJamaica 82.4 2018 • pMalaysia 81.8 2018 • pUnited Arab Emirates 81.7 2014 • •Trinidad and Tobago 80.9 2010 • •South Africa 80.8 2016 • •Kenya 79.2 2016 • •Guyana 79.1 2010 • •Tonga 78.7 2004 • •Thailand 78.4 2017 • pPhilippines 78.2 2017 • pGhana 78.0 2018 • LEl Salvador 77.8 2017 • pTunisia 77.4 2018 • LPanama 76.8 2017 • •Colombia 75.7 2018 • 5Venezuela, RB 75.2 2017 • pUruguay 74.3 2010 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 73.5 2017 • DParaguay 73.4 2012 • •Nauru 73.3 2012 • •Brazil 71.8 2011 • •Solomon Islands 71.4 2018 • •Zimbabwe 71.1 2013 • •Costa Rica 70.3 2018 • LNamibia 69.8 2017 • •Cabo Verde 68.2 2018 • pEswatini 67.4 2017 • LBelize 67.2 2018 • pLao PDR 67.1 2018 • DNicaragua 66.4 2010 • •Morocco 64.9 2018 • pPapua New Guinea 62.1 2016 • •Myanmar 61.1 2017 • LTuvalu 61.1 2016 • •Gambia, The 59.2 2014 • •Jordan 59.0 2018 • pCambodia 58.4 2018 • LSudan 57.5 2017 • LGuatemala 56.4 2018 • pZambia 54.8 2013 • •Syrian Arab Republic 53.8 2013 • •Vanuatu 53.3 2013 • •Afghanistan 53.2 2017 • LYemen, Rep. 53.1 2016 • •Lebanon 52.4 2017 • pSierra Leone 51.0 2018 • DCongo, Dem. Rep. 50.4 2014 • •Congo, Rep. 50.1 2012 • •

Djibouti 49.9 2019 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 49.4 2018 • LIraq 48.4 2007 • •Comoros 48.3 2014 • •Pakistan 48.2 2018 • 5Togo 47.9 2018 • DBulgaria 47.6 2016 • •Lesotho 47.4 2017 • 5Eritrea 47.2 2017 • pCameroon 47.2 2016 • •Nigeria 47.1 2010 • •Benin 45.8 2016 • •Honduras 45.8 2016 • •Suriname 45.2 2018 • pLiberia 44.2 2017 • DBurkina Faso 43.0 2018 • LMauritania 41.9 2018 • DSenegal 37.4 2017 • pMadagascar 37.0 2018 • pRwanda 36.8 2018 • 5Guinea-Bissau 36.8 2010 • •Guinea 35.4 2014 • •Burundi 32.6 2018 • pMali 29.7 2017 • pTanzania 29.6 2018 • pEthiopia 29.5 2015 • •Uganda 26.4 2017 • pEquatorial Guinea 24.2 2015 • •Mozambique 22.8 2017 • pMalawi 21.6 2013 • •Angola 20.7 2011 • •Niger 19.0 2018 • 5South Sudan 18.0 2011 • •Chad 15.0 2016 • •Central African Republic 9.8 2016 • •Andorra NA NA • •Bosnia and Herzegovina NA NA • •Gabon NA NA • •Haiti NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Libya NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •New Zealand NA NA • •Poland NA NA • •Somalia NA NA • •Turkmenistan NA NA • •

Kazakhstan 113.6 2018 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 111.2 2016 • •Marshall Islands 109.5 2011 • •Palau 108.5 2014 • •Seychelles 108.4 2018 • LMaldives 108.2 2017 • LSaudi Arabia 106.5 2017 • LBrunei Darussalam 105.8 2018 • LSamoa 105.5 2018 • LMongolia 105.2 2018 • •Grenada 104.8 2017 • LSingapore 104.6 2017 • LOman 103.5 2018 • LSan Marino 103.2 2018 • •Fiji 102.6 2016 • •Georgia 101.8 2018 • LBarbados 100.7 2009 • •Malta 100.4 2016 • •Australia * 100.0 2017 • LCanada * 100.0 2017 • LIreland * 100.0 2017 • LJapan * 100.0 2017 • LLithuania * 100.0 2017 • LMexico * 100.0 2017 • LUnited States * 100.0 2017 • LSweden * 100.0 2017 • LSwitzerland * 99.9 2017 • LFrance * 99.7 2017 • LNetherlands * 99.7 2017 • LChina 99.5 2011 • •Denmark * 99.4 2017 • LMontenegro 99.4 2017 • LNorway * 99.4 2017 • LTurkey * 99.0 2017 • LIceland * 99.0 2017 • LBelgium * 98.8 2017 • LGermany * 98.7 2017 • LAntigua and Barbuda 98.6 2018 • LAustria * 98.6 2017 • LPortugal * 98.6 2017 • LFinland * 98.5 2017 • LUnited Kingdom * 98.4 2017 • LLatvia * 98.4 2017 • LCzech Republic * 98.1 2017 • LBotswana 98.0 2014 • •Serbia 98.0 2018 • LPeru 98.0 2018 • LSlovenia * 98.0 2017 • LBelarus 97.8 2018 • L

Ecuador 97.8 2017 • LVietnam 97.7 2018 • LItaly * 97.6 2017 • LCyprus 97.6 2015 • •Greece * 97.5 2017 • LChile * 97.4 2017 • LKorea, Rep. * 97.4 2017 • LSpain * 97.2 2017 • LEstonia * 97.1 2017 • LIsrael * 97.0 2017 • LLuxembourg * 96.4 2017 • LSri Lanka 96.4 2017 • LAlbania 96.3 2018 • LTajikistan 96.2 2017 • LRussian Federation 95.9 2016 • •Uzbekistan 95.9 2018 • LHungary * 95.5 2017 • LKyrgyz Republic 95.1 2018 • LSlovak Republic * 94.8 2017 • LNepal 94.6 2017 • LKiribati 94.6 2016 • •Ukraine 94.4 2014 • •Bahrain 94.3 2018 • LKuwait 94.3 2018 • LArmenia 93.3 2018 • LCroatia 93.1 2016 • •Cuba 93.0 2018 • LBahamas, The 92.2 2010 • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines 92.0 2018 • L

Timor-Leste 90.9 2018 • LDominica 90.7 2015 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 90.2 2017 • LIndonesia 90.0 2017 • pArgentina 89.8 2017 • pRomania 89.0 2016 • •Qatar 88.4 2018 • 5North Macedonia 88.1 2015 • •Bangladesh 88.0 2018 • LMauritius 86.8 2018 • LSt. Lucia 86.2 2018 • pLiechtenstein 86.0 2016 • •Dominican Republic 85.4 2017 • LMoldova 85.1 2018 • DIndia 85.0 2017 • 5Azerbaijan 84.7 2018 • pAlgeria 84.6 2018 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 84.6 2018 • LBolivia 82.5 2017 • p

L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing






Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24)

The percentage of youth, aged 15 to 24, who can both read and write a short simple statement on everyday life with understanding.Source: UNESCO (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)


Guatemala 94.4 2014 • •Iraq 93.5 2017 • •Bangladesh 93.3 2018 • •Eritrea 93.3 2018 • •Bhutan 93.1 2017 • •Ghana 92.5 2018 • •Lao PDR 92.5 2015 • •Syrian Arab Republic 92.5 2004 • •Nepal 92.4 2018 • •Cambodia 92.2 2015 • •Zambia 92.1 2018 • •India 91.7 2018 • •Nicaragua 91.6 2015 • •Zimbabwe 90.4 2014 • •Gabon 89.8 2018 • •Uganda 89.4 2018 • •Burundi 88.2 2017 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 88.2 2017 • •Kenya 87.8 2018 • •Lesotho 86.6 2014 • •Rwanda 86.5 2018 • •Tanzania 85.8 2015 • •Cameroon 85.1 2018 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 85.0 2016 • •Myanmar 84.8 2016 • •Togo 84.3 2015 • •Timor-Leste 83.5 2018 • •Haiti 83.0 2016 • •Congo, Rep. 82.1 2018 • •Madagascar 81.2 2018 • •Comoros 78.3 2018 • •Angola 77.4 2014 • •Yemen, Rep. 77.0 2004 • •Nigeria 75.0 2018 • •Pakistan 74.5 2017 • •Sudan 73.0 2018 • •Malawi 72.9 2015 • •Ethiopia 72.8 2017 • •Mozambique 70.9 2017 • •Senegal 69.5 2017 • •Papua New Guinea 67.9 2010 • •Gambia, The 67.2 2015 • •Sierra Leone 66.6 2018 • •Afghanistan 65.4 2018 • •Mauritania 63.9 2017 • •Benin 60.9 2018 • •Guinea-Bissau 60.4 2014 • •Côte d'Ivoire 58.4 2018 • •Burkina Faso 58.3 2018 • •

Liberia 55.4 2017 • •Mali 50.1 2018 • •South Sudan 47.9 2018 • •Guinea 46.3 2014 • •Niger 39.8 2012 • •Central African Republic 38.3 2018 • •Chad 30.8 2016 • •Andorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •Australia NA NA • •Austria NA NA • •Bahamas, The NA NA • •Belgium NA NA • •Belize NA NA • •Canada NA NA • •Czech Republic NA NA • •Denmark NA NA • •Djibouti NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Finland NA NA • •France NA NA • •Germany NA NA • •Iceland NA NA • •Ireland NA NA • •Israel NA NA • •Japan NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Korea, Rep. NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Luxembourg NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Netherlands NA NA • •New Zealand NA NA • •Norway NA NA • •Slovak Republic NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •Somalia NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Sweden NA NA • •Switzerland NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •United Kingdom NA NA • •United States NA NA • •

Korea, Dem. Rep. 100.0 2008 • •San Marino 100.0 2018 • •Uzbekistan 100.0 2018 • •Ukraine 100.0 2012 • •Estonia 99.9 2011 • •Azerbaijan 99.9 2017 • •Italy 99.9 2018 • •Singapore 99.9 2018 • •Barbados 99.9 2014 • •Tajikistan 99.9 2014 • •Kazakhstan 99.9 2018 • •Cuba 99.9 2012 • •Lithuania 99.9 2011 • •Belarus 99.9 2018 • •Armenia 99.8 2017 • •Cyprus 99.8 2011 • •Latvia 99.8 2018 • •Moldova 99.8 2014 • •Slovenia 99.8 2014 • •Turkmenistan 99.8 2014 • •Poland 99.8 2008 • •China 99.8 2018 • •Lebanon 99.8 2018 • •Turkey 99.8 2017 • •Kyrgyz Republic 99.8 2018 • •Fiji 99.7 2017 • •Croatia 99.7 2011 • •Serbia 99.7 2016 • •Spain 99.7 2018 • •Brunei Darussalam 99.7 2018 • •Indonesia 99.7 2018 • •Russian Federation 99.7 2018 • •Bahrain 99.7 2018 • •Portugal 99.7 2018 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 99.7 2013 • •Georgia 99.6 2017 • •Libya 99.6 2004 • •Trinidad and Tobago 99.6 2010 • •Argentina 99.5 2018 • •Tonga 99.4 2018 • •Costa Rica 99.4 2018 • •United Arab Emirates 99.4 2015 • •Romania 99.4 2018 • •Bolivia 99.4 2015 • •Jordan 99.3 2018 • •Albania 99.3 2018 • •Mexico 99.3 2018 • •Saudi Arabia 99.3 2017 • •

Malta 99.3 2018 • •Ecuador 99.3 2017 • •Brazil 99.2 2018 • •Grenada 99.2 2014 • •Greece 99.2 2018 • •Samoa 99.1 2018 • •Montenegro 99.1 2018 • •Panama 99.1 2018 • •Philippines 99.1 2015 • •Kuwait 99.1 2018 • •Seychelles 99.1 2018 • •Mauritius 99.0 2018 • •Peru 99.0 2018 • •Chile 99.0 2017 • •Uruguay 98.9 2018 • •Colombia 98.9 2018 • •Dominican Republic 98.8 2016 • •Hungary 98.8 2014 • •Sri Lanka 98.8 2018 • •Venezuela, RB 98.8 2016 • •Maldives 98.8 2016 • •Palau 98.7 2015 • •Suriname 98.6 2018 • •Mongolia 98.6 2018 • •Oman 98.6 2018 • •North Macedonia 98.6 2014 • •Marshall Islands 98.5 2011 • •Vietnam 98.4 2018 • •Paraguay 98.3 2018 • •Thailand 98.1 2018 • •Cabo Verde 98.1 2015 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 98.1 2016 • •El Salvador 98.0 2018 • •Equatorial Guinea 98.0 2010 • •Bulgaria 97.9 2011 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 97.8 2018 • •Morocco 97.7 2018 • •Botswana 97.5 2013 • •Algeria 97.4 2018 • •Malaysia 96.9 2018 • •Guyana 96.7 2014 • •Honduras 96.5 2018 • •Jamaica 96.3 2014 • •Vanuatu 96.3 2018 • •Tunisia 96.2 2014 • •Eswatini 95.5 2018 • •South Africa 95.3 2017 • •Namibia 95.2 2018 • •Qatar 94.6 2017 • •








Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6)(OECD Member States)

Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34)(OECD Member States)

The percentage of the population, aged 25 to 34, who have completed tertiary education.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Participation rate in organized learning one year before the official primary entry age.Source: UNESCO (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Austria 100.0 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 99.9 2017 • LIreland 99.9 2017 • LSweden 99.9 2017 • LLithuania 99.9 2017 • LFrance 99.8 2017 • LNetherlands 99.7 2017 • LSwitzerland 99.4 2017 • LPortugal 99.3 2017 • LPoland 99.1 2017 • LFinland 99.1 2017 • LIsrael 99.1 2017 • LMexico 99.0 2017 • LGermany 98.8 2017 • LBelgium 98.4 2017 • LLuxembourg 98.2 2017 • LLatvia 98.1 2017 • LNorway 96.2 2017 • L

Korea, Rep. 95.9 2017 • LIceland 94.2 2017 • LSlovenia 94.1 2017 • LItaly 93.9 2017 • LDenmark 93.7 2017 • LChile 93.6 2017 • LSpain 93.2 2017 • LEstonia 93.2 2017 • LGreece 92.7 2017 • LCanada * 92.5 2016 • •New Zealand 91.8 2016 • LUnited States * 91.2 2016 • •Japan * 91.0 2016 • •Czech Republic 89.4 2017 • pHungary 87.1 2017 • pAustralia 86.4 2017 • LSlovak Republic 82.3 2017 • pTurkey 67.6 2017 • p

Korea, Rep. 69.6 2018 • LCanada 61.8 2018 • LJapan 60.7 2018 • LIreland 56.2 2018 • LLithuania 55.6 2018 • LLuxembourg 54.8 2018 • LAustralia 51.4 2018 • LSwitzerland 51.2 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 50.8 2018 • LUnited States 49.4 2018 • LNorway 48.2 2018 • LIsrael 48.0 2017 • LNetherlands 47.6 2018 • LSweden 47.5 2018 • LBelgium 47.4 2018 • LIceland 47.0 2018 • LFrance 46.9 2018 • LNew Zealand 45.8 2018 • L

Denmark 44.8 2018 • LSpain 44.3 2018 • LEstonia 43.6 2018 • LPoland 43.5 2018 • LGreece 42.8 2018 • LLatvia 41.6 2018 • LFinland 41.3 2018 • LSlovenia 40.7 2018 • LAustria 40.5 2018 • LSlovak Republic 37.2 2018 • LPortugal 35.1 2018 • LChile 33.7 2017 • LCzech Republic 33.3 2018 • LTurkey 33.3 2018 • LGermany 32.3 2018 • LHungary 30.6 2018 • pItaly 27.7 2018 • DMexico 23.4 2018 • D







Percentage of variation in science performance explained by students’ socio-economic status.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) (OECD Member States)

PISA score (worst 0–600 best)(OECD Member States)

National scores in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), an internationally standardized assessment that is administered to 15-year-olds in schools. It assesses how far students near the end of compulsory education have acquired some of the knowledge and skills that are essential for full participation in society. Country PISA scores for reading, mathematics, and science were averaged to obtain an overall PISA score.

Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Estonia 525.3 2018 • LJapan 520.0 2018 • LKorea, Rep. 519.7 2018 • LCanada 516.7 2018 • LFinland 516.3 2018 • LPoland 513.0 2018 • LIreland 504.7 2018 • LSlovenia 503.7 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 503.7 2018 • LNew Zealand 502.7 2018 • LNetherlands 502.3 2018 • LSweden 502.3 2018 • LDenmark 501.0 2018 • LGermany 500.3 2018 • LBelgium 500.0 2018 • LAustralia 499.0 2018 • LSwitzerland 498.0 2018 • LNorway 496.7 2018 • L

Czech Republic 495.3 2018 • LUnited States 495.0 2018 • LFrance 493.7 2018 • LPortugal 492.0 2018 • pAustria 491.0 2018 • pLatvia 487.3 2018 • DSpain 486.7 2018 • pIceland 481.3 2018 • 5Lithuania 479.7 2018 • LHungary 479.3 2018 • LItaly 477.0 2018 • pLuxembourg 476.7 2018 • pSlovak Republic 469.3 2018 • LIsrael 465.0 2018 • pTurkey 462.7 2018 • LGreece 453.3 2018 • pChile 437.7 2018 • pMexico 416.0 2018 • 5

Canada 6.4 2018 • LEstonia 7.2 2018 • LJapan 7.7 2018 • LKorea, Rep. 8.0 2018 • LLatvia 8.4 2018 • LItaly 8.5 2018 • LNorway 8.9 2018 • LIceland 8.9 2018 • LSpain 10.0 2018 • LAustralia 10.0 2018 • LFinland 10.5 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 10.7 2018 • pGreece 10.9 2018 • LTurkey 11.0 2018 • pIreland 11.1 2018 • LDenmark 11.6 2018 • pMexico 12.1 2018 • pUnited States 12.3 2018 • p

Lithuania 12.5 2018 • pPoland 12.6 2018 • LSweden 12.7 2018 • pNetherlands 12.9 2018 • pSlovenia 13.0 2018 • DIsrael 13.6 2018 • pNew Zealand 13.9 2018 • pChile 14.1 2018 • LAustria 14.8 2018 • DPortugal 15.9 2018 • pSwitzerland 16.3 2018 • pCzech Republic 16.9 2018 • LSlovak Republic 18.5 2018 • pGermany 18.6 2018 • pBelgium 20.0 2018 • pFrance 20.1 2018 • 5Luxembourg 20.9 2018 • pHungary 21.2 2018 • 5







Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds)(OECD Member States)

Resilient students in science (% of 15-year-olds)(OECD Member States)

Percentage of students with a performance in science below level 2 (less than 409.54 score points).Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Percentage of students who are in the bottom quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) in the country/economy of assessment and are in the top quarter of science performers among all countries/economies, after accounting for socio-economic status.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Estonia 8.8 2018 • LJapan 10.8 2018 • LFinland 12.9 2018 • LCanada 13.4 2018 • LPoland 13.8 2018 • LKorea, Rep. 14.2 2018 • LSlovenia 14.6 2018 • LIreland 17.0 2018 • pUnited Kingdom 17.4 2018 • 5New Zealand 18.0 2018 • pLatvia 18.5 2018 • pUnited States 18.6 2018 • LDenmark 18.7 2018 • pCzech Republic 18.8 2018 • LAustralia 18.9 2018 • pSweden 19.0 2018 • LPortugal 19.6 2018 • pGermany 19.6 2018 • p

Belgium 20.0 2018 • pNetherlands 20.0 2018 • pSwitzerland 20.2 2018 • pFrance 20.5 2018 • LNorway 20.8 2018 • pSpain 21.3 2018 • pAustria 21.9 2018 • pLithuania 22.2 2018 • LHungary 24.1 2018 • DIceland 25.0 2018 • 5Turkey 25.2 2018 • LItaly 25.9 2018 • pLuxembourg 26.8 2018 • pSlovak Republic 29.3 2018 • 5Greece 31.7 2018 • 5Israel 33.1 2018 • pChile 35.3 2018 • pMexico 46.8 2018 • 5

Estonia 54.0 2018 • LJapan 50.2 2018 • LTurkey 48.2 2018 • LKorea, Rep. 45.0 2018 • LFinland 41.5 2018 • LPortugal 41.1 2018 • LCanada 40.7 2018 • LPoland 39.3 2018 • LUnited States 38.6 2018 • LNew Zealand 38.4 2018 • LSlovenia 37.7 2018 • LGermany 37.5 2018 • LSpain 37.3 2018 • pUnited Kingdom 37.0 2018 • LAustralia 35.3 2018 • LNetherlands 34.9 2018 • LIreland 34.0 2018 • LLatvia 33.0 2018 • p

Switzerland 31.2 2018 • LBelgium 30.7 2018 • LCzech Republic 30.5 2018 • LSweden 30.4 2018 • LFrance 28.9 2018 • LAustria 28.3 2018 • LItaly 27.4 2018 • 5Lithuania 26.4 2018 • LNorway 25.7 2018 • pDenmark 24.8 2018 • pLuxembourg 24.5 2018 • LHungary 22.7 2018 • DChile 22.1 2018 • LMexico 21.6 2018 • LGreece 19.5 2018 • 5Slovak Republic 19.3 2018 • 5Iceland 18.6 2018 • 5Israel 16.0 2018 • 5






Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49 who are married or in unions)

The percentage of women of reproductive age, either married or in a union, whose demand for family planning has been met using modern methods of contraception.Source: UNDESA (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Rwanda 62.9 2015 • LZambia 62.4 2014 • LEthiopia 62.3 2018 • 5Greece * 62.0 2017 • DBahrain * 61.6 2017 • 5Croatia * 61.5 2017 • DUnited Arab Emirates* 60.9 2017 • 5Madagascar 60.5 2017 • DMoldova 60.4 2012 • DJapan * 60.1 2017 • pTurkey 59.7 2013 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 58.2 2011 • 5Jordan 56.7 2018 • 5Cambodia 56.5 2014 • DBurkina Faso 56.4 2018 • DNepal 56.0 2017 • 5Guinea-Bissau 55.7 2014 • 5Mozambique 55.5 2015 • DIraq 54.6 2018 • DMalaysia * 54.5 2017 • DTanzania 54.0 2016 • DUganda 53.5 2018 • LSyrian Arab Republic 53.3 2009 • 5Georgia 52.8 2010 • 5Philippines 52.5 2017 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 52.2 2014 • DGuyana 51.5 2014 • DSenegal 50.9 2017 • DVanuatu 50.7 2013 • 5Bolivia 50.3 2016 • DPakistan 48.5 2018 • DSomalia * 48.3 2017 • DTonga 47.9 2012 • 5Cameroon 47.0 2014 • DRomania 46.5 2004 • LGhana 46.2 2017 • DNiger 45.5 2018 • DDjibouti * 44.9 2017 • DTajikistan 44.8 2017 • 5Sierra Leone 44.7 2017 • 5Gabon 44.0 2012 • 5Congo, Rep. 43.2 2015 • DHaiti 43.1 2017 • 5Montenegro 42.8 2013 • 5Nigeria 42.8 2018 • 5Maldives 42.5 2009 • DNauru 42.5 2007 • •Afghanistan 42.2 2016 • DSaudi Arabia * 41.5 2017 • 5

Liberia 41.4 2013 • LTuvalu 41.0 2007 • •Mauritius 40.8 2014 • DPapua New Guinea 40.6 2007 • 5Oman 39.6 2014 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 39.4 2018 • 5Samoa 39.4 2014 • 5Serbia 38.7 2014 • DBurundi 38.0 2017 • 5Solomon Islands 38.0 2015 • 5Yemen, Rep. 37.7 2013 • DTimor-Leste 37.4 2016 • 5Togo 37.4 2014 • 5Armenia 36.9 2016 • 5Kiribati 35.8 2009 • 5Mali 35.0 2015 • 5Mauritania 30.4 2015 • 5Sudan 30.1 2014 • 5Angola 29.8 2016 • 5Comoros 28.8 2012 • 5


The Gambia 26.7 2013 • 5Benin 25.9 2018 • 5Libya 24.0 2014 • DNorth Macedonia 22.3 2011 • 5

Bosnia and Herzegovina 21.9 2012 • 5

Azerbaijan 21.5 2006 • 5Guinea 21.5 2016 • 5Eritrea 21.0 2010 • 5Equatorial Guinea 20.7 2011 • 5Chad 20.2 2015 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 18.9 2014 • 5South Sudan 5.6 2010 • 5Albania 4.9 2018 • DAndorra NA NA • •Brunei Darussalam NA NA • •Cyprus NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Iceland NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Luxembourg NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •

China 96.6 2001 • LFrance 95.5 2005 • LUnited Kingdom * 93.0 2017 • LNicaragua 92.6 2012 • LBelgium * 89.9 2017 • LFinland * 89.9 2017 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 89.8 2014 • LUruguay * 89.5 2017 • LThailand 89.2 2016 • LCosta Rica 89.1 2011 • LBrazil 89.0 2007 • LCuba 88.8 2014 • LCanada * 87.8 2017 • LColombia 86.6 2016 • LSwitzerland * 86.4 2017 • LChile * 86.3 2017 • LNetherlands * 86.3 2017 • LCzech Republic 85.7 2008 • LZimbabwe 84.8 2015 • LNew Zealand * 84.7 2017 • LBhutan 84.6 2010 • LSpain * 84.5 2017 • LNorway * 84.3 2017 • LDenmark * 83.7 2017 • LAustria * 83.6 2017 • LUzbekistan * 83.5 2017 • LKorea, Rep. * 83.4 2017 • LAustralia * 83.1 2017 • LGermany * 83.0 2017 • LEswatini 82.9 2014 • LThe Bahamas * 82.8 2017 • LDominican Republic 81.7 2014 • LArgentina * 81.4 2017 • LVenezuela, RB * 81.4 2017 • L

St. Vincent and the Grenadines * 81.0 2017 • L

Marshall Islands 80.5 2007 • •Namibia 80.4 2013 • LIreland * 80.2 2017 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 80.0 2014 • LEl Salvador 80.0 2014 • LSweden * 80.0 2017 • LMexico 79.8 2015 • LGrenada * 79.7 2017 • LAntigua and Barbuda* 79.4 2017 • LEcuador 79.4 2012 • LKazakhstan 79.4 2018 • DJamaica 79.2 2009 • LPortugal * 79.1 2017 • L

Lesotho 78.9 2014 • LParaguay 78.9 2016 • LSlovenia * 78.6 2017 • LEstonia * 78.4 2017 • LBotswana * 78.2 2017 • LLatvia * 77.9 2017 • LSouth Africa 77.9 2016 • 5Indonesia 77.6 2017 • pAlgeria 77.2 2013 • LUnited States 77.2 2015 • LSingapore * 76.9 2017 • DHonduras 76.0 2012 • LKenya 76.0 2017 • LHungary * 75.6 2017 • LTurkmenistan 75.6 2016 • DSlovak Republic * 75.1 2017 • LMyanmar 74.9 2016 • LMalta * 74.8 2017 • LSri Lanka 74.3 2016 • DBelarus 74.2 2012 • LMalawi 73.9 2016 • LPanama 73.3 2013 • DCabo Verde 73.2 2005 • LSuriname 73.2 2010 • DTunisia 73.2 2012 • LBangladesh 72.6 2014 • DLithuania * 72.6 2017 • DRussian Federation 72.4 2011 • LSt. Lucia 72.4 2012 • DLao PDR 71.6 2017 • DIsrael * 71.1 2017 • 5Barbados 70.0 2012 • DVietnam 69.6 2014 • LQatar 68.9 2012 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 68.6 2011 • LMorocco 68.6 2018 • LItaly * 68.2 2017 • DPoland * 68.2 2017 • DUkraine 68.0 2012 • DIndia 67.2 2016 • DPeru 66.6 2017 • LKyrgyz Republic 66.2 2014 • 5Guatemala 66.1 2015 • DBelize 65.9 2016 • 5Fiji * 65.8 2017 • 5Mongolia 65.2 2013 • DKuwait * 64.6 2017 • 5Lebanon * 63.8 2017 • 5Bulgaria * 63.4 2017 • D






Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%)

The mean years of education received by women aged 25 and older divided by the mean years of education received by men aged 25 and older.Source: UNESCO (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Algeria 92.8 2018 • LSingapore 92.5 2018 • LCabo Verde 92.3 2018 • 5Serbia 92.2 2018 • 5Croatia 90.8 2018 • 5Sri Lanka 90.5 2018 • 5Indonesia 90.5 2018 • DEl Salvador 90.4 2018 • 5China 90.4 2018 • DNorth Macedonia 90.2 2018 • 5Tajikistan 90.2 2018 • 5Peru 89.7 2018 • DZambia 89.3 2018 • LKorea, Rep. 89.1 2018 • 5Saudi Arabia 89.1 2018 • 5Montenegro 88.4 2018 • pEswatini 87.5 2018 • pTanzania 87.5 2018 • DLao PDR 85.7 2018 • LBolivia 84.7 2018 • pZimbabwe 84.4 2018 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 83.8 2018 • DKenya 83.3 2018 • DSyrian Arab Republic 82.1 2018 • 5Turkey 82.1 2018 • 5Gabon 81.5 2018 • 5Congo, Rep. 81.3 2018 • pGhana 81.0 2018 • LTunisia 81.0 2018 • 5Malawi 80.4 2018 • DRwanda 79.6 2018 • DSão Tomé and Príncipe 79.2 2018 • p


Bangladesh 77.9 2018 • pSudan 76.2 2018 • DSouth Sudan 75.5 2018 • 5Burundi 75.0 2018 • DPapua New Guinea 72.2 2018 • 5Cambodia 71.9 2018 • 5Morocco 71.9 2018 • LThe Gambia 69.8 2018 • LIraq 69.8 2018 • 5Nigeria 69.7 2018 • 5Benin 68.2 2018 • 5Timor-Leste 67.9 2018 • 5Mauritania 67.3 2018 • DComoros 66.1 2018 • 5Nepal 65.6 2018 • L

Haiti 65.2 2018 • DCôte d’Ivoire 65.1 2018 • 5Uganda 64.9 2018 • pSierra Leone 63.6 2018 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 63.1 2018 • DAngola 62.5 2018 • pCameroon 61.5 2018 • pLiberia 59.3 2018 • DPakistan 58.5 2018 • 5India 57.3 2018 • pMali 56.7 2018 • 5Mozambique 54.3 2018 • 5Equatorial Guinea 54.2 2018 • p


Niger 51.9 2018 • pBhutan 50.0 2018 • pTogo 50.0 2018 • pBurkina Faso 47.6 2018 • pYemen, Rep. 43.2 2018 • 5Ethiopia 41.0 2018 • pSenegal 40.9 2018 • pGuinea 38.5 2018 • 5Chad 36.1 2018 • 5Afghanistan 31.7 2018 • 5Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •Djibouti NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Eritrea NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •Somalia NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Turkmenistan NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •Vanuatu NA NA • •

Lesotho 127.3 2018 • LUnited Arab Emirates 122.4 2018 • LQatar 119.4 2018 • LKuwait 115.9 2018 • LOman 112.8 2018 • LGuyana 111.3 2018 • LLibya 111.1 2018 • LNamibia 110.6 2018 • LMadagascar 110.3 2018 • LNicaragua 109.2 2018 • LDominican Republic 109.2 2018 • LSt. Lucia 107.3 2018 • LUruguay 107.1 2018 • LVenezuela, RB 107.0 2018 • LBrazil 106.6 2018 • LEstonia 106.3 2018 • LMongolia 106.1 2018 • LBarbados 105.8 2018 • LJamaica 105.3 2018 • LPanama 105.1 2018 • LLatvia 104.8 2018 • LPhilippines 104.3 2018 • LColombia 103.7 2018 • LCosta Rica 103.5 2018 • LIreland 103.3 2018 • LJapan 103.2 2018 • LCanada 103.1 2018 • LFiji 102.8 2018 • LThe Bahamas 102.6 2018 • LFinland 102.4 2018 • LDenmark 102.4 2018 • LBelize 102.1 2018 • LMyanmar 102.0 2018 • LArgentina 101.9 2018 • LKyrgyz Republic 101.9 2018 • LTrinidad and Tobago 101.8 2018 • LKazakhstan 101.7 2018 • LSweden 101.6 2018 • LParaguay 101.2 2018 • LTonga 100.9 2018 • LMoldova 100.9 2018 • LCuba 100.9 2018 • LBulgaria 100.8 2018 • LNorway 100.8 2018 • LAustralia 100.8 2018 • LUnited States 100.7 2018 • LArmenia 100.0 2018 • LBrunei Darussalam 100.0 2018 • LGeorgia 100.0 2018 • L

Honduras 100.0 2018 • LIsrael 100.0 2018 • LLithuania 100.0 2018 • LPoland 100.0 2018 • LPortugal 100.0 2018 • LUkraine 100.0 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 99.2 2018 • LSlovenia 99.2 2018 • LAndorra 99.0 2018 • LGuatemala 98.5 2018 • LNew Zealand 98.4 2018 • LSlovak Republic 98.4 2018 • LBelarus 98.4 2018 • LCyprus 98.4 2018 • LRussian Federation 98.3 2018 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 98.0 2018 • LBahrain 97.9 2018 • pMauritius 97.9 2018 • LSuriname 97.8 2018 • DEcuador 97.8 2018 • LBelgium 97.5 2018 • LMarshall Islands 97.3 2018 • LChile 97.2 2018 • 5Maldives 97.1 2018 • LMalaysia 97.1 2018 • LAlbania 97.1 2018 • LSpain 97.0 2018 • 5Iceland 96.9 2018 • 5Botswana 96.8 2018 • 5Hungary 96.7 2018 • LFrance 96.6 2018 • LCzech Republic 96.2 2018 • pUzbekistan 95.8 2018 • 5Lebanon 95.5 2018 • 5Mexico 95.5 2018 • 5Greece 95.4 2018 • LJordan 95.3 2018 • LItaly 95.2 2018 • pSouth Africa 95.2 2018 • 5Netherlands 95.2 2018 • LMalta 94.8 2018 • 5Austria 94.6 2018 • 5Azerbaijan 94.4 2018 • 5Germany 93.8 2018 • 5Romania 93.8 2018 • DThailand 93.8 2018 • 5Luxembourg 93.7 2018 • 5Switzerland 93.4 2018 • 5Vietnam 92.9 2018 • p






Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%)

Modeled estimate of the proportion of the female population aged 15 years and older that is economically active, divided by the same proportion for men.Source: ILO (2020) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available year)

Hungary 74.5 2019 • LNiger 74.4 2019 • LUkraine 74.2 2019 • LComoros 74.1 2019 • LGeorgia 73.5 2019 • LCôte d’Ivoire 73.4 2019 • LJapan 73.0 2019 • LAlbania 72.7 2019 • L


Brazil 72.6 2019 • LGabon 72.5 2019 • LKorea, Rep. 71.9 2019 • LColombia 71.5 2019 • LBolivia 71.3 2019 • LArmenia 71.0 2019 • LTrinidad and Tobago 70.9 2019 • LRomania 70.8 2019 • LEcuador 69.3 2019 • LChile 68.9 2019 • LItaly 68.7 2019 • LUzbekistan 68.4 2019 • 5Paraguay 68.1 2019 • DTurkmenistan 67.4 2019 • 5Kuwait 67.2 2019 • 5Argentina 67.2 2019 • LMalaysia 65.9 2019 • DBelize 65.8 2019 • DDominican Republic 65.7 2019 • LMalta 65.5 2019 • LPanama 65.3 2019 • DIndonesia 63.9 2019 • LNorth Macedonia 63.4 2019 • pKyrgyz Republic 63.0 2019 • pEswatini 62.9 2019 • 5Mauritius 62.9 2019 • 5Venezuela, RB 62.1 2019 • pPhilippines 62.0 2019 • pMyanmar 61.7 2019 • pCosta Rica 61.6 2019 • pSuriname 61.5 2019 • pSamoa 61.3 2019 • 5Tonga 61.0 2019 • 5Nicaragua 60.9 2019 • D


Qatar 60.7 2019 • pSenegal 60.3 2019 • 5Afghanistan 59.5 2019 • D

Cuba 59.3 2019 • pEl Salvador 58.6 2019 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 56.8 2019 • 5Honduras 56.6 2019 • 5Guyana 56.2 2019 • 5Mexico 55.7 2019 • 5United Arab Emirates 54.7 2019 • DMaldives 51.1 2019 • pBahrain 51.0 2019 • 5Fiji 50.4 2019 • pSri Lanka 48.4 2019 • 5Guatemala 48.3 2019 • 5Timor-Leste 47.4 2019 • pMauritania 46.3 2019 • 5Tajikistan 46.2 2019 • pTurkey 46.2 2019 • 5Bangladesh 44.5 2019 • DSudan 34.8 2019 • 5Oman 34.6 2019 • 5Tunisia 34.3 2019 • pLebanon 33.2 2019 • 5Libya 32.6 2019 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 31.3 2019 • 5Morocco 30.4 2019 • pIndia 29.8 2019 • 5Pakistan 29.6 2019 • 5Saudi Arabia 29.5 2019 • 5Somalia 25.8 2019 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 23.3 2019 • 5Algeria 22.2 2019 • pJordan 22.2 2019 • 5Iraq 17.1 2019 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 16.8 2019 • pYemen, Rep. 8.2 2019 • pAndorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Burundi 103.6 2019 • LRwanda 100.8 2019 • LSierra Leone 98.7 2019 • LGuinea 98.5 2019 • LMozambique 97.2 2019 • LNepal 96.9 2019 • LSouth Sudan 96.8 2019 • LLao PDR 96.3 2019 • LPapua New Guinea 96.3 2019 • LTogo 95.6 2019 • LLiberia 95.2 2019 • LBenin 94.6 2019 • LAngola 94.2 2019 • LMadagascar 93.7 2019 • LCongo, Rep. 93.5 2019 • LKenya 92.0 2019 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 91.4 2019 • LTanzania 90.9 2019 • LAzerbaijan 90.7 2019 • LSweden 90.5 2019 • LNorway 90.5 2019 • LUganda 89.7 2019 • LCabo Verde 89.5 2019 • LIceland 89.5 2019 • LBarbados 89.0 2019 • LGhana 88.9 2019 • LZambia 88.8 2019 • LMalawi 88.6 2019 • LFinland 88.5 2019 • LZimbabwe 88.4 2019 • LVietnam 88.1 2019 • LDenmark 88.1 2019 • LCameroon 87.4 2019 • LCanada 87.4 2019 • LHaiti 87.1 2019 • LEthiopia 86.0 2019 • LIsrael 85.8 2019 • LNamibia 85.7 2019 • LCambodia 85.6 2019 • LLuxembourg 85.5 2019 • LCyprus 85.5 2019 • LGuinea-Bissau 85.5 2019 • LNew Zealand 85.4 2019 • LSlovenia 85.3 2019 • LEritrea 85.2 2019 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 85.1 2019 • LNigeria 84.8 2019 • LSwitzerland 84.8 2019 • LAustralia 84.7 2019 • L

Moldova 84.6 2019 • LLithuania 84.6 2019 • LNetherlands 84.4 2019 • LUnited Kingdom 84.4 2019 • LBotswana 84.4 2019 • LKazakhstan 84.3 2019 • LFrance 84.1 2019 • LPortugal 84.0 2019 • LGermany 83.6 2019 • LAustria 83.4 2019 • LChad 83.3 2019 • LPeru 82.8 2019 • LBelarus 82.7 2019 • LThe Bahamas 82.4 2019 • LUnited States 82.1 2019 • LEquatorial Guinea 82.1 2019 • LJamaica 82.0 2019 • LSpain 81.8 2019 • LLatvia 81.7 2019 • LBelgium 81.6 2019 • LBrunei Darussalam 81.4 2019 • LIreland 81.2 2019 • L


Estonia 80.5 2019 • LChina 80.4 2019 • LBulgaria 80.4 2019 • LSt. Lucia 80.2 2019 • LMongolia 79.8 2019 • LLesotho 79.7 2019 • LSingapore 79.3 2019 • LCroatia 78.8 2019 • LSlovak Republic 78.3 2019 • LBhutan 78.3 2019 • LThailand 78.0 2019 • LSouth Africa 77.9 2019 • LRussian Federation 77.8 2019 • LBurkina Faso 77.8 2019 • LSolomon Islands 77.7 2019 • LVanuatu 77.2 2019 • LDjibouti 77.2 2019 • LCzech Republic 76.9 2019 • LThe Gambia 76.6 2019 • LMali 75.8 2019 • LUruguay 75.8 2019 • LSerbia 75.3 2019 • LMontenegro 75.2 2019 • LGreece 74.8 2019 • LPoland 74.7 2019 • L






Seats held by women in national parliament (%)

The number of seats held by women in single or lower chambers of national parliaments, expressed as a percentage of all occupied seats. Seats refer to the number of parliamentary mandates, or the number of members of parliament.Source: IPU (2020) Year of reference: 2020 (or closest available year)

Seychelles 21.2 2020 • pUruguay 21.2 2020 • DHonduras 21.1 2020 • pEquatorial Guinea 21.0 2020 • pBangladesh 20.9 2020 • 5Ukraine 20.8 2020 • DGreece 20.7 2020 • 5Morocco 20.5 2020 • 5Indonesia 20.4 2020 • 5Mauritania 20.3 2020 • pPakistan 20.2 2020 • pBarbados 20.0 2020 • 5Cambodia 20.0 2020 • pMauritius 20.0 2020 • DSlovak Republic 20.0 2020 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 20.0 2020 • DSaudi Arabia 19.9 2020 • pCyprus 19.6 2020 • DFiji 19.6 2020 • 5Guatemala 19.4 2020 • DCroatia 19.2 2020 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 19.2 2020 • pKorea, Rep. 19.0 2020 • 5Togo 18.7 2020 • 5Colombia 18.3 2020 • pKorea, Dem. Rep. 17.6 2020 • 5Jamaica 17.5 2020 • DAzerbaijan 17.4 2020 • 5Mongolia 17.3 2020 • 5Turkey 17.3 2020 • 5Niger 17.0 2020 • 5Zambia 16.8 2020 • 5Comoros 16.7 2020 • LSt. Lucia 16.7 2020 • pParaguay 16.3 2020 • 5Libya 16.0 2020 • pMadagascar 15.9 2020 • pRussian Federation 15.8 2020 • 5Thailand 15.8 2020 • DChad 15.4 2020 • 5Jordan 15.4 2020 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 15.1 2020 • 5Bahrain 15.0 2020 • DBhutan 14.9 2020 • DGabon 14.8 2020 • 5Brazil 14.6 2020 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 14.6 2020 • pMalaysia 14.4 2020 • 5India 14.4 2020 • 5

Georgia 14.1 2020 • 5Guinea-Bissau 13.7 2020 • 5Malta 13.4 2020 • 5Burkina Faso 13.4 2020 • 5Ghana 13.1 2020 • 5


The Bahamas 12.8 2020 • pCongo, Dem. Rep. 12.8 2020 • 5Palau 12.5 2020 • DSyrian Arab Republic 12.4 2020 • 5Liberia 12.3 2020 • 5Sierra Leone 12.3 2020 • pHungary 12.1 2020 • 5Liechtenstein 12.0 2019 • pCôte d’Ivoire 11.4 2020 • 5Congo, Rep. 11.3 2020 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 11.1 2020 • 5Myanmar 11.1 2020 • pBotswana 10.8 2020 • 5Nauru 10.5 2020 • 5Samoa 10.0 2020 • 5Japan 9.9 2020 • 5Qatar 9.8 2020 • DEswatini 9.6 2020 • 5Mali 9.5 2019 • 5Belize 9.4 2020 • DBrunei Darussalam 9.1 2020 • 5Kiribati 8.9 2020 • 5The Gambia 8.6 2020 • p


Iran, Islamic Rep. 8.2 2020 • 5Tonga 7.4 2020 • DBenin 7.2 2020 • 5Kuwait 6.4 2020 • 5Tuvalu 6.3 2020 • pSolomon Islands 6.1 2020 • 5Marshall Islands 6.1 2020 • pSri Lanka 5.3 2020 • 5Lebanon 4.7 2020 • 5Maldives 4.6 2020 • pNigeria 3.6 2020 • pHaiti 2.5 2019 • pOman 2.3 2020 • 5Yemen, Rep. 0.3 2020 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 2020 • 5Papua New Guinea 0.0 2020 • pVanuatu 0.0 2020 • 5

Rwanda 61.3 2020 • LCuba 53.2 2020 • LBolivia 53.1 2020 • LUnited Arab Emirates 50.0 2020 • LMexico 48.2 2020 • LNicaragua 47.3 2020 • LSweden 47.0 2020 • LGrenada 46.7 2020 • LSouth Africa 46.6 2020 • LAndorra 46.4 2020 • LFinland 46.0 2020 • LCosta Rica 45.6 2020 • LSpain 44.0 2020 • LNamibia 43.3 2020 • LSenegal 43.0 2020 • LSwitzerland 41.5 2020 • LNorway 41.4 2020 • LMozambique 41.2 2020 • LArgentina 40.9 2020 • LNew Zealand 40.8 2020 • LBelgium 40.7 2020 • LBelarus 40.0 2020 • LNorth Macedonia 40.0 2020 • LPortugal 40.0 2020 • LDenmark 39.7 2020 • LFrance 39.5 2020 • LEcuador 39.4 2020 • pAustria 39.3 2020 • LEthiopia 38.8 2020 • 5Timor-Leste 38.5 2020 • 5Iceland 38.1 2020 • pSerbia 37.7 2020 • LTanzania 36.9 2020 • DBurundi 36.4 2020 • 5Italy 35.7 2020 • LUganda 34.9 2020 • pDominica 34.4 2020 • LCameroon 33.9 2020 • DUnited Kingdom 33.9 2020 • LEl Salvador 33.3 2020 • 5Monaco 33.3 2020 • LNetherlands 33.3 2020 • pNepal 32.7 2020 • DUzbekistan 32.0 2020 • LGuyana 31.9 2019 • DZimbabwe 31.9 2020 • 5San Marino 31.7 2020 • LSuriname 31.4 2020 • LGermany 31.2 2020 • p

Trinidad and Tobago 31.0 2020 • pSudan 30.5 2018 • 5Australia 30.5 2020 • DAngola 30.0 2020 • pLatvia 30.0 2020 • LLuxembourg 30.0 2020 • 5Montenegro 29.6 2020 • LAlbania 29.5 2020 • LCanada 29.0 2020 • DEstonia 28.7 2020 • DPoland 28.7 2020 • 5South Sudan 28.5 2020 • 5Philippines 28.0 2020 • 5Dominican Republic 27.9 2020 • LSlovenia 27.8 2020 • pLao PDR 27.5 2020 • DKazakhstan 27.1 2020 • 5Afghanistan 27.0 2020 • pVietnam 26.7 2020 • 5Bulgaria 26.7 2020 • DIraq 26.4 2020 • pDjibouti 26.2 2020 • LPeru 26.2 2020 • DAlgeria 25.8 2020 • pCabo Verde 25.0 2020 • DIsrael 25.0 2020 • pTurkmenistan 25.0 2020 • pChina 24.9 2020 • 5Tunisia 24.9 2020 • pMoldova 24.8 2020 • 5Somalia 24.4 2020 • LLithuania 24.1 2020 • 5Singapore 24.0 2020 • 5Tajikistan 23.8 2020 • DUnited States 23.8 2020 • DArmenia 23.5 2020 • LLesotho 23.3 2020 • pMalawi 22.9 2020 • DGuinea 22.8 2019 • 5Chile 22.6 2020 • DPanama 22.5 2020 • DCzech Republic 22.5 2020 • 5Ireland 22.5 2020 • DVenezuela, RB 22.2 2020 • DEritrea 22.0 2019 • 5Romania 21.9 2020 • DKenya 21.8 2020 • 5









Gender wage gap (% of male median wage)(OECD Member States)

The difference in time spent in unpaid work between men and women in minutes per day. Unpaid work includes work, such as childcare, meal preparation, and cleaning.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available year)

Gender gap in time spent doing unpaid work (minutes/day)(OECD Member States)

The difference between male and female median wages of full-time employees and those self-employed, divided by the male median wage.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Luxembourg 3.4 2014 • •Belgium 3.7 2016 • LGreece 4.5 2017 • LSlovenia 5.0 2014 • •Denmark 5.3 2017 • LItaly 5.6 2016 • LTurkey 6.9 2014 • •Norway 7.1 2015 • •Sweden 7.1 2018 • LNew Zealand 7.9 2018 • LHungary 9.4 2016 • pPoland 9.4 2016 • LIreland 10.6 2014 • •Iceland 11.5 2016 • LSpain 11.5 2014 • •Australia 11.7 2018 • LChile 12.5 2017 • LLithuania 12.5 2014 • •

France 13.0 2015 • •Mexico 14.0 2018 • LNetherlands 14.1 2014 • •Portugal 14.8 2017 • LSwitzerland 14.8 2016 • LCzech Republic 15.1 2018 • DAustria 15.4 2017 • LSlovak Republic 15.7 2018 • pGermany 16.2 2017 • DUnited Kingdom 16.4 2018 • 5Finland 17.7 2017 • DCanada 18.5 2018 • 5United States 18.9 2018 • pLatvia 21.1 2014 • •Israel 21.8 2017 • pJapan 24.5 2017 • 5Estonia 28.3 2014 • •Korea, Rep. 34.1 2018 • 5

Sweden 49.2 2010 • •Denmark 56.7 2001 • •Norway 58.9 2011 • •Canada 75.5 2015 • •Finland 78.3 2010 • •Netherlands 79.5 2016 • •Estonia 89.0 2010 • •France 89.1 2010 • •Germany 91.8 2013 • •Belgium 93.2 2013 • •United States 96.0 2018 • •United Kingdom 108.6 2015 • •Luxembourg 118.5 2013 • •Slovenia 119.7 2001 • •New Zealand 123.0 2010 • •Latvia 123.5 2003 • •Hungary 131.4 2010 • •Austria 133.9 2009 • •

Poland 136.2 2013 • •Australia 139.4 2006 • •Lithuania 140.3 2003 • •Spain 143.2 2010 • •Greece 164.4 2013 • •Ireland 165.5 2005 • •Korea, Rep. 166.0 2014 • •Italy 175.6 2014 • •Japan 183.5 2016 • •Mexico 199.9 2014 • •Turkey 237.5 2015 • •Chile NA NA • •Czech Republic NA NA • •Iceland NA NA • •Israel NA NA • •Portugal NA NA • •Slovak Republic NA NA • •Switzerland NA NA • •







Population using at least basic drinking water services (%)

The percentage of the population using at least a basic drinking water service, such as drinking water from an improved source, provided that the collection time is not more than 30 minutes for a round trip, including queuing. Source: JMP (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Kazakhstan 95.6 2017 • LGuyana 95.5 2017 • LSuriname 95.4 2017 • LCuba 95.3 2017 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 95.2 2017 • 5


Honduras 94.8 2017 • LVietnam 94.7 2017 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 94.5 2017 • 5Guatemala 94.2 2017 • LEcuador 94.0 2017 • LFiji 93.8 2017 • 5Ukraine 93.8 2017 • 5Philippines 93.6 2017 • LAlgeria 93.6 2017 • 5North Macedonia 93.1 2017 • 5Bolivia 92.8 2017 • LChina 92.8 2017 • LSouth Africa 92.7 2017 • LIndia 92.7 2017 • LLebanon 92.6 2017 • DOman 91.9 2017 • LPakistan 91.5 2017 • DAzerbaijan 91.4 2017 • LVanuatu 91.3 2017 • LPeru 91.1 2017 • LAlbania 91.0 2017 • 5Jamaica 90.6 2017 • 5Botswana 90.3 2017 • LSri Lanka 89.4 2017 • DIndonesia 89.3 2017 • LMoldova 89.1 2017 • DNepal 88.8 2017 • DMarshall Islands 88.5 2017 • LKyrgyz Republic 87.5 2017 • 5Cabo Verde 87.1 2017 • DMorocco 86.8 2017 • LGabon 85.8 2017 • 5Serbia 85.5 2017 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 84.3 2017 • DMongolia 83.3 2017 • DNamibia 82.5 2017 • 5Lao PDR 82.1 2017 • LMyanmar 81.8 2017 • DNicaragua 81.5 2017 • 5Ghana 81.5 2017 • DTajikistan 81.2 2017 • LSenegal 80.7 2017 • D

Comoros 80.2 2017 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 78.6 2017 • pCambodia 78.5 2017 • LTimor-Leste 78.3 2017 • LMali 78.3 2017 • LThe Gambia 78.0 2017 • 5Djibouti 75.6 2017 • 5Congo, Rep. 73.2 2017 • DLiberia 72.9 2017 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 72.9 2017 • 5Kiribati 71.6 2017 • DNigeria 71.4 2017 • DMauritania 70.7 2017 • DEswatini 69.0 2017 • 5Malawi 68.8 2017 • 5Lesotho 68.7 2017 • 5Solomon Islands 67.8 2017 • pAfghanistan 67.1 2017 • LGuinea-Bissau 66.6 2017 • 5Benin 66.4 2017 • 5Haiti 65.5 2017 • 5Togo 65.1 2017 • 5Equatorial Guinea 64.7 2017 • 5Zimbabwe 64.1 2017 • pYemen, Rep. 63.5 2017 • 5Guinea 61.9 2017 • pBurundi 60.8 2017 • 5Sierra Leone 60.8 2017 • 5Cameroon 60.4 2017 • 5Sudan 60.3 2017 • 5Zambia 60.0 2017 • 5Kenya 58.9 2017 • 5Rwanda 57.7 2017 • 5Tanzania 56.7 2017 • DAngola 55.8 2017 • 5Mozambique 55.7 2017 • DMadagascar 54.4 2017 • 5Somalia 52.4 2017 • DEritrea 51.9 2016 • 5Niger 50.3 2017 • 5Uganda 49.1 2017 • 5Burkina Faso 47.9 2017 • p


Congo, Dem. Rep. 43.2 2017 • 5Papua New Guinea 41.3 2017 • 5Ethiopia 41.1 2017 • 5South Sudan 40.7 2017 • pChad 38.7 2017 • p

Andorra 100.0 2017 • LAustria 100.0 2017 • •Bahrain 100.0 2017 • LBelgium 100.0 2017 • •Denmark 100.0 2017 • •Finland 100.0 2017 • •France 100.0 2017 • •Germany 100.0 2017 • •Greece 100.0 2017 • •Hungary 100.0 2017 • •Iceland 100.0 2017 • •Israel 100.0 2017 • •Kuwait 100.0 2017 • LLiechtenstein 100.0 2017 • LMalta 100.0 2017 • LMonaco 100.0 2017 • LNetherlands 100.0 2017 • •New Zealand 100.0 2017 • •Norway 100.0 2017 • •Palau 100.0 2017 • LRomania 100.0 2017 • LSan Marino 100.0 2017 • LSaudi Arabia 100.0 2017 • LSingapore 100.0 2017 • LSweden 100.0 2017 • •Switzerland 100.0 2017 • •United Kingdom 100.0 2017 • •Australia 100.0 2017 • •Thailand 99.9 2017 • LSpain 99.9 2017 • •Armenia 99.9 2017 • LPortugal 99.9 2017 • •Tonga 99.9 2017 • LBrunei Darussalam 99.9 2017 • LLuxembourg 99.9 2017 • •Czech Republic 99.9 2017 • •Mauritius 99.9 2017 • LChile 99.8 2017 • •Korea, Rep. 99.8 2017 • •Slovak Republic 99.8 2017 • •Poland 99.7 2017 • •Estonia 99.7 2017 • •Costa Rica 99.7 2017 • LCyprus 99.6 2017 • LParaguay 99.6 2017 • LCroatia 99.6 2017 • LQatar 99.6 2017 • LSlovenia 99.5 2017 • •Nauru 99.5 2017 • L

Italy 99.4 2017 • •Canada 99.4 2017 • •Uruguay 99.4 2017 • LMexico 99.3 2017 • •Tuvalu 99.3 2017 • LUnited States 99.3 2017 • •Maldives 99.3 2017 • LBulgaria 99.1 2017 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 99.1 2017 • LArgentina 99.1 2016 • LJapan 99.0 2017 • •St. Kitts and Nevis 99.0 2013 • •Jordan 98.9 2017 • LThe Bahamas 98.9 2017 • LTurkey 98.9 2017 • •Turkmenistan 98.8 2017 • LLatvia 98.6 2017 • •Libya 98.5 2017 • LBarbados 98.5 2017 • LGeorgia 98.4 2017 • LBrazil 98.2 2017 • LTrinidad and Tobago 98.2 2017 • LSt. Lucia 98.2 2017 • LUnited Arab Emirates 98.0 2017 • LBelize 98.0 2017 • LUzbekistan 97.8 2017 • LLithuania 97.5 2017 • •Ireland 97.4 2017 • •El Salvador 97.4 2017 • LSamoa 97.4 2017 • LColombia 97.3 2017 • LBhutan 97.2 2017 • LSyrian Arab Republic 97.2 2017 • LRussian Federation 97.1 2017 • LMontenegro 97.0 2017 • LBangladesh 97.0 2017 • LAntigua and Barbuda 96.7 2017 • 5Malaysia 96.7 2017 • 5Dominican Republic 96.7 2017 • LIraq 96.5 2017 • LDominica 96.5 2015 • •Belarus 96.5 2017 • 5Panama 96.4 2017 • LTunisia 96.3 2017 • LSeychelles 96.2 2017 • 5


Venezuela, RB 95.7 2017 • 5Grenada 95.6 2017 • 5




• SDG achievement • Challenges remain • Significant challenges remain • Major challenges remain • Data not available



Population using at least basic sanitation services (%)

The percentage of the population using at least a basic sanitation service, such as an improved sanitation facility that is not shared with other households. Source: JMP (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Iran, Islamic Rep. 88.4 2017 • 5St. Lucia 88.4 2017 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 88.3 2017 • LBrazil 88.3 2017 • LEcuador 88.0 2017 • LBelize 87.9 2017 • DAlgeria 87.6 2017 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 87.5 2017 • 5El Salvador 87.4 2017 • 5Jamaica 87.3 2017 • 5


Bulgaria 86.0 2017 • 5Guyana 85.8 2017 • 5China 84.8 2017 • LSuriname 84.5 2017 • 5Romania 84.3 2017 • DTuvalu 84.1 2017 • pDominican Republic 83.9 2017 • 5Vietnam 83.5 2017 • LMarshall Islands 83.5 2017 • 5Panama 83.3 2017 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 83.2 2017 • DHonduras 81.3 2017 • DDominica 77.9 2015 • •Botswana 77.3 2017 • DPhilippines 76.5 2017 • DMoldova 76.3 2017 • 5South Africa 75.7 2017 • DLao PDR 74.5 2017 • LNicaragua 74.4 2017 • 5Peru 74.3 2017 • 5Cabo Verde 73.9 2017 • LIndonesia 73.1 2017 • LBhutan 69.3 2017 • DRwanda 66.6 2017 • DEquatorial Guinea 66.3 2017 • 5Nauru 65.6 2017 • 5Guatemala 65.1 2017 • 5Myanmar 64.3 2017 • pDjibouti 63.6 2017 • DNepal 62.1 2017 • LBolivia 60.7 2017 • DPakistan 59.9 2017 • DIndia 59.5 2017 • DCambodia 59.2 2017 • LYemen, Rep. 59.1 2017 • 5Mongolia 58.5 2017 • 5Eswatini 58.4 2017 • 5

Timor-Leste 53.5 2017 • 5Senegal 51.5 2017 • 5Angola 49.9 2017 • 5Mauritania 48.4 2017 • DBangladesh 48.2 2017 • 5Kiribati 47.8 2017 • 5Gabon 47.4 2017 • 5Burundi 45.8 2017 • pAfghanistan 43.4 2017 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 43.0 2017 • 5Lesotho 42.8 2017 • DMali 39.3 2017 • 5The Gambia 39.2 2017 • pNigeria 39.2 2017 • 5Cameroon 39.1 2017 • 5Somalia 38.3 2017 • 5Sudan 36.6 2017 • 5Zimbabwe 36.2 2017 • pComoros 35.9 2017 • 5Haiti 34.7 2017 • 5Namibia 34.5 2017 • 5Vanuatu 34.1 2017 • pSolomon Islands 33.5 2017 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 32.1 2017 • 5Tanzania 29.9 2017 • 5Mozambique 29.4 2017 • 5Kenya 29.1 2017 • pZambia 26.4 2017 • 5Malawi 26.2 2017 • 5


Guinea 22.7 2017 • 5Guinea-Bissau 20.5 2017 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 20.5 2017 • 5Congo, Rep. 20.2 2017 • 5Burkina Faso 19.4 2017 • 5Ghana 18.5 2017 • 5Uganda 18.5 2017 • 5Liberia 17.0 2017 • 5Benin 16.5 2017 • 5Togo 16.1 2017 • 5Sierra Leone 15.7 2017 • 5Niger 13.6 2017 • 5Papua New Guinea 12.9 2017 • pEritrea 11.9 2016 • 5South Sudan 11.3 2017 • 5Madagascar 10.5 2017 • 5Chad 8.3 2017 • pEthiopia 7.3 2017 • 5

Andorra 100.0 2017 • LBahrain 100.0 2017 • LChile 100.0 2017 • •Israel 100.0 2017 • •Korea, Rep. 100.0 2017 • •Kuwait 100.0 2017 • LLibya 100.0 2017 • LMonaco 100.0 2017 • LNew Zealand 100.0 2017 • •Oman 100.0 2017 • LPalau 100.0 2017 • LQatar 100.0 2017 • LSan Marino 100.0 2017 • LSaudi Arabia 100.0 2017 • LSeychelles 100.0 2017 • LSingapore 100.0 2017 • LUzbekistan 100.0 2017 • LAustralia 100.0 2017 • •Austria 100.0 2017 • •United States 100.0 2017 • •Malta 100.0 2017 • LLiechtenstein 100.0 2017 • LSpain 99.9 2017 • •Japan 99.9 2017 • •Switzerland 99.9 2017 • •Portugal 99.6 2017 • •Denmark 99.6 2017 • •Malaysia 99.6 2017 • LBelgium 99.5 2017 • •Finland 99.4 2017 • •Maldives 99.4 2017 • LSweden 99.3 2017 • •Canada 99.3 2017 • •Germany 99.2 2017 • •Cyprus 99.2 2017 • LEstonia 99.1 2017 • •Czech Republic 99.1 2017 • •North Macedonia 99.1 2017 • LSlovenia 99.1 2017 • •United Kingdom 99.1 2017 • •Greece 99.0 2017 • •Poland 98.8 2017 • •Iceland 98.8 2017 • •Italy 98.8 2017 • •Thailand 98.8 2017 • LTurkmenistan 98.7 2017 • LFrance 98.7 2017 • •United Arab Emirates 98.6 2017 • LLebanon 98.5 2017 • L

Samoa 98.2 2017 • LNorway 98.1 2017 • •Hungary 98.0 2017 • •Slovak Republic 97.9 2017 • •Kazakhstan 97.9 2017 • LCosta Rica 97.8 2017 • LBelarus 97.8 2017 • LMontenegro 97.8 2017 • LAlbania 97.7 2017 • LNetherlands 97.7 2017 • •Luxembourg 97.6 2017 • •Serbia 97.6 2017 • LJordan 97.3 2017 • LTurkey 97.3 2017 • •Barbados 97.3 2017 • LTajikistan 97.0 2017 • LUruguay 96.6 2017 • LCroatia 96.5 2017 • LKyrgyz Republic 96.5 2017 • LBrunei Darussalam 96.3 2015 • •Ukraine 96.2 2017 • LSri Lanka 95.8 2017 • LMauritius 95.5 2017 • L


Fiji 95.1 2017 • LThe Bahamas 94.9 2017 • LArgentina 94.3 2016 • DEgypt, Arab Rep. 94.2 2017 • LIraq 94.1 2017 • LVenezuela, RB 93.9 2017 • 5Armenia 93.6 2017 • LTonga 93.4 2017 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 93.4 2017 • 5Lithuania 93.4 2017 • •Cuba 92.8 2017 • LAzerbaijan 92.5 2017 • LLatvia 92.1 2017 • •St. Kitts and Nevis 91.6 2013 • •Grenada 91.5 2017 • 5Ireland 91.2 2017 • •Syrian Arab Republic 91.2 2017 • 5Mexico 91.2 2017 • •Tunisia 90.9 2017 • LRussian Federation 90.5 2017 • LGeorgia 90.0 2017 • 5Paraguay 89.8 2017 • LColombia 89.6 2017 • LMorocco 88.5 2017 • L


41 Sustainable Development Report 2019 Transformations to achieve the SDGs




Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources)

The level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources is the ratio between total freshwater withdrawn by all major sectors and total renewable freshwater resources, after taking into account environmental water requirements. Main sectors, as defined by ISIC standards, include agriculture, forestry and fishing, manufacturing, electricity industry, and services. This indicator is also known as water withdrawal intensity.Source: FAO (2020) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available year)

Mauritania 13.2 2005 • •North Macedonia 13.3 2005 • •Haiti 13.4 2010 • •United Kingdom 13.7 2010 • •St. Lucia 14.3 2005 • •Finland 15.6 2005 • •Maldives 15.7 2010 • •Moldova 15.8 2005 • •Netherlands 16.9 2015 • •Denmark 17.2 2010 • •Malawi 17.5 2005 • •Vietnam 18.1 2005 • •Estonia 18.6 2015 • •Greece 19.3 2005 • •Lithuania 19.9 2015 • •Trinidad and Tobago 20.3 2010 • •Thailand 23.0 2005 • •Cuba 23.9 2015 • •Somalia 24.5 2005 • •Czech Republic 24.9 2015 • •Philippines 26.0 2015 • •France 26.1 2010 • •Mauritius 26.3 2005 • •Jamaica 26.9 2015 • •Kazakhstan 27.7 2010 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. 27.7 2005 • •Indonesia 28.0 2015 • •Timor-Leste 28.3 2005 • •Cyprus 29.8 2015 • •Italy 30.1 2015 • •United States 30.6 2010 • •Mexico 32.2 2015 • •Ethiopia 32.3 2015 • •Kenya 33.2 2015 • •Zimbabwe 33.5 2005 • •Germany 34.4 2010 • •Poland 36.6 2015 • •Japan 37.3 2010 • •Dominican Republic 39.7 2010 • •Bulgaria 41.6 2015 • •Turkey 42.9 2015 • •China 43.4 2015 • •Spain 44.0 2015 • •South Africa 44.4 2015 • •Morocco 49.7 2010 • •Kyrgyz Republic 50.0 2005 • •St. Kitts and Nevis 51.3 2010 • •Malta 52.3 2015 • •Iraq 54.1 2015 • •

Afghanistan 54.8 2000 • •Azerbaijan 56.4 2015 • •Lebanon 57.3 2015 • •Armenia 64.2 2015 • •India 66.5 2010 • •Belgium 73.8 2010 • •Tajikistan 73.9 2005 • •Eswatini 75.7 2000 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 81.4 2005 • •Korea, Rep. 84.8 2005 • •Barbados 87.5 2005 • •Oman 90.1 2005 • •Sri Lanka 90.8 2005 • •Jordan 100.1 2015 • •Pakistan 112.5 2010 • •Sudan 118.7 2010 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 118.9 2015 • •Tunisia 121.1 2015 • •Israel 122.4 2005 • •Syrian Arab Republic 126.0 2005 • •Algeria 127.7 2015 • •Bahrain 132.2 2015 • •Uzbekistan 136.9 2015 • •Turkmenistan 143.6 2005 • •Yemen, Rep. 168.3 2005 • •Qatar 374.1 2005 • •Libya 822.9 2010 • •Saudi Arabia 907.1 2015 • •United Arab Emirates 1866.7 2005 • •Kuwait 2075.0 2000 • •Andorra NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Brunei Darussalam NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Montenegro NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Singapore NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •Vanuatu NA NA • •

Congo, Rep. 0.0 2000 • •Papua New Guinea 0.1 2005 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.2 2005 • •Equatorial Guinea 0.2 2000 • •Liberia 0.2 2000 • •Central African Republic 0.3 2005 • •Iceland 0.4 2015 • •Fiji 0.5 2005 • •Gabon 0.5 2005 • •Sierra Leone 0.5 2005 • •Slovenia 0.6 2015 • •Panama 0.8 2010 • •Guinea 0.9 2000 • •Namibia 0.9 2000 • •Benin 1.0 2000 • •Cambodia 1.0 2005 • •Bolivia 1.2 2010 • •Comoros 1.2 2000 • •Portugal 1.2 2005 • •Belize 1.3 2000 • •Latvia 1.3 2015 • •Bhutan 1.4 2010 • •Cameroon 1.4 2000 • •Rwanda 1.4 2000 • •Croatia 1.5 2015 • •Guinea-Bissau 1.5 2000 • •Colombia 1.8 2010 • •Mozambique 1.8 2015 • •Paraguay 1.8 2010 • •Angola 1.9 2005 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 1.9 2015 • •The Gambia 2.0 2000 • •Botswana 2.1 2015 • •Lesotho 2.2 2015 • •Lao PDR 2.3 2005 • •Norway 2.3 2005 • •Slovak Republic 2.3 2015 • •Peru 2.5 2010 • •Togo 2.6 2000 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.7 2015 • •Nicaragua 2.7 2010 • •Zambia 2.8 2000 • •Brazil 3.0 2015 • •Guyana 3.3 2010 • •Mongolia 3.4 2015 • •Canada 3.6 2015 • •Ireland 3.6 2010 • •

Luxembourg 3.6 2015 • •Sweden 3.9 2010 • •Suriname 4.0 2005 • •New Zealand 4.2 2010 • •South Sudan 4.2 2010 • •Chad 4.3 2005 • •Russian Federation 4.4 2015 • •Honduras 4.6 2005 • •Costa Rica 4.7 2015 • •Belarus 4.8 2015 • •Côte d’Ivoire 5.1 2015 • •Serbia 5.2 2015 • •Bangladesh 5.7 2010 • •Guatemala 5.7 2005 • •Malaysia 5.7 2005 • •Myanmar 5.8 2000 • •Uganda 5.8 2010 • •Georgia 5.9 2010 • •Romania 6.0 2015 • •Ghana 6.1 2015 • •Australia 6.2 2015 • •Djibouti 6.3 2000 • •Ecuador 6.8 2005 • •Grenada 7.1 2015 • •Hungary 7.2 2015 • •Niger 7.5 2015 • •Venezuela, RB 7.5 2005 • •Switzerland 7.6 2010 • •Burkina Faso 7.8 2005 • •Albania 7.9 2005 • •Mali 8.0 2005 • •Nepal 8.3 2005 • •Antigua and Barbuda 8.5 2010 • •Cabo Verde 9.0 2000 • •Chile 9.0 2005 • •Austria 9.5 2010 • •Nigeria 9.7 2010 • •Uruguay 9.8 2000 • •Dominica 10.0 2010 • •Argentina 10.5 2010 • •Burundi 10.5 2000 • •Eritrea 11.2 2005 • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines 11.2 2015 • •Madagascar 11.3 2005 • •Senegal 11.8 2000 • •Ukraine 12.8 2015 • •Tanzania 13.0 2000 • •El Salvador 13.2 2005 • •






Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%)

The percentage of collected, generated, or produced wastewater that is treated, normalized by the population connected to centralized wastewater treatment facilities. Scores were calculated by multiplying the wastewater treatment summary values, based on decadal averages, with the sewerage connection values to arrive at an overall total percentage of wastewater treated.Source: EPI (2018) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Mauritius 2.5 2018 • •Tajikistan 2.3 2018 • •India 2.2 2018 • •Uruguay 2.2 2018 • •Thailand 2.0 2018 • •Serbia 1.7 2018 • •Seychelles 1.7 2018 • •Tanzania 1.4 2018 • •The Bahamas 1.4 2018 • •Antigua and Barbuda 1.3 2018 • •Equatorial Guinea 1.3 2018 • •Barbados 1.2 2018 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.1 2018 • •Dominica 1.0 2018 • •Botswana 1.0 2018 • •North Macedonia 0.9 2018 • •Grenada 0.9 2018 • •St. Lucia 0.9 2018 • •Nauru 0.9 2018 • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.7 2018 • •Paraguay 0.7 2018 • •Philippines 0.7 2018 • •St. Kitts and Nevis 0.6 2018 • •Côte d’Ivoire 0.6 2018 • •Belize 0.6 2018 • •Senegal 0.5 2018 • •Kenya 0.5 2018 • •Uganda 0.4 2018 • •Lesotho 0.3 2018 • •Timor-Leste 0.3 2018 • •Vietnam 0.3 2018 • •Samoa 0.3 2018 • •Congo, Rep. 0.3 2018 • •Tonga 0.3 2018 • •Kyrgyz Republic 0.2 2018 • •Mozambique 0.2 2018 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 0.2 2018 • •Nigeria 0.2 2018 • •Tuvalu 0.1 2018 • •Comoros 0.1 2018 • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.1 2018 • •Pakistan 0.1 2018 • •El Salvador 0.1 2018 • •Vanuatu 0.0 2018 • •Indonesia 0.0 2018 • •Benin 0.0 2018 • •The Gambia 0.0 2018 • •

Kiribati 0.0 2018 • •Suriname 0.0 2018 • •Afghanistan 0.0 2018 • •Angola 0.0 2018 • •Bangladesh 0.0 2018 • •Bhutan 0.0 2018 • •Burkina Faso 0.0 2018 • •Burundi 0.0 2018 • •Cambodia 0.0 2018 • •Cameroon 0.0 2018 • •Central African Republic 0.0 2018 • •Chad 0.0 2018 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.0 2018 • •Djibouti 0.0 2018 • •Ecuador 0.0 2018 • •Eritrea 0.0 2018 • •Ethiopia 0.0 2018 • •Gabon 0.0 2018 • •Ghana 0.0 2018 • •Guinea 0.0 2018 • •Guinea-Bissau 0.0 2018 • •Guyana 0.0 2018 • •Haiti 0.0 2018 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 2018 • •Lao PDR 0.0 2018 • •Liberia 0.0 2018 • •Madagascar 0.0 2018 • •Malawi 0.0 2018 • •Mali 0.0 2018 • •Marshall Islands 0.0 2018 • •Mauritania 0.0 2018 • •Myanmar 0.0 2018 • •Nepal 0.0 2018 • •Nicaragua 0.0 2018 • •Niger 0.0 2018 • •Papua New Guinea 0.0 2018 • •Rwanda 0.0 2018 • •Sierra Leone 0.0 2018 • •Solomon Islands 0.0 2018 • •Somalia 0.0 2018 • •South Sudan 0.0 2018 • •Sri Lanka 0.0 2018 • •Sudan 0.0 2018 • •Togo 0.0 2018 • •Uzbekistan 0.0 2018 • •Yemen, Rep. 0.0 2018 • •Zimbabwe 0.0 2018 • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •

Andorra 100.0 2018 • •Denmark 100.0 2018 • •Finland 100.0 2018 • •Malta * 100.0 2018 • •Monaco 100.0 2018 • •Netherlands 100.0 2018 • •Singapore 100.0 2018 • •Sweden 100.0 2018 • •United Kingdom 98.5 2018 • •Luxembourg 98.5 2018 • •Germany 97.0 2018 • •Switzerland 96.7 2018 • •Austria 94.0 2018 • •Australia 92.7 2018 • •Spain 91.5 2018 • •Latvia 90.7 2018 • •Ireland 89.7 2018 • •Slovenia 89.1 2018 • •France 88.0 2018 • •Bahrain 86.9 2018 • •Israel 81.7 2018 • •Greece 81.7 2018 • •New Zealand 79.9 2018 • •Korea, Rep. 76.8 2018 • •United Arab Emirates 76.8 2018 • •Japan 75.3 2018 • •Chile 71.9 2018 • •Qatar 70.0 2018 • •Estonia 69.6 2018 • •Belgium 67.9 2018 • •Canada 67.4 2018 • •Norway 64.3 2018 • •Poland 60.9 2018 • •Czech Republic 60.8 2018 • •United States 58.9 2018 • •Italy 58.8 2018 • •Portugal 55.0 2018 • •Hungary 53.8 2018 • •Croatia 51.7 2018 • •Lithuania 51.4 2018 • •Cyprus 50.0 2018 • •Brazil 49.3 2018 • •Syrian Arab Republic 48.0 2018 • •Georgia 46.6 2018 • •Peru 46.4 2018 • •Slovak Republic 43.7 2018 • •Kuwait 43.1 2018 • •Tunisia 43.0 2018 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 42.0 2018 • •

Palau 40.0 2018 • •Lebanon 38.2 2018 • •Algeria 33.1 2018 • •Mexico 31.6 2018 • •Turkey 30.4 2018 • •Romania 30.4 2018 • •Kazakhstan 28.6 2018 • •Colombia 25.6 2018 • •Panama 23.1 2018 • •South Africa 21.7 2018 • •Cabo Verde 20.9 2018 • •Iraq 19.5 2018 • •Jordan 18.6 2018 • •Russian Federation 18.5 2018 • •Iceland 15.5 2018 • •Ukraine 14.1 2018 • •Bulgaria 13.9 2018 • •Oman 13.4 2018 • •Malaysia 12.4 2018 • •Saudi Arabia 11.8 2018 • •Turkmenistan 9.8 2018 • •Costa Rica 9.7 2018 • •Libya 9.6 2018 • •China 9.4 2018 • •Moldova 9.0 2018 • •Armenia 8.8 2018 • •Montenegro 8.4 2018 • •Belarus 7.2 2018 • •Guatemala 6.8 2018 • •Venezuela, RB 6.4 2018 • •Namibia 6.3 2018 • •San Marino 6.2 2018 • •Brunei Darussalam 6.1 2018 • •Argentina 5.9 2018 • •Dominican Republic 5.8 2018 • •Morocco 5.4 2018 • •Eswatini 5.3 2018 • •Maldives 4.6 2018 • •Zambia 4.2 2018 • •Fiji 3.9 2018 • •Azerbaijan 3.8 2018 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 3.7 2018 • •Cuba 3.6 2018 • •Bolivia 3.5 2018 • •Mongolia 3.3 2018 • •Trinidad and Tobago 3.2 2018 • •Honduras 3.2 2018 • •Jamaica 3.0 2018 • •Albania 2.7 2018 • •






Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m³/capita)

Water scarcity is measured as water consumption weighted by scarcity indices. In order to incorporate water scarcity into the virtual water flow calculus, a new satellite account was constructed where water use entries are weighted so that they reflect the scarcity of the water being used. The weight used is a measure of water withdrawals as a percentage of the existing local renewable freshwater resources. The Water Scarcity Index was used for converting total water use into scarce water use.Source: Lenzen et al. (2013) Year of reference: 2013 (or closest available year)

Albania 5.7 2013 • LUruguay 5.8 2013 • LSouth Africa 5.8 2013 • LPanama 6.0 2013 • LUkraine 6.2 2013 • LEswatini 6.3 2013 • LBhutan 6.3 2013 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 6.5 2013 • LNorth Macedonia 6.5 2013 • LBotswana 6.8 2013 • LKyrgyz Republic 6.8 2013 • LKazakhstan 7.5 2013 • LHungary 8.0 2013 • LSuriname 8.2 2013 • LPoland 9.0 2013 • LBulgaria 9.3 2013 • LSerbia 9.4 2013 • LTunisia 10.1 2013 • LTurkey 13.2 2013 • LCroatia 13.2 2013 • LTurkmenistan 13.2 2013 • LBarbados 13.5 2013 • LTrinidad and Tobago 13.7 2013 • LAntigua and Barbuda 15.2 2013 • LGeorgia 15.4 2013 • LThe Bahamas 15.5 2013 • LSlovak Republic 16.4 2013 • LLatvia 17.4 2013 • LKorea, Rep. 17.7 2013 • LCzech Republic 17.7 2013 • LIsrael 17.8 2013 • LAustralia 17.9 2013 • LNew Zealand 18.2 2013 • LUnited States 18.3 2013 • LMalaysia 18.7 2013 • LEstonia 18.7 2013 • LMaldives 18.9 2013 • LBrunei Darussalam 19.6 2013 • LJapan 20.9 2013 • LLithuania 21.5 2013 • LMontenegro 21.6 2013 • LFinland 23.6 2013 • LSpain 24.0 2013 • LSlovenia 24.5 2013 • LLiechtenstein 25.5 2013 • LItaly 25.8 2013 • LJordan 26.3 2013 • LPortugal 27.0 2013 • LMonaco 28.1 2013 • D

Bahrain 30.1 2013 • 5Sweden 32.3 2013 • 5Andorra 33.8 2013 • 5United Kingdom 33.9 2013 • DSeychelles 34.6 2013 • 5Greece 34.8 2013 • LCanada 36.2 2013 • 5Belgium 38.6 2013 • DMalta 39.2 2013 • 5Ireland 39.3 2013 • DDenmark 39.6 2013 • 5Iceland 40.9 2013 • pFrance 41.0 2013 • DCyprus 42.1 2013 • 5Russian Federation 43.1 2013 • 5Lebanon 45.8 2013 • 5Austria 46.0 2013 • 5Switzerland 47.6 2013 • 5Germany 48.6 2013 • 5Netherlands 49.3 2013 • DOman 55.5 2013 • 5Norway 60.1 2013 • pSaudi Arabia 70.3 2013 • pMauritius 72.4 2013 • pQatar 83.6 2013 • DUnited Arab Emirates 91.4 2013 • 5Singapore 97.3 2013 • 5Guyana 101.6 2013 • LLuxembourg 156.0 2013 • 5San Marino 177.3 2013 • pKuwait 287.9 2013 • DComoros NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Myanmar 0.0 2013 • LSudan 0.0 2013 • LSomalia 0.0 2013 • LSouth Sudan 0.1 2013 • LChad 0.2 2013 • LBurundi 0.2 2013 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 0.2 2013 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 0.2 2013 • LMozambique 0.2 2013 • LNiger 0.3 2013 • LMali 0.3 2013 • LBelarus 0.3 2013 • LHaiti 0.3 2013 • LMoldova 0.3 2013 • L


Eritrea 0.3 2013 • LLiberia 0.3 2013 • LPakistan 0.3 2013 • LEthiopia 0.4 2013 • LCôte d’Ivoire 0.4 2013 • LMalawi 0.4 2013 • LBenin 0.4 2013 • LTogo 0.4 2013 • LCameroon 0.5 2013 • LSierra Leone 0.5 2013 • LGuinea 0.5 2013 • LMadagascar 0.6 2013 • LBurkina Faso 0.6 2013 • LThe Gambia 0.6 2013 • LTanzania 0.6 2013 • LRwanda 0.6 2013 • LUganda 0.6 2013 • LNigeria 0.7 2013 • LLao PDR 0.7 2013 • LGhana 0.7 2013 • LNicaragua 0.8 2013 • LZambia 0.8 2013 • LCambodia 0.9 2013 • LZimbabwe 0.9 2013 • LPapua New Guinea 0.9 2013 • LSenegal 0.9 2013 • LBangladesh 1.0 2013 • LBolivia 1.1 2013 • LAngola 1.1 2013 • LVietnam 1.2 2013 • LHonduras 1.3 2013 • LGuatemala 1.4 2013 • LPeru 1.6 2013 • L

Egypt, Arab Rep. 1.6 2013 • LYemen, Rep. 1.6 2013 • LEcuador 1.6 2013 • LMauritania 1.6 2013 • LNepal 1.6 2013 • LCongo, Rep. 1.6 2013 • LPhilippines 1.9 2013 • LSyrian Arab Republic 1.9 2013 • LIraq 1.9 2013 • LVenezuela, RB 1.9 2013 • LEl Salvador 2.0 2013 • LDjibouti 2.0 2013 • LMorocco 2.0 2013 • LBrazil 2.1 2013 • LKenya 2.2 2013 • LChina 2.3 2013 • LCuba 2.3 2013 • LAfghanistan 2.5 2013 • LParaguay 2.7 2013 • LIndonesia 2.7 2013 • LArgentina 2.7 2013 • LDominican Republic 2.8 2013 • LIndia 2.9 2013 • L


Azerbaijan 3.2 2013 • LLesotho 3.2 2013 • LAlgeria 3.5 2013 • LMongolia 3.6 2013 • LJamaica 3.7 2013 • LColombia 3.8 2013 • LThailand 3.9 2013 • LGabon 4.0 2013 • LMexico 4.3 2013 • LFiji 4.4 2013 • LBelize 4.4 2013 • LUzbekistan 4.6 2013 • LSamoa 4.7 2013 • LCosta Rica 4.8 2013 • LCabo Verde 4.9 2013 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 4.9 2013 • LLibya 5.0 2013 • LChile 5.0 2013 • LVanuatu 5.1 2013 • LSri Lanka 5.1 2013 • LArmenia 5.1 2013 • LTajikistan 5.1 2013 • LNamibia 5.4 2013 • LRomania 5.6 2013 • L








Population using safely managed water services (%)(OECD Member States)

The percentage of the population using safely managed sanitation services. Safely managed sanitation services are “improved” sanitation facilities that are not shared with other households, and where the excreta produced should either be treated and disposed of in situ, stored temporarily and then emptied, transported and treated off-site, or transported through a sewer with wastewater and then treated off-site. Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact.Source: JMP (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Population using safely managed sanitation services (%)(OECD Member States)

The percentage of the population using a safely managed drinking water service. A safely managed drinking water service is one where people use an “improved” source meeting three criteria: it is accessible on premises, water is available when needed, and the water supplied is free from contamination. Improved sources are those that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction.Source: JMP (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Australia * 100.0 2017 • •Greece 100.0 2017 • LIceland 100.0 2017 • LNew Zealand 100.0 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 100.0 2017 • LNetherlands 100.0 2017 • LSweden 99.9 2017 • LGermany 99.8 2017 • LSlovak Republic 99.8 2017 • LLuxembourg 99.7 2017 • LFinland 99.6 2017 • LBelgium 99.5 2017 • LIsrael 99.4 2017 • LPoland 99.2 2017 • LUnited States 99.0 2017 • LAustria 98.9 2017 • LCanada 98.9 2017 • LChile 98.6 2017 • L

Japan 98.5 2017 • LSpain 98.4 2017 • LNorway 98.3 2017 • LKorea, Rep. 98.2 2017 • LSlovenia 98.1 2017 • LCzech Republic 97.9 2017 • LFrance 97.9 2017 • LIreland 97.3 2017 • LDenmark 96.7 2017 • LSwitzerland 95.5 2017 • LPortugal 95.3 2017 • LLatvia 95.2 2017 • LItaly 95.0 2017 • LEstonia 93.3 2017 • pLithuania 92.0 2017 • LHungary 89.6 2017 • LMexico 42.9 2017 • 5Turkey NA NA • •

Korea, Rep. 99.9 2017 • LSwitzerland 99.5 2017 • LFinland 99.2 2017 • LJapan 98.8 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 97.8 2017 • LNetherlands 97.5 2017 • LEstonia 97.4 2017 • LGermany 97.2 2017 • LBelgium 97.1 2017 • LAustria 96.7 2017 • LLuxembourg 96.6 2017 • LSpain 96.6 2017 • LItaly 96.2 2017 • LHungary 95.7 2017 • LDenmark 94.8 2017 • LCzech Republic 94.5 2017 • LIsrael 93.7 2017 • LSweden 93.4 2017 • L

Poland 93.3 2017 • LLithuania 91.3 2017 • LGreece 90.4 2017 • LUnited States 90.0 2017 • LNew Zealand 88.7 2017 • LFrance 88.4 2017 • 5Latvia 85.8 2017 • LPortugal 84.7 2017 • LSlovenia 83.0 2017 • DSlovak Republic 82.5 2017 • pIreland 82.4 2017 • LCanada 82.3 2017 • pIceland 81.8 2017 • LChile 77.5 2017 • LNorway 76.3 2017 • 5Australia 75.6 2017 • DTurkey 65.2 2017 • 5Mexico 50.4 2017 • D







Population with access to electricity (%) The percentage of the population who has access to electricity.Source: SE4All (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Uzbekistan 100.0 2017 • LVenezuela, RB 100.0 2017 • LVietnam 100.0 2017 • LMaldives 99.8 2017 • LCosta Rica 99.6 2017 • LColombia 99.6 2017 • LNauru 99.6 2017 • LJamaica 99.5 2017 • LEl Salvador 99.5 2017 • LParaguay 99.3 2017 • LTajikistan 99.3 2017 • LSt. Lucia 98.8 2017 • LKiribati 98.6 2017 • LBelize 98.3 2017 • LIndonesia 98.1 2017 • LMauritius 98.0 2017 • LTonga 98.0 2017 • LAfghanistan 97.7 2017 • LBhutan 97.7 2017 • LSri Lanka 97.5 2017 • LSamoa 96.8 2017 • 5Suriname 96.8 2017 • LPeru 96.4 2017 • LFiji 96.0 2017 • LNepal 95.5 2017 • LMarshall Islands 94.8 2017 • LGrenada 94.7 2017 • LLao PDR 93.6 2017 • LGuatemala 93.3 2017 • LPhilippines 93.0 2017 • LCabo Verde 92.9 2017 • LIndia 92.6 2017 • LGabon 92.2 2017 • LBolivia 91.8 2017 • LGuyana 90.9 2017 • LSyrian Arab Republic 89.6 2017 • 5Cambodia 89.1 2017 • LBangladesh 88.0 2017 • LNicaragua 86.8 2017 • LHonduras 86.5 2017 • pMongolia 85.9 2017 • LSouth Africa 84.4 2017 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 80.8 2017 • LTimor-Leste 80.4 2017 • LComoros 79.9 2017 • LYemen, Rep. 79.2 2017 • LGhana 79.0 2017 • 5Eswatini 73.5 2017 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 72.5 2017 • D

Pakistan 70.8 2017 • pLibya 70.1 2017 • pMyanmar 69.8 2017 • LEquatorial Guinea 67.2 2017 • 5Congo, Rep. 66.2 2017 • LCôte d’Ivoire 65.6 2017 • DKenya 63.8 2017 • LSolomon Islands 62.9 2017 • LBotswana 62.8 2017 • DVanuatu 62.8 2017 • LSenegal 61.7 2017 • 5Cameroon 61.4 2017 • DDjibouti 60.2 2017 • 5Sudan 56.5 2017 • LThe Gambia 56.2 2017 • 5Papua New Guinea 54.4 2017 • LNigeria 54.4 2017 • pNamibia 52.5 2017 • 5Eritrea 48.4 2017 • 5Togo 48.0 2017 • 5Ethiopia 44.3 2017 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 43.9 2017 • DHaiti 43.8 2017 • 5Mali 43.1 2017 • DBenin 43.1 2017 • DMauritania 42.9 2017 • 5Angola 41.9 2017 • DZimbabwe 40.4 2017 • DZambia 40.3 2017 • DGuinea 35.4 2017 • 5Rwanda 34.1 2017 • DLesotho 33.7 2017 • 5Somalia 32.9 2017 • 5Tanzania 32.8 2017 • D


Mozambique 27.4 2017 • 5Guinea-Bissau 26.0 2017 • DBurkina Faso 25.5 2017 • 5South Sudan 25.4 2017 • DMadagascar 24.1 2017 • 5Sierra Leone 23.4 2017 • 5Uganda 22.0 2017 • 5Liberia 21.5 2017 • DNiger 20.0 2017 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 19.1 2017 • 5Malawi 12.7 2017 • 5Chad 10.9 2017 • 5Burundi 9.3 2017 • 5

Albania 100.0 2017 • LAlgeria 100.0 2017 • LAndorra 100.0 2017 • LAntigua and Barbuda 100.0 2017 • LArgentina 100.0 2017 • LArmenia 100.0 2017 • LAustralia 100.0 2017 • LAustria 100.0 2017 • LAzerbaijan 100.0 2017 • LThe Bahamas 100.0 2017 • LBahrain 100.0 2017 • LBarbados 100.0 2017 • LBelarus 100.0 2017 • LBelgium 100.0 2017 • L


Brazil 100.0 2017 • LBrunei Darussalam 100.0 2017 • LBulgaria 100.0 2017 • LCanada 100.0 2017 • LChile 100.0 2017 • LChina 100.0 2017 • LCroatia 100.0 2017 • LCuba 100.0 2017 • LCyprus 100.0 2017 • LCzech Republic 100.0 2017 • LDenmark 100.0 2017 • LDominica 100.0 2017 • LDominican Republic 100.0 2017 • LEcuador 100.0 2017 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 100.0 2017 • LEstonia 100.0 2017 • LFinland 100.0 2017 • LFrance 100.0 2017 • LGeorgia 100.0 2017 • LGermany 100.0 2017 • LGreece 100.0 2017 • LHungary 100.0 2017 • LIceland 100.0 2017 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 100.0 2017 • LIraq 100.0 2017 • LIreland 100.0 2017 • LIsrael 100.0 2017 • LItaly 100.0 2017 • LJapan 100.0 2017 • LJordan 100.0 2017 • LKazakhstan 100.0 2017 • LKorea, Rep. 100.0 2017 • LKuwait 100.0 2017 • L

Kyrgyz Republic 100.0 2017 • LLatvia 100.0 2017 • LLebanon 100.0 2017 • LLiechtenstein 100.0 2017 • LLithuania 100.0 2017 • LLuxembourg 100.0 2017 • LMalaysia 100.0 2017 • LMalta 100.0 2017 • LMexico 100.0 2017 • LMoldova 100.0 2017 • LMonaco 100.0 2017 • LMontenegro 100.0 2017 • LMorocco 100.0 2017 • LNetherlands 100.0 2017 • LNew Zealand 100.0 2017 • LNorth Macedonia 100.0 2017 • LNorway 100.0 2017 • LOman 100.0 2017 • LPalau 100.0 2017 • LPanama 100.0 2017 • LPoland 100.0 2017 • LPortugal 100.0 2017 • LQatar 100.0 2017 • LRomania 100.0 2017 • LRussian Federation 100.0 2017 • LSan Marino 100.0 2017 • LSaudi Arabia 100.0 2017 • LSerbia 100.0 2017 • LSeychelles 100.0 2017 • LSingapore 100.0 2017 • LSlovak Republic 100.0 2017 • LSlovenia 100.0 2017 • LSpain 100.0 2017 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 100.0 2017 • L


Sweden 100.0 2017 • LSwitzerland 100.0 2017 • LThailand 100.0 2017 • LTrinidad and Tobago 100.0 2017 • LTunisia 100.0 2017 • LTurkey 100.0 2017 • LTurkmenistan 100.0 2017 • LTuvalu 100.0 2017 • LUkraine 100.0 2017 • LUnited Arab Emirates 100.0 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 100.0 2017 • LUnited States 100.0 2017 • LUruguay 100.0 2017 • L






Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%)

The percentage of the population primarily using clean cooking fuels and technologies for cooking. Under WHO guidelines, kerosene is excluded from clean cooking fuels.Source: SE4All (2020) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)

Kyrgyz Republic 81.3 2016 • LTajikistan 80.4 2016 • LCuba 79.4 2016 • LGabon 79.1 2016 • LGeorgia 77.8 2016 • LAlbania 77.4 2016 • LSerbia 76.4 2016 • LPeru 75.1 2016 • LGuyana 74.5 2016 • LThailand 74.4 2016 • 5Cabo Verde 71.1 2016 • DMontenegro 69.4 2016 • DVietnam 66.9 2016 • LParaguay 66.2 2016 • DNorth Macedonia 65.6 2016 • DMarshall Islands 65.4 2016 • DYemen, Rep. 64.9 2016 • 5Botswana 64.1 2016 • DBolivia 64.0 2016 • p


China 59.3 2016 • 5Tonga 59.2 2016 • 5Indonesia 58.4 2016 • LHonduras 53.1 2016 • DBhutan 52.5 2016 • 5Nicaragua 52.3 2016 • DTuvalu 50.4 2016 • DEswatini 49.7 2016 • DAngola 48.1 2016 • 5Mauritania 46.6 2016 • 5Guatemala 45.2 2016 • 5Pakistan 43.3 2016 • 5Philippines 43.2 2016 • 5Mongolia 42.8 2016 • DNamibia 42.2 2016 • 5Sudan 41.3 2016 • DIndia 41.0 2016 • 5Fiji 39.6 2016 • 5Lesotho 35.6 2016 • 5Equatorial Guinea 34.4 2016 • 5Afghanistan 32.4 2016 • DSamoa 32.3 2016 • 5Senegal 31.7 2016 • 5Zimbabwe 29.1 2016 • pNepal 27.6 2016 • 5Sri Lanka 26.3 2016 • 5Congo, Rep. 24.1 2016 • 5Cameroon 23.0 2016 • 5

Ghana 21.7 2016 • 5Myanmar 18.4 2016 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 18.2 2016 • pBangladesh 17.7 2016 • 5Cambodia 17.7 2016 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 16.8 2016 • pZambia 16.4 2016 • 5Eritrea 16.3 2016 • 5Papua New Guinea 13.4 2016 • 5Kenya 13.4 2016 • 5Vanuatu 12.6 2016 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 12.0 2016 • 5Djibouti 11.5 2016 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 10.8 2016 • 5Comoros 9.3 2016 • 5Burkina Faso 8.9 2016 • 5Solomon Islands 8.5 2016 • 5Timor-Leste 6.9 2016 • 5Togo 6.7 2016 • 5Benin 6.4 2016 • 5Lao PDR 5.6 2016 • 5Kiribati 5.5 2016 • 5Nigeria 4.9 2016 • 5Haiti 4.3 2016 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 4.0 2016 • 5Mozambique 3.7 2016 • 5Ethiopia 3.5 2016 • 5The Gambia 3.3 2016 • 5Chad 3.1 2016 • pMalawi 2.5 2016 • 5Somalia 2.3 2016 • 5Tanzania 2.2 2016 • 5Niger 1.9 2016 • 5Guinea-Bissau 1.5 2016 • 5Guinea 1.2 2016 • 5Sierra Leone 1.0 2016 • 5


Mali 1.0 2016 • pMadagascar 0.9 2016 • pBurundi 0.9 2016 • 5Uganda 0.8 2016 • pLiberia 0.7 2016 • 5South Sudan 0.6 2016 • 5Rwanda 0.6 2016 • 5Lebanon NA NA • •Libya NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Turkey NA NA • •

Andorra 100.0 2016 • LAustralia 100.0 2016 • LAustria 100.0 2016 • LThe Bahamas 100.0 2016 • LBahrain 100.0 2016 • LBelgium 100.0 2016 • LBrunei Darussalam 100.0 2016 • LCanada 100.0 2016 • LCyprus 100.0 2016 • LDenmark 100.0 2016 • LFinland 100.0 2016 • LFrance 100.0 2016 • LGermany 100.0 2016 • LHungary 100.0 2016 • LIceland 100.0 2016 • LIreland 100.0 2016 • LIsrael 100.0 2016 • LItaly 100.0 2016 • LJapan 100.0 2016 • LKuwait 100.0 2016 • LLithuania 100.0 2016 • LLuxembourg 100.0 2016 • LMalta 100.0 2016 • LMonaco 100.0 2016 • LNetherlands 100.0 2016 • LNew Zealand 100.0 2016 • LNorway 100.0 2016 • LPoland 100.0 2016 • LPortugal 100.0 2016 • LSan Marino 100.0 2016 • LSingapore 100.0 2016 • LSpain 100.0 2016 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 100.0 2016 • LSweden 100.0 2016 • LSwitzerland 100.0 2016 • LUnited Kingdom 100.0 2016 • LUnited States 100.0 2016 • LBarbados 99.4 2016 • LTurkmenistan 99.3 2016 • LTrinidad and Tobago 99.3 2016 • LTunisia 99.1 2016 • LJordan 99.1 2016 • LSyrian Arab Republic 99.0 2016 • LAntigua and Barbuda 98.8 2016 • LUnited Arab Emirates 98.5 2016 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 98.5 2016 • LQatar 98.5 2016 • LArgentina 98.4 2016 • LRussian Federation 98.3 2016 • L

Belarus 98.2 2016 • LUruguay 98.0 2016 • LIraq 97.6 2016 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 97.6 2016 • LSt. Lucia 97.2 2016 • LCzech Republic 97.1 2016 • LArmenia 96.9 2016 • LMorocco 96.8 2016 • LKorea, Rep. 96.7 2016 • LGrenada 96.6 2016 • LSlovak Republic 96.6 2016 • LMalaysia 96.3 2016 • LSlovenia 96.2 2016 • LVenezuela, RB 96.2 2016 • L


Saudi Arabia 96.0 2016 • LUkraine 95.7 2016 • LBrazil 95.6 2016 • LEcuador 95.6 2016 • LAzerbaijan 95.5 2016 • LKazakhstan 95.3 2016 • LLatvia 95.3 2016 • LOman 95.2 2016 • LGreece 94.3 2016 • LMaldives 93.8 2016 • LCosta Rica 93.5 2016 • LMauritius 93.3 2016 • LEstonia 92.9 2016 • LCroatia 92.7 2016 • LAlgeria 92.6 2016 • LChile 92.3 2016 • LMoldova 92.2 2016 • LUzbekistan 92.1 2016 • LColombia 91.8 2016 • LNauru 91.3 2016 • LDominica 90.6 2016 • LJamaica 90.5 2016 • LDominican Republic 90.4 2016 • LSeychelles 90.4 2016 • LSuriname 89.6 2016 • LPanama 89.0 2016 • LBulgaria 88.7 2016 • LPalau 86.9 2016 • LEl Salvador 86.0 2016 • LRomania 85.9 2016 • LBelize 85.4 2016 • LMexico 85.4 2016 • LSouth Africa 84.8 2016 • L






CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion for electricity and heating per total electricity output (MtCO₂/TWh)

A measure of the carbon intensity of energy production, calculated by dividing CO₂ emissions from the combustion of fuel by electricity output.Source: IEA (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Sri Lanka 1.5 2017 • 5Gabon 1.5 2017 • LUnited Arab Emirates 1.6 2017 • 5Australia 1.6 2017 • 5Eritrea 1.6 2017 • 5Cambodia 1.6 2017 • LMoldova 1.6 2017 • 5Kenya 1.6 2017 • 5Saudi Arabia 1.6 2017 • DBelarus 1.7 2017 • DJamaica 1.7 2017 • DAngola 1.7 2017 • LIraq 1.7 2017 • LBrunei Darussalam 1.7 2017 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 1.7 2017 • LSouth Africa 1.8 2017 • DAlgeria 1.8 2017 • LSenegal 1.9 2017 • 5Qatar 1.9 2017 • LPoland 1.9 2017 • 5Oman 1.9 2017 • LMorocco 2.0 2017 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 2.0 2017 • DYemen, Rep. 2.0 2017 • LIndonesia 2.1 2017 • 5Nepal 2.2 2017 • 5Bolivia 2.3 2017 • 5Namibia 2.5 2017 • 5Kazakhstan 2.6 2017 • 5Botswana 2.7 2017 • LNigeria 2.8 2017 • 5China 3.0 2017 • DSouth Sudan 3.0 2017 • DTurkmenistan 3.3 2017 • DMongolia 3.4 2017 • 5Haiti 3.4 2017 • 5Lithuania 3.5 2017 • 5Niger 3.9 2017 • LTogo 8.9 2017 • LBenin 21.7 2017 • pLuxembourg 22.5 2017 • pAfghanistan NA NA • •Andorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Barbados NA NA • •Belize NA NA • •Bhutan NA NA • •Burkina Faso NA NA • •

Burundi NA NA • •Cabo Verde NA NA • •Central African Republic NA NA • •Chad NA NA • •Comoros NA NA • •Djibouti NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Eswatini NA NA • •Fiji NA NA • •The Gambia NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Guyana NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Lao PDR NA NA • •Lesotho NA NA • •Liberia NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Madagascar NA NA • •Malawi NA NA • •Maldives NA NA • •Mali NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Mauritania NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Papua New Guinea NA NA • •Rwanda NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •São Tomé and Príncipe NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Sierra Leone NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •Somalia NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •Uganda NA NA • •Vanuatu NA NA • •

Iceland 0.1 2017 • LParaguay 0.1 2017 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 0.2 2017 • LSweden 0.2 2017 • LNorway 0.2 2017 • LTajikistan 0.3 2017 • LZambia 0.4 2017 • LUruguay 0.4 2017 • LMozambique 0.5 2017 • LFrance 0.6 2017 • LKyrgyz Republic 0.6 2017 • LSwitzerland 0.6 2017 • LFinland 0.7 2017 • LCosta Rica 0.7 2017 • LArmenia 0.7 2017 • LCameroon 0.7 2017 • LBrazil 0.7 2017 • LNew Zealand 0.8 2017 • LGeorgia 0.8 2017 • LCanada 0.9 2017 • LCongo, Rep. 0.9 2017 • LSlovenia 0.9 2017 • LPanama 0.9 2017 • LLatvia 0.9 2017 • LMontenegro 0.9 2017 • LPortugal 0.9 2017 • LEthiopia 1.0 2017 • LSingapore 1.0 2017 • LPeru 1.0 2017 • LAlbania 1.0 2017 • LMalta 1.0 2017 • LSpain 1.0 2017 • LIsrael 1.0 2017 • LBulgaria 1.0 2017 • pGhana 1.0 2017 • LDenmark 1.0 2017 • LColombia 1.0 2017 • LAustria 1.0 2017 • LCôte d’Ivoire 1.1 2017 • LHonduras 1.1 2017 • 5Suriname 1.1 2017 • 5El Salvador 1.1 2017 • pBahrain 1.1 2017 • LVenezuela, RB 1.1 2017 • LVietnam 1.1 2017 • 5Belgium 1.1 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 1.1 2017 • LChile 1.1 2017 • 5Korea, Rep. 1.1 2017 • 5

Bangladesh 1.1 2017 • LItaly 1.1 2017 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 1.1 2017 • DJapan 1.1 2017 • DNicaragua 1.2 2017 • 5Romania 1.2 2017 • 5Germany 1.2 2017 • LUnited States 1.2 2017 • LUkraine 1.2 2017 • LDominican Republic 1.2 2017 • 5Ecuador 1.2 2017 • LGreece 1.2 2017 • LLibya 1.2 2017 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 1.2 2017 • LIreland 1.2 2017 • LSudan 1.2 2017 • 5Slovak Republic 1.2 2017 • 5Guatemala 1.3 2017 • 5Czech Republic 1.3 2017 • 5Estonia 1.3 2017 • LJordan 1.3 2017 • LKuwait 1.3 2017 • DArgentina 1.3 2017 • LZimbabwe 1.3 2017 • 5Tanzania 1.3 2017 • LSyrian Arab Republic 1.3 2017 • 5Turkey 1.3 2017 • 5Azerbaijan 1.3 2017 • 5Serbia 1.3 2017 • 5Cyprus 1.3 2017 • DCuba 1.4 2017 • LMalaysia 1.4 2017 • LTunisia 1.4 2017 • 5Thailand 1.4 2017 • LUzbekistan 1.4 2017 • LMauritius 1.4 2017 • 5Myanmar 1.4 2017 • 5Netherlands 1.4 2017 • LNorth Macedonia 1.4 2017 • DPhilippines 1.4 2017 • 5Lebanon 1.4 2017 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.4 2017 • 5

Croatia 1.4 2017 • 5Pakistan 1.5 2017 • 5Mexico 1.5 2017 • DHungary 1.5 2017 • 5Russian Federation 1.5 2017 • DIndia 1.5 2017 • L






Share of renewable energy in total primary energy supply (%)(OECD Member States)

The share of renewable energy in the total primary energy supply. Renewables include the primary energy equivalent of hydro (excluding pumped storage), geothermal, solar, wind, tide and wave sources. Energy derived from solid biofuels, biogasoline, biodiesels, other liquid biofuels, biogases and the renewable fraction of municipal waste are also included.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Iceland 88.7 2018 • LNorway 47.1 2018 • LNew Zealand 41.8 2018 • LLatvia 40.0 2018 • LSweden 37.8 2018 • LFinland 33.8 2018 • LDenmark 33.4 2018 • LAustria 29.4 2018 • LChile 27.6 2018 • LPortugal 24.7 2018 • LSwitzerland 21.5 2018 • LLithuania 19.3 2018 • LEstonia 19.2 2018 • LItaly 17.9 2018 • pSlovenia 16.8 2018 • pCanada 16.4 2018 • pSpain 14.6 2018 • pGermany 14.1 2018 • L

Turkey 13.1 2018 • LGreece 13.0 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 11.5 2018 • LHungary 10.6 2018 • pFrance 10.5 2018 • DCzech Republic 10.3 2018 • 5Ireland 10.3 2018 • DMexico 9.0 2018 • 5Slovak Republic 8.9 2018 • pPoland 8.2 2018 • pBelgium 7.9 2018 • 5United States 7.8 2018 • 5Luxembourg 7.5 2018 • DAustralia 6.9 2018 • 5Netherlands 6.4 2018 • 5Japan 5.9 2018 • 5Israel 2.6 2018 • 5Korea, Rep. 1.9 2018 • 5






Adjusted GDP growth (%) The growth rate of GDP adjusted to income levels (where rich countries are expected to grow less) and expressed relative to the US growth performance. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy, plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products.Source: World Bank (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

St. Lucia -2.2 2018 • •St. Kitts and Nevis -2.2 2018 • •Belarus -2.3 2018 • •Mexico -2.3 2018 • •Iraq -2.4 2018 • •Nepal -2.4 2018 • •Rwanda -2.5 2018 • •Brunei Darussalam -2.6 2018 • •Saudi Arabia -2.6 2018 • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines -2.6 2018 • •El Salvador -2.7 2018 • •Kenya -2.7 2018 • •The Bahamas -2.8 2018 • •Honduras -2.9 2018 • •Tanzania -3.0 2018 • •Barbados -3.0 2018 • •Colombia -3.2 2018 • •Samoa -3.2 2018 • •Morocco -3.2 2018 • •Tunisia -3.2 2018 • •Eswatini -3.3 2018 • •Marshall Islands -3.3 2018 • •Bahrain -3.4 2018 • •Burkina Faso -3.5 2018 • •Jamaica -3.5 2018 • •Guatemala -3.6 2018 • •Kyrgyz Republic -3.6 2018 • •Tonga -3.7 2018 • •Algeria -3.7 2018 • •Tuvalu -3.7 2018 • •Benin -3.8 2018 • •Zimbabwe -3.8 2018 • •Oman -3.9 2018 • •Kuwait -3.9 2018 • •Palau -4.1 2018 • •Guinea-Bissau -4.2 2018 • •Mali -4.3 2018 • •São Tomé and Príncipe -4.3 2018 • •South Africa -4.3 2018 • •Cameroon -4.4 2018 • •Togo -4.6 2018 • •Lebanon -4.6 2018 • •Brazil -4.7 2018 • •Nicaragua -4.7 2018 • •Jordan -4.7 2018 • •Sierra Leone -4.7 2018 • •Argentina -4.8 2018 • •Vanuatu -4.9 2018 • •

Ecuador -4.9 2018 • •Zambia -5.0 2018 • •The Gambia -5.0 2018 • •Comoros -5.0 2018 • •Central African Republic -5.0 2018 • •Azerbaijan -5.0 2018 • •Gabon -5.0 2018 • •Dominica -5.1 2018 • •Belize -5.2 2018 • •Suriname -5.3 2018 • •Papua New Guinea -5.3 2018 • •Madagascar -5.4 2018 • •Kiribati -5.5 2018 • •Solomon Islands -5.5 2018 • •Uganda -5.6 2018 • •Mauritania -5.6 2018 • •Sudan -5.7 2018 • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. -5.7 2018 • •Trinidad and Tobago -5.9 2018 • •Namibia -6.0 2018 • •Lesotho -6.1 2018 • •Niger -6.2 2018 • •Mozambique -6.5 2018 • •Malawi -6.7 2018 • •Haiti -6.7 2018 • •Nigeria -7.2 2018 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. -7.2 2018 • •Afghanistan -7.3 2018 • •Timor-Leste -8.5 2018 • •Liberia -9.1 2018 • •Congo, Rep. -9.1 2018 • •Angola -9.6 2018 • •Burundi -10.7 2018 • •Chad -11.8 2018 • •Equatorial Guinea -12.8 2018 • •Yemen, Rep. -15.8 2018 • •Andorra NA NA • •Cuba NA NA • •Djibouti NA NA • •Eritrea NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Somalia NA NA • •South Sudan NA NA • •Syrian Arab Republic NA NA • •Venezuela, RB NA NA • •

Libya 5.1 2018 • •Romania 4.4 2018 • •Ireland 3.3 2018 • •Montenegro 2.9 2018 • •Lithuania 2.7 2018 • •China 2.6 2018 • •Estonia 2.6 2018 • •Nauru 2.4 2018 • •Latvia 2.2 2018 • •Cyprus 2.2 2018 • •Slovenia 2.1 2018 • •Iceland 1.9 2018 • •Singapore 1.8 2018 • •Malta 1.5 2018 • •Czech Republic 1.5 2018 • •Croatia 1.5 2018 • •India 1.4 2018 • •Antigua and Barbuda 1.4 2018 • •Dominican Republic 1.4 2018 • •Bulgaria 1.4 2018 • •Turkmenistan 1.1 2018 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.0 2018 • •Malaysia 0.9 2018 • •Vietnam 0.8 2018 • •Poland 0.8 2018 • •Hungary 0.7 2018 • •Denmark 0.7 2018 • •Mauritius 0.7 2018 • •Bangladesh 0.6 2018 • •Finland 0.6 2018 • •Myanmar 0.6 2018 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.5 2018 • •Luxembourg 0.5 2018 • •Philippines 0.5 2018 • •Netherlands 0.3 2018 • •Seychelles 0.3 2018 • •Spain 0.3 2018 • •North Macedonia 0.2 2018 • •Lao PDR 0.2 2018 • •Italy 0.2 2018 • •Thailand 0.1 2018 • •Australia 0.0 2018 • •Austria 0.0 2018 • •Georgia 0.0 2018 • •United States 0.0 2018 • •Germany 0.0 2018 • •Israel -0.1 2018 • •Panama -0.1 2018 • •

Serbia -0.1 2018 • •Belgium -0.1 2018 • •Cambodia -0.1 2018 • •Indonesia -0.1 2018 • •Grenada -0.2 2018 • •Korea, Rep. -0.2 2018 • •Slovak Republic -0.3 2018 • •Portugal -0.3 2018 • •France -0.3 2018 • •Armenia -0.4 2018 • •Guinea -0.4 2018 • •Norway -0.6 2018 • •Russian Federation -0.6 2018 • •Bhutan -0.6 2018 • •Moldova -0.6 2018 • •Côte d’Ivoire -0.7 2018 • •Sweden -0.8 2018 • •United Arab Emirates -0.8 2018 • •Paraguay -0.9 2018 • •New Zealand -1.0 2018 • •Fiji -1.0 2018 • •Kazakhstan -1.1 2018 • •Ethiopia -1.1 2018 • •Switzerland -1.1 2018 • •Costa Rica -1.1 2018 • •Albania -1.1 2018 • •Canada -1.2 2018 • •Uzbekistan -1.2 2018 • •Chile -1.2 2018 • •United Kingdom -1.2 2018 • •Mongolia -1.2 2018 • •Greece -1.3 2018 • •Sri Lanka -1.3 2018 • •Ukraine -1.3 2018 • •Tajikistan -1.3 2018 • •Maldives -1.4 2018 • •Qatar -1.4 2018 • •Uruguay -1.4 2018 • •Turkey -1.5 2018 • •Cabo Verde -1.5 2018 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. -1.6 2018 • •Botswana -1.6 2018 • •Pakistan -1.8 2018 • •Ghana -1.9 2018 • •Guyana -1.9 2018 • •Peru -2.0 2018 • •Japan -2.0 2018 • •Bolivia -2.0 2018 • •Senegal -2.0 2018 • •






Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population)

Estimation of the number of people in modern slavery. Modern slavery is defined as people in forced labor or forced marriage. It is calculated based on standardized surveys and Multiple Systems Estimation (MSE).Source: Walk Free Foundation (2018) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Lithuania 5.8 2018 • •The Gambia 5.8 2018 • •Montenegro 5.9 2018 • •Côte d’Ivoire 5.9 2018 • •Nepal 6.0 2018 • •Croatia 6.0 2018 • •India 6.1 2018 • •Ethiopia 6.2 2018 • •Tanzania 6.2 2018 • •Equatorial Guinea 6.4 2018 • •Ukraine 6.4 2018 • •Turkey 6.5 2018 • •Zimbabwe 6.7 2018 • •Niger 6.7 2018 • •Togo 6.8 2018 • •Cameroon 6.9 2018 • •Albania 6.9 2018 • •Malaysia 6.9 2018 • •Kenya 6.9 2018 • •Djibouti 7.1 2018 • •Angola 7.2 2018 • •Liberia 7.4 2018 • •Guinea-Bissau 7.5 2018 • •Malawi 7.5 2018 • •Madagascar 7.5 2018 • •Uganda 7.6 2018 • •Timor-Leste 7.7 2018 • •Philippines 7.7 2018 • •Guinea 7.8 2018 • •Greece 7.9 2018 • •Congo, Rep. 8.0 2018 • •North Macedonia 8.7 2018 • •Eswatini 8.8 2018 • •Thailand 8.9 2018 • •Lao PDR 9.4 2018 • •Papua New Guinea 10.3 2018 • •Belarus 10.9 2018 • •Brunei Darussalam 10.9 2018 • •Myanmar 11.0 2018 • •Turkmenistan 11.2 2018 • •Rwanda 11.6 2018 • •Chad 12.0 2018 • •Sudan 12.0 2018 • •Mongolia 12.3 2018 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 13.7 2018 • •Somalia 15.5 2018 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 16.2 2018 • •Cambodia 16.8 2018 • •Mauritania 21.4 2018 • •

Afghanistan 22.2 2018 • •Central African Republic 22.3 2018 • •Burundi 40.0 2018 • •Eritrea 93.0 2018 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. 104.6 2018 • •Andorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Bahrain * NA NA • •Belize NA NA • •Bhutan NA NA • •Comoros NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Fiji NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Iraq * NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Kuwait * NA NA • •Libya * NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Maldives NA NA • •Malta NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Nigeria * NA NA • •Oman * NA NA • •Pakistan * NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Qatar * NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •São Tomé and Príncipe NA NA • •Saudi Arabia * NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •South Sudan * NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Syrian Arab Republic* NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •United Arab Emirates* NA NA • •Vanuatu NA NA • •Yemen, Rep. * NA NA • •

Japan 0.3 2018 • •Canada 0.5 2018 • •New Zealand 0.6 2018 • •Australia 0.6 2018 • •Chile 0.8 2018 • •Mauritius 1.0 2018 • •Uruguay 1.0 2018 • •Costa Rica 1.3 2018 • •United States 1.3 2018 • •Argentina 1.3 2018 • •Luxembourg 1.5 2018 • •Sweden 1.6 2018 • •Paraguay 1.6 2018 • •Denmark 1.6 2018 • •Finland 1.7 2018 • •Ireland 1.7 2018 • •Switzerland 1.7 2018 • •Lebanon 1.7 2018 • •Austria 1.7 2018 • •Netherlands 1.8 2018 • •Brazil 1.8 2018 • •Jordan 1.8 2018 • •Norway 1.8 2018 • •Korea, Rep. 1.9 2018 • •France 2.0 2018 • •Belgium 2.0 2018 • •Germany 2.0 2018 • •Panama 2.1 2018 • •United Kingdom 2.1 2018 • •Iceland 2.1 2018 • •Sri Lanka 2.1 2018 • •Bolivia 2.1 2018 • •Slovenia 2.2 2018 • •Tunisia 2.2 2018 • •Suriname 2.3 2018 • •Spain 2.3 2018 • •Ecuador 2.4 2018 • •Italy 2.4 2018 • •Morocco 2.4 2018 • •Portugal 2.5 2018 • •El Salvador 2.5 2018 • •Peru 2.6 2018 • •Jamaica 2.6 2018 • •Guyana 2.6 2018 • •Algeria 2.7 2018 • •Mexico 2.7 2018 • •Colombia 2.7 2018 • •Barbados 2.7 2018 • •China 2.8 2018 • •

South Africa 2.8 2018 • •Senegal 2.9 2018 • •Czech Republic 2.9 2018 • •Nicaragua 2.9 2018 • •Guatemala 2.9 2018 • •Slovak Republic 2.9 2018 • •Trinidad and Tobago 3.0 2018 • •Namibia 3.3 2018 • •Serbia 3.3 2018 • •Poland 3.4 2018 • •Honduras 3.4 2018 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.4 2018 • •Singapore 3.4 2018 • •Botswana 3.4 2018 • •Mali 3.6 2018 • •Estonia 3.6 2018 • •Hungary 3.7 2018 • •Bangladesh 3.7 2018 • •Cuba 3.8 2018 • •Israel 3.9 2018 • •Latvia 3.9 2018 • •Dominican Republic 4.0 2018 • •Cabo Verde 4.1 2018 • •Kyrgyz Republic 4.1 2018 • •Lesotho 4.2 2018 • •Kazakhstan 4.2 2018 • •Cyprus 4.2 2018 • •Romania 4.3 2018 • •Georgia 4.3 2018 • •Azerbaijan 4.5 2018 • •Bulgaria 4.5 2018 • •Vietnam 4.5 2018 • •Burkina Faso 4.5 2018 • •Tajikistan 4.5 2018 • •Indonesia 4.7 2018 • •Gabon 4.8 2018 • •Ghana 4.8 2018 • •Sierra Leone 5.0 2018 • •Uzbekistan 5.2 2018 • •Armenia 5.3 2018 • •Mozambique 5.4 2018 • •Benin 5.5 2018 • •Moldova 5.5 2018 • •Russian Federation 5.5 2018 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 5.5 2018 • •Haiti 5.6 2018 • •Venezuela, RB 5.6 2018 • •Zambia 5.7 2018 • •






Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over)

The percentage of adults, 15 years and older, who report having an account (by themselves or with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution, or who have personally used a mobile money service within the past 12 months.Source: Demirguc-Kunt et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Lebanon 44.8 2017 • pGuatemala 44.1 2017 • 5Moldova 43.8 2017 • LBurkina Faso 43.2 2017 • LAlgeria 42.8 2017 • pPeru 42.6 2017 • LJordan 42.5 2017 • LSenegal 42.3 2017 • LMozambique 41.7 2017 • •Côte d’Ivoire 41.3 2017 • DTurkmenistan 40.6 2017 • •Albania 40.0 2017 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 39.9 2017 • LNigeria 39.7 2017 • pSomalia 38.7 2014 • •Benin 38.5 2017 • LUzbekistan 37.1 2017 • pMexico 36.9 2017 • pTunisia 36.9 2017 • DLiberia 35.7 2017 • •Mali 35.4 2017 • LEthiopia 34.8 2017 • LCameroon 34.6 2017 • LPhilippines 34.5 2017 • 5Malawi 33.7 2017 • LBhutan 33.7 2014 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 32.8 2017 • LHaiti 32.6 2017 • LNicaragua 30.9 2017 • LVietnam 30.8 2017 • pEl Salvador 30.4 2017 • pAngola 29.3 2014 • •Lao PDR 29.1 2017 • •Morocco 28.6 2017 • •Azerbaijan 28.6 2017 • pEswatini 28.6 2011 • •Congo, Rep. 26.1 2017 • DMyanmar 26.0 2017 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 25.8 2017 • DGuinea 23.5 2017 • LSyrian Arab Republic 23.3 2011 • •Iraq 22.7 2017 • DChad 21.8 2017 • DComoros 21.7 2011 • •Cambodia 21.7 2017 • pPakistan 21.3 2017 • DMauritania 20.9 2017 • pSierra Leone 19.8 2017 • 5Madagascar 17.9 2017 • D

Niger 15.5 2017 • DSudan 15.3 2014 • •Afghanistan 14.9 2017 • 5

Central African Republic 13.7 2017 • •Djibouti 12.3 2011 • •South Sudan 8.6 2017 • •Burundi 7.1 2014 • •Yemen, Rep. 6.4 2014 • •Andorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Barbados NA NA • •Brunei Darussalam NA NA • •Cabo Verde NA NA • •Cuba NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Eritrea NA NA • •Fiji NA NA • •The Gambia NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Guyana NA NA • •Iceland NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Maldives NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Papua New Guinea NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •São Tomé and Príncipe NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Suriname NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •Vanuatu NA NA • •

Denmark 99.9 2017 • LFinland 99.8 2017 • LNorway 99.7 2017 • LSweden 99.7 2017 • LCanada 99.7 2017 • LNetherlands 99.6 2017 • LAustralia 99.5 2017 • LNew Zealand 99.2 2017 • LGermany 99.1 2017 • LLuxembourg 98.8 2017 • LBelgium 98.6 2017 • LSwitzerland 98.4 2017 • LJapan 98.2 2017 • LAustria 98.2 2017 • LEstonia 98.0 2017 • LSingapore 97.9 2017 • LSlovenia 97.5 2017 • LMalta 97.4 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 96.4 2017 • LIreland 95.3 2017 • LKorea, Rep. 94.9 2017 • LFrance 94.0 2017 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 94.0 2017 • LItaly 93.8 2017 • LSpain 93.8 2017 • LLatvia 93.2 2017 • LUnited States 93.1 2017 • LMongolia 93.0 2017 • LIsrael 92.8 2017 • LPortugal 92.3 2017 • LMauritius 89.8 2017 • LCyprus 88.7 2017 • LUnited Arab Emirates 88.2 2017 • LPoland 86.7 2017 • LCroatia 86.1 2017 • LGreece 85.5 2017 • LMalaysia 85.3 2017 • LSlovak Republic 84.2 2017 • LLithuania 82.9 2017 • LBahrain 82.6 2017 • LThailand 81.6 2017 • LKenya 81.6 2017 • LBelarus 81.2 2017 • LCzech Republic 81.0 2017 • LTrinidad and Tobago 80.8 2017 • •Namibia 80.6 2017 • LChina 80.2 2017 • LIndia 79.9 2017 • LKuwait 79.8 2017 • L

Jamaica 78.5 2014 • •North Macedonia 76.6 2017 • LRussian Federation 75.8 2017 • LHungary 74.9 2017 • LChile 74.3 2017 • LSri Lanka 73.6 2017 • pOman 73.6 2011 • •Venezuela, RB 73.5 2017 • LBulgaria 72.2 2017 • LSaudi Arabia 71.7 2017 • LSerbia 71.4 2017 • pBrazil 70.0 2017 • DSouth Africa 69.2 2017 • pTurkey 68.6 2017 • LMontenegro 68.4 2017 • LCosta Rica 67.8 2017 • LQatar 65.9 2011 • •Libya 65.7 2017 • •Uruguay 63.9 2017 • LUkraine 62.9 2017 • LGeorgia 61.2 2017 • LUganda 59.2 2017 • L


Kazakhstan 58.7 2017 • DGabon 58.6 2017 • LRomania 57.8 2017 • pGhana 57.7 2017 • LDominican Republic 56.2 2017 • 5Zimbabwe 55.3 2017 • LBolivia 54.4 2017 • LEcuador 51.2 2017 • DBotswana 51.0 2017 • pBangladesh 50.0 2017 • LRwanda 50.0 2017 • LIndonesia 48.9 2017 • LArgentina 48.7 2017 • pParaguay 48.6 2017 • •Belize 48.2 2014 • •Armenia 47.8 2017 • LTajikistan 47.0 2017 • LTanzania 46.8 2017 • DPanama 46.5 2017 • 5Zambia 45.9 2017 • LColombia 45.8 2017 • DLesotho 45.6 2017 • •Nepal 45.4 2017 • LHonduras 45.3 2017 • LTogo 45.3 2017 • L






Unemployment rate (% of total labor force)(Non OECD Member States)

Modeled estimate of the share of the labor force that is without work but is available and actively seeking employment. The indicator reflects the inability of an economy to generate employment for people who want to work but are not doing so.Source: ILO (2020) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available year)

Morocco 9.0 2019 • 5The Gambia 9.1 2019 • 5Brunei Darussalam 9.1 2019 • pCongo, Rep. 9.5 2019 • 5Mauritania 9.5 2019 • 5Colombia 9.7 2019 • pArgentina 9.8 2019 • pDjibouti 10.3 2019 • 5Barbados 10.3 2019 • DThe Bahamas 10.4 2019 • DEgypt, Arab Rep. 10.8 2019 • LTajikistan 11.0 2019 • 5Afghanistan 11.1 2019 • 5Somalia 11.4 2019 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 11.4 2019 • pZambia 11.4 2019 • pAlgeria 11.7 2019 • pGuyana 11.9 2019 • 5Costa Rica 11.9 2019 • pBrazil 12.1 2019 • pSouth Sudan 12.2 2019 • 5Cabo Verde 12.2 2019 • pAlbania 12.3 2019 • LSerbia 12.7 2019 • LIraq 12.8 2019 • pYemen, Rep. 12.9 2019 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 13.4 2019 • 5Haiti 13.8 2019 • 5Georgia 14.4 2019 • DJordan 14.7 2019 • pMontenegro 14.9 2019 • DTunisia 16.0 2019 • pSudan 16.5 2019 • 5Armenia 17.0 2019 • 5North Macedonia 17.8 2019 • LBotswana 18.2 2019 • p


Libya 18.6 2019 • 5


Gabon 20.0 2019 • 5Namibia 20.3 2019 • 5St. Lucia 20.7 2019 • DEswatini 22.1 2019 • 5Lesotho 23.4 2019 • 5South Africa 28.2 2019 • pAndorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •

Dominica NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Qatar 0.1 2019 • LNiger 0.5 2019 • LSolomon Islands 0.6 2019 • LLao PDR 0.6 2019 • LCambodia 0.7 2019 • LBahrain 0.7 2019 • LThailand 0.8 2019 • LRwanda 1.0 2019 • LTonga 1.1 2019 • LNepal 1.4 2019 • LBurundi 1.4 2019 • LMyanmar 1.6 2019 • LCuba 1.6 2019 • LMadagascar 1.8 2019 • LUganda 1.8 2019 • LChad 1.9 2019 • LTanzania 2.0 2019 • LVietnam 2.0 2019 • LTogo 2.0 2019 • LEthiopia 2.1 2019 • LPhilippines 2.2 2019 • LKuwait 2.2 2019 • LBenin 2.2 2019 • LBhutan 2.3 2019 • LUnited Arab Emirates 2.3 2019 • LGuatemala 2.5 2019 • LPapua New Guinea 2.5 2019 • LGuinea-Bissau 2.5 2019 • LKenya 2.6 2019 • LOman 2.7 2019 • LTrinidad and Tobago 2.7 2019 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 2.7 2019 • LLiberia 2.8 2019 • LMozambique 3.2 2019 • LPeru 3.3 2019 • LCôte d'Ivoire 3.3 2019 • LMalaysia 3.3 2019 • LCameroon 3.4 2019 • LMalta 3.5 2019 • LBolivia 3.5 2019 • L


Panama 3.9 2019 • LTurkmenistan 3.9 2019 • LEcuador 4.0 2019 • LRomania 4.0 2019 • LFiji 4.1 2019 • LSingapore 4.1 2019 • LEl Salvador 4.1 2019 • L

Bangladesh 4.2 2019 • LSri Lanka 4.2 2019 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 4.2 2019 • LGuinea 4.3 2019 • LChina 4.3 2019 • LGhana 4.3 2019 • LComoros 4.3 2019 • LBulgaria 4.3 2019 • LVanuatu 4.4 2019 • LSierra Leone 4.4 2019 • LPakistan 4.5 2019 • LTimor-Leste 4.5 2019 • LRussian Federation 4.6 2019 • LKazakhstan 4.6 2019 • LBelarus 4.6 2019 • LIndonesia 4.7 2019 • LParaguay 4.8 2019 • LZimbabwe 5.0 2019 • LEritrea 5.1 2019 • LIndia 5.4 2019 • LHonduras 5.4 2019 • LMoldova 5.5 2019 • pAzerbaijan 5.5 2019 • pMalawi 5.7 2019 • DDominican Republic 5.8 2019 • LUzbekistan 5.9 2019 • pSaudi Arabia 5.9 2019 • 5Mongolia 6.0 2019 • pMaldives 6.1 2019 • 5Lebanon 6.2 2019 • 5Burkina Faso 6.3 2019 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 6.3 2019 • LBelize 6.4 2019 • LEquatorial Guinea 6.4 2019 • 5Senegal 6.6 2019 • 5Mauritius 6.7 2019 • LNicaragua 6.8 2019 • pAngola 6.9 2019 • DCroatia 6.9 2019 • LMali 7.2 2019 • DCyprus 7.3 2019 • LSuriname 7.3 2019 • 5Jamaica 8.0 2019 • LNigeria 8.1 2019 • pSamoa 8.4 2019 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 8.4 2019 • 5Uruguay 8.7 2019 • pVenezuela, RB 8.8 2019 • pUkraine 8.9 2019 • 5






Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population)

The number of fatal work-related accidents associated with imported goods. Calculated using extensions to a multiregional input-output table.Source: Alsamawi et al. (2017) Year of reference: 2010 (or closest available year)

Belize 0.3 2010 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 0.3 2010 • LThailand 0.3 2010 • LVanuatu 0.4 2010 • LParaguay 0.4 2010 • LRussian Federation 0.4 2010 • LLesotho 0.4 2010 • LEl Salvador 0.4 2010 • LTurkmenistan 0.4 2010 • LHungary 0.4 2010 • LBulgaria 0.4 2010 • LJordan 0.4 2010 • LPoland 0.5 2010 • LPanama 0.5 2010 • LThe Bahamas 0.5 2010 • LBhutan 0.5 2010 • LUruguay 0.5 2010 • LLatvia 0.5 2010 • LSuriname 0.5 2010 • LCosta Rica 0.5 2010 • LKenya 0.5 2010 • LSerbia 0.5 2010 • LCroatia 0.6 2010 • LTrinidad and Tobago 0.6 2010 • LLithuania 0.6 2010 • LNamibia 0.6 2010 • LEstonia 0.7 2010 • LIsrael 0.7 2010 • LSlovak Republic 0.7 2010 • LEswatini 0.7 2010 • LLebanon 0.7 2010 • LCzech Republic 0.8 2010 • LBotswana 0.8 2010 • LBarbados 0.8 2010 • LAntigua and Barbuda 0.9 2010 • LKorea, Rep. 1.0 2010 • LNew Zealand 1.0 2010 • LMalaysia 1.0 2010 • LItaly 1.0 2010 • LSlovenia 1.0 2010 • LFinland 1.0 2010 • LPortugal 1.1 2010 • LMaldives 1.1 2010 • LBahrain 1.2 2010 • LJapan 1.2 2010 • LGreece 1.3 2010 • LSweden 1.3 2010 • LBrunei Darussalam 1.3 2010 • LCyprus 1.3 2010 • L

Oman 1.3 2010 • 5Saudi Arabia 1.3 2010 • LUnited States 1.4 2010 • LMalta 1.4 2010 • LCanada 1.5 2010 • LAndorra 1.5 2010 • LMontenegro 1.5 2010 • pDenmark 1.6 2010 • LIreland 1.7 2010 • LQatar 1.7 2010 • LGermany 1.8 2010 • LSpain 1.8 2010 • LLiechtenstein 1.8 2010 • LSeychelles 1.8 2010 • LUnited Kingdom 1.8 2010 • LBelgium 1.9 2010 • LAustria 1.9 2010 • LIceland 2.0 2010 • LFrance 2.0 2010 • LMonaco 2.0 2010 • LNetherlands 2.2 2010 • LNorway 2.3 2010 • LAustralia 2.4 2010 • LSwitzerland 2.8 2010 • LMauritius 3.3 2010 • pUnited Arab Emirates 4.5 2010 • LLuxembourg 6.4 2010 • LKuwait 7.3 2010 • LSingapore 7.9 2010 • LSan Marino 10.0 2010 • pGuyana 20.1 2010 • pComoros NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Myanmar 0.0 2010 • LSudan 0.0 2010 • LSomalia 0.0 2010 • LSouth Sudan 0.0 2010 • LBelarus 0.0 2010 • LChad 0.0 2010 • LMoldova 0.0 2010 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 2010 • LNiger 0.0 2010 • L


Eritrea 0.0 2010 • LHaiti 0.0 2010 • LSierra Leone 0.0 2010 • LLiberia 0.0 2010 • LAfghanistan 0.0 2010 • LBurundi 0.0 2010 • LPakistan 0.0 2010 • LMozambique 0.0 2010 • LEthiopia 0.0 2010 • LCameroon 0.0 2010 • LGuinea 0.0 2010 • LBenin 0.0 2010 • LMali 0.0 2010 • LTogo 0.0 2010 • LMadagascar 0.0 2010 • LCôte d’Ivoire 0.0 2010 • LNigeria 0.0 2010 • LZimbabwe 0.0 2010 • LBangladesh 0.0 2010 • LBurkina Faso 0.0 2010 • LGhana 0.0 2010 • LLao PDR 0.0 2010 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 0.1 2010 • LThe Gambia 0.1 2010 • LPapua New Guinea 0.1 2010 • LSenegal 0.1 2010 • LUzbekistan 0.1 2010 • LUganda 0.1 2010 • LTanzania 0.1 2010 • LYemen, Rep. 0.1 2010 • LCambodia 0.1 2010 • LTajikistan 0.1 2010 • LSyrian Arab Republic 0.1 2010 • LMorocco 0.1 2010 • LNepal 0.1 2010 • LChina 0.1 2010 • LAzerbaijan 0.1 2010 • LZambia 0.1 2010 • L

Bolivia 0.1 2010 • LAngola 0.1 2010 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 0.1 2010 • LNicaragua 0.1 2010 • LMauritania 0.1 2010 • LRwanda 0.1 2010 • LMalawi 0.1 2010 • LIndia 0.1 2010 • LPhilippines 0.1 2010 • LGuatemala 0.1 2010 • LKyrgyz Republic 0.1 2010 • LBrazil 0.1 2010 • LEcuador 0.1 2010 • LDominican Republic 0.1 2010 • LPeru 0.1 2010 • LVietnam 0.1 2010 • LAlgeria 0.1 2010 • LArmenia 0.1 2010 • LVenezuela, RB 0.1 2010 • LIraq 0.1 2010 • LLibya 0.1 2010 • L


Indonesia 0.1 2010 • LDjibouti 0.2 2010 • LCongo, Rep. 0.2 2010 • LCuba 0.2 2010 • LUkraine 0.2 2010 • LColombia 0.2 2010 • LHonduras 0.2 2010 • LMexico 0.2 2010 • LNorth Macedonia 0.2 2010 • LTurkey 0.2 2010 • LAlbania 0.2 2010 • LJamaica 0.2 2010 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 0.2 2010 • LGabon 0.2 2010 • LRomania 0.2 2010 • LSri Lanka 0.2 2010 • LMongolia 0.2 2010 • LKazakhstan 0.3 2010 • LArgentina 0.3 2010 • LCabo Verde 0.3 2010 • LChile 0.3 2010 • LFiji 0.3 2010 • LGeorgia 0.3 2010 • LSouth Africa 0.3 2010 • LTunisia 0.3 2010 • LSamoa 0.3 2010 • L








Employment-to-population ratio (%)(OECD Member States)

The percentage of young people who are not in employment, education or training (NEET). Education includes part-time or full-time education, but exclude those in non-formal education and in educational activities of very short duration. Employment is defined according to the ILO Guidelines and covers all those who have been in paid work for at least one hour in the reference week or were temporarily absent from such work.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29)(OECD Member States)

The ratio of the employed to the working age population. Employed people are those aged 15 or older who were in paid employment or self-employed during a specified period. The working age population refers to people aged 15 to 64.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available year)

Iceland 85.1 2018 • LSwitzerland 80.5 2019 • LNetherlands 78.2 2019 • LJapan 77.7 2019 • LNew Zealand 77.4 2019 • LSweden 77.1 2019 • LGermany 76.7 2019 • LEstonia 75.3 2019 • LNorway 75.3 2019 • LUnited Kingdom 75.2 2019 • LCzech Republic 75.1 2019 • LDenmark 75.0 2019 • LCanada 74.4 2019 • LAustralia 74.3 2019 • LAustria 73.5 2019 • LLithuania 73.0 2019 • LLatvia 72.3 2019 • LFinland 72.1 2018 • L

Slovenia 71.9 2019 • LUnited States 71.4 2019 • LPortugal 70.5 2019 • LHungary 70.1 2019 • LIreland 69.6 2019 • LIsrael 68.9 2019 • LSlovak Republic 68.4 2019 • LPoland 68.2 2019 • LLuxembourg 67.9 2019 • LKorea, Rep. 66.8 2019 • LFrance 65.6 2019 • LBelgium 65.3 2019 • LSpain 63.3 2019 • LChile 62.6 2018 • LMexico 62.2 2019 • LItaly 59.1 2019 • LGreece 56.5 2019 • LTurkey 50.3 2019 • 5

Iceland 6.1 2018 • LNetherlands 7.0 2018 • LSwitzerland 8.1 2018 • •Luxembourg 8.4 2018 • LNorway 8.7 2018 • LSweden 8.9 2018 • LGermany 9.2 2018 • LSlovenia 9.7 2018 • LJapan 9.8 2014 • •Czech Republic 10.0 2018 • LNew Zealand 10.2 2018 • LLithuania 10.5 2018 • LDenmark 10.8 2018 • 5Australia 10.8 2018 • LAustria 11.1 2018 • pLatvia 11.2 2018 • LPortugal 11.6 2018 • LIreland 11.7 2018 • L

Finland 11.9 2018 • LCanada 11.9 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 12.6 2018 • LUnited States 12.7 2018 • LPoland 12.7 2018 • LEstonia 12.7 2018 • 5Belgium 12.8 2018 • LIsrael 13.3 2018 • DHungary 13.5 2018 • LSlovak Republic 15.1 2018 • LFrance 16.1 2018 • DChile 18.4 2017 • pSpain 19.1 2018 • LMexico 20.9 2018 • 5Greece 21.5 2018 • LItaly 23.9 2018 • LTurkey 26.5 2018 • DKorea, Rep. NA NA • •







Population using the internet (%) The percentage of the population who used the Internet from any location in the last three months. Access could be via a fixed or mobile network.Source: ITU (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Cabo Verde 57.2 2017 • LCuba 57.1 2017 • LNauru 57.0 2017 • •Thailand 56.8 2018 • LSouth Africa 56.2 2017 • LDjibouti 55.7 2017 • LUzbekistan 55.2 2018 • LJamaica 55.1 2017 • LChina 54.3 2017 • LPeru 52.5 2018 • LNamibia 51.0 2017 • LSt. Lucia 50.8 2017 • LFiji 50.0 2017 • LTuvalu 49.3 2017 • LAlgeria 49.0 2018 • LSuriname 48.9 2017 • LBhutan 48.1 2017 • LMongolia 47.2 2018 • LBelize 47.1 2017 • LBotswana 47.0 2017 • LEswatini 47.0 2017 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 46.9 2018 • LCôte d’Ivoire 46.8 2018 • LSenegal 46.0 2017 • LBolivia 44.3 2018 • DNigeria 42.0 2017 • LTonga 41.2 2017 • DCambodia 40.0 2018 • LIndonesia 39.9 2018 • LGhana 39.0 2017 • LMarshall Islands 38.7 2017 • LKyrgyz Republic 38.0 2017 • LGuyana 37.3 2017 • DMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 35.3 2017 • DIndia 34.5 2017 • LSyrian Arab Republic 34.3 2017 • DSri Lanka 34.1 2017 • DNepal 34.0 2017 • LEl Salvador 33.8 2017 • DSamoa 33.6 2017 • LHaiti 32.5 2018 • LHonduras 31.7 2017 • LSudan 30.9 2017 • DMyanmar 30.7 2017 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 29.9 2017 • DLesotho 29.0 2017 • DNicaragua 27.9 2017 • DTimor-Leste 27.5 2017 • DZimbabwe 27.1 2017 • D

Palau 27.0 2004 • •Yemen, Rep. 26.7 2017 • 5Equatorial Guinea 26.2 2017 • DVanuatu 25.7 2017 • DLao PDR 25.5 2017 • DTanzania 25.0 2017 • LUganda 23.7 2017 • DCameroon 23.2 2017 • D


Tajikistan 22.0 2017 • 5Rwanda 21.8 2017 • DLibya 21.8 2017 • 5Turkmenistan 21.3 2017 • DMauritania 20.8 2017 • DBenin 20.0 2017 • LThe Gambia 19.8 2017 • 5Ethiopia 18.6 2017 • DGuinea 18.0 2017 • DKenya 17.8 2017 • 5Burkina Faso 16.0 2017 • 5Pakistan 15.5 2017 • 5Bangladesh 15.0 2017 • 5Kiribati 14.6 2017 • 5Angola 14.3 2017 • pZambia 14.3 2018 • pMalawi 13.8 2017 • DAfghanistan 13.5 2017 • 5Mali 13.0 2017 • 5Togo 12.4 2017 • 5Solomon Islands 11.9 2017 • 5Papua New Guinea 11.2 2017 • 5Mozambique 10.0 2017 • 5Madagascar 9.8 2017 • 5Sierra Leone 9.0 2017 • 5Congo, Rep. 8.7 2017 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 8.6 2017 • 5Comoros 8.5 2017 • 5Liberia 8.0 2017 • 5South Sudan 8.0 2017 • 5Chad 6.5 2017 • 5Niger 5.3 2018 • 5


Guinea-Bissau 3.9 2017 • 5Burundi 2.7 2017 • 5Somalia 2.0 2017 • 5Eritrea 1.3 2017 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 2012 • •

Qatar 99.7 2018 • LKuwait 99.6 2018 • LIceland 99.0 2018 • LBahrain 98.6 2018 • LUnited Arab Emirates 98.5 2018 • LLiechtenstein 98.1 2017 • LDenmark 97.3 2018 • LLuxembourg 97.1 2018 • LMonaco 97.1 2017 • LNorway 96.5 2018 • LKorea, Rep. 96.0 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 94.9 2018 • LBrunei Darussalam 94.9 2017 • LNetherlands 94.7 2018 • LSaudi Arabia 93.3 2018 • LSweden 92.1 2018 • LAndorra 91.6 2017 • LJapan 91.3 2018 • LCanada 91.0 2017 • LNew Zealand 90.8 2017 • LGermany 89.7 2018 • LSwitzerland 89.7 2017 • LEstonia 89.4 2018 • LFinland 88.9 2018 • LBelgium 88.7 2018 • LSingapore 88.2 2018 • LAustria 87.5 2018 • LUnited States 87.3 2017 • LAustralia 86.5 2017 • LSpain 86.1 2018 • LThe Bahamas 85.0 2017 • LIreland 84.5 2018 • LCyprus 84.4 2018 • LIsrael 83.7 2018 • LLatvia 83.6 2018 • LChile 82.3 2017 • LFrance 82.0 2018 • LBarbados 81.8 2017 • LMalta 81.7 2018 • LMalaysia 81.2 2018 • LRussian Federation 80.9 2018 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 80.7 2017 • LCzech Republic 80.7 2018 • LSlovak Republic 80.7 2018 • LOman 80.2 2017 • LAzerbaijan 79.8 2018 • LSlovenia 79.8 2018 • LLithuania 79.7 2018 • LNorth Macedonia 79.2 2018 • L

Belarus 79.1 2018 • LKazakhstan 78.9 2018 • LLebanon 78.2 2017 • LPoland 77.5 2018 • LTrinidad and Tobago 77.3 2017 • LMoldova 76.1 2017 • LHungary 76.1 2018 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 76.0 2017 • LCroatia 75.3 2018 • LIraq 75.0 2018 • LDominican Republic 74.8 2018 • LUruguay 74.8 2018 • LPortugal 74.7 2018 • LItaly 74.4 2018 • LArgentina 74.3 2017 • LCosta Rica 74.1 2018 • LSerbia 73.4 2018 • LGreece 73.0 2018 • LVenezuela, RB 72.0 2017 • LAlbania 71.8 2017 • LMontenegro 71.5 2018 • LTurkey 71.0 2018 • LRomania 70.7 2018 • LBrazil 70.4 2018 • LVietnam 70.4 2018 • L


Iran, Islamic Rep. 70.0 2018 • LDominica 69.6 2017 • LJordan 66.8 2017 • LMexico 65.8 2018 • LGuatemala 65.0 2017 • LParaguay 65.0 2018 • LMorocco 64.8 2018 • LBulgaria 64.8 2018 • LArmenia 64.7 2017 • LTunisia 64.2 2018 • LColombia 64.1 2018 • LMaldives 63.2 2017 • LGeorgia 62.7 2018 • LUkraine 62.6 2018 • LGabon 62.0 2017 • LSan Marino 60.2 2017 • •Philippines 60.1 2017 • LGrenada 59.1 2017 • LSeychelles 58.8 2017 • LMauritius 58.6 2018 • LPanama 57.9 2017 • LEcuador 57.3 2017 • L






Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population)

The number of mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 population. Mobile broadband subscriptions refer to subscriptions to mobile cellular networks with access to data communications (e.g. the Internet) at broadband speeds, irrespective of the device used to access the internet.Source: ITU (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

The Bahamas 60.8 2018 • LDominican Republic 60.8 2018 • LAndorra 60.4 2018 • LComoros 60.0 2018 • LBarbados 59.9 2018 • LAzerbaijan 59.6 2018 • pMorocco 59.1 2018 • LLesotho 59.0 2018 • LParaguay 57.7 2018 • LZambia 56.6 2018 • L


Ecuador 54.7 2018 • LEl Salvador 54.5 2018 • LVenezuela, RB 54.5 2018 • LMaldives 54.5 2018 • D


Egypt, Arab Rep. 53.9 2018 • LCôte d’Ivoire 53.6 2018 • LMoldova 53.5 2018 • LMauritania 52.9 2018 • LColombia 52.3 2018 • LZimbabwe 51.7 2018 • LJamaica 51.2 2018 • pAntigua and Barbuda 50.3 2017 • LNepal 47.5 2018 • LUkraine 47.2 2018 • LLebanon 45.2 2018 • 5St. Lucia 42.5 2018 • DSenegal 42.1 2018 • LSuriname 42.1 2018 • pLao PDR 42.0 2018 • LKenya 41.9 2018 • LBangladesh 41.2 2018 • LTrinidad and Tobago 40.7 2018 • DIraq 39.8 2018 • LRwanda 39.0 2018 • LBelize 38.0 2017 • LNauru 37.8 2017 • LIndia 37.5 2018 • LThe Gambia 36.8 2018 • LLibya 35.8 2017 • DUganda 33.6 2018 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 33.5 2018 • LGrenada 32.9 2017 • DSudan 32.4 2018 • 5Honduras 32.1 2018 • LTogo 32.0 2018 • L

Timor-Leste 31.6 2018 • pNigeria 30.7 2018 • DMali 30.3 2018 • LHaiti 30.0 2018 • LBurkina Faso 29.9 2018 • LPakistan 29.2 2018 • LMalawi 27.2 2018 • DGuyana 26.4 2017 • LSamoa 26.2 2017 • LSierra Leone 25.8 2017 • LGuinea 23.8 2018 • DTajikistan 22.8 2017 • LDjibouti 20.6 2018 • LBenin 19.8 2018 • LAngola 18.9 2018 • 5Afghanistan 18.8 2018 • DNicaragua 18.7 2018 • DGuinea-Bissau 17.7 2018 • LSolomon Islands 17.5 2018 • DSyrian Arab Republic 16.5 2018 • 5Guatemala 16.5 2017 • DEswatini 15.9 2017 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 15.9 2018 • DMadagascar 15.6 2018 • 5Turkmenistan 15.3 2017 • DMozambique 15.1 2018 • pKorea, Dem. Rep. 15.0 2017 • 5Cuba 14.3 2018 • DCameroon 14.0 2018 • DEthiopia 13.9 2017 • LLiberia 11.7 2017 • DBurundi 11.4 2018 • 5Papua New Guinea 10.9 2017 • DTanzania 9.1 2018 • pCongo, Rep. 6.0 2017 • •South Sudan 6.0 2018 • 5Yemen, Rep. 6.0 2017 • 5


Chad 4.0 2018 • 5Niger 3.9 2017 • 5Somalia 2.5 2017 • 5Kiribati 1.5 2017 • 5Equatorial Guinea 0.1 2018 • 5Eritrea 0.0 2017 • 5Marshall Islands 0.0 2017 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 2017 • 5Tuvalu 0.0 2017 • 5Palau NA NA • •

United Arab Emirates 250.0 2018 • LJapan 193.3 2018 • LPoland 171.7 2018 • LFinland 154.5 2018 • LSingapore 148.8 2018 • LFiji 147.5 2018 • LEstonia 146.7 2018 • LUnited States 144.8 2018 • LDenmark 136.7 2018 • LKuwait 131.1 2018 • LSan Marino 130.7 2017 • LLatvia 130.2 2018 • LBrunei Darussalam 130.0 2018 • LLiechtenstein 130.0 2018 • LAustralia 129.6 2018 • LSweden 127.0 2018 • LBahrain 126.0 2018 • LQatar 125.9 2018 • LIceland 125.1 2018 • LUruguay 123.9 2018 • LMalaysia 116.7 2018 • LNew Zealand 114.5 2018 • LKorea, Rep. 113.6 2018 • LIsrael 113.3 2018 • LCyprus 111.2 2018 • LSaudi Arabia 111.1 2018 • LThailand 104.7 2018 • LMalta 104.3 2018 • LIreland 103.8 2018 • LBhutan 101.6 2018 • LBulgaria 101.0 2018 • LSwitzerland 99.4 2018 • LNorway 99.2 2018 • LLithuania 98.6 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 98.5 2018 • LSpain 98.5 2018 • LCosta Rica 97.2 2018 • LKyrgyz Republic 94.0 2018 • LLuxembourg 94.0 2018 • LDominica 93.9 2018 • LChina 93.5 2018 • LMyanmar 92.7 2018 • LGabon 91.8 2018 • LGhana 91.8 2018 • LFrance 91.6 2018 • LChile 91.6 2018 • LNetherlands 90.9 2017 • LItaly 89.9 2018 • LBrazil 88.1 2018 • L

Czech Republic 88.0 2018 • LRomania 88.0 2018 • LAustria 88.0 2018 • LJordan 87.6 2018 • LRussian Federation 87.3 2018 • LIndonesia 87.1 2018 • LBelarus 86.3 2018 • LSlovak Republic 86.0 2018 • LOman 85.2 2018 • LMonaco 84.1 2018 • LMongolia 83.7 2018 • LCambodia 82.8 2018 • LGermany 82.6 2018 • LAlgeria 81.7 2018 • LGreece 81.4 2018 • LArgentina 80.7 2017 • LSeychelles 80.5 2018 • LBolivia 79.9 2018 • LCroatia 79.5 2018 • LPanama 79.1 2018 • LSlovenia 77.7 2018 • LBotswana 77.6 2018 • LKazakhstan 77.6 2018 • LSouth Africa 77.5 2018 • LCanada 76.4 2018 • LTunisia 76.1 2018 • LArmenia 75.9 2018 • LBelgium 75.7 2018 • LTurkey 74.2 2018 • LPortugal 73.8 2018 • LGeorgia 73.7 2018 • LNamibia 73.4 2018 • LMontenegro 73.2 2018 • LVietnam 71.9 2018 • LMexico 70.0 2018 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 69.9 2017 • pPhilippines 68.4 2017 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 68.2 2018 • LHungary 67.8 2018 • LCabo Verde 66.8 2018 • pSerbia 66.0 2018 • LPeru 65.7 2017 • LMauritius 65.3 2018 • LTonga 65.1 2018 • LVanuatu 65.1 2018 • LSri Lanka 65.0 2018 • LNorth Macedonia 64.7 2018 • LAlbania 62.8 2018 • LUzbekistan 62.4 2018 • L






Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1–5 best)

Survey-based average assessment of the quality of trade and transport related infrastructure, e.g. ports, roads, railroads and information technology, on a scale from 1 (worst) to 5 (best).Source: World Bank (2018) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Algeria 2.4 2018 • p


The Bahamas 2.4 2018 • pFiji 2.4 2018 • pBangladesh 2.4 2018 • LTrinidad and Tobago 2.4 2018 • •Georgia 2.4 2018 • pKyrgyz Republic 2.4 2018 • LChad 2.4 2018 • 5Dominican Republic 2.4 2018 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 2.3 2018 • pJamaica 2.3 2018 • pMali 2.3 2018 • DZambia 2.3 2018 • pAlbania 2.3 2018 • •Peru 2.3 2018 • pMauritania 2.3 2018 • pComoros 2.3 2018 • pEl Salvador 2.2 2018 • pLibya 2.2 2018 • pMozambique 2.2 2016 • •Togo 2.2 2018 • DTurkmenistan 2.2 2018 • DSenegal 2.2 2018 • pUkraine 2.2 2018 • pSolomon Islands 2.2 2018 • pPakistan 2.2 2018 • pGuatemala 2.2 2018 • pNepal 2.2 2018 • pUganda 2.2 2018 • •Sudan 2.2 2018 • LMalawi 2.2 2018 • pTajikistan 2.2 2018 • pMadagascar 2.2 2018 • 5Bolivia 2.2 2018 • pCambodia 2.1 2018 • pEthiopia 2.1 2016 • •Yemen, Rep. 2.1 2018 • DCongo, Dem. Rep. 2.1 2018 • DTunisia 2.1 2018 • pVenezuela, RB 2.1 2018 • pMongolia 2.1 2018 • pGabon 2.1 2018 • 5Guyana 2.1 2018 • pCongo, Rep. 2.1 2018 • DCuba 2.0 2018 • DIraq 2.0 2018 • pMoldova 2.0 2018 • p

Niger 2.0 2018 • pMyanmar 2.0 2018 • pPapua New Guinea 2.0 2018 • pLesotho 2.0 2018 • pBurundi 2.0 2018 • pHaiti 1.9 2018 • p


Liberia 1.9 2018 • pBhutan 1.9 2018 • pEquatorial Guinea 1.9 2018 • pEritrea 1.9 2018 • DAngola 1.9 2018 • pZimbabwe 1.8 2018 • pThe Gambia 1.8 2018 • pSierra Leone 1.8 2018 • •Somalia 1.8 2018 • DAfghanistan 1.8 2018 • pGuinea-Bissau 1.8 2018 • pGuinea 1.6 2018 • pAndorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •Barbados NA NA • •Belize NA NA • •Cabo Verde NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Eswatini NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •South Sudan NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Suriname NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •Vanuatu NA NA • •

Germany 4.4 2018 • LJapan 4.2 2018 • LSweden 4.2 2018 • LNetherlands 4.2 2018 • LAustria 4.2 2018 • LSingapore 4.1 2018 • LUnited States 4.0 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 4.0 2018 • LSwitzerland 4.0 2018 • LUnited Arab Emirates 4.0 2018 • LFinland 4.0 2018 • LFrance 4.0 2018 • LNew Zealand 4.0 2018 • LBelgium 4.0 2018 • LAustralia 4.0 2018 • LDenmark 4.0 2018 • LItaly 3.9 2018 • LSpain 3.8 2018 • LChina 3.8 2018 • LCanada 3.8 2018 • LKorea, Rep. 3.7 2018 • LNorway 3.7 2018 • LLuxembourg 3.6 2018 • LCzech Republic 3.5 2018 • LQatar 3.4 2018 • LIsrael 3.3 2018 • LIreland 3.3 2018 • LHungary 3.3 2018 • LSlovenia 3.3 2018 • LPortugal 3.2 2018 • LChile 3.2 2018 • LTurkey 3.2 2018 • LPoland 3.2 2018 • LSouth Africa 3.2 2018 • LIceland 3.2 2018 • LGreece 3.2 2018 • LOman 3.2 2018 • LMalaysia 3.1 2018 • LThailand 3.1 2018 • LPanama 3.1 2018 • LSaudi Arabia 3.1 2018 • LEstonia 3.1 2018 • LKuwait 3.0 2018 • LCroatia 3.0 2018 • LVietnam 3.0 2018 • LSlovak Republic 3.0 2018 • LLatvia 3.0 2018 • pBotswana 3.0 2016 • •Brazil 2.9 2018 • 5

Romania 2.9 2018 • LIndia 2.9 2018 • DMalta 2.9 2018 • pIndonesia 2.9 2018 • 5Cyprus 2.9 2018 • DCôte d’Ivoire 2.9 2018 • LMexico 2.8 2018 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 2.8 2018 • pTanzania 2.8 2016 • •Mauritius 2.8 2018 • LDjibouti 2.8 2018 • LRussian Federation 2.8 2018 • LArgentina 2.8 2018 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 2.8 2018 • •Namibia 2.8 2016 • •Bulgaria 2.8 2018 • pRwanda 2.8 2018 • LLithuania 2.7 2018 • pPhilippines 2.7 2018 • LBahrain 2.7 2018 • pEcuador 2.7 2018 • LJordan 2.7 2018 • LMaldives 2.7 2018 • LAzerbaijan 2.7 2014 • •Colombia 2.7 2018 • LLebanon 2.6 2018 • DSerbia 2.6 2018 • pMontenegro 2.6 2018 • pCameroon 2.6 2018 • LUzbekistan 2.6 2018 • LNigeria 2.6 2018 • 5Kenya 2.6 2018 • LParaguay 2.5 2018 • DKazakhstan 2.5 2018 • LSyrian Arab Republic 2.5 2018 • LNicaragua 2.5 2016 • •Benin 2.5 2018 • DCosta Rica 2.5 2018 • 5Sri Lanka 2.5 2018 • LArmenia 2.5 2018 • DNorth Macedonia 2.5 2018 • pHonduras 2.5 2018 • LBrunei Darussalam 2.5 2018 • •Ghana 2.4 2018 • pBelarus 2.4 2018 • pLao PDR 2.4 2018 • LMorocco 2.4 2018 • •Uruguay 2.4 2018 • pBurkina Faso 2.4 2018 • D






The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best)

The average score of the top three universities in each country that are listed in the global top 1,000 universities in the world. For countries with at least one university on the list, only the score of the ranked university was taken into account. When a university score was missing in the Times Higher Education World University Ranking, an indicator from the Global Innovation Index on the top 3 universities in Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) University Ranking was used as a source when available.Source: Times Higher Education (2020) Year of reference: 2020 (or closest available year)

Angola * 0.0 2020 • •Antigua and Barbuda* 0.0 2020 • •Armenia * 0.0 2020 • •The Bahamas * 0.0 2020 • •Barbados * 0.0 2020 • •Belize * 0.0 2020 • •Benin * 0.0 2020 • •Bhutan * 0.0 2020 • •Bolivia * 0.0 2020 • •Botswana * 0.0 2020 • •Burkina Faso * 0.0 2020 • •Burundi * 0.0 2020 • •Cabo Verde * 0.0 2020 • •Cambodia * 0.0 2020 • •Cameroon * 0.0 2020 • •Central African Republic * 0.0 2020 • •Chad * 0.0 2020 • •Comoros * 0.0 2020 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. * 0.0 2020 • •Congo, Rep. * 0.0 2020 • •Côte d’Ivoire * 0.0 2020 • •Djibouti * 0.0 2020 • •Dominica * 0.0 2020 • •Dominican Republic * 0.0 2020 • •El Salvador * 0.0 2020 • •Equatorial Guinea * 0.0 2020 • •Eritrea * 0.0 2020 • •Eswatini * 0.0 2020 • •Ethiopia * 0.0 2020 • •Fiji * 0.0 2020 • •Gabon * 0.0 2020 • •The Gambia * 0.0 2020 • •Grenada * 0.0 2020 • •Guatemala * 0.0 2020 • •Guinea * 0.0 2020 • •Guinea-Bissau * 0.0 2020 • •Guyana * 0.0 2020 • •Haiti * 0.0 2020 • •Honduras * 0.0 2020 • •Kiribati * 0.0 2020 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. * 0.0 2020 • •Kyrgyz Republic * 0.0 2020 • •Lao PDR * 0.0 2020 • •Lesotho * 0.0 2020 • •Liberia * 0.0 2020 • •Libya * 0.0 2020 • •Liechtenstein * 0.0 2020 • •Madagascar * 0.0 2020 • •

Malawi * 0.0 2020 • •Maldives * 0.0 2020 • •Mali * 0.0 2020 • •Marshall Islands * 0.0 2020 • •Mauritania * 0.0 2020 • •Mauritius * 0.0 2020 • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. * 0.0 2020 • •Moldova * 0.0 2020 • •Monaco * 0.0 2020 • •Mongolia * 0.0 2020 • •Mozambique * 0.0 2020 • •Myanmar * 0.0 2020 • •Namibia * 0.0 2020 • •Nauru * 0.0 2020 • •Nicaragua * 0.0 2020 • •Niger * 0.0 2020 • •North Macedonia * 0.0 2020 • •Palau * 0.0 2020 • •Papua New Guinea * 0.0 2020 • •Paraguay * 0.0 2020 • •Rwanda * 0.0 2020 • •Samoa * 0.0 2020 • •San Marino * 0.0 2020 • •São Tomé and Príncipe* 0.0 2020 • •Senegal * 0.0 2020 • •Seychelles * 0.0 2020 • •Sierra Leone * 0.0 2020 • •Solomon Islands * 0.0 2020 • •Somalia * 0.0 2020 • •South Sudan * 0.0 2020 • •St. Kitts and Nevis * 0.0 2020 • •St. Lucia * 0.0 2020 • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines * 0.0 2020 • •Sudan * 0.0 2020 • •Suriname * 0.0 2020 • •Syrian Arab Republic* 0.0 2020 • •Tajikistan * 0.0 2020 • •Timor-Leste * 0.0 2020 • •Togo * 0.0 2020 • •Tonga * 0.0 2020 • •Trinidad and Tobago* 0.0 2020 • •Turkmenistan * 0.0 2020 • •Tuvalu * 0.0 2020 • •Uzbekistan * 0.0 2020 • •Vanuatu * 0.0 2020 • •Yemen, Rep. * 0.0 2020 • •Zambia * 0.0 2020 • •Zimbabwe * 0.0 2020 • •

United States 94.1 2020 • •United Kingdom 93.2 2020 • •Canada 78.7 2020 • •Singapore 77.4 2020 • •China 76.3 2020 • •Switzerland 75.5 2020 • •Germany 75.1 2020 • •Australia 73.1 2020 • •Netherlands 68.1 2020 • •France 66.6 2020 • •Sweden 66.3 2020 • •Korea, Rep. 64.1 2020 • •Japan 64.0 2020 • •Belgium 63.4 2020 • •Denmark 59.1 2020 • •Italy 56.8 2020 • •Spain 55.5 2020 • •Finland 55.2 2020 • •Austria 54.1 2020 • •South Africa 53.6 2020 • •Ireland 53.4 2020 • •Luxembourg 51.9 2020 • •New Zealand 51.9 2020 • •Russian Federation 51.6 2020 • •Norway 50.4 2020 • •Israel 48.9 2020 • •Saudi Arabia 45.8 2020 • •India 44.9 2020 • •Iceland 44.5 2020 • •Cyprus 43.1 2020 • •Brunei Darussalam 40.6 2020 • •Qatar 40.6 2020 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 40.3 2020 • •Portugal 40.3 2020 • •United Arab Emirates 40.3 2020 • •Chile 39.4 2020 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 39.4 2020 • •Turkey 39.4 2020 • •Brazil 39.1 2020 • •Malaysia 38.1 2020 • •Greece 37.4 2020 • •Jamaica 37.0 2020 • •Czech Republic 34.7 2020 • •Nigeria 34.3 2020 • •Hungary 32.5 2020 • •Pakistan 32.5 2020 • •Estonia 32.0 2020 • •Costa Rica 31.8 2020 • •Malta 31.8 2020 • •

Mexico 31.8 2020 • •Uganda 31.8 2020 • •Jordan 31.3 2020 • •Lebanon 31.3 2020 • •Peru 31.1 2020 • •Colombia 29.6 2020 • •Poland 29.6 2020 • •Thailand 29.6 2020 • •Philippines 28.5 2020 • •Slovenia 28.5 2020 • •Sri Lanka 28.5 2020 • •Ghana 25.2 2020 • •Kenya 25.2 2020 • •Kuwait 25.2 2020 • •Oman 25.2 2020 • •Algeria 24.5 2020 • •Croatia 24.1 2020 • •Serbia 22.5 2019 • •Romania 22.3 2020 • •Vietnam 22.3 2020 • •Indonesia 21.5 2020 • •Morocco 21.5 2020 • •Iraq 20.8 2020 • •Latvia 19.3 2020 • •Lithuania 19.3 2020 • •Ukraine 19.3 2020 • •Argentina 16.4 2020 • •Bangladesh 16.4 2020 • •Belarus 16.4 2020 • •Bulgaria 16.4 2020 • •Cuba 16.4 2020 • •Georgia 16.4 2020 • •Kazakhstan 16.4 2020 • •Montenegro 16.4 2020 • •Nepal 16.4 2020 • •Slovak Republic 16.4 2020 • •Tanzania 16.4 2020 • •Tunisia 16.4 2020 • •Venezuela, RB 16.4 2020 • •Ecuador * 13.6 2019 • •Uruguay * 12.0 2019 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina * 7.0 2019 • •Bahrain * 4.5 2019 • •Azerbaijan * 3.7 2019 • •Panama * 3.4 2019 • •Afghanistan * 0.0 2020 • •Albania * 0.0 2020 • •Andorra * 0.0 2020 • •






Scientific and technical journal articles (per 1,000 population)

The number of scientific and technical journal articles published, that are covered by the Science Citation Index (SCI) or the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Articles are counted and assigned to a country based on the institutional address(es) listed in the article.Source: National Science Foundation (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Albania 0.1 2018 • 5Sri Lanka 0.1 2018 • 5Pakistan 0.1 2018 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 0.1 2018 • 5Jamaica 0.1 2018 • 5Samoa 0.1 2018 • pMoldova 0.1 2018 • 5The Bahamas 0.1 2018 • 5Peru 0.1 2018 • 5Andorra 0.0 2018 • pTonga 0.0 2018 • 5Vietnam 0.0 2018 • 5Mongolia 0.0 2018 • 5Ghana 0.0 2018 • 5Panama 0.0 2018 • pMarshall Islands 0.0 2018 • pCameroon 0.0 2018 • 5Eswatini 0.0 2018 • 5Gabon 0.0 2018 • pSuriname 0.0 2018 • 5Nigeria 0.0 2018 • 5Nepal 0.0 2018 • 5Zimbabwe 0.0 2018 • 5Belize 0.0 2018 • 5Kenya 0.0 2018 • 5Libya 0.0 2018 • pSenegal 0.0 2018 • pKyrgyz Republic 0.0 2018 • 5Vanuatu 0.0 2018 • pVenezuela, RB 0.0 2018 • pPhilippines 0.0 2018 • 5St. Lucia 0.0 2018 • 5Benin 0.0 2018 • 5Solomon Islands 0.0 2018 • pBangladesh 0.0 2018 • 5Ethiopia 0.0 2018 • 5Guyana 0.0 2018 • 5Cabo Verde 0.0 2018 • pSyrian Arab Republic 0.0 2018 • 5Uganda 0.0 2018 • 5The Gambia 0.0 2018 • pMaldives 0.0 2018 • pParaguay 0.0 2018 • 5Rwanda 0.0 2018 • 5Burkina Faso 0.0 2018 • 5Congo, Rep. 0.0 2018 • pMalawi 0.0 2018 • 5Lao PDR 0.0 2018 • 5Zambia 0.0 2018 • 5


Tanzania 0.0 2018 • 5Timor-Leste 0.0 2018 • 5Togo 0.0 2018 • 5Uzbekistan 0.0 2018 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 0.0 2018 • 5Sudan 0.0 2018 • 5Bolivia 0.0 2018 • 5Cambodia 0.0 2018 • 5Lesotho 0.0 2018 • 5Guinea-Bissau 0.0 2018 • 5El Salvador 0.0 2018 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 2018 • pNicaragua 0.0 2018 • 5Papua New Guinea 0.0 2018 • 5Tajikistan 0.0 2018 • 5Djibouti 0.0 2018 • 5Eritrea 0.0 2018 • 5Guatemala 0.0 2018 • 5Dominican Republic 0.0 2018 • 5Honduras 0.0 2018 • 5Kiribati 0.0 2018 • pLiberia 0.0 2018 • 5Madagascar 0.0 2018 • 5Mali 0.0 2018 • 5Mauritania 0.0 2018 • 5Mozambique 0.0 2018 • 5Sierra Leone 0.0 2018 • 5Yemen, Rep. 0.0 2018 • 5


Comoros 0.0 2018 • 5Myanmar 0.0 2018 • 5Afghanistan 0.0 2018 • 5Haiti 0.0 2018 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 2018 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 0.0 2018 • pBurundi 0.0 2018 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.0 2018 • 5Equatorial Guinea 0.0 2018 • pGuinea 0.0 2018 • pNiger 0.0 2018 • pAngola 0.0 2018 • 5Chad 0.0 2018 • 5Somalia 0.0 2018 • 5South Sudan 0.0 2018 • 5Turkmenistan 0.0 2018 • 5Nauru 0.0 2018 • p

Switzerland 2.5 2018 • LDenmark 2.4 2018 • LNorway 2.2 2018 • LAustralia 2.2 2018 • LSweden 2.0 2018 • LIceland 2.0 2018 • LSingapore 2.0 2018 • LFinland 1.9 2018 • LNetherlands 1.8 2018 • LNew Zealand 1.7 2018 • LCanada 1.6 2018 • LSlovenia 1.5 2018 • LIreland 1.5 2018 • LCzech Republic 1.5 2018 • LIsrael 1.5 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 1.5 2018 • LLuxembourg 1.4 2018 • LPortugal 1.4 2018 • LAustria 1.4 2018 • LBelgium 1.4 2018 • LKorea, Rep. 1.3 2018 • LUnited States 1.3 2018 • LGermany 1.3 2018 • LItaly 1.2 2018 • LSpain 1.2 2018 • LMonaco 1.2 2018 • LEstonia 1.1 2018 • LCyprus 1.0 2018 • LGreece 1.0 2018 • LCroatia 1.0 2018 • LFrance 1.0 2018 • LSlovak Republic 1.0 2018 • LMalta 1.0 2018 • LPoland 0.9 2018 • LLithuania 0.8 2018 • LLiechtenstein 0.8 2018 • LJapan 0.8 2018 • LMalaysia 0.8 2018 • LLatvia 0.7 2018 • LHungary 0.7 2018 • LBrunei Darussalam 0.7 2018 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 0.6 2018 • LRussian Federation 0.6 2018 • LQatar 0.5 2018 • LRomania 0.5 2018 • pSerbia 0.5 2018 • pSt. Kitts and Nevis 0.5 2018 • LTunisia 0.5 2018 • DBulgaria 0.5 2018 • L

Grenada 0.4 2018 • LTurkey 0.4 2018 • pMontenegro 0.4 2018 • DChile 0.4 2018 • DChina 0.4 2018 • DPalau 0.4 2018 • DUnited Arab Emirates 0.3 2018 • DSaudi Arabia 0.3 2018 • 5San Marino 0.3 2018 • LBrazil 0.3 2018 • 5Jordan 0.3 2018 • DLebanon 0.3 2018 • DUruguay 0.2 2018 • 5Kuwait 0.2 2018 • 5North Macedonia 0.2 2018 • pUkraine 0.2 2018 • DSouth Africa 0.2 2018 • 5


Bahrain 0.2 2018 • DArgentina 0.2 2018 • 5Thailand 0.2 2018 • 5Armenia 0.2 2018 • pOman 0.2 2018 • 5Dominica 0.2 2018 • 5Fiji 0.2 2018 • 5Iraq 0.2 2018 • DTrinidad and Tobago 0.2 2018 • 5Colombia 0.1 2018 • 5Morocco 0.1 2018 • 5Georgia 0.1 2018 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.1 2018 • 5Barbados 0.1 2018 • pMexico 0.1 2018 • 5Kazakhstan 0.1 2018 • 5Tuvalu 0.1 2018 • 5Belarus 0.1 2018 • 5Ecuador 0.1 2018 • DAlgeria 0.1 2018 • 5Botswana 0.1 2018 • 5Costa Rica 0.1 2018 • 5Indonesia 0.1 2018 • DIndia 0.1 2018 • 5Mauritius 0.1 2018 • 5Seychelles 0.1 2018 • pCuba 0.1 2018 • pAzerbaijan 0.1 2018 • 5Bhutan 0.1 2018 • 5Namibia 0.1 2018 • 5







Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on scientific research and experimental development (R&D) expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). We assumed zero R&D expenditure for low-income countries that do not report any data.Source: UNESCO (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Uzbekistan 0.2 2017 • pAzerbaijan 0.2 2017 • pUganda 0.2 2014 • •Bolivia 0.2 2009 • •Albania 0.2 2008 • •Paraguay 0.2 2016 • 5El Salvador 0.1 2016 • 5Philippines 0.1 2013 • •Mongolia 0.1 2017 • pThe Gambia 0.1 2011 • •Kazakhstan 0.1 2017 • pBurundi 0.1 2011 • •Peru 0.1 2017 • 5

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.1 2002 • •Venezuela, RB 0.1 2016 • pCambodia 0.1 2015 • •Tajikistan 0.1 2017 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 0.1 2017 • pNicaragua 0.1 2015 • •Sri Lanka 0.1 2015 • •Bahrain 0.1 2014 • •Côte d’Ivoire 0.1 2016 • •Trinidad and Tobago 0.1 2016 • 5Kuwait 0.1 2017 • pCabo Verde 0.1 2011 • •Panama 0.1 2013 • •Jamaica 0.1 2002 • •Lesotho 0.0 2015 • •Iraq 0.0 2017 • 5Monaco 0.0 2005 • •Brunei Darussalam 0.0 2004 • •Lao PDR 0.0 2002 • •Papua New Guinea 0.0 2016 • •Myanmar 0.0 2017 • •Guatemala 0.0 2015 • •Honduras 0.0 2015 • •Madagascar 0.0 2017 • pSyrian Arab Republic 0.0 2015 • •Afghanistan * 0.0 2017 • •Benin * 0.0 2017 • •Central African Republic * 0.0 2017 • •Comoros * 0.0 2017 • •Eritrea * 0.0 2017 • •Guinea * 0.0 2017 • •Guinea-Bissau * 0.0 2017 • •Haiti * 0.0 2017 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. * 0.0 2017 • •

Liberia * 0.0 2017 • •Malawi * 0.0 2017 • •Niger * 0.0 2017 • •Rwanda * 0.0 2017 • •Sierra Leone * 0.0 2017 • •Somalia * 0.0 2017 • •South Sudan * 0.0 2017 • •Yemen, Rep. * 0.0 2017 • •Andorra NA NA • •Angola NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Bangladesh NA NA • •Barbados NA NA • •Belize NA NA • •Bhutan NA NA • •Cameroon NA NA • •Congo, Rep. NA NA • •Djibouti NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Dominican Republic NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Fiji NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guyana NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Lebanon NA NA • •Libya NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Maldives NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Mauritania NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •São Tomé and Príncipe NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •Suriname NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Turkmenistan NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •Vanuatu NA NA • •Zimbabwe NA NA • •

Israel 4.6 2017 • LKorea, Rep. 4.6 2017 • LSwitzerland 3.4 2015 • •Sweden 3.3 2017 • LJapan 3.2 2017 • LAustria 3.2 2017 • LDenmark 3.1 2017 • LGermany 3.0 2017 • LUnited States 2.8 2017 • LFinland 2.8 2017 • LBelgium 2.6 2017 • LSingapore 2.2 2016 • LFrance 2.2 2017 • LIceland 2.2 2017 • LChina 2.1 2017 • LNorway 2.1 2017 • LNetherlands 2.0 2017 • LAustralia 1.9 2015 • •Slovenia 1.9 2017 • LCzech Republic 1.8 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 1.7 2017 • LCanada 1.6 2017 • LMalaysia 1.4 2016 • LItaly 1.4 2017 • DHungary 1.4 2017 • 5Portugal 1.3 2017 • DEstonia 1.3 2017 • pUnited Arab Emirates 1.3 2018 • LBrazil 1.3 2016 • pLuxembourg 1.3 2017 • pNew Zealand 1.2 2015 • •Spain 1.2 2017 • pGreece 1.1 2017 • LRussian Federation 1.1 2017 • 5Ireland 1.0 2017 • pPoland 1.0 2017 • DTurkey 1.0 2017 • DSerbia 0.9 2017 • LLithuania 0.9 2017 • pSlovak Republic 0.9 2017 • 5Croatia 0.9 2017 • DSouth Africa 0.8 2016 • DSaudi Arabia 0.8 2013 • •Kenya 0.8 2010 • •Thailand 0.8 2016 • LBulgaria 0.8 2017 • pSenegal 0.8 2015 • •Jordan 0.7 2016 • •Morocco 0.7 2010 • •Burkina Faso 0.7 2017 • L

India 0.6 2015 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.6 2017 • pEthiopia 0.6 2013 • •Tunisia 0.6 2016 • pBelarus 0.6 2017 • 5Gabon 0.6 2009 • •Cyprus 0.6 2017 • 5Malta 0.5 2017 • pBotswana 0.5 2013 • •Algeria 0.5 2017 • •Argentina 0.5 2016 • pTanzania 0.5 2013 • •Vietnam 0.5 2017 • DLatvia 0.5 2017 • pQatar 0.5 2015 • •Romania 0.5 2017 • DMexico 0.5 2016 • pCosta Rica 0.5 2016 • pUkraine 0.4 2017 • pEcuador 0.4 2014 • •Uruguay 0.4 2016 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.4 2015 • •Ghana 0.4 2010 • •Mauritius 0.4 2017 • •Chile 0.4 2016 • pNorth Macedonia 0.4 2017 • pCuba 0.3 2016 • pNamibia 0.3 2014 • •Mozambique 0.3 2015 • •Montenegro 0.3 2016 • pChad 0.3 2016 • •Moldova 0.3 2017 • pNepal 0.3 2010 • •Sudan 0.3 2005 • •Mali 0.3 2017 • pGeorgia 0.3 2017 • 5Zambia 0.3 2008 • •Togo 0.3 2014 • •Eswatini 0.3 2015 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.3 2013 • •Colombia 0.2 2017 • pIndonesia 0.2 2017 • 5Pakistan 0.2 2017 • pArmenia 0.2 2017 • pOman 0.2 2017 • 5Seychelles 0.2 2016 • •Nigeria 0.2 2007 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.2 2017 • p








Researchers (per 1,000 employed population)(OECD Member States)

A triadic patent family is defined as a set of patents registered in various countries (i.e. patent offices) to protect the same invention. Triadic patent families are a set of patents filed at three of these major patent offices: the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japan Patent Office (JPO) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The number of triadic patent families is “nowcast” for timeliness.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Triadic patent families filed (per million population)(OECD Member States)

The number of researchers per thousand employed people. Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems, as well as in the management of the projects concerned.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Denmark 15.7 2018 • LKorea, Rep. 15.3 2018 • LSweden 14.8 2018 • LFinland 14.5 2018 • LNorway 12.2 2018 • LBelgium 12.0 2018 • LIreland 11.6 2018 • LAustria 11.4 2018 • LFrance 10.9 2018 • LIceland 10.3 2017 • LNetherlands 10.3 2018 • LNew Zealand 10.1 2017 • LSlovenia 9.9 2018 • LJapan 9.8 2018 • LGermany 9.7 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 9.5 2018 • LPortugal 9.5 2018 • LUnited States 9.2 2017 • L

Switzerland 9.2 2017 • LAustralia 9.0 2010 • •Greece 8.6 2018 • LCanada 8.4 2016 • LEstonia 7.7 2018 • LCzech Republic 7.6 2018 • LPoland 7.2 2018 • LSpain 7.0 2018 • DHungary 6.8 2018 • LSlovak Republic 6.8 2018 • 5Luxembourg 6.7 2018 • 5Lithuania 6.4 2018 • pItaly 5.5 2018 • DLatvia 4.1 2018 • pTurkey 4.0 2017 • DChile 1.1 2017 • 5Mexico 1.0 2016 • 5Israel NA NA • •

Switzerland 151.9 2017 • LJapan 142.9 2017 • LSweden 74.0 2017 • LNetherlands 69.1 2017 • LIsrael 59.4 2017 • LGermany 56.4 2017 • LDenmark 55.0 2017 • LLuxembourg 48.2 2017 • LFinland 47.0 2017 • LKorea, Rep. 42.8 2017 • LAustria 42.7 2017 • LUnited States 38.3 2017 • LBelgium 35.7 2017 • LFrance 33.4 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 23.5 2017 • LIreland 21.8 2017 • LNorway 18.8 2017 • pCanada 15.3 2017 • p

New Zealand 15.2 2017 • pAustralia 13.5 2017 • pItaly 12.8 2017 • pIceland 7.0 2017 • LSpain 5.8 2017 • 5Czech Republic 4.2 2017 • 5Slovenia 3.8 2017 • pHungary 3.4 2017 • pPortugal 3.4 2017 • 5Estonia 3.0 2017 • pPoland 2.0 2017 • 5Latvia 1.8 2017 • 5Slovak Republic 1.6 2017 • 5Greece 1.3 2017 • pLithuania 1.0 2017 • pTurkey 0.7 2017 • 5Chile 0.5 2017 • 5Mexico 0.2 2017 • p








Gap in internet access by income (percentage points)(OECD Member States)

Percentage of women tertiary graduates in natural sciences and engineering out of total tertiary graduates in natural sciences and engineering.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available year)

Women in science and engineering (% of tertiary graduates in science and engineering)(OECD Member States)

The difference in the percentage of household Internet access between the top and bottom income quartiles.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available year)

Korea, Rep. 1.9 2018 • LNetherlands 3.4 2019 • LNorway 3.6 2019 • LIceland 4.9 2017 • LSweden 6.3 2019 • LChile 7.5 2017 • LLuxembourg 7.7 2019 • 5Denmark * 9.8 2019 • LAustria 13.6 2019 • LGermany 14.5 2019 • LFinland 14.9 2019 • LNew Zealand 19.0 2012 • •France 20.7 2019 • LSpain 21.2 2019 • LEstonia 25.3 2019 • DIreland 25.4 2018 • •Switzerland 26.7 2014 • •Belgium 28.0 2019 • L

Slovak Republic 28.5 2019 • LUnited States 29.1 2017 • LSlovenia 29.3 2019 • LPoland 34.9 2019 • DCzech Republic 35.5 2019 • LUnited Kingdom 36.5 2008 • •Greece 36.9 2019 • DIsrael 39.5 2017 • DLatvia 39.6 2019 • DPortugal 41.2 2019 • DLithuania 41.3 2019 • LItaly 47.4 2013 • •Hungary 50.5 2019 • 5Canada 52.4 2007 • •Australia 57.0 2008 • •Mexico 59.8 2012 • •Japan NA NA • •Turkey NA NA • •

Poland 41.0 2015 • •Portugal 38.1 2015 • •United Kingdom 35.3 2015 • •Estonia 35.0 2015 • •Slovak Republic 33.9 2015 • •Czech Republic 32.2 2015 • •Slovenia 31.1 2015 • •Turkey 30.7 2015 • •Sweden 30.0 2015 • •Lithuania 29.7 2015 • •France 29.2 2015 • •Mexico 29.2 2015 • •Hungary 29.2 2015 • •United States 28.6 2015 • •Denmark 27.8 2015 • •Canada 27.7 2015 • •Australia 27.6 2015 • •Spain 27.1 2015 • •

Latvia 27.0 2015 • •New Zealand 26.7 2015 • •Norway 26.6 2015 • •Netherlands 26.1 2015 • •Belgium 26.0 2015 • •Germany 24.7 2015 • •Korea, Rep. 24.0 2015 • •Austria 23.4 2015 • •Ireland 23.4 2015 • •Finland 23.0 2015 • •Switzerland 21.6 2015 • •Luxembourg 18.3 2015 • •Chile 16.2 2015 • •Greece NA NA • •Iceland NA NA • •Israel NA NA • •Italy NA NA • •Japan NA NA • •







Gini coefficient adjusted for top income The Gini coefficient adjusted for top revenues unaccounted for in household surveys. This indicator takes the average of the unadjusted Gini and the adjusted Gini.Source: Chandy and Seidel (2017) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Angola 45.1 2008 • •Greece 45.1 2015 • 5Comoros 45.6 2013 • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 45.7 2013 • •Romania 45.8 2016 • •Ghana 46.0 2016 • •United States 46.1 2013 • •Nicaragua 46.1 2014 • •Ecuador 46.4 2017 • •Syrian Arab Republic 46.5 2004 • •Argentina 46.7 2016 • •Lao PDR 46.8 2012 • •Côte d’Ivoire 47.0 2015 • •Armenia 47.5 2017 • •Georgia 47.6 2017 • •Cameroon 47.7 2014 • •Senegal 47.8 2011 • •South Sudan 48.0 2009 • •Kenya 48.5 2015 • •Peru 48.9 2017 • •Togo 48.9 2015 • •Yemen, Rep. 49.0 2014 • •Turkey 49.0 2016 • pSeychelles 49.1 2013 • •Malawi 49.4 2016 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 49.6 2015 • •Jamaica 49.6 2004 • •Philippines 50.1 2015 • •Rwanda 50.1 2016 • •Cabo Verde 50.2 2007 • •Mauritius 50.4 2012 • •Costa Rica 50.4 2017 • •Benin 50.5 2015 • •Indonesia 50.5 2016 • •Paraguay 50.5 2017 • •St. Lucia 51.3 2016 • •Sri Lanka 51.4 2016 • •Chile 51.5 2017 • 5Dominican Republic 51.5 2016 • •Madagascar 51.7 2012 • •Congo, Rep. 52.0 2011 • •Honduras 52.3 2017 • •Fiji 52.4 2013 • •Panama 52.6 2017 • •Papua New Guinea 53.0 2009 • •Djibouti 53.2 2017 • •Mozambique 53.9 2014 • •Brazil 54.2 2017 • •Guinea-Bissau 55.1 2010 • •

Colombia 55.2 2017 • •Venezuela, RB 55.3 2006 • •Guatemala 55.3 2014 • •Mexico 55.4 2016 • 5Nigeria 56.1 2003 • •Central African Republic 56.2 2008 • •Maldives 59.1 2009 • •Botswana 61.3 2015 • •Zambia 62.7 2015 • •Lesotho 63.0 2010 • •Namibia 64.2 2015 • •Eswatini 65.9 2009 • •South Africa 67.3 2014 • •Afghanistan NA NA • •Andorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Bahrain NA NA • •Barbados NA NA • •Belize NA NA • •Brunei Darussalam NA NA • •Cuba NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Eritrea NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guyana NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Kuwait NA NA • •Libya NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •New Zealand NA NA • •Oman NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Qatar NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Saudi Arabia NA NA • •Singapore NA NA • •Somalia NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Suriname NA NA • •Trinidad and Tobago NA NA • •Turkmenistan NA NA • •

Slovenia 27.4 2015 • LNorway 27.4 2015 • LUkraine 28.0 2016 • •Denmark 28.4 2015 • LFinland 28.7 2015 • LNetherlands 28.8 2015 • LBelgium 29.4 2015 • LMalta 29.6 2015 • •Iceland 29.7 2014 • LSweden 29.8 2015 • LCzech Republic 30.0 2015 • LTimor-Leste 30.9 2014 • •Moldova 31.4 2017 • •Algeria 31.5 2011 • •Austria 32.0 2015 • LKorea, Rep. 32.3 2012 • •United Arab Emirates* 32.5 2017 • •Mauritania 32.6 2014 • •Belarus 32.7 2017 • •Kyrgyz Republic 32.8 2017 • •Ireland 33.1 2015 • LFrance 33.3 2015 • DNepal 33.4 2010 • •Germany 33.7 2015 • pSerbia 33.8 2015 • •Slovak Republic 33.9 2015 • pCyprus 34.0 2015 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 34.1 2015 • •Niger 34.3 2014 • •Switzerland 34.3 2015 • pLuxembourg 34.8 2015 • 5Estonia 34.9 2015 • LEthiopia 35.0 2015 • •Canada 35.0 2013 • •Burkina Faso 35.3 2014 • •Tajikistan 35.3 2015 • •Cambodia 35.4 2004 • •Vietnam 35.6 2016 • •Japan 35.7 2008 • •Hungary 35.8 2015 • LThe Gambia 35.9 2015 • •Lebanon 36.2 2011 • •Croatia 36.6 2015 • •Sierra Leone 36.9 2011 • •Australia 36.9 2014 • •Mali 37.0 2009 • •Kiribati 37.0 2006 • •United Kingdom 37.0 2015 • p

Vanuatu 37.6 2010 • •Guinea 38.3 2012 • •Spain 38.6 2015 • pBurundi 38.6 2013 • •Azerbaijan 38.6 2008 • •Bangladesh 38.7 2016 • •Myanmar 38.8 2015 • •Italy 38.8 2015 • 5Latvia 39.1 2015 • LLiberia 39.1 2016 • •Tuvalu 39.4 2010 • •Morocco 39.8 2013 • •Gabon 39.8 2017 • •Tunisia 40.0 2015 • •Tonga 40.1 2015 • •Sudan 40.3 2009 • •Montenegro 40.5 2014 • •Mongolia 40.5 2016 • •Thailand 40.9 2017 • •Bulgaria 40.9 2014 • •Jordan 41.1 2010 • •China 41.2 2014 • •Haiti 41.5 2012 • •Albania 41.7 2012 • •Kazakhstan 41.7 2017 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 41.7 2016 • •Iraq 41.8 2012 • •Bhutan 41.8 2017 • •Solomon Islands 42.0 2013 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 42.1 2012 • •Portugal 42.1 2015 • 5Uganda 42.7 2016 • •Uruguay 42.9 2017 • •Poland 42.9 2016 • 5Malaysia 43.0 2015 • •Pakistan 43.0 2015 • •Tanzania 43.0 2011 • •Zimbabwe 43.1 2011 • •Israel 43.2 2016 • DIndia 43.2 2011 • •Samoa 43.3 2013 • •Bolivia 44.0 2017 • •North Macedonia 44.0 2015 • •Russian Federation 44.0 2015 • •Chad 44.0 2011 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 44.1 2010 • •Lithuania 44.2 2015 • pEl Salvador 44.4 2017 • •Uzbekistan 44.8 2003 • •








Palma ratio(OECD Member States)

Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over)(OECD Member States)

The percentage of people of 66 years of age or more whose income falls below half the median household income of the total population.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

The share of all income received by the 10% people with highest disposable income divided by the share of all income received by the 40% people with the lowest disposable income.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Slovak Republic 0.8 2016 • LSlovenia 0.8 2017 • LCzech Republic 0.9 2017 • LIceland 0.9 2015 • LBelgium 0.9 2017 • LNorway 0.9 2017 • LDenmark 0.9 2016 • LFinland 0.9 2017 • LPoland 1.0 2017 • LAustria 1.0 2017 • LSweden 1.0 2017 • pNetherlands 1.0 2016 • LHungary 1.0 2017 • 5Germany 1.1 2017 • DFrance 1.1 2017 • 5Ireland 1.1 2017 • LSwitzerland 1.1 2015 • 5Estonia 1.1 2017 • L

Canada 1.1 2017 • LGreece 1.2 2017 • LLuxembourg 1.2 2017 • •Portugal 1.2 2017 • LSpain 1.3 2017 • DAustralia 1.3 2018 • 5Italy 1.3 2017 • pJapan 1.3 2015 • pIsrael 1.4 2018 • DNew Zealand 1.4 2014 • •Korea, Rep. 1.4 2017 • •Latvia 1.4 2017 • pUnited Kingdom 1.5 2017 • 5Lithuania 1.6 2017 • pUnited States 1.8 2017 • 5Turkey 1.9 2015 • pMexico 2.5 2016 • 5Chile 2.6 2017 • 5

Denmark 3.0 2016 • LIceland 3.0 2015 • LNetherlands 3.1 2016 • LFrance 3.6 2017 • LNorway 4.3 2017 • LSlovak Republic 4.4 2016 • LHungary 4.9 2017 • LFinland 6.3 2017 • LGreece 7.2 2017 • LCzech Republic 7.4 2017 • pBelgium 8.8 2017 • 5Austria 9.7 2017 • 5Italy 9.7 2017 • pPortugal 10.1 2017 • pGermany 10.2 2017 • pSpain 10.2 2017 • pNew Zealand 10.6 2014 • •Luxembourg 10.9 2017 • •

Poland 11.2 2017 • pSweden 11.3 2017 • pIreland 11.4 2017 • pCanada 12.2 2017 • pSlovenia 13.2 2017 • pUnited Kingdom 15.3 2017 • pTurkey 17.0 2015 • LChile 17.6 2017 • pSwitzerland 19.5 2015 • 5Japan 19.6 2015 • pIsrael 20.6 2018 • DUnited States 23.1 2017 • pAustralia 23.7 2018 • 5Mexico 24.7 2016 • 5Lithuania 28.2 2017 • pLatvia 35.3 2017 • pEstonia 37.2 2017 • pKorea, Rep. 43.8 2017 • •







Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (μg/m³)

Air pollution measured as the population-weighted mean annual concentration of PM2.5 for the urban population in a country. PM2.5 is suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and can cause severe health damage.Source: IHME (2017) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Madagascar 22.5 2017 • 5Grenada 22.7 2017 • DKyrgyz Republic 22.7 2017 • 5Belize 23.0 2017 • DBarbados 23.1 2017 • DBotswana 23.1 2017 • 5Malawi 23.6 2017 • DGuatemala 24.1 2017 • DTrinidad and Tobago 24.1 2017 • 5El Salvador 24.5 2017 • DSerbia 24.7 2017 • DSuriname 24.8 2017 • 5Peru 24.8 2017 • DKorea, Rep. 25.0 2017 • DSouth Africa 25.1 2017 • DLao PDR 25.1 2017 • DNamibia 25.4 2017 • 5Cambodia 25.6 2017 • DCôte d’Ivoire 25.9 2017 • pGuinea 26.1 2017 • pThailand 26.3 2017 • DZambia 27.4 2017 • 5


Lesotho 28.0 2017 • LUzbekistan 28.5 2017 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 28.5 2017 • pKenya 28.6 2017 • 5Tanzania 29.1 2017 • pVietnam 29.6 2017 • LNorth Macedonia 29.7 2017 • DGuinea-Bissau 29.8 2017 • pLebanon 30.6 2017 • pKorea, Dem. Rep. 32.0 2017 • DSomalia 32.0 2017 • pAngola 32.4 2017 • 5Armenia 32.5 2017 • 5Morocco 32.6 2017 • pJordan 33.0 2017 • 5The Gambia 34.0 2017 • pGhana 34.7 2017 • pCabo Verde 34.8 2017 • pMyanmar 35.6 2017 • DTogo 35.7 2017 • pTunisia 37.7 2017 • pBhutan 37.9 2017 • DMali 38.5 2017 • pAlgeria 38.9 2017 • pBurundi 38.9 2017 • 5

Ethiopia 39.0 2017 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 39.0 2017 • pBenin 39.0 2017 • pMongolia 40.1 2017 • pSenegal 40.7 2017 • pUnited Arab Emirates 40.9 2017 • pOman 41.1 2017 • pBurkina Faso 42.9 2017 • pRwanda 43.2 2017 • pSyrian Arab Republic 43.8 2017 • pTurkey 44.3 2017 • pGabon 44.4 2017 • pCongo, Dem. Rep. 44.9 2017 • pDjibouti 45.6 2017 • pSouth Sudan 45.6 2017 • pTajikistan 46.2 2017 • 5Congo, Rep. 46.6 2017 • pMauritania 47.4 2017 • pEritrea 48.0 2017 • pYemen, Rep. 50.5 2017 • pUganda 50.5 2017 • pChina 52.7 2017 • DEquatorial Guinea 53.2 2017 • pLibya 54.3 2017 • pSudan 55.4 2017 • p


Afghanistan 56.9 2017 • 5Pakistan 58.3 2017 • 5Kuwait 60.7 2017 • pBangladesh 60.8 2017 • DIraq 61.6 2017 • pChad 66.0 2017 • pBahrain 70.8 2017 • pNigeria 71.8 2017 • pCameroon 72.8 2017 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 87.0 2017 • pSaudi Arabia 87.9 2017 • pIndia 90.9 2017 • pQatar 91.2 2017 • pNiger 94.1 2017 • pNepal 99.7 2017 • pLiechtenstein NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Finland 5.9 2017 • LBrunei Darussalam 5.9 2017 • LNew Zealand 6.0 2017 • LSweden 6.2 2017 • LCanada 6.4 2017 • LIceland 6.5 2017 • LEstonia 6.7 2017 • LNorway 7.0 2017 • LUnited States 7.4 2017 • LMaldives 7.8 2017 • LPortugal 8.2 2017 • LIreland 8.2 2017 • LAustralia 8.6 2017 • LUruguay 9.3 2017 • LSpain 9.7 2017 • LDenmark 10.0 2017 • LMarshall Islands 10.2 2017 • LSwitzerland 10.3 2017 • LAndorra 10.3 2017 • LLuxembourg 10.4 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 10.5 2017 • LKiribati 10.6 2017 • LTonga 10.8 2017 • LFiji 10.8 2017 • LSri Lanka 11.1 2017 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 11.3 2017 • LPanama 11.4 2017 • LSamoa 11.5 2017 • LVanuatu 11.7 2017 • DJapan 11.7 2017 • LFrance 11.8 2017 • LLithuania 11.9 2017 • LSolomon Islands 11.9 2017 • DParaguay 11.9 2017 • LGermany 12.0 2017 • LNetherlands 12.0 2017 • LPapua New Guinea 12.3 2017 • LAustria 12.5 2017 • LBrazil 12.7 2017 • LBelgium 12.9 2017 • DArgentina 13.3 2017 • LJamaica 13.4 2017 • DLatvia 13.4 2017 • LDominican Republic 13.7 2017 • DKazakhstan 13.8 2017 • 5Malta 13.9 2017 • DMauritius 14.5 2017 • DRomania 14.6 2017 • 5Ecuador 14.9 2017 • L

Haiti 15.0 2017 • LCosta Rica 15.7 2017 • LHungary 15.9 2017 • 5Slovenia 16.0 2017 • 5Malaysia 16.0 2017 • DCzech Republic 16.1 2017 • DRussian Federation 16.2 2017 • 5Greece 16.2 2017 • DMoldova 16.3 2017 • 5Indonesia 16.5 2017 • 5Colombia 16.5 2017 • LItaly 16.8 2017 • DVenezuela, RB 17.0 2017 • LEswatini 17.2 2017 • DCyprus 17.3 2017 • DThe Bahamas 17.4 2017 • DSlovak Republic 17.6 2017 • 5Nicaragua 17.6 2017 • LCroatia 17.9 2017 • 5Liberia 18.0 2017 • pPhilippines 18.1 2017 • LAlbania 18.2 2017 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 18.6 2017 • DBelarus 18.8 2017 • DSingapore 19.1 2017 • pBulgaria 19.1 2017 • DTimor-Leste 19.3 2017 • DDominica 19.5 2017 • DCuba 19.7 2017 • DAzerbaijan 19.9 2017 • 5Seychelles 20.2 2017 • 5Ukraine 20.3 2017 • 5Comoros 20.5 2017 • 5Honduras 20.6 2017 • LMontenegro 20.8 2017 • DPoland 20.9 2017 • DMexico 20.9 2017 • DChile 21.0 2017 • DMozambique 21.3 2017 • DIsrael 21.4 2017 • 5Bolivia 21.6 2017 • LSierra Leone 21.6 2017 • pTurkmenistan 21.8 2017 • 5Georgia 22.2 2017 • 5


Zimbabwe 22.3 2017 • 5Guyana 22.4 2017 • 5St. Lucia 22.4 2017 • D






Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population)

The percentage of the urban population with access to improved drinking water piped on premises. An “improved” drinking-water source is one that, by the nature of its construction and when properly used, adequately protects the source from outside contamination, particularly fecal matter.Source: WHO and UNICEF (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Uzbekistan 88.1 2017 • pBolivia 87.9 2017 • pSuriname 87.8 2017 • 5Ethiopia 87.2 2017 • 5Guyana 86.8 2017 • 5Thailand 86.8 2017 • LSenegal 86.2 2017 • 5Cuba 86.1 2017 • 5Iraq 84.5 2017 • pDominican Republic 84.2 2017 • pThe Gambia 83.9 2017 • pNiger 82.9 2017 • pTimor-Leste 82.7 2017 • LLao PDR 82.3 2017 • LAlgeria 81.9 2017 • pMali 81.6 2017 • LUkraine 81.5 2017 • pMalawi 81.5 2017 • 5Vietnam 81.0 2017 • LVanuatu 78.5 2017 • pTurkmenistan 77.8 2017 • pCambodia 77.3 2017 • LYemen, Rep. 77.0 2017 • 5Comoros 76.1 2017 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 76.0 2017 • pSomalia 75.4 2017 • LRwanda 75.0 2017 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 74.7 2017 • pMozambique 74.6 2017 • DZimbabwe 74.4 2017 • pBurkina Faso 74.3 2017 • pSri Lanka 73.8 2017 • pCongo, Rep. 72.8 2017 • pSolomon Islands 70.5 2017 • pMadagascar 69.6 2017 • 5Eritrea 69.0 2016 • 5Sudan 68.6 2017 • 5Zambia 68.2 2017 • pIndia 67.9 2017 • pMauritania 65.5 2017 • DGuinea 65.0 2017 • pCongo, Dem. Rep. 62.9 2017 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 62.4 2017 • pKenya 61.7 2017 • pCameroon 60.8 2017 • pTanzania 58.8 2017 • pAngola 58.0 2017 • DMyanmar 56.9 2017 • DPapua New Guinea 55.4 2017 • p

Nepal 55.3 2017 • pBenin 54.2 2017 • pUganda 53.3 2017 • pNauru 52.8 2017 • 5Chad 52.7 2017 • pPakistan 51.3 2017 • pEquatorial Guinea 48.1 2017 • 5Philippines 46.8 2017 • pAfghanistan 45.1 2017 • 5Togo 44.7 2017 • p


Ghana 39.9 2017 • pSierra Leone 37.8 2017 • pBangladesh 37.1 2017 • 5Guinea-Bissau 35.6 2016 • 5Mongolia 34.5 2017 • pIndonesia 22.7 2017 • pHaiti 20.7 2017 • pNigeria 14.6 2017 • pMarshall Islands 13.0 2017 • pLiberia 9.3 2017 • pSouth Sudan 7.8 2017 • pAntigua and Barbuda NA NA • •Austria NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Bahrain NA NA • •Barbados NA NA • •Brunei Darussalam NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Japan NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Korea, Rep. NA NA • •Kuwait NA NA • •Lebanon NA NA • •Libya NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Qatar NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Saudi Arabia NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Trinidad and Tobago NA NA • •United Arab Emirates NA NA • •Venezuela, RB NA NA • •

Andorra 99.0 2017 • LArmenia 99.0 2017 • LBelgium 99.0 2017 • LBhutan 99.0 2017 • LBrazil 99.0 2017 • LBulgaria 99.0 2017 • LCanada 99.0 2017 • LChile 99.0 2017 • LCosta Rica 99.0 2017 • LCroatia 99.0 2017 • LCyprus 99.0 2017 • LCzech Republic 99.0 2017 • LDenmark 99.0 2017 • LEstonia 99.0 2017 • LFinland 99.0 2017 • LFrance 99.0 2017 • LGermany 99.0 2017 • LGreece 99.0 2017 • LHungary 99.0 2017 • LIceland 99.0 2017 • LIsrael 99.0 2017 • LLithuania 99.0 2017 • LLuxembourg 99.0 2017 • LMalta 99.0 2017 • LMauritius 99.0 2017 • LMonaco 99.0 2017 • LNetherlands 99.0 2017 • LNew Zealand 99.0 2017 • LNorway 99.0 2017 • LPalau 99.0 2017 • LPoland 99.0 2017 • LPortugal 99.0 2017 • LSingapore 99.0 2017 • LSlovenia 99.0 2017 • LSpain 99.0 2017 • LSt. Lucia 99.0 2017 • LSweden 99.0 2017 • LSwitzerland 99.0 2017 • LTonga 99.0 2017 • LTunisia 99.0 2017 • LTuvalu 99.0 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 99.0 2017 • LUnited States 99.0 2017 • LUruguay 99.0 2017 • LMalaysia 98.9 2017 • LTurkey 98.6 2017 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 98.6 2017 • LAzerbaijan 98.5 2017 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 98.5 2017 • L

North Macedonia 98.3 2017 • LSouth Africa 98.3 2017 • LMaldives 98.3 2017 • LPanama 98.3 2017 • LMexico 98.1 2017 • LArgentina 98.0 2017 • LEcuador 97.9 2017 • LDjibouti 97.9 2017 • LBelarus 97.8 2017 • LKyrgyz Republic 97.8 2017 • p


Namibia 97.5 2017 • 5Italy 97.5 2016 • 5Paraguay 97.3 2017 • LLatvia 97.2 2017 • LSlovak Republic 97.2 2017 • 5Serbia 97.0 2017 • 5Fiji 97.0 2017 • 5Ireland 97.0 2017 • 5Botswana 96.8 2017 • 5Russian Federation 96.3 2017 • LHonduras 96.1 2017 • LGeorgia 95.9 2017 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 95.8 2017 • 5Cabo Verde 95.8 2017 • LNicaragua 95.6 2017 • LBelize 95.4 2017 • LColombia 95.2 2017 • 5Eswatini 94.8 2017 • LEl Salvador 94.6 2017 • DGabon 94.5 2017 • 5Montenegro 94.1 2017 • 5Morocco 94.1 2017 • 5Kazakhstan 94.0 2017 • DJamaica 93.4 2017 • 5Oman 93.2 2017 • LPeru 92.6 2017 • LAustralia 92.4 2017 • 5Albania 92.4 2017 • 5China 92.2 2017 • DGuatemala 92.1 2017 • 5Moldova 90.9 2017 • LTajikistan 90.8 2017 • 5Samoa 90.1 2017 • 5Romania 89.8 2017 • 5Burundi 89.4 2017 • LJordan 88.8 2017 • pLesotho 88.5 2017 • 5






Satisfaction with public transport (%) The percentage of the surveyed population that responded “satisfied” to the question “In the city or area where you live, are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the public transportation systems?”.Source: Gallup (2020) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available year)

Finland 56.2 2019 • pBurkina Faso 55.4 2019 • LPeru 55.3 2019 • 5Comoros 54.0 2019 • •Congo, Rep. 53.2 2019 • DUkraine 53.1 2019 • pNicaragua 52.7 2018 • pPortugal 52.2 2019 • 5Lesotho 51.8 2019 • DLebanon 51.8 2018 • pNorth Macedonia 50.8 2019 • pAlbania 50.5 2019 • 5Brazil 50.3 2019 • 5New Zealand 49.9 2019 • 5Cyprus 49.8 2018 • p


Benin 49.3 2019 • LMorocco 49.2 2019 • pBelize 49.1 2014 • •Senegal 48.8 2019 • LParaguay 48.6 2018 • DNamibia 48.6 2019 • pZambia 48.0 2019 • LCroatia 47.8 2018 • pMongolia 47.7 2019 • DCôte d’Ivoire 47.6 2019 • LRwanda 47.2 2019 • pChad 47.1 2018 • LMadagascar 46.6 2019 • LSerbia 46.4 2018 • DUganda 46.2 2018 • pMontenegro 46.1 2019 • pMali 46.0 2019 • LCameroon 45.9 2019 • 5Bulgaria 45.8 2018 • pLibya 45.7 2018 • pAfghanistan 45.3 2018 • pLithuania 44.1 2018 • pMalawi 43.1 2019 • DThe Gambia 42.7 2019 • •Armenia 42.7 2018 • pTunisia 42.6 2019 • 5Mauritania 42.5 2019 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 40.8 2017 • •Ethiopia 39.9 2019 • 5Burundi 39.4 2018 • DGuinea 37.6 2019 • LItaly 34.4 2019 • p

Sudan 33.3 2014 • •Yemen, Rep. 32.9 2018 • DTogo 32.4 2019 • 5Angola 32.2 2014 • •Haiti 30.0 2018 • 5Sierra Leone 28.4 2019 • 5Gabon 27.7 2019 • 5Zimbabwe 27.6 2019 • p

Central African Republic 25.1 2017 • •Venezuela, RB 22.6 2019 • pSouth Sudan 17.7 2017 • •Liberia 16.0 2019 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 15.3 2015 • •Cuba 7.9 2006 • •Andorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Barbados NA NA • •Brunei Darussalam NA NA • •Cabo Verde NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Eritrea NA NA • •Fiji NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Papua New Guinea NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •São Tomé and Príncipe NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •Vanuatu NA NA • •

Singapore 94.5 2019 • LUzbekistan 85.2 2019 • LTajikistan 84.7 2018 • LSwitzerland 83.3 2019 • LBangladesh 81.8 2019 • LUnited Arab Emirates 81.3 2019 • LEl Salvador 80.3 2018 • LLuxembourg 78.8 2019 • LChina 78.6 2018 • •Indonesia 78.4 2019 • LMyanmar 77.0 2019 • LCosta Rica 76.2 2019 • LThailand 75.7 2019 • LBhutan 75.2 2015 • •Netherlands 73.9 2019 • LCambodia 73.8 2019 • LSuriname 73.3 2012 • •Korea, Rep. 73.2 2019 • LAustria 73.0 2019 • LPanama 73.0 2019 • LSaudi Arabia 72.8 2019 • LOman 72.8 2011 • •Bahrain 72.7 2017 • •Guatemala 72.5 2019 • LJamaica 72.2 2017 • •India 71.9 2018 • LEcuador 71.9 2019 • LHonduras 71.9 2019 • LGuyana 71.8 2007 • •Vietnam 71.7 2019 • LLao PDR 71.6 2018 • •Nepal 71.2 2019 • LTurkmenistan 71.0 2019 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 71.0 2018 • LCzech Republic 70.5 2018 • 5Mauritius 70.2 2019 • LUnited Kingdom 69.8 2019 • pPhilippines 68.5 2019 • pBolivia 68.2 2018 • LFrance 67.9 2019 • pKuwait 67.9 2018 • LEstonia 67.4 2019 • LGermany 67.3 2019 • pSri Lanka 67.3 2018 • pAzerbaijan 67.1 2019 • LKyrgyz Republic 66.7 2019 • 5Niger 66.7 2019 • LGeorgia 66.5 2019 • pLatvia 66.5 2018 • 5

Denmark 66.4 2019 • LNigeria 64.8 2018 • LQatar 64.7 2012 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 64.6 2019 • LColombia 64.3 2019 • LIceland 64.1 2017 • •United States 64.0 2019 • LJordan 63.9 2019 • LEswatini 63.6 2019 • •Argentina 63.5 2019 • pSpain 63.4 2019 • pPoland 63.2 2018 • pHungary 63.1 2019 • LTanzania 62.9 2019 • LSweden 62.6 2019 • 5Botswana 62.2 2018 • LKazakhstan 62.1 2019 • DDominican Republic 62.1 2018 • pSomalia 62.0 2016 • •Malaysia 61.0 2019 • pDjibouti 60.8 2011 • •Uruguay 60.7 2018 • LMexico 60.7 2018 • LIreland 60.6 2019 • 5Kenya 60.6 2019 • LMalta 60.3 2019 • LPakistan 60.2 2018 • DNorway 60.2 2019 • DRussian Federation 59.9 2018 • DCanada 59.7 2019 • pSlovenia 59.7 2019 • pMaldives 59.0 2017 • •Slovak Republic 59.0 2018 • LMoldova 59.0 2019 • LBelgium 58.5 2019 • pGhana 58.4 2018 • LMozambique 58.3 2019 • LChile 58.1 2018 • LJapan 58.0 2019 • DIraq 57.9 2018 • DTurkey 57.8 2018 • pAlgeria 57.7 2018 • LRomania 57.5 2019 • pIsrael 57.4 2018 • pBelarus 57.3 2019 • pSouth Africa 57.1 2018 • pGreece 57.0 2018 • DAustralia 56.6 2019 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 56.2 2017 • •






Population with rent overburden (%)(OECD Member States)

Czech Republic 2.5 2017 • •Latvia 2.9 2017 • LKorea, Rep. 3.1 2012 • •Slovak Republic 3.8 2015 • •Lithuania 4.5 2017 • LEstonia 4.7 2017 • LGermany 4.8 2017 • LAustria 5.0 2017 • LSlovenia 5.2 2017 • LFrance 5.2 2017 • LPoland 6.2 2017 • LMexico 6.7 2014 • •Switzerland 6.7 2016 • LIreland 6.9 2017 • LNetherlands 7.0 2017 • LNorway 7.4 2017 • LJapan 8.1 2016 • LPortugal 8.4 2017 • L

Finland 8.4 2017 • pCanada 8.6 2016 • pHungary 8.9 2017 • LBelgium 8.9 2017 • 5Italy 9.1 2017 • DAustralia 9.9 2017 • pSweden 9.9 2017 • pUnited Kingdom 10.4 2017 • LUnited States 11.9 2016 • LSpain 12.9 2017 • LChile 13.9 2017 • pDenmark 15.7 2017 • pLuxembourg 16.9 2017 • pIceland 18.0 2016 • 5Greece 19.7 2017 • DIsrael NA NA • •New Zealand NA NA • •Turkey NA NA • •

Percentage of the population living in households where the total housing costs represent more than 40% of disposable income.Source: OECD (2011) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)






Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day)(Non OECD Member States)

Nauru 1.5 2016 • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1.5 2015 • •Kiribati 1.5 2016 • •Russian Federation 1.5 2012 • •Central African Republic 1.5 2014 • •Tuvalu 1.6 2016 • •Bulgaria 1.6 2015 • •Saudi Arabia 1.6 2015 • •Belarus 1.6 2015 • •Belize 1.6 2015 • •Afghanistan 1.7 2016 • •Andorra 1.7 2012 • •Brunei Darussalam 1.8 2016 • •Albania 1.8 2015 • •Jamaica 1.8 2016 • •United Arab Emirates 1.8 2016 • •Malta 1.8 2015 • •Eswatini 1.8 2016 • •North Macedonia 1.8 2016 • •Uganda 1.8 2011 • •Sri Lanka 1.9 2016 • •Bahrain 1.9 2016 • •Cyprus 1.9 2015 • •Tonga 1.9 2012 • •Croatia 1.9 2015 • •Tajikistan 2.0 2013 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.0 2015 • •Grenada 2.1 2012 • •Samoa 2.1 2011 • •Thailand 2.1 2015 • •Montenegro 2.2 2015 • •The Bahamas 2.2 2015 • •Mauritius 2.3 2016 • •Guyana 2.4 2010 • •Seychelles 2.4 2012 • •Papua New Guinea 2.5 2014 • •Vanuatu 2.7 2016 • •Trinidad and Tobago 2.7 2010 • •South Sudan 2.9 2013 • •Monaco 3.2 2012 • •Maldives 3.3 2015 • •Antigua and Barbuda 3.3 2012 • •Solomon Islands 3.3 2013 • •Burundi 3.5 2002 • •Singapore 3.6 2017 • •

Mongolia 3.7 2016 • •St. Kitts and Nevis 5.2 2015 • •Barbados 5.4 2011 • •Rwanda 5.6 2016 • •Moldova 6.3 2015 • •St. Lucia 6.3 2015 • •Liechtenstein 16.2 2015 • •Benin NA NA • •Congo, Rep. NA NA • •Gabon NA NA • •Guinea NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Namibia NA NA • •Niger NA NA • •

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.2 2016 • •Lesotho 0.3 2006 • •Botswana 0.4 2010 • •Lao PDR 0.4 2015 • •The Gambia 0.4 2002 • •Djibouti 0.4 2002 • •Timor-Leste 0.4 2016 • •Turkmenistan 0.5 2013 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 0.5 2014 • •Mauritania 0.5 2009 • •Sierra Leone 0.5 2004 • •Sudan 0.5 2015 • •Angola 0.6 2012 • •Equatorial Guinea 0.6 2016 • •Suriname 0.6 2010 • •Marshall Islands 0.6 2013 • •Ghana 0.6 2005 • •Liberia 0.6 2007 • •Mozambique 0.6 2014 • •Cameroon 0.6 2013 • •Mali 0.7 2012 • •Bangladesh 0.7 2012 • •Uzbekistan 0.7 2012 • •China 0.7 2015 • •Dominica 0.7 2013 • •Armenia 0.7 2014 • •Zimbabwe 0.7 2002 • •Vietnam 0.8 2010 • •Nigeria 0.8 2009 • •Jordan 0.8 2013 • •Myanmar 0.8 2000 • •Bolivia 0.8 2015 • •Cambodia 0.8 2014 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.8 2017 • •Ethiopia 0.8 2015 • •Philippines 0.8 2016 • •Nepal 0.8 2016 • •Morocco 0.8 2014 • •Colombia 0.8 2011 • •Cuba 0.8 2007 • •Guatemala 0.9 2015 • •Senegal 0.9 2016 • •Peru 0.9 2014 • •Togo 0.9 2014 • •Bhutan 0.9 2007 • •Tunisia 0.9 2014 • •Zambia 0.9 2011 • •Somalia 0.9 2016 • •Venezuela, RB 0.9 2012 • •

Georgia 1.0 2015 • •Eritrea 1.0 2011 • •Guinea-Bissau 1.0 2015 • •Côte d'Ivoire 1.0 2010 • •El Salvador 1.0 2010 • •Cabo Verde 1.0 2012 • •India 1.0 2001 • •Fiji 1.0 2011 • •Costa Rica 1.0 2014 • •Serbia 1.0 2015 • •Qatar 1.0 2012 • •Haiti 1.0 2015 • •Comoros 1.0 2015 • •Lebanon 1.0 2014 • •Uruguay 1.0 2015 • •Chad 1.1 2010 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 1.1 2016 • •Madagascar 1.1 2016 • •Malawi 1.1 2013 • •Honduras 1.1 2016 • •Algeria 1.1 2016 • •Kenya 1.1 2010 • •Libya 1.1 2011 • •Nicaragua 1.1 2010 • •Kuwait 1.1 2010 • •Pakistan 1.1 2017 • •Oman 1.2 2014 • •Paraguay 1.2 2015 • •Argentina 1.2 2014 • •Brazil 1.2 2015 • •Kazakhstan 1.2 2012 • •Indonesia 1.2 2016 • •Burkina Faso 1.2 2015 • •Syrian Arab Republic 1.2 2009 • •Yemen, Rep. 1.3 2016 • •Dominican Republic 1.3 2015 • •Romania 1.3 2015 • •Tanzania 1.3 2012 • •Iraq 1.3 2015 • •South Africa 1.3 2011 • •Ecuador 1.3 2015 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 1.4 2012 • •Kyrgyz Republic 1.4 2015 • •Ukraine 1.4 2016 • •Panama 1.4 2015 • •San Marino 1.4 2016 • •Azerbaijan 1.5 2015 • •Malaysia 1.5 2014 • •Palau 1.5 2016 • •

The amount of waste collected by or on behalf of municipal authorities and disposed of through the waste management system. Waste from agriculture and from industries are not included.Source: World Bank (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)






Electronic waste (kg/capita) Waste from electrical and electronic equipment, estimated based on figures for domestic production, imports and exports of electronic products, as well as product lifespan data.Source: UNU-IAS (2017) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)

Brazil 7.4 2016 • •Thailand 7.4 2016 • •Belarus 7.6 2016 • •Botswana 7.6 2016 • •Gabon 7.6 2016 • •Dominica 7.7 2016 • •Grenada 7.8 2016 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 7.8 2016 • •Turkey 7.9 2016 • •Panama 8.0 2016 • •Kazakhstan 8.2 2016 • •Mexico 8.2 2016 • •Venezuela, RB 8.2 2016 • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines 8.3 2016 • •Argentina 8.4 2016 • •Mauritius 8.6 2016 • •Chile 8.7 2016 • •Malaysia 8.8 2016 • •Palau 9.3 2016 • •St. Lucia 9.3 2016 • •Suriname 9.6 2016 • •Costa Rica 9.7 2016 • •Russian Federation 9.7 2016 • •Montenegro 10.0 2016 • •Uruguay 10.8 2016 • •Latvia 11.0 2016 • •Libya 11.0 2016 • •Bulgaria 11.1 2016 • •Lebanon 11.1 2016 • •Qatar 11.3 2016 • •Seychelles 11.5 2016 • •Romania 11.6 2016 • •Poland 11.9 2016 • •Antigua and Barbuda 12.0 2016 • •St. Kitts and Nevis 12.1 2016 • •Slovak Republic 12.3 2016 • •Croatia 12.6 2016 • •Korea, Rep. 13.1 2016 • •The Bahamas 13.2 2016 • •Lithuania 13.4 2016 • •United Arab Emirates 13.6 2016 • •Barbados 13.7 2016 • •Hungary 13.8 2016 • •Israel 14.1 2016 • •Estonia 14.4 2016 • •Oman 14.9 2016 • •Bahrain 15.5 2016 • •Malta 15.5 2016 • •

Kuwait 15.8 2016 • •Trinidad and Tobago 15.8 2016 • •Czech Republic 15.9 2016 • •Saudi Arabia 15.9 2016 • •Slovenia 16.1 2016 • •Japan 16.9 2016 • •Portugal 17.3 2016 • •Greece 17.5 2016 • •Singapore 17.9 2016 • •Brunei Darussalam 18.3 2016 • •Italy 18.9 2016 • •Cyprus 19.1 2016 • •United States 19.4 2016 • •Ireland 19.9 2016 • •Canada 20.0 2016 • •New Zealand 20.1 2016 • •Spain 20.1 2016 • •Austria 20.9 2016 • •Luxembourg 20.9 2016 • •Finland 21.1 2016 • •Belgium 21.2 2016 • •France 21.3 2016 • •Sweden 21.5 2016 • •Switzerland 22.2 2016 • •Iceland 22.6 2016 • •Germany 22.8 2016 • •Australia 23.6 2016 • •Netherlands 23.9 2016 • •Denmark 24.8 2016 • •United Kingdom 24.9 2016 • •Norway 28.5 2016 • •Andorra NA NA • •Congo, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Cuba NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Haiti NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Liberia NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Somalia NA NA • •South Sudan NA NA • •Syrian Arab Republic NA NA • •Tajikistan NA NA • •Turkmenistan NA NA • •Uzbekistan NA NA • •

Niger 0.4 2016 • •Burundi 0.5 2016 • •Central African Republic 0.5 2016 • •Ethiopia 0.5 2016 • •Guinea-Bissau 0.5 2016 • •Madagascar 0.5 2016 • •Malawi 0.5 2016 • •Rwanda 0.5 2016 • •Sierra Leone 0.5 2016 • •Afghanistan 0.6 2016 • •Burkina Faso 0.6 2016 • •Eritrea 0.6 2016 • •Guinea 0.6 2016 • •Mozambique 0.6 2016 • •Uganda 0.6 2016 • •Benin 0.7 2016 • •Chad 0.7 2016 • •Mali 0.7 2016 • •Solomon Islands 0.7 2016 • •Cameroon 0.8 2016 • •Comoros 0.8 2016 • •Kenya 0.8 2016 • •Kiribati 0.8 2016 • •Nepal 0.8 2016 • •Tanzania 0.8 2016 • •Bangladesh 0.9 2016 • •Cambodia 0.9 2016 • •Côte d’Ivoire 0.9 2016 • •Djibouti 0.9 2016 • •Lesotho 0.9 2016 • •Papua New Guinea 0.9 2016 • •Togo 0.9 2016 • •Zambia 0.9 2016 • •Zimbabwe 0.9 2016 • •Lao PDR 1.0 2016 • •Myanmar 1.0 2016 • •Senegal 1.0 2016 • •Vanuatu 1.0 2016 • •The Gambia 1.1 2016 • •Kyrgyz Republic 1.2 2016 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 1.2 2016 • •Tuvalu 1.2 2016 • •Mauritania 1.3 2016 • •Sudan 1.3 2016 • •Ghana 1.4 2016 • •India 1.5 2016 • •Nigeria 1.5 2016 • •Vietnam 1.5 2016 • •

Yemen, Rep. 1.5 2016 • •Pakistan 1.6 2016 • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 1.7 2016 • •Moldova 1.8 2016 • •Nicaragua 2.2 2016 • •Honduras 2.3 2016 • •Tonga 2.4 2016 • •Bhutan 2.5 2016 • •Samoa 2.6 2016 • •Philippines 2.8 2016 • •Congo, Rep. 3.0 2016 • •Timor-Leste 3.0 2016 • •Angola 3.3 2016 • •Bolivia 3.3 2016 • •Morocco 3.7 2016 • •Guatemala 4.0 2016 • •Sri Lanka 4.5 2016 • •Cabo Verde 4.6 2016 • •Armenia 4.7 2016 • •Mongolia 4.7 2016 • •Indonesia 4.9 2016 • •Eswatini 5.1 2016 • •Fiji 5.1 2016 • •China 5.2 2016 • •Ecuador 5.5 2016 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 5.5 2016 • •Colombia 5.6 2016 • •Jordan 5.6 2016 • •Tunisia 5.6 2016 • •Georgia 5.7 2016 • •South Africa 5.7 2016 • •Dominican Republic 5.8 2016 • •El Salvador 5.8 2016 • •Peru 5.8 2016 • •Jamaica 5.9 2016 • •Belize 6.0 2016 • •Namibia 6.0 2016 • •Guyana 6.1 2016 • •Iraq 6.1 2016 • •Algeria 6.2 2016 • •Paraguay 6.4 2016 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 6.5 2016 • •Ukraine 6.5 2016 • •Azerbaijan 6.7 2016 • •Maldives 6.9 2016 • •Albania 7.1 2016 • •Serbia 7.1 2016 • •North Macedonia 7.2 2016 • •






Production-based SO₂ emissions (kg/capita)

SO₂ emissions associated with the production of goods and services, which are then either exported or consumed domestically. Source: Lenzen et al. (2020) Year of reference: 2012 (or closest available year)

Montenegro 43.2 2012 • •United Arab Emirates 43.4 2012 • •Albania 49.3 2012 • •Oman 49.4 2012 • •Netherlands 50.8 2012 • •United States 51.0 2012 • •Czech Republic 51.8 2012 • •Portugal 52.9 2012 • •United Kingdom 53.9 2012 • •Belgium 54.5 2012 • •Georgia 54.7 2012 • •Lebanon 55.5 2012 • •Cuba 55.8 2012 • •Croatia 57.6 2012 • •Canada 58.1 2012 • •Switzerland 58.3 2012 • •Austria 58.5 2012 • •Panama 58.9 2012 • •Mongolia 59.1 2012 • •Bulgaria 62.0 2012 • •The Gambia 62.5 2012 • •Sweden 63.3 2012 • •Lesotho 63.5 2012 • •Trinidad and Tobago 64.7 2012 • •Chile 66.4 2012 • •Qatar 66.7 2012 • •Kyrgyz Republic 67.3 2012 • •Saudi Arabia 72.3 2012 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 73.8 2012 • •Gabon 74.2 2012 • •Slovak Republic 80.1 2012 • •Liechtenstein 85.7 2012 • •Bahrain 87.5 2012 • •Lithuania 94.1 2012 • •Norway 94.2 2012 • •Finland 96.1 2012 • •Kazakhstan 100.3 2012 • •Greece 102.5 2012 • •Ireland 103.0 2012 • •Namibia 106.2 2012 • •Botswana 108.0 2012 • •Central African Republic 108.3 2012 • •Monaco 109.5 2012 • •Israel 113.8 2012 • •Latvia 114.6 2012 • •Eswatini 114.8 2012 • •Denmark 124.3 2012 • •

Uruguay 124.5 2012 • •Slovenia 126.2 2012 • •Fiji 127.4 2012 • •Jamaica 138.4 2012 • •New Zealand 142.7 2012 • •North Macedonia 144.6 2012 • •Australia 144.6 2012 • •Djibouti 147.2 2012 • •Bhutan 149.5 2012 • •Estonia 186.6 2012 • •Cyprus 193.1 2012 • •Suriname 206.8 2012 • •Mauritius 225.4 2012 • •Luxembourg 225.9 2012 • •Cabo Verde 231.9 2012 • •Singapore 232.6 2012 • •Brunei Darussalam 242.5 2012 • •San Marino 251.2 2012 • •Kuwait 284.2 2012 • •Maldives 285.8 2012 • •Belize 303.7 2012 • •Iceland 344.9 2012 • •Vanuatu 407.7 2012 • •Bahamas, The 413.9 2012 • •Barbados 433.6 2012 • •Guyana 438.2 2012 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 489.3 2012 • •Samoa 555.1 2012 • •Malta 555.8 2012 • •Seychelles 1155.8 2012 • •Antigua and Barbuda 1201.9 2012 • •Comoros NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Sudan 0.0 2012 • •South Sudan 0.2 2012 • •Ethiopia 0.5 2012 • •Belarus 0.7 2012 • •Bangladesh 1.7 2012 • •Nigeria 2.2 2012 • •Tanzania 2.8 2012 • •Myanmar 3.2 2012 • •Zimbabwe 3.9 2012 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 4.0 2012 • •Afghanistan 5.1 2012 • •Algeria 5.3 2012 • •Nepal 5.4 2012 • •Pakistan 5.5 2012 • •Uganda 5.6 2012 • •Mozambique 5.7 2012 • •Côte d’Ivoire 5.7 2012 • •Madagascar 5.9 2012 • •Angola 6.9 2012 • •India 7.0 2012 • •Cameroon 7.2 2012 • •Kenya 7.4 2012 • •Niger 7.6 2012 • •Malawi 8.2 2012 • •Ghana 8.6 2012 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 8.8 2012 • •Burkina Faso 8.9 2012 • •Philippines 9.2 2012 • •Mali 9.5 2012 • •Moldova 9.7 2012 • •Somalia 10.2 2012 • •Indonesia 10.8 2012 • •Cambodia 11.0 2012 • •Yemen, Rep. 11.0 2012 • •Brazil 11.4 2012 • •Sri Lanka 11.5 2012 • •Zambia 11.6 2012 • •Vietnam 11.7 2012 • •Colombia 11.8 2012 • •Chad 11.9 2012 • •Morocco 12.8 2012 • •Haiti 13.1 2012 • •Senegal 13.2 2012 • •Rwanda 13.3 2012 • •Burundi 13.8 2012 • •Guatemala 14.2 2012 • •Benin 15.1 2012 • •Serbia 15.2 2012 • •Guinea 16.6 2012 • •

Bolivia 17.0 2012 • •Tajikistan 17.2 2012 • •Mexico 18.1 2012 • •Lao PDR 18.7 2012 • •Togo 19.0 2012 • •Sierra Leone 20.8 2012 • •Papua New Guinea 20.9 2012 • •Tunisia 21.1 2012 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 22.0 2012 • •Argentina 22.2 2012 • •Liberia 23.1 2012 • •Honduras 23.6 2012 • •Uzbekistan 23.6 2012 • •Congo, Rep. 23.7 2012 • •Ecuador 24.2 2012 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. 24.5 2012 • •Syrian Arab Republic 24.9 2012 • •Azerbaijan 25.2 2012 • •Paraguay 26.1 2012 • •France 26.5 2012 • •Peru 27.9 2012 • •Nicaragua 28.3 2012 • •Thailand 28.4 2012 • •Turkey 28.7 2012 • •Jordan 29.1 2012 • •Romania 29.4 2012 • •Turkmenistan 29.6 2012 • •Iraq 30.0 2012 • •China 30.0 2012 • •El Salvador 30.1 2012 • •Poland 30.7 2012 • •Dominican Republic 31.2 2012 • •Costa Rica 31.7 2012 • •Ukraine 32.3 2012 • •Venezuela, RB 32.8 2012 • •Mauritania 33.0 2012 • •Russian Federation 33.2 2012 • •Germany 34.5 2012 • •Spain 37.2 2012 • •Malaysia 37.5 2012 • •Eritrea 38.0 2012 • •Hungary 38.2 2012 • •Italy 38.7 2012 • •Korea, Rep. 39.7 2012 • •Andorra 40.1 2012 • •Armenia 41.3 2012 • •Japan 42.0 2012 • •Libya 42.4 2012 • •South Africa 43.1 2012 • •




• SDG achievement • Challenges remain • Significant challenges remain • Major challenges remain • Data not available


SO₂ emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita)

Emissions of SO₂ embodied in imported goods and services. SO₂ emissions have severe health impacts and are a significant cause of premature mortality worldwide.Source: Lenzen et al. (2020) Year of reference: 2012 (or closest available year)

Mongolia 4.2 2012 • •Cabo Verde 4.4 2012 • •Lesotho 4.5 2012 • •Albania 4.7 2012 • •Costa Rica 4.9 2012 • •Malaysia 5.1 2012 • •Belize 5.1 2012 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 5.1 2012 • •Georgia 5.2 2012 • •Poland 5.2 2012 • •Bhutan 5.9 2012 • •Hungary 5.9 2012 • •Lebanon 5.9 2012 • •Uruguay 5.9 2012 • •Bulgaria 5.9 2012 • •Panama 6.4 2012 • •Fiji 6.4 2012 • •Vanuatu 6.5 2012 • •Samoa 6.8 2012 • •Israel 8.0 2012 • •Oman 8.0 2012 • •Trinidad and Tobago 8.1 2012 • •Spain 8.2 2012 • •Turkmenistan 8.2 2012 • •Suriname 8.2 2012 • •Italy 8.2 2012 • •Portugal 8.4 2012 • •Maldives 8.7 2012 • •Saudi Arabia 9.1 2012 • •Czech Republic 9.1 2012 • •Bahrain 9.3 2012 • •Slovak Republic 9.3 2012 • •Greece 9.5 2012 • •Croatia 9.5 2012 • •Japan 9.5 2012 • •Korea, Rep. 9.9 2012 • •Namibia 10.2 2012 • •The Bahamas 10.3 2012 • •Mauritius 11.0 2012 • •Qatar 11.1 2012 • •France 11.2 2012 • •United States 11.3 2012 • •Lithuania 11.9 2012 • •Eswatini 12.1 2012 • •Botswana 12.4 2012 • •Canada 12.4 2012 • •Barbados 12.6 2012 • •Belgium 13.7 2012 • •Serbia 13.9 2012 • •

Germany 15.0 2012 • •Slovenia 15.1 2012 • •Australia 15.2 2012 • •New Zealand 15.6 2012 • •Estonia 16.0 2012 • •Latvia 16.0 2012 • •Finland 16.3 2012 • •Cyprus 16.6 2012 • •Netherlands 16.9 2012 • •United Kingdom 17.0 2012 • •Malta 17.0 2012 • •Antigua and Barbuda 17.6 2012 • •Sweden 18.4 2012 • •Denmark 19.1 2012 • •Ireland 19.5 2012 • •Austria 20.6 2012 • •Andorra 21.3 2012 • •Brunei Darussalam 23.0 2012 • •Montenegro 23.0 2012 • •United Arab Emirates 25.2 2012 • •Switzerland 27.5 2012 • •Norway 27.8 2012 • •Liechtenstein 27.9 2012 • •Iceland 29.7 2012 • •Seychelles 30.1 2012 • •Monaco 30.9 2012 • •Kuwait 35.5 2012 • •Singapore 58.1 2012 • •Luxembourg 81.2 2012 • •Guyana 134.3 2012 • •San Marino 145.6 2012 • •Comoros NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Myanmar 0.0 2012 • •Sudan 0.0 2012 • •Somalia 0.0 2012 • •South Sudan 0.1 2012 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.1 2012 • •Chad 0.2 2012 • •Burundi 0.2 2012 • •Ethiopia 0.2 2012 • •Pakistan 0.2 2012 • •Haiti 0.3 2012 • •Belarus 0.3 2012 • •Côte d’Ivoire 0.3 2012 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.3 2012 • •Niger 0.3 2012 • •Moldova 0.3 2012 • •Tanzania 0.3 2012 • •Cameroon 0.3 2012 • •Central African Republic 0.3 2012 • •Eritrea 0.3 2012 • •Mali 0.3 2012 • •Liberia 0.3 2012 • •Mozambique 0.4 2012 • •India 0.4 2012 • •Afghanistan 0.4 2012 • •Madagascar 0.4 2012 • •Bangladesh 0.4 2012 • •Guinea 0.4 2012 • •Malawi 0.4 2012 • •Benin 0.4 2012 • •Sierra Leone 0.5 2012 • •Uganda 0.5 2012 • •Nepal 0.5 2012 • •Senegal 0.5 2012 • •The Gambia 0.5 2012 • •Togo 0.6 2012 • •Burkina Faso 0.6 2012 • •Nigeria 0.6 2012 • •Ghana 0.6 2012 • •Lao PDR 0.6 2012 • •China 0.7 2012 • •Yemen, Rep. 0.7 2012 • •Rwanda 0.7 2012 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.7 2012 • •Uzbekistan 0.9 2012 • •Kenya 0.9 2012 • •Cambodia 1.0 2012 • •Syrian Arab Republic 1.0 2012 • •Philippines 1.0 2012 • •

Vietnam 1.1 2012 • •Zambia 1.1 2012 • •Iraq 1.1 2012 • •Indonesia 1.2 2012 • •Morocco 1.2 2012 • •Nicaragua 1.3 2012 • •Brazil 1.4 2012 • •Algeria 1.4 2012 • •Congo, Rep. 1.4 2012 • •Bolivia 1.5 2012 • •Zimbabwe 1.5 2012 • •Angola 1.6 2012 • •Djibouti 1.6 2012 • •Guatemala 1.6 2012 • •Mauritania 1.8 2012 • •Azerbaijan 1.8 2012 • •Sri Lanka 1.8 2012 • •Venezuela, RB 1.8 2012 • •Ecuador 1.9 2012 • •Cuba 1.9 2012 • •Honduras 1.9 2012 • •Peru 2.0 2012 • •Papua New Guinea 2.0 2012 • •Mexico 2.1 2012 • •Tajikistan 2.1 2012 • •Dominican Republic 2.3 2012 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 2.3 2012 • •Kyrgyz Republic 2.4 2012 • •Tunisia 2.5 2012 • •Colombia 2.6 2012 • •Armenia 2.6 2012 • •Turkey 2.7 2012 • •Ukraine 2.9 2012 • •South Africa 2.9 2012 • •Gabon 3.0 2012 • •Libya 3.1 2012 • •Romania 3.3 2012 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.3 2012 • •Thailand 3.3 2012 • •El Salvador 3.3 2012 • •Jamaica 3.4 2012 • •Russian Federation 3.4 2012 • •Kazakhstan 3.6 2012 • •Paraguay 3.6 2012 • •Argentina 3.8 2012 • •North Macedonia 3.9 2012 • •Jordan 4.0 2012 • •Chile 4.1 2012 • •







Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita)

Bulgaria 24.9 2010 • •Turkey 25.5 2010 • •Barbados 25.9 2010 • •Kenya 26.8 2010 • •Mauritius 26.8 2010 • •Mexico 26.8 2010 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 26.8 2010 • •Russian Federation 27.2 2010 • •Eswatini 27.2 2010 • •Cyprus 27.3 2010 • •Chile 27.5 2010 • •Venezuela, RB 27.6 2010 • •Eritrea 28.0 2010 • •Malaysia 28.1 2010 • •Japan 28.3 2010 • •Slovenia 29.2 2010 • •Turkmenistan 30.1 2010 • •Korea, Rep. 30.2 2010 • •Mali 30.5 2010 • •Montenegro 30.8 2010 • •Somalia 30.8 2010 • •Czech Republic 31.7 2010 • •Kuwait 32.0 2010 • •Hungary 32.8 2010 • •Poland 32.8 2010 • •Saudi Arabia 32.9 2010 • •Qatar 33.2 2010 • •Niger 33.5 2010 • •Malta 34.3 2010 • •Iceland 34.6 2010 • •Portugal 35.5 2010 • •Seychelles 35.8 2010 • •Sweden 36.1 2010 • •Latvia 36.3 2010 • •Mauritania 36.9 2010 • •Germany 37.1 2010 • •Italy 37.3 2010 • •Antigua and Barbuda 37.4 2010 • •United Kingdom 38.0 2010 • •Slovak Republic 39.1 2010 • •Estonia 40.5 2010 • •Romania 41.3 2010 • •United Arab Emirates 41.4 2010 • •Austria 41.4 2010 • •France 42.1 2010 • •Liechtenstein 42.2 2010 • •Namibia 42.6 2010 • •Finland 43.0 2010 • •Norway 43.0 2010 • •

Switzerland 43.3 2010 • •Bolivia 43.8 2010 • •The Bahamas 44.1 2010 • •Spain 45.0 2010 • •Kazakhstan 46.4 2010 • •Argentina 46.6 2010 • •Monaco 48.0 2010 • •Lithuania 48.6 2010 • •South Sudan 50.0 2010 • •Greece 50.6 2010 • •Belgium 51.7 2010 • •Brazil 53.5 2010 • •United States 54.0 2010 • •Botswana 55.6 2010 • •Ireland 57.0 2010 • •Sudan 57.0 2010 • •Denmark 57.3 2010 • •Canada 57.3 2010 • •Israel 60.5 2010 • •Paraguay 61.9 2010 • •Netherlands 62.6 2010 • •Singapore 76.7 2010 • •Mongolia 78.9 2010 • •New Zealand 94.0 2010 • •Luxembourg 99.5 2010 • •Uruguay 101.2 2010 • •Australia 105.4 2010 • •San Marino 148.1 2010 • •Central African Republic 197.8 2010 • •Guyana 234.2 2010 • •Comoros NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Belarus 0.5 2010 • •Liberia 1.4 2010 • •Papua New Guinea 2.1 2010 • •Moldova 2.2 2010 • •Ethiopia 2.9 2010 • •Côte d’Ivoire 4.2 2010 • •Sri Lanka 4.3 2010 • •Malawi 5.3 2010 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. 5.5 2010 • •Zimbabwe 5.7 2010 • •Burundi 5.8 2010 • •Ghana 6.5 2010 • •Mozambique 6.6 2010 • •Madagascar 6.6 2010 • •Gabon 7.2 2010 • •Lao PDR 7.6 2010 • •Congo, Rep. 7.8 2010 • •Philippines 8.0 2010 • •Bangladesh 8.5 2010 • •Zambia 8.7 2010 • •Armenia 9.1 2010 • •Afghanistan 9.1 2010 • •Myanmar 9.3 2010 • •Tajikistan 9.3 2010 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 9.5 2010 • •Haiti 9.8 2010 • •Yemen, Rep. 9.8 2010 • •Rwanda 9.8 2010 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 9.9 2010 • •Togo 9.9 2010 • •Algeria 9.9 2010 • •Angola 10.0 2010 • •Jordan 10.0 2010 • •Nepal 10.0 2010 • •Morocco 10.3 2010 • •Syrian Arab Republic 10.4 2010 • •Tanzania 10.6 2010 • •Nigeria 10.7 2010 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 10.9 2010 • •Guatemala 10.9 2010 • •Cameroon 10.9 2010 • •Maldives 11.7 2010 • •Cambodia 11.9 2010 • •Sierra Leone 12.0 2010 • •Georgia 13.0 2010 • •India 13.2 2010 • •Honduras 13.2 2010 • •Iraq 13.2 2010 • •The Gambia 13.5 2010 • •

Tunisia 13.7 2010 • •El Salvador 13.9 2010 • •Benin 13.9 2010 • •Senegal 14.0 2010 • •Trinidad and Tobago 14.0 2010 • •Indonesia 14.1 2010 • •Vietnam 14.2 2010 • •Bhutan 14.3 2010 • •Costa Rica 14.7 2010 • •Lebanon 15.1 2010 • •Pakistan 15.1 2010 • •Azerbaijan 15.1 2010 • •Samoa 15.8 2010 • •Nicaragua 16.4 2010 • •Uganda 16.4 2010 • •Fiji 16.5 2010 • •Jamaica 16.5 2010 • •Cabo Verde 16.7 2010 • •Albania 17.0 2010 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 17.0 2010 • •North Macedonia 17.1 2010 • •Bahrain 17.3 2010 • •Dominican Republic 18.6 2010 • •Kyrgyz Republic 18.9 2010 • •Peru 19.1 2010 • •Djibouti 19.6 2010 • •Libya 19.7 2010 • •Belize 19.8 2010 • •Uzbekistan 20.3 2010 • •Croatia 20.5 2010 • •Cuba 20.6 2010 • •Lesotho 21.5 2010 • •Serbia 21.6 2010 • •Guinea 21.9 2010 • •Andorra 22.5 2010 • •Panama 22.5 2010 • •Ecuador 22.6 2010 • •Suriname 22.7 2010 • •Oman 23.0 2010 • •China 23.1 2010 • •Brunei Darussalam 23.2 2010 • •Ukraine 23.5 2010 • •Thailand 23.8 2010 • •Vanuatu 23.9 2010 • •Chad 24.0 2010 • •South Africa 24.4 2010 • •Colombia 24.6 2010 • •Burkina Faso 24.9 2010 • •


Reactive nitrogen emitted during the production of commodities, which are then either exported or consumed domestically. Reactive nitrogen corresponds to emissions of ammonia, nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide to the atmosphere, and of reactive nitrogen potentially exportable to water bodies, all of which can be harmful to human health and the environment.Source: Oita et al. (2016) Year of reference: 2010 (or closest available year)






Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita)

Emissions of reactive nitrogen embodied in imported goods and services. Reactive nitrogen corresponds here to emissions of ammonia, nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide to the atmosphere, and of reactive nitrogen potentially exportable to water bodies, all of which can be harmful to human health and the environment.Source: Oita et al. (2016) Year of reference: 2010 (or closest available year)

Bhutan 2.7 2010 • •Fiji 2.8 2010 • •Gabon 2.8 2010 • •North Macedonia 2.9 2010 • •South Africa 3.0 2010 • •Jamaica 3.2 2010 • •Poland 3.4 2010 • •Hungary 3.4 2010 • •Jordan 3.4 2010 • •Bulgaria 3.5 2010 • •Mexico 3.5 2010 • •Suriname 3.6 2010 • •Belize 3.6 2010 • •Chile 3.8 2010 • •Serbia 3.8 2010 • •Russian Federation 4.0 2010 • •Namibia 4.1 2010 • •Paraguay 4.5 2010 • •Costa Rica 4.8 2010 • •Panama 4.8 2010 • •Maldives 5.0 2010 • •Botswana 5.3 2010 • •Eswatini 5.3 2010 • •Croatia 5.7 2010 • •Lebanon 5.9 2010 • •Malaysia 5.9 2010 • •Israel 6.2 2010 • •Uruguay 6.6 2010 • •Trinidad and Tobago 6.7 2010 • •Korea, Rep. 6.9 2010 • •Latvia 7.0 2010 • •Slovak Republic 7.4 2010 • •Czech Republic 7.5 2010 • •Bahrain 7.5 2010 • •Oman 7.7 2010 • •Estonia 7.9 2010 • •Lithuania 8.0 2010 • •New Zealand 8.2 2010 • •Brunei Darussalam 8.4 2010 • •United States 8.4 2010 • •Australia 9.0 2010 • •Saudi Arabia 9.3 2010 • •Japan 9.5 2010 • •Italy 10.1 2010 • •Qatar 10.7 2010 • •Montenegro 10.7 2010 • •Cyprus 10.9 2010 • •Spain 11.0 2010 • •Barbados 11.3 2010 • •

Seychelles 11.5 2010 • •Finland 11.9 2010 • •Slovenia 11.9 2010 • •Liechtenstein 12.0 2010 • •Antigua and Barbuda 12.7 2010 • •Portugal 12.9 2010 • •Greece 12.9 2010 • •Sweden 13.3 2010 • •Monaco 13.8 2010 • •Andorra 14.1 2010 • •The Bahamas 15.4 2010 • •Denmark 16.1 2010 • •United Kingdom 16.2 2010 • •France 16.3 2010 • •Germany 17.0 2010 • •Canada 17.2 2010 • •Malta 17.4 2010 • •Belgium 17.8 2010 • •Iceland 18.0 2010 • •Austria 18.7 2010 • •Mauritius 19.2 2010 • •Ireland 19.8 2010 • •Norway 20.4 2010 • •Netherlands 20.4 2010 • •Switzerland 21.8 2010 • •United Arab Emirates 22.5 2010 • •Singapore 44.3 2010 • •Kuwait 57.8 2010 • •Luxembourg 67.6 2010 • •San Marino 74.6 2010 • •Guyana 166.9 2010 • •Comoros NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Myanmar 0.0 2010 • •Sudan 0.0 2010 • •Somalia 0.0 2010 • •South Sudan 0.0 2010 • •Belarus 0.0 2010 • •Moldova 0.1 2010 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.1 2010 • •Burundi 0.1 2010 • •Pakistan 0.1 2010 • •Ethiopia 0.1 2010 • •Chad 0.1 2010 • •Liberia 0.1 2010 • •Eritrea 0.2 2010 • •Afghanistan 0.2 2010 • •Sierra Leone 0.2 2010 • •Bangladesh 0.2 2010 • •Mozambique 0.2 2010 • •Guinea 0.2 2010 • •Central African Republic 0.2 2010 • •Haiti 0.2 2010 • •Madagascar 0.2 2010 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.2 2010 • •Mali 0.2 2010 • •Nigeria 0.3 2010 • •Uganda 0.3 2010 • •Zimbabwe 0.3 2010 • •Ghana 0.3 2010 • •Lao PDR 0.3 2010 • •Niger 0.3 2010 • •Benin 0.3 2010 • •Cameroon 0.3 2010 • •Côte d’Ivoire 0.3 2010 • •The Gambia 0.3 2010 • •Uzbekistan 0.3 2010 • •Tanzania 0.4 2010 • •Nepal 0.4 2010 • •Malawi 0.4 2010 • •Yemen, Rep. 0.4 2010 • •Rwanda 0.4 2010 • •Senegal 0.5 2010 • •Syrian Arab Republic 0.5 2010 • •Burkina Faso 0.5 2010 • •Tajikistan 0.5 2010 • •Cambodia 0.5 2010 • •Papua New Guinea 0.5 2010 • •India 0.6 2010 • •Iraq 0.6 2010 • •Zambia 0.6 2010 • •

Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.6 2010 • •Togo 0.6 2010 • •Vietnam 0.6 2010 • •China 0.7 2010 • •Morocco 0.7 2010 • •Mauritania 0.7 2010 • •Azerbaijan 0.7 2010 • •Nicaragua 0.8 2010 • •Kyrgyz Republic 0.8 2010 • •Djibouti 0.8 2010 • •Angola 0.9 2010 • •Philippines 0.9 2010 • •Sri Lanka 1.0 2010 • •Algeria 1.0 2010 • •Peru 1.1 2010 • •Indonesia 1.1 2010 • •Congo, Rep. 1.1 2010 • •Armenia 1.2 2010 • •Cuba 1.2 2010 • •Brazil 1.2 2010 • •Bolivia 1.3 2010 • •Guatemala 1.4 2010 • •Ecuador 1.4 2010 • •Mongolia 1.4 2010 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 1.4 2010 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.5 2010 • •Ukraine 1.6 2010 • •Dominican Republic 1.6 2010 • •Venezuela, RB 1.7 2010 • •Honduras 1.7 2010 • •Turkey 1.7 2010 • •Thailand 1.8 2010 • •Libya 1.9 2010 • •Albania 2.0 2010 • •Lesotho 2.1 2010 • •Romania 2.2 2010 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 2.3 2010 • •Tunisia 2.3 2010 • •Cabo Verde 2.3 2010 • •Kenya 2.3 2010 • •Turkmenistan 2.4 2010 • •Kazakhstan 2.4 2010 • •Argentina 2.4 2010 • •Samoa 2.5 2010 • •Colombia 2.5 2010 • •Georgia 2.6 2010 • •Vanuatu 2.6 2010 • •El Salvador 2.7 2010 • •






Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day)(OECD Member States)

Slovenia 0.3 2018 • •Korea, Rep. 0.4 2016 • •Belgium 0.5 2018 • •Lithuania 0.5 2018 • •Germany 0.5 2018 • •Poland 0.6 2018 • •Italy 0.6 2018 • •Netherlands 0.6 2018 • •Czech Republic 0.6 2018 • •Sweden 0.7 2018 • •Austria 0.7 2018 • •Hungary 0.7 2018 • •United Kingdom 0.7 2018 • •Slovak Republic 0.7 2018 • •Japan 0.7 2017 • •Estonia 0.8 2018 • •Latvia 0.8 2018 • •France 0.8 2018 • •

Australia 0.8 2017 • •Spain 0.8 2018 • •Luxembourg 0.8 2018 • •Finland 0.9 2018 • •Switzerland 0.9 2018 • •Mexico 0.9 2012 • •Ireland 0.9 2017 • •Portugal 1.0 2018 • •Turkey 1.0 2018 • •Denmark 1.1 2018 • •Greece 1.1 2017 • •Chile 1.2 2017 • •Norway 1.2 2018 • •United States 1.3 2017 • •Iceland 1.4 2017 • •Israel 1.4 2018 • •Canada NA NA • •New Zealand NA NA • •

The amount of municipal solid waste (MSW), including household waste, that is neither recycled nor composted.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)






Energy-related CO₂ emissions (tCO₂/capita)

Gabon 2.2 2017 • LGrenada 2.3 2017 • 5St. Lucia 2.4 2017 • 5Marshall Islands 2.4 2017 • 5Panama 2.4 2017 • pUruguay 2.5 2017 • pJamaica 2.5 2017 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 2.6 2017 • pGuyana 2.7 2017 • 5Maldives 2.8 2017 • LUzbekistan 3.3 2017 • DCuba 3.3 2017 • 5Algeria 3.4 2017 • 5Latvia 3.4 2017 • 5Botswana 3.5 2017 • 5North Macedonia 3.5 2017 • 5Romania 3.5 2017 • 5Mauritius 3.6 2017 • 5Liechtenstein 3.7 2017 • DUkraine 3.9 2017 • LSwitzerland 3.9 2017 • 5Azerbaijan 3.9 2017 • 5Mexico 4.0 2017 • 5Montenegro 4.1 2017 • 5Seychelles 4.2 2017 • LCroatia 4.2 2017 • 5Suriname 4.2 2017 • 5Sweden 4.3 2017 • 5Barbados 4.4 2017 • 5Turkey 4.4 2017 • pChile 4.6 2017 • pArgentina 4.6 2017 • 5Thailand 4.6 2017 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 4.6 2017 • 5France 4.8 2017 • 5Hungary 4.8 2017 • pPortugal 4.8 2017 • pEquatorial Guinea 4.8 2017 • 5Lithuania 4.9 2017 • pIraq 5.0 2017 • 5San Marino 5.2 2017 • 5Denmark 5.3 2017 • DVenezuela, RB 5.3 2017 • DSpain 5.3 2017 • pItaly 5.4 2017 • pCyprus 5.5 2017 • 5Nauru 5.5 2017 • 5United Kingdom 5.5 2017 • LSerbia 5.7 2017 • p

Slovak Republic 5.9 2017 • pAntigua and Barbuda 5.9 2017 • 5Greece 6.1 2017 • pAndorra 6.2 2017 • 5Bulgaria 6.2 2017 • 5Malta 6.3 2017 • 5Slovenia 6.4 2017 • pChina 6.5 2017 • 5Belarus 6.5 2017 • 5The Bahamas 6.6 2017 • 5


Austria 7.1 2017 • pIreland 7.6 2017 • pMalaysia 7.7 2017 • 5New Zealand 7.8 2017 • pIceland 7.8 2017 • pLibya 7.9 2017 • DPoland 8.0 2017 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 8.1 2017 • 5Finland 8.1 2017 • 5Mongolia 8.2 2017 • pIsrael 8.2 2017 • 5Germany 8.7 2017 • pBelgium 8.8 2017 • pJapan 8.8 2017 • 5Norway 8.8 2017 • 5Czech Republic 9.1 2017 • pSouth Africa 9.1 2017 • DNetherlands 10.1 2017 • pRussian Federation 11.3 2017 • 5Korea, Rep. 11.8 2017 • pSingapore 11.9 2017 • pOman 13.2 2017 • DCanada 14.4 2017 • 5Turkmenistan 14.6 2017 • pAustralia 14.8 2017 • 5Kazakhstan 14.9 2017 • 5Luxembourg 15.1 2017 • DUnited States 15.3 2017 • 5Estonia 15.5 2017 • pBahrain 15.5 2017 • LPalau 17.9 2017 • pSaudi Arabia 17.9 2017 • 5Kuwait 23.3 2017 • 5United Arab Emirates 23.5 2017 • pBrunei Darussalam 25.0 2017 • pTrinidad and Tobago 30.4 2017 • DQatar 44.0 2017 • p

Burundi 0.0 2017 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 0.0 2017 • LSomalia 0.0 2017 • LChad 0.1 2017 • LMalawi 0.1 2017 • LRwanda 0.1 2017 • L


Mali 0.1 2017 • LNiger 0.1 2017 • LEthiopia 0.1 2017 • LUganda 0.1 2017 • LMadagascar 0.1 2017 • LLao PDR 0.1 2017 • LSierra Leone 0.1 2017 • LBurkina Faso 0.2 2017 • LSouth Sudan 0.2 2017 • LEritrea 0.2 2017 • LTanzania 0.2 2017 • LGuinea-Bissau 0.2 2017 • LComoros 0.2 2017 • LZambia 0.2 2017 • LLiberia 0.2 2017 • LKenya 0.3 2017 • LHaiti 0.3 2017 • LThe Gambia 0.3 2017 • LGuinea 0.3 2017 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.3 2017 • LNepal 0.3 2017 • LMozambique 0.3 2017 • LTogo 0.3 2017 • LAfghanistan 0.4 2017 • LSudan 0.4 2017 • LSolomon Islands 0.4 2017 • LTajikistan 0.4 2017 • LTimor-Leste 0.4 2017 • LCambodia 0.5 2017 • LCameroon 0.5 2017 • LCôte d’Ivoire 0.5 2017 • LSenegal 0.5 2017 • LMyanmar 0.5 2017 • LCongo, Rep. 0.5 2017 • LGhana 0.5 2017 • LBangladesh 0.5 2017 • LBenin 0.6 2017 • LNigeria 0.6 2017 • LDjibouti 0.6 2017 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 0.7 2017 • LVanuatu 0.7 2017 • L

Mauritania 0.7 2017 • LKiribati 0.7 2017 • LParaguay 0.8 2017 • LBhutan 0.8 2017 • LYemen, Rep. 0.8 2017 • LNicaragua 0.9 2017 • LGuatemala 0.9 2017 • LZimbabwe 0.9 2017 • LPakistan 0.9 2017 • LPapua New Guinea 0.9 2017 • LHonduras 1.0 2017 • LPhilippines 1.2 2017 • LTuvalu 1.2 2017 • LEswatini 1.2 2017 • LEl Salvador 1.2 2017 • LSri Lanka 1.3 2017 • LAngola 1.3 2017 • LLesotho 1.3 2017 • LMoldova 1.3 2017 • LSamoa 1.4 2017 • LKyrgyz Republic 1.4 2017 • LTonga 1.5 2017 • LCabo Verde 1.5 2017 • LAlbania 1.5 2017 • LMorocco 1.6 2017 • LNamibia 1.6 2017 • LBolivia 1.6 2017 • LFiji 1.7 2017 • LColombia 1.7 2017 • LBelize 1.7 2017 • LGeorgia 1.7 2017 • LIndonesia 1.7 2017 • LMonaco 1.8 2017 • LIndia 1.8 2017 • LCosta Rica 1.8 2017 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 1.8 2017 • LVietnam 1.8 2017 • LTunisia 1.8 2017 • LJordan 1.8 2017 • LDominican Republic 1.9 2017 • LArmenia 2.0 2017 • LDominica 2.0 2017 • L


Egypt, Arab Rep. 2.0 2017 • pPeru 2.0 2017 • pBrazil 2.1 2017 • LLebanon 2.1 2017 • LEcuador 2.2 2017 • L

Emissions of CO₂ that arise from the consumption of energy. This includes emissions due to the consumption of petroleum, natural gas, coal, and also from natural gas flaring.Source: Gütschow et al. (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)






CO₂ emissions embodied in imports (tCO₂/capita)

North Macedonia 0.6 2015 • 5Romania 0.6 2015 • 5Thailand 0.6 2015 • LBelize 0.6 2015 • LJordan 0.6 2015 • LJamaica 0.6 2015 • 5Paraguay 0.6 2015 • LMongolia 0.6 2015 • LKazakhstan 0.7 2015 • LChile 0.7 2015 • LArgentina 0.7 2015 • LMontenegro 0.8 2015 • DCosta Rica 0.8 2015 • 5Maldives 0.8 2015 • LMalaysia 0.8 2015 • DLebanon 0.9 2015 • LGeorgia 0.9 2015 • DSuriname 1.0 2015 • 5Liechtenstein 1.0 2015 • DPanama 1.0 2015 • DBulgaria 1.0 2015 • 5Poland 1.0 2015 • 5Turkmenistan 1.0 2015 • LUruguay 1.1 2015 • DMonaco 1.1 2015 • DHungary 1.1 2015 • 5Namibia 1.2 2015 • DItaly 1.3 2015 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 1.3 2015 • 5Spain 1.3 2015 • 5Israel 1.4 2015 • 5Oman 1.4 2015 • LEswatini 1.4 2015 • 5Croatia 1.4 2015 • 5Botswana 1.5 2015 • 5Bahrain 1.5 2015 • DSaudi Arabia 1.5 2015 • DPortugal 1.6 2015 • 5Greece 1.6 2015 • 5Mauritius 1.7 2015 • 5Slovak Republic 1.7 2015 • 5Latvia 1.7 2015 • 5Czech Republic 1.7 2015 • 5Korea, Rep. 1.7 2015 • 5Qatar 1.7 2015 • LLithuania 1.8 2015 • 5Japan 1.8 2015 • 5France 1.9 2015 • 5United States 1.9 2015 • 5

New Zealand 1.9 2015 • 5Estonia 2.0 2015 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 2.0 2015 • 5Barbados 2.2 2015 • 5Brunei Darussalam 2.2 2015 • DCanada 2.3 2015 • 5Seychelles 2.4 2015 • 5Belgium 2.4 2015 • 5Germany 2.4 2015 • 5Cyprus 2.5 2015 • 5The Bahamas 2.6 2015 • 5Slovenia 2.6 2015 • 5Finland 2.6 2015 • 5Sweden 2.7 2015 • 5Andorra 2.7 2015 • 5Malta 2.8 2015 • 5Ireland 2.8 2015 • 5Netherlands 2.9 2015 • 5Denmark 2.9 2015 • 5Australia 3.0 2015 • 5United Kingdom 3.2 2015 • 5Austria 3.6 2015 • 5Norway 3.7 2015 • 5United Arab Emirates 4.3 2015 • 5Iceland 4.5 2015 • 5Kuwait 4.7 2015 • DSwitzerland 4.8 2015 • 5Singapore 9.3 2015 • 5Luxembourg 15.7 2015 • 5San Marino 21.3 2015 • DGuyana 36.7 2015 • pComoros NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Myanmar 0.0 2015 • LSudan 0.0 2015 • LSomalia 0.0 2015 • LSouth Sudan 0.0 2015 • LChad 0.0 2015 • LBurundi 0.0 2015 • LMoldova 0.0 2015 • LBelarus 0.0 2015 • LLiberia 0.0 2015 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 2015 • L


Niger 0.0 2015 • LEritrea 0.0 2015 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 0.0 2015 • LEthiopia 0.0 2015 • LSierra Leone 0.0 2015 • LMali 0.0 2015 • LPakistan 0.0 2015 • LMozambique 0.0 2015 • LHaiti 0.0 2015 • LBenin 0.0 2015 • LAfghanistan 0.0 2015 • LBurkina Faso 0.0 2015 • LCôte d’Ivoire 0.0 2015 • LGuinea 0.0 2015 • LMalawi 0.0 2015 • LTanzania 0.0 2015 • LRwanda 0.0 2015 • LCameroon 0.0 2015 • LThe Gambia 0.0 2015 • LMadagascar 0.0 2015 • LTogo 0.0 2015 • LUganda 0.1 2015 • LBangladesh 0.1 2015 • LIndia 0.1 2015 • LNepal 0.1 2015 • LSenegal 0.1 2015 • LLao PDR 0.1 2015 • LGhana 0.1 2015 • LNigeria 0.1 2015 • LUzbekistan 0.1 2015 • LChina 0.1 2015 • LYemen, Rep. 0.1 2015 • LZambia 0.1 2015 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 0.1 2015 • LMauritania 0.1 2015 • LAngola 0.1 2015 • LCambodia 0.1 2015 • L

Djibouti 0.1 2015 • LCongo, Rep. 0.1 2015 • LKenya 0.1 2015 • LPapua New Guinea 0.2 2015 • LZimbabwe 0.2 2015 • LNicaragua 0.2 2015 • LVietnam 0.2 2015 • LPhilippines 0.2 2015 • LIraq 0.2 2015 • LSyrian Arab Republic 0.2 2015 • LBolivia 0.2 2015 • LMorocco 0.2 2015 • LIndonesia 0.2 2015 • LTajikistan 0.2 2015 • LGuatemala 0.2 2015 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 0.2 2015 • LBrazil 0.2 2015 • LAlgeria 0.2 2015 • LHonduras 0.3 2015 • LVenezuela, RB 0.3 2015 • LAzerbaijan 0.3 2015 • LSri Lanka 0.3 2015 • LPeru 0.3 2015 • LVanuatu 0.3 2015 • LCuba 0.3 2015 • LSamoa 0.3 2015 • LEcuador 0.3 2015 • LArmenia 0.3 2015 • LCabo Verde 0.4 2015 • LBhutan 0.4 2015 • LLibya 0.4 2015 • LGabon 0.4 2015 • L


Serbia 0.4 2015 • LColombia 0.4 2015 • LEl Salvador 0.4 2015 • LDominican Republic 0.4 2015 • LLesotho 0.4 2015 • LAlbania 0.4 2015 • LMexico 0.4 2015 • LKyrgyz Republic 0.5 2015 • LRussian Federation 0.5 2015 • LTunisia 0.5 2015 • LTurkey 0.5 2015 • LUkraine 0.5 2015 • LFiji 0.5 2015 • DIran, Islamic Rep. 0.5 2015 • LSouth Africa 0.5 2015 • L

CO₂ emissions embodied in imported goods and services.Source: Lenzen et al. (2020) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available year)


Sustainable Development Report 2019 Transformations to achieve the SDGs78




CO₂ emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita)

CO₂ emissions embodied in the exports of coal, gas, and oil. Calculated using a 5-year average of fossil fuel exports and converting exports into their equivalent CO₂ emissions. Exports for each fossil fuel are capped at the country’s level of production.Source: UN Comtrade (2020); EIA (2020) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available year)

France 0.8 2018 • •Malawi 0.8 2017 • •Korea, Rep. 1.3 2018 • •India 1.6 2018 • •Thailand 1.7 2018 • •Tanzania 1.9 2018 • •North Macedonia 2.3 2019 • •Brazil 2.3 2018 • •Turkey 3.0 2018 • •Argentina 3.9 2018 • •Georgia 4.8 2019 • •Greece 5.1 2019 • •Romania 7.3 2019 • •Italy 8.2 2018 • •Ireland 10.1 2018 • •Serbia 10.5 2019 • •Lao PDR 12.7 2018 • •Zimbabwe 13.1 2019 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 13.2 2018 • •Bulgaria 15.3 2018 • •China 16.4 2018 • •Israel 17.5 2018 • •Afghanistan 22.4 2015 • •Spain 22.7 2018 • •Ukraine 24.7 2018 • •Netherlands 37.8 2018 • •Botswana 45.1 2018 • •Vietnam 45.7 2018 • •Slovenia 54.8 2018 • •Slovak Republic 64.0 2018 • •Angola 88.3 2018 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 90.1 2019 • •Philippines 101.1 2018 • •Nigeria 110.2 2018 • •Chile 112.2 2018 • •New Zealand 113.7 2019 • •Kyrgyz Republic 114.5 2018 • •Croatia 115.8 2018 • •Montenegro 131.1 2018 • •Eswatini 162.7 2019 • •Saudi Arabia 214.2 2018 • •Germany 231.9 2018 • •Hungary 266.3 2019 • •Austria 295.2 2018 • •United Kingdom 331.4 2019 • •Peru 365.4 2018 • •Poland 387.1 2019 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 387.8 2017 • •

Uzbekistan 468.2 2018 • •Mexico 651.8 2019 • •Czech Republic 671.4 2019 • •Mozambique 733.2 2018 • •Myanmar 748.6 2018 • •United States 869.0 2019 • •Algeria 918.8 2017 • •South Africa 1690.1 2018 • •Azerbaijan 1795.8 2019 • •Malaysia 2200.7 2018 • •Bolivia 2797.2 2018 • •Indonesia 3001.8 2018 • •Canada 3453.1 2019 • •Russian Federation 3625.6 2018 • •Colombia 4223.2 2018 • •Oman 4773.1 2018 • •Kazakhstan 4963.3 2019 • •United Arab Emirates 6281.1 2018 • •Trinidad and Tobago 17806.5 2015 • •Mongolia 20728.8 2018 • •Brunei Darussalam 40507.6 2018 • •Australia 45100.5 2018 • •Norway 45780.3 2018 • •Qatar 107901.6 2018 • •Bhutan NA NA • •Chad NA NA • •Congo, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Costa Rica NA NA • •Cuba NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Gabon NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Libya NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Mauritania NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Papua New Guinea NA NA • •Paraguay NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •South Sudan NA NA • •Suriname NA NA • •Syrian Arab Republic NA NA • •Tajikistan NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Turkmenistan NA NA • •Venezuela, RB NA NA • •

Antigua and Barbuda* 0.0 2018 • •Armenia 0.0 2019 • •The Bahamas 0.0 2015 • •Bahrain 0.0 2018 • •Bangladesh 0.0 2015 • •Belgium 0.0 2019 • •Benin 0.0 2015 • •Burkina Faso * 0.0 2018 • •Burundi * 0.0 2018 • •Cabo Verde * 0.0 2018 • •Cambodia 0.0 2018 • •Central African Republic * 0.0 2018 • •Comoros 0.0 2018 • •Cyprus 0.0 2017 • •Djibouti * 0.0 2018 • •Dominica * 0.0 2018 • •Dominican Republic 0.0 2017 • •El Salvador 0.0 2019 • •Eritrea * 0.0 2018 • •Ethiopia 0.0 2017 • •Fiji 0.0 2018 • •The Gambia 0.0 2017 • •Grenada * 0.0 2018 • •Guatemala 0.0 2019 • •Guinea * 0.0 2018 • •Guinea-Bissau * 0.0 2018 • •Guyana 0.0 2018 • •Haiti * 0.0 2018 • •Honduras 0.0 2015 • •Iceland 0.0 2017 • •Jamaica 0.0 2017 • •Jordan 0.0 2017 • •Kenya 0.0 2018 • •Latvia 0.0 2018 • •Lebanon 0.0 2018 • •Lesotho 0.0 2017 • •Liberia * 0.0 2018 • •Luxembourg 0.0 2018 • •Madagascar 0.0 2018 • •Maldives * 0.0 2018 • •Mali 0.0 2017 • •Malta 0.0 2019 • •Mauritius 0.0 2016 • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. * 0.0 2017 • •Moldova 0.0 2018 • •Morocco 0.0 2018 • •Namibia 0.0 2018 • •Nauru * 0.0 2018 • •

Nepal 0.0 2017 • •Nicaragua 0.0 2017 • •Niger 0.0 2015 • •Panama 0.0 2016 • •Portugal 0.0 2019 • •Rwanda 0.0 2016 • •Samoa 0.0 2018 • •São Tomé and Príncipe* 0.0 2018 • •Senegal 0.0 2019 • •Seychelles 0.0 2017 • •Sierra Leone 0.0 2017 • •Solomon Islands 0.0 2016 • •Somalia * 0.0 2018 • •Sri Lanka 0.0 2017 • •St. Kitts and Nevis * 0.0 2018 • •St. Lucia 0.0 2016 • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.0 2017 • •Sweden 0.0 2019 • •Switzerland 0.0 2019 • •Togo 0.0 2017 • •Tonga * 0.0 2018 • •Tuvalu * 0.0 2017 • •Uganda 0.0 2018 • •Uruguay 0.0 2018 • •Vanuatu * 0.0 2018 • •Yemen, Rep. 0.0 2015 • •Barbados 0.0 2018 • •Belarus 0.0 2018 • •Cameroon 0.0 2017 • •Côte d’Ivoire 0.0 2018 • •Finland 0.0 2018 • •Lithuania 0.0 2018 • •Singapore 0.0 2018 • •Sudan 0.0 2017 • •Tunisia 0.0 2017 • •Belize 0.0 2019 • •Ghana 0.0 2018 • •Albania 0.0 2016 • •Pakistan 0.0 2018 • •Estonia 0.0 2019 • •Denmark 0.0 2019 • •Ecuador 0.0 2018 • •Congo, Rep. 0.0 2017 • •Japan 0.0 2019 • •Iraq 0.0 2016 • •Kuwait 0.3 2018 • •Zambia 0.5 2019 • •Andorra 0.7 2017 • •


79 Sustainable Development Report 2019 Transformations to achieve the SDGs




Effective carbon rate (EUR/tCO₂)(OECD Member States)

The price of carbon emissions resulting from taxes and emissions trading systems, excluding CO₂ emissions from biomass.Source: OECD (2016) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)

Denmark 67.0 2016 • •Netherlands 54.0 2016 • •Norway 51.0 2016 • •Sweden 43.8 2016 • •Finland 38.8 2016 • •Austria 29.3 2016 • •Israel 28.8 2016 • •Switzerland 28.6 2016 • •Germany 25.4 2016 • •Slovenia 23.3 2016 • •Greece 22.6 2016 • •Ireland 21.8 2016 • •Italy 20.5 2016 • •Iceland 18.1 2016 • •Slovak Republic 18.1 2016 • •United Kingdom 14.6 2016 • •Spain 12.5 2016 • •Estonia 12.1 2016 • •

Poland 11.9 2016 • •France 11.8 2016 • •Korea, Rep. 9.9 2016 • •Portugal 9.0 2016 • •Turkey 8.1 2016 • •Japan 7.8 2016 • •Belgium 7.6 2016 • •Czech Republic 7.6 2016 • •Luxembourg 6.3 2016 • •Hungary 5.9 2016 • •Canada 3.8 2016 • •Australia 2.6 2016 • •New Zealand 1.5 2016 • •United States 0.8 2016 • •Mexico 0.3 2016 • •Chile -0.1 2016 • •Latvia NA NA • •Lithuania NA NA • •






Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%)

The mean percentage area of marine Key Biodiversity Areas (sites that are important for the global persistence of marine biodiversity) that are protected.Source: Birdlife International et al. (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Seychelles 22.9 2018 • 5China 21.7 2018 • 5Myanmar 21.4 2018 • LSaudi Arabia 20.8 2018 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 19.5 2018 • 5Cambodia 19.2 2018 • 5Timor-Leste 18.8 2018 • 5Madagascar 18.3 2018 • DFiji 15.9 2018 • 5St. Lucia 15.5 2018 • 5Iceland 14.6 2018 • 5Marshall Islands 12.3 2018 • 5Samoa 11.9 2018 • 5Mauritius 11.8 2018 • 5Oman 10.4 2018 • 5Solomon Islands 9.4 2018 • 5Barbados 7.6 2018 • 5Tonga 5.9 2018 • 5Lebanon 5.1 2018 • 5Vanuatu 4.7 2018 • 5Turkey 4.1 2018 • 5Singapore 3.3 2018 • 5Cabo Verde 3.1 2018 • 5Papua New Guinea 1.9 2018 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 1.6 2018 • 5Angola 0.9 2018 • 5Libya 0.3 2018 • 5Comoros 0.0 2018 • 5Djibouti 0.0 2018 • 5Dominica 0.0 2018 • 5Eritrea 0.0 2018 • 5Haiti 0.0 2018 • 5Iraq 0.0 2018 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 2018 • 5Maldives 0.0 2018 • 5Montenegro 0.0 2018 • 5Nauru 0.0 2018 • 5Somalia 0.0 2018 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 0.0 2018 • 5Afghanistan NA NA • •Andorra NA NA • •Armenia NA NA • •Austria NA NA • •Azerbaijan NA NA • •Belarus NA NA • •Bhutan NA NA • •Bolivia NA NA • •Bosnia and Herzegovina NA NA • •

Botswana NA NA • •Burkina Faso NA NA • •Burundi NA NA • •Cameroon NA NA • •Central African Republic NA NA • •Chad NA NA • •Congo, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Congo, Rep. NA NA • •Côte d’Ivoire NA NA • •Czech Republic NA NA • •Eswatini NA NA • •Ethiopia NA NA • •Guyana NA NA • •Hungary NA NA • •Israel NA NA • •Jordan NA NA • •Kazakhstan NA NA • •Kyrgyz Republic NA NA • •Lao PDR NA NA • •Lesotho NA NA • •Liberia NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Luxembourg NA NA • •Malawi NA NA • •Mali NA NA • •Moldova NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Mongolia NA NA • •Nepal NA NA • •Niger NA NA • •Nigeria NA NA • •North Macedonia NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Paraguay NA NA • •Rwanda NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Serbia NA NA • •Slovak Republic NA NA • •South Sudan NA NA • •Switzerland NA NA • •Tajikistan NA NA • •Togo NA NA • •Turkmenistan NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •Uganda NA NA • •Uzbekistan NA NA • •Zambia NA NA • •Zimbabwe NA NA • •

Equatorial Guinea 100.0 2018 • LRomania 99.3 2018 • LBulgaria 99.3 2018 • LMalta 98.9 2018 • LEstonia 97.8 2018 • LLatvia 95.8 2018 • LBelgium 93.4 2018 • LNamibia 91.3 2018 • LDenmark 89.4 2018 • LSlovenia 88.6 2018 • LSudan 87.5 2018 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 86.4 2018 • LGreece 86.4 2018 • LGermany 85.6 2018 • LSpain 85.6 2018 • LIreland 84.5 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 84.0 2018 • LPoland 83.8 2018 • LNetherlands 81.5 2018 • LFrance 79.4 2018 • LDominican Republic 79.2 2018 • LMexico 78.6 2018 • LPeru 77.9 2018 • LEcuador 76.9 2018 • LCroatia 75.2 2018 • LGuinea 74.3 2018 • LSuriname 74.2 2018 • LItaly 73.8 2018 • LJapan 73.5 2018 • LGhana 72.4 2018 • LLithuania 67.3 2018 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 66.2 2018 • LMozambique 66.1 2018 • LAustralia 66.0 2018 • LPortugal 65.7 2018 • LColombia 65.2 2018 • LBrazil 65.2 2018 • LMauritania 64.4 2018 • LUnited States 61.4 2018 • LBrunei Darussalam 60.9 2018 • LThailand 60.4 2018 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 60.3 2018 • LKenya 60.2 2018 • LAlbania 60.1 2018 • LCuba 60.0 2018 • LSweden 59.1 2018 • LSierra Leone 57.6 2018 • LTanzania 55.7 2018 • LNorway 55.2 2018 • L

Costa Rica 54.9 2018 • LThe Gambia 54.4 2018 • LFinland 54.3 2018 • LGuinea-Bissau 53.8 2018 • LNicaragua 52.9 2018 • LUruguay 52.5 2018 • LGrenada 52.2 2018 • LSouth Africa 51.9 2018 • LGabon 51.3 2018 • LUnited Arab Emirates 49.7 2018 • LHonduras 48.9 2018 • 5Venezuela, RB 48.7 2018 • 5Ukraine 47.9 2018 • 5El Salvador 46.6 2018 • 5New Zealand 44.6 2018 • 5Vietnam 44.2 2018 • 5Philippines 44.2 2018 • 5Sri Lanka 43.4 2018 • 5Kiribati 40.2 2018 • 5Qatar 40.0 2018 • 5Pakistan 39.3 2018 • 5Guatemala 39.3 2018 • LCyprus 39.2 2018 • 5Morocco 38.7 2018 • 5India 37.7 2018 • 5Bahrain 36.6 2018 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 35.5 2018 • 5Argentina 35.3 2018 • LBangladesh 34.5 2018 • 5Canada 33.1 2018 • DKuwait 32.1 2018 • 5Panama 32.0 2018 • 5Senegal 31.5 2018 • DTunisia 31.1 2018 • 5Yemen, Rep. 30.8 2018 • 5Benin 30.6 2018 • 5Jamaica 30.6 2018 • 5Algeria 30.0 2018 • 5The Bahamas 29.4 2018 • 5Malaysia 28.5 2018 • 5Belize 27.7 2018 • 5Georgia 26.5 2018 • 5


Chile 24.8 2018 • 5Russian Federation 24.8 2018 • 5Korea, Rep. 24.2 2018 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 23.7 2018 • 5Indonesia 23.4 2018 • 5






Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best)

The clean waters subgoal of the Ocean Health Index measures to what degree marine waters under national jurisdictions have been contaminated by chemicals, excessive nutrients (eutrophication), human pathogens, and trash.Source: Ocean Health Index (2019) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available year)

Tanzania 50.5 2019 • 5Turkey 50.5 2019 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 50.4 2019 • pDominican Republic 50.4 2019 • 5The Gambia 50.1 2019 • 5Italy 50.0 2019 • pLiberia 49.6 2019 • 5Congo, Rep. 49.1 2019 • DFrance 49.1 2019 • pTunisia 49.1 2019 • 5Spain 48.6 2019 • pMyanmar 48.5 2019 • pJordan 47.2 2019 • pKenya 46.9 2019 • pSenegal 46.6 2019 • 5Pakistan 45.5 2019 • 5Netherlands 45.4 2019 • 5Vietnam 45.2 2019 • 5Lithuania 45.1 2019 • 5Sudan 45.0 2019 • pIraq 44.9 2019 • pJamaica 44.7 2019 • 5Poland 44.3 2019 • DEl Salvador 44.2 2019 • pGuinea 44.0 2019 • 5Sierra Leone 43.2 2019 • 5Bulgaria 42.3 2019 • 5Haiti 41.6 2019 • 5Algeria 41.4 2019 • 5Malta 41.1 2019 • pCôte d’Ivoire 40.7 2019 • p


Congo, Dem. Rep. 39.5 2019 • pSingapore 38.7 2019 • pComoros 38.6 2019 • pSyrian Arab Republic 37.6 2019 • 5Nigeria 37.1 2019 • pMarshall Islands 36.3 2019 • 5Ghana 36.2 2019 • 5Cameroon 36.1 2019 • 5China 35.0 2019 • 5Bangladesh 33.5 2019 • 5Lebanon 33.0 2019 • 5Guatemala 31.9 2019 • 5Belgium 31.9 2019 • pIsrael 30.2 2019 • 5India 29.5 2019 • 5Slovenia 28.4 2019 • p

Kiribati 28.2 2019 • 5Nauru 24.2 2019 • pBenin 23.8 2019 • 5Togo 21.4 2019 • 5Monaco 19.6 2019 • pAfghanistan NA NA • •Andorra NA NA • •Armenia NA NA • •Austria NA NA • •Azerbaijan NA NA • •Belarus NA NA • •Bhutan NA NA • •Bolivia NA NA • •Botswana NA NA • •Burkina Faso NA NA • •Burundi NA NA • •Central African Republic NA NA • •Chad NA NA • •Czech Republic NA NA • •Eswatini NA NA • •Ethiopia NA NA • •Hungary NA NA • •Kazakhstan NA NA • •Kyrgyz Republic NA NA • •Lao PDR NA NA • •Lesotho NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Luxembourg NA NA • •Malawi NA NA • •Mali NA NA • •Moldova NA NA • •Mongolia NA NA • •Nepal NA NA • •Niger NA NA • •North Macedonia NA NA • •Paraguay NA NA • •Rwanda NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Serbia NA NA • •Slovak Republic NA NA • •South Sudan NA NA • •Switzerland NA NA • •Tajikistan NA NA • •Turkmenistan NA NA • •Uganda NA NA • •Uzbekistan NA NA • •Zambia NA NA • •Zimbabwe NA NA • •

Canada 94.0 2019 • LChile 93.8 2019 • LSamoa 92.2 2019 • LNamibia 83.2 2019 • LArgentina 81.9 2019 • LAustralia 80.3 2019 • LIceland 79.3 2019 • LSuriname 78.8 2019 • LSeychelles 78.4 2019 • LNew Zealand 78.3 2019 • LNorway 77.0 2019 • LGuyana 74.8 2019 • LFiji 73.1 2019 • LSolomon Islands 72.6 2019 • LCosta Rica 72.6 2019 • LUnited States 72.6 2019 • LPalau 72.0 2019 • LFinland 70.0 2019 • pEcuador 68.5 2019 • LUnited Arab Emirates 68.3 2019 • LRussian Federation 67.9 2019 • DTonga 66.9 2019 • LBelize 66.3 2019 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 66.1 2019 • 5Oman 66.1 2019 • pEstonia 66.0 2019 • pNicaragua 65.1 2019 • LMauritius 65.0 2019 • 5Panama 64.9 2019 • LPapua New Guinea 64.9 2019 • DCroatia 64.6 2019 • DMexico 64.4 2019 • DUnited Kingdom 64.2 2019 • 5Barbados 64.1 2019 • DMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 63.7 2019 • LGabon 63.6 2019 • LColombia 63.5 2019 • LSweden 63.4 2019 • pSaudi Arabia 62.5 2019 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 62.3 2019 • pQatar 62.3 2019 • DCabo Verde 62.2 2019 • LVenezuela, RB 62.0 2019 • 5Vanuatu 61.9 2019 • pThe Bahamas 61.8 2019 • DAntigua and Barbuda 61.6 2019 • pMontenegro 61.3 2019 • DIreland 61.3 2019 • 5Somalia 61.0 2019 • 5

Mauritania 60.8 2019 • pThailand 60.2 2019 • LBrazil 60.2 2019 • 5Grenada 59.9 2019 • DKorea, Rep. 59.8 2019 • pKuwait 59.6 2019 • pJapan 59.4 2019 • p


Honduras 59.2 2019 • pDominica 58.9 2019 • DUkraine 58.9 2019 • pCyprus 58.6 2019 • DGreece 58.5 2019 • pMaldives 58.4 2019 • LUruguay 58.3 2019 • 5Cuba 58.1 2019 • pSri Lanka 58.1 2019 • DRomania 58.1 2019 • 5Indonesia 58.0 2019 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 57.8 2019 • 5Madagascar 57.7 2019 • pEquatorial Guinea 57.5 2019 • pMalaysia 57.4 2019 • pBrunei Darussalam 57.2 2019 • 5Peru 57.0 2019 • 5Albania 56.7 2019 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 56.6 2019 • 5Libya 56.4 2019 • pGuinea-Bissau 56.1 2019 • 5South Africa 55.6 2019 • 5Morocco 55.3 2019 • pGeorgia 55.0 2019 • pAngola 55.0 2019 • pBahrain 54.6 2019 • DMozambique 54.1 2019 • pEritrea 54.0 2019 • pPhilippines 54.0 2019 • DKorea, Dem. Rep. 53.6 2019 • 5Latvia 53.6 2019 • 5Yemen, Rep. 53.6 2019 • pTimor-Leste 53.3 2019 • 5Cambodia 53.1 2019 • DSt. Lucia 52.8 2019 • pDenmark 52.5 2019 • pTuvalu 52.4 2019 • 5Portugal 52.3 2019 • pDjibouti 51.6 2019 • 5Germany 51.0 2019 • 5






Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch)

The percentage of a country’s total catch, within its exclusive economic zone (EEZ), that is comprised of species that are overexploited or collapsed, weighted by the quality of fish catch data.Source: Sea around Us (2018); EPI (2018) Year of reference: 2014 (or closest available year)

Guinea-Bissau 54.1 2014 • pThailand 55.6 2014 • pPapua New Guinea 56.9 2014 • pCuba 58.0 2014 • 5Iceland 58.3 2014 • pPoland 59.9 2014 • LTurkey 61.6 2014 • pAlgeria 64.9 2014 • pPortugal 67.2 2014 • 5Libya 67.5 2014 • pAntigua and Barbuda 68.9 2014 • pJapan 70.8 2014 • pAustralia 73.7 2014 • pArgentina 74.0 2014 • pJamaica 74.1 2014 • pItaly 75.1 2014 • pVenezuela, RB 80.1 2014 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 94.4 2014 • pEl Salvador 100.0 2014 • pAfghanistan NA NA • •Albania NA NA • •Andorra NA NA • •Armenia NA NA • •Austria NA NA • •Azerbaijan NA NA • •Bahrain NA NA • •Belarus NA NA • •Belgium NA NA • •Belize NA NA • •Benin NA NA • •Bhutan NA NA • •Bolivia NA NA • •Bosnia and Herzegovina NA NA • •Botswana NA NA • •Brunei Darussalam NA NA • •Bulgaria NA NA • •Burkina Faso NA NA • •Burundi NA NA • •Cameroon NA NA • •Central African Republic NA NA • •Chad NA NA • •Congo, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Congo, Rep. NA NA • •Czech Republic NA NA • •Djibouti NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Eswatini NA NA • •

Ethiopia NA NA • •The Gambia NA NA • •Georgia NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Hungary NA NA • •Iraq NA NA • •Israel NA NA • •Jordan NA NA • •Kazakhstan NA NA • •Kuwait NA NA • •Kyrgyz Republic NA NA • •Lao PDR NA NA • •Lebanon NA NA • •Lesotho NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Lithuania NA NA • •Luxembourg NA NA • •Malawi NA NA • •Mali NA NA • •Moldova NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Mongolia NA NA • •Montenegro NA NA • •Nepal NA NA • •Niger NA NA • •North Macedonia NA NA • •Paraguay NA NA • •Qatar NA NA • •Romania NA NA • •Rwanda NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Serbia NA NA • •Singapore NA NA • •Slovak Republic NA NA • •Slovenia NA NA • •South Sudan NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Switzerland NA NA • •Syrian Arab Republic NA NA • •Tajikistan NA NA • •Togo NA NA • •Turkmenistan NA NA • •Uganda NA NA • •Uzbekistan NA NA • •Zambia NA NA • •Zimbabwe NA NA • •

Yemen, Rep. 0.1 2014 • LEstonia 1.4 2014 • LMarshall Islands 1.5 2014 • LVietnam 1.6 2014 • LBangladesh 1.7 2014 • LSierra Leone 2.5 2014 • LGuinea 3.5 2014 • LKiribati 3.6 2014 • LDominican Republic 3.8 2014 • LTuvalu 3.8 2014 • LPalau 4.1 2014 • LOman 4.5 2014 • LPeru 4.9 2014 • LTunisia 5.1 2014 • LComoros 5.6 2014 • LKorea, Rep. 6.1 2014 • LMorocco 6.2 2014 • LFinland 6.2 2014 • LCroatia 7.0 2014 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 8.6 2014 • LChina 8.8 2014 • LHaiti 9.7 2014 • LTimor-Leste 10.0 2014 • LEritrea 10.7 2014 • LColombia 11.8 2014 • LIndia 12.0 2014 • LAngola 12.1 2014 • LNamibia 12.3 2014 • LMalta 12.5 2014 • LHonduras 12.6 2014 • LNauru 13.3 2014 • LLiberia 13.4 2014 • LEquatorial Guinea 13.8 2014 • LNigeria 14.2 2014 • LGuatemala 15.0 2014 • LSomalia 15.4 2014 • LMauritania 15.6 2014 • LFrance 16.0 2014 • LTanzania 17.0 2014 • LMadagascar 17.4 2014 • LUnited Arab Emirates 17.7 2014 • LUnited Kingdom 18.6 2014 • LMyanmar 19.5 2014 • LMozambique 19.9 2014 • LSaudi Arabia 20.4 2014 • LSri Lanka 20.9 2014 • LNorway 21.2 2014 • LIndonesia 21.2 2014 • LIreland 21.4 2014 • L

Ukraine 21.5 2014 • LNicaragua 21.7 2014 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 21.8 2014 • LMalaysia 23.2 2014 • LFiji 24.4 2014 • LCabo Verde 24.4 2014 • LCosta Rica 25.1 2014 • pCyprus 25.1 2014 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 25.4 2014 • LCôte d’Ivoire 25.8 2014 • pSenegal 26.5 2014 • LTrinidad and Tobago 26.8 2014 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 27.7 2014 • LThe Bahamas 28.1 2014 • pSolomon Islands 28.7 2014 • pEcuador 29.2 2014 • LSeychelles 29.7 2014 • LUnited States 29.8 2014 • pSuriname 30.0 2014 • pSamoa 30.6 2014 • pMaldives 30.8 2014 • pPhilippines 30.9 2014 • pBrazil 31.6 2014 • pNetherlands 31.7 2014 • LSouth Africa 33.6 2014 • pVanuatu 34.4 2014 • pNew Zealand 35.3 2014 • LGuyana 35.4 2014 • LMexico 35.5 2014 • pSpain 35.5 2014 • LUruguay 36.3 2014 • LGhana 37.0 2014 • LSudan 39.2 2014 • DTonga 39.8 2014 • pPanama 39.9 2014 • LPakistan 40.3 2014 • pSweden 41.3 2014 • pChile 41.5 2014 • DGabon 43.2 2014 • pCambodia 44.9 2014 • pKenya 44.9 2014 • pDenmark 45.1 2014 • LCanada 45.5 2014 • 5Germany 46.6 2014 • LMauritius 47.9 2014 • pGreece 48.5 2014 • pRussian Federation 52.1 2014 • pBarbados 52.2 2014 • 5Latvia 54.0 2014 • p






Fish caught by trawling (%) The percentage of fish caught by trawling, a method of fishing in which industrial fishing vessels drag large nets (trawls) along the seabed.Source: Sea around Us (2018); EPI (2018) Year of reference: 2014 (or closest available year)

Cambodia 61.4 2014 • pMorocco 62.0 2014 • 5Vietnam 64.0 2014 • pIceland 70.3 2014 • pRomania 70.3 2014 • LDenmark 71.2 2014 • 5United Kingdom 71.2 2014 • pBelize 78.2 2014 • pSweden 79.3 2014 • 5Finland 79.3 2014 • p

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 80.2 2012 • •Germany 80.6 2014 • 5Ireland 85.9 2014 • 5Albania 86.3 2014 • 5Namibia 88.1 2014 • 5Slovenia 89.7 2012 • •Ukraine 90.0 2014 • pDominica 92.1 2014 • 5Malta 93.6 2014 • 5Belgium 97.1 2014 • 5Netherlands 97.4 2014 • 5Afghanistan NA NA • •Andorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •Armenia NA NA • •Austria NA NA • •Azerbaijan NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Barbados NA NA • •Belarus NA NA • •Bhutan NA NA • •Bolivia NA NA • •Bosnia and Herzegovina NA NA • •Botswana NA NA • •Burkina Faso NA NA • •Burundi NA NA • •Central African Republic NA NA • •Chad NA NA • •Comoros NA NA • •Congo, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Cyprus NA NA • •Czech Republic NA NA • •Djibouti NA NA • •Dominican Republic NA NA • •Eritrea NA NA • •Eswatini NA NA • •

Ethiopia NA NA • •Fiji NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Haiti NA NA • •Hungary NA NA • •Jamaica NA NA • •Jordan NA NA • •Kazakhstan NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Kyrgyz Republic NA NA • •Lao PDR NA NA • •Lesotho NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Luxembourg NA NA • •Malawi NA NA • •Mali NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Moldova NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Mongolia NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Nepal NA NA • •Niger NA NA • •North Macedonia NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Paraguay NA NA • •Qatar NA NA • •Rwanda NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Serbia NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Singapore NA NA • •Slovak Republic NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •South Sudan NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •Switzerland NA NA • •Tajikistan NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Turkmenistan NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •Uganda NA NA • •Uzbekistan NA NA • •Zambia NA NA • •Zimbabwe NA NA • •

United Arab Emirates* 0.0 2014 • LMaldives 0.0 2010 • •Oman 0.4 2014 • LPapua New Guinea 0.6 2014 • LVanuatu 1.0 2014 • LGuinea-Bissau 1.2 2003 • •The Gambia 1.4 2014 • LBenin 1.5 2014 • LSudan 2.0 2014 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 2.1 2014 • LPeru 2.2 2014 • LChile 2.3 2014 • LTanzania 2.8 2014 • LCuba 2.9 2014 • LColombia 4.0 2014 • LLithuania 4.2 2014 • LCôte d’Ivoire 4.3 2014 • LPhilippines 4.5 2014 • LVenezuela, RB 5.1 2014 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 5.1 2014 • LEcuador 5.9 2014 • LLiberia 6.1 2005 • •Georgia 6.4 2014 • LMauritius 6.5 2008 • •Ghana 7.8 2014 • LCameroon 7.9 2014 • LKenya 8.0 2014 • 5Congo, Rep. 8.0 2014 • 5Yemen, Rep. 8.2 2014 • LPanama 9.3 2014 • LLebanon 10.0 2008 • •India 10.2 2014 • 5Somalia 10.4 2014 • 5Portugal 11.3 2014 • pEl Salvador 11.5 2014 • LBahrain 11.7 2014 • DMexico 12.4 2014 • LMadagascar 13.6 2014 • 5Mozambique 14.1 2014 • LSenegal 15.2 2014 • LTogo 15.4 2014 • pBangladesh 15.6 2014 • pCosta Rica 16.3 2014 • DGuinea 17.4 2014 • LBrazil 17.5 2014 • pThailand 17.7 2014 • pCroatia 17.9 2014 • LSaudi Arabia 17.9 2014 • LHonduras 18.3 2014 • p

Libya 19.9 2014 • pBulgaria 20.6 2014 • LNicaragua 21.7 2014 • LGreece 21.8 2014 • DSyrian Arab Republic 22.0 2014 • LSuriname 22.5 2014 • LTrinidad and Tobago 23.0 2014 • pMauritania 23.0 2014 • LEquatorial Guinea 23.2 2014 • pPakistan 23.9 2014 • 5Japan 24.2 2014 • pSouth Africa 26.6 2014 • pFrance 27.8 2014 • DTunisia 28.1 2014 • pAustralia 28.3 2014 • pNigeria 28.5 2014 • 5Angola 28.9 2014 • DEstonia 29.6 2014 • pSierra Leone 29.6 2014 • pAlgeria 29.6 2014 • pIraq 30.0 2014 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 30.0 2014 • pGuatemala 30.9 2014 • LCanada 30.9 2014 • DBrunei Darussalam 33.3 2014 • DSpain 33.6 2014 • LCabo Verde 33.7 2014 • •Turkey 33.8 2014 • DEgypt, Arab Rep. 34.5 2014 • LSri Lanka 35.8 2014 • pIndonesia 36.9 2014 • pGabon 39.6 2014 • pNorway 40.3 2014 • pNew Zealand 43.1 2014 • pUnited States 44.4 2014 • pKorea, Rep. 45.1 2014 • 5Uruguay 46.8 2014 • DMyanmar 46.9 2014 • 5Malaysia 47.4 2014 • 5Kuwait 48.4 2014 • pItaly 51.8 2014 • DIsrael 52.3 2014 • DMontenegro 52.8 2014 • pGuyana 54.8 2014 • pPoland 56.5 2014 • pRussian Federation 60.0 2014 • DChina 60.0 2014 • pArgentina 60.5 2014 • 5Latvia 61.2 2014 • L






Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population)

Threats to marine species embodied in imports of goods and services.Source: Lenzen et al. (2012) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Paraguay 0.0 2018 • •Brunei Darussalam 0.0 2018 • •China 0.0 2018 • •Mexico 0.0 2018 • •Albania 0.0 2018 • •Venezuela, RB 0.0 2018 • •Croatia 0.0 2018 • •Uruguay 0.0 2018 • •Colombia 0.1 2018 • •Russian Federation 0.1 2018 • •Czech Republic 0.1 2018 • •Thailand 0.1 2018 • •Mauritania 0.1 2018 • •Gabon 0.1 2018 • •Bhutan 0.1 2018 • •Austria 0.1 2018 • •Estonia 0.1 2018 • •Finland 0.1 2018 • •Guatemala 0.1 2018 • •Slovenia 0.1 2018 • •Denmark 0.1 2018 • •South Africa 0.1 2018 • •Dominican Republic 0.1 2018 • •Maldives 0.1 2018 • •Sweden 0.1 2018 • •Belize 0.1 2018 • •Malta 0.1 2018 • •Qatar 0.1 2018 • •Ireland 0.1 2018 • •Sri Lanka 0.1 2018 • •Trinidad and Tobago 0.1 2018 • •Slovak Republic 0.1 2018 • •Lithuania 0.1 2018 • •Tunisia 0.1 2018 • •Oman 0.1 2018 • •Honduras 0.1 2018 • •Greece 0.2 2018 • •El Salvador 0.2 2018 • •Angola 0.2 2018 • •Jordan 0.2 2018 • •United Kingdom 0.2 2018 • •Malaysia 0.2 2018 • •Belgium 0.2 2018 • •Lebanon 0.2 2018 • •Jamaica 0.2 2018 • •Costa Rica 0.2 2018 • •Netherlands 0.3 2018 • •Namibia 0.3 2018 • •Germany 0.3 2018 • •

Fiji 0.3 2018 • •Cyprus 0.3 2018 • •Italy 0.3 2018 • •Kuwait 0.4 2018 • •New Zealand 0.4 2018 • •Panama 0.4 2018 • •Norway 0.4 2018 • •Korea, Rep. 0.4 2018 • •France 0.4 2018 • •United States 0.5 2018 • •Eswatini 0.5 2018 • •Botswana 0.5 2018 • •Barbados 0.5 2018 • •Saudi Arabia 0.5 2018 • •Switzerland 0.5 2018 • •Portugal 0.6 2018 • •Spain 0.6 2018 • •Luxembourg 0.7 2018 • •Australia 0.8 2018 • •Serbia 0.8 2018 • •Antigua and Barbuda 0.9 2018 • •Canada 0.9 2018 • •United Arab Emirates 1.0 2018 • •Japan 1.0 2018 • •Montenegro 1.1 2018 • •The Bahamas 1.7 2018 • •Mauritius 1.8 2018 • •Singapore 3.2 2018 • •Guyana 5.4 2018 • •San Marino 6.5 2018 • •Comoros NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Sudan NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Afghanistan 0.0 2018 • •Andorra 0.0 2018 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0 2018 • •Cabo Verde 0.0 2018 • •Central African Republic 0.0 2018 • •Chad 0.0 2018 • •Djibouti 0.0 2018 • •Eritrea 0.0 2018 • •The Gambia 0.0 2018 • •Guinea 0.0 2018 • •Iceland 0.0 2018 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 2018 • •Liechtenstein 0.0 2018 • •Monaco 0.0 2018 • •Myanmar 0.0 2018 • •Nepal 0.0 2018 • •Pakistan 0.0 2018 • •Samoa 0.0 2018 • •Seychelles 0.0 2018 • •Somalia 0.0 2018 • •Bangladesh 0.0 2018 • •Belarus 0.0 2018 • •Benin 0.0 2018 • •Burundi 0.0 2018 • •Côte d’Ivoire 0.0 2018 • •Ethiopia 0.0 2018 • •Lao PDR 0.0 2018 • •Liberia 0.0 2018 • •Madagascar 0.0 2018 • •Niger 0.0 2018 • •Sierra Leone 0.0 2018 • •South Sudan 0.0 2018 • •Syrian Arab Republic 0.0 2018 • •Azerbaijan 0.0 2018 • •Cameroon 0.0 2018 • •Moldova 0.0 2018 • •Tanzania 0.0 2018 • •Yemen, Rep. 0.0 2018 • •Haiti 0.0 2018 • •Kyrgyz Republic 0.0 2018 • •Latvia 0.0 2018 • •Bolivia 0.0 2018 • •Ghana 0.0 2018 • •Mali 0.0 2018 • •Morocco 0.0 2018 • •Uzbekistan 0.0 2018 • •Algeria 0.0 2018 • •

Cambodia 0.0 2018 • •Georgia 0.0 2018 • •India 0.0 2018 • •Iraq 0.0 2018 • •Vietnam 0.0 2018 • •Armenia 0.0 2018 • •Burkina Faso 0.0 2018 • •Libya 0.0 2018 • •Bahrain 0.0 2018 • •Mongolia 0.0 2018 • •Mozambique 0.0 2018 • •Ukraine 0.0 2018 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.0 2018 • •Turkmenistan 0.0 2018 • •Nigeria 0.0 2018 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.0 2018 • •Uganda 0.0 2018 • •Kenya 0.0 2018 • •Peru 0.0 2018 • •Turkey 0.0 2018 • •Suriname 0.0 2018 • •Tajikistan 0.0 2018 • •Togo 0.0 2018 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.0 2018 • •Senegal 0.0 2018 • •Cuba 0.0 2018 • •Vanuatu 0.0 2018 • •Kazakhstan 0.0 2018 • •Romania 0.0 2018 • •Zambia 0.0 2018 • •Indonesia 0.0 2018 • •Malawi 0.0 2018 • •Philippines 0.0 2018 • •Poland 0.0 2018 • •Bulgaria 0.0 2018 • •Rwanda 0.0 2018 • •Nicaragua 0.0 2018 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 0.0 2018 • •Zimbabwe 0.0 2018 • •Ecuador 0.0 2018 • •Hungary 0.0 2018 • •Lesotho 0.0 2018 • •Papua New Guinea 0.0 2018 • •Brazil 0.0 2018 • •Congo, Rep. 0.0 2018 • •Israel 0.0 2018 • •Argentina 0.0 2018 • •Chile 0.0 2018 • •North Macedonia 0.0 2018 • •






Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%)

The mean percentage area of terrestrial Key Biodiversity Areas (sites that are important for the global persistence of biodiversity) that are protected.Source: Birdlife International et al. (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Panama 38.3 2018 • 5Azerbaijan 38.2 2018 • 5China 37.8 2018 • 5Georgia 37.8 2018 • 5Samoa 37.1 2018 • LPakistan 36.6 2018 • 5Paraguay 36.3 2018 • 5Cameroon 35.3 2018 • 5Switzerland 35.2 2018 • 5Kenya 35.1 2018 • 5Chile 34.8 2018 • 5The Gambia 34.6 2018 • 5Grenada 34.5 2018 • 5Mali 33.8 2018 • 5South Sudan 33.6 2018 • 5Timor-Leste 33.6 2018 • 5Qatar 33.3 2018 • 5Korea, Rep. 32.5 2018 • 5Argentina 32.4 2018 • 5Kiribati 32.0 2018 • 5Mexico 31.7 2018 • 5Yemen, Rep. 31.1 2018 • 5South Africa 30.7 2018 • 5Eswatini 30.6 2018 • 5Ecuador 29.7 2018 • DGuatemala 29.6 2018 • 5Serbia 29.5 2018 • 5Dominica 29.5 2018 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 29.2 2018 • 5Angola 28.4 2018 • 5Myanmar 27.5 2018 • 5Bahrain 27.5 2018 • 5Russian Federation 27.4 2018 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 26.7 2018 • 5El Salvador 26.6 2018 • 5Canada 26.5 2018 • 5Andorra 26.1 2018 • 5Mozambique 26.1 2018 • 5India 25.7 2018 • 5Sudan 25.0 2018 • LMadagascar 24.6 2018 • 5Indonesia 24.4 2018 • 5The Bahamas 24.1 2018 • 5Ukraine 23.8 2018 • 5Moldova 23.6 2018 • 5North Macedonia 23.6 2018 • 5Saudi Arabia 23.1 2018 • 5Armenia 21.5 2018 • 5Singapore 21.1 2018 • 5

Israel 20.9 2018 • 5Tajikistan 20.8 2018 • 5Uruguay 20.8 2018 • 5Jamaica 20.4 2018 • 5Seychelles 19.2 2018 • 5Peru 19.1 2018 • pEthiopia 18.6 2018 • 5


Lesotho 16.7 2018 • 5Liberia 15.9 2018 • 5Kazakhstan 15.7 2018 • 5Uzbekistan 15.5 2018 • 5Marshall Islands 15.0 2018 • 5Iceland 15.0 2018 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 14.9 2018 • 5Mauritania 14.6 2018 • 5Turkmenistan 14.4 2018 • 5Lebanon 13.3 2018 • 5Eritrea 13.3 2018 • 5Comoros 13.0 2018 • 5Cabo Verde 13.0 2018 • 5Montenegro 12.5 2018 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 11.6 2018 • 5Oman 11.1 2018 • 5Haiti 10.5 2018 • 5Fiji 9.4 2018 • 5Mauritius 9.3 2018 • 5Tonga 9.3 2018 • 5Solomon Islands 9.0 2018 • 5Jordan 8.7 2018 • 5Papua New Guinea 7.5 2018 • 5Vanuatu 6.4 2018 • 5Afghanistan 6.1 2018 • 5Libya 4.6 2018 • 5Iraq 3.8 2018 • 5Barbados 2.5 2018 • 5Turkey 2.5 2018 • 5Djibouti 0.9 2018 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 0.9 2018 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 2018 • 5Maldives 0.0 2018 • 5Nauru 0.0 2018 • 5Somalia 0.0 2018 • 5Guyana NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Equatorial Guinea 100.0 2018 • LMalta 99.3 2018 • LBulgaria 98.9 2018 • LLatvia 97.3 2018 • LTogo 97.0 2018 • LEstonia 94.8 2018 • LCzech Republic 92.3 2018 • LNetherlands 90.6 2018 • LLithuania 90.5 2018 • LDenmark 89.7 2018 • LIreland 87.7 2018 • LPoland 87.6 2018 • LZimbabwe 85.9 2018 • LGreece 85.8 2018 • LGhana 85.6 2018 • LSlovenia 85.1 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 84.3 2018 • LNamibia 83.5 2018 • LMalawi 83.4 2018 • LLuxembourg 83.3 2018 • LHungary 83.1 2018 • LSlovak Republic 82.7 2018 • LBelgium 81.0 2018 • LFrance 80.9 2018 • LNigeria 79.6 2018 • LGuinea 78.9 2018 • LGermany 78.3 2018 • LItaly 77.9 2018 • LBenin 77.4 2018 • LRomania 77.3 2018 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 76.3 2018 • LAlbania 76.1 2018 • LLiechtenstein 75.8 2018 • LUganda 75.7 2018 • LFinland 74.8 2018 • L


Congo, Rep. 74.3 2018 • LCroatia 74.1 2018 • LPortugal 74.1 2018 • LNicaragua 73.7 2018 • LDominican Republic 73.6 2018 • LBurkina Faso 71.8 2018 • LThailand 71.3 2018 • LCôte d’Ivoire 71.2 2018 • LChad 70.6 2018 • LSierra Leone 68.8 2018 • LBurundi 67.3 2018 • LAustria 66.6 2018 • L

Venezuela, RB 66.5 2018 • LCyprus 66.1 2018 • LJapan 65.8 2018 • LHonduras 65.4 2018 • LTanzania 64.0 2018 • LBrunei Darussalam 63.1 2018 • LGabon 61.7 2018 • LKuwait 59.0 2018 • LSweden 58.4 2018 • LUnited Arab Emirates 57.9 2018 • LSpain 56.6 2018 • LCuba 55.9 2018 • LAustralia 52.7 2018 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 52.7 2018 • LGuinea-Bissau 52.6 2018 • LNepal 52.3 2018 • LMorocco 51.9 2018 • LNorway 51.3 2018 • LSuriname 51.2 2018 • LBotswana 51.1 2018 • LBolivia 50.2 2018 • LBelarus 48.6 2018 • 5Zambia 48.4 2018 • 5United States 48.3 2018 • 5Bangladesh 48.0 2018 • 5Bhutan 47.3 2018 • 5Rwanda 46.5 2018 • 5Lao PDR 46.5 2018 • 5Niger 46.3 2018 • 5St. Lucia 46.0 2018 • 5Belize 46.0 2018 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 45.0 2018 • 5Sri Lanka 43.7 2018 • 5Mongolia 43.7 2018 • LNew Zealand 43.0 2018 • 5Senegal 43.0 2018 • L


Brazil 42.2 2018 • 5Costa Rica 41.7 2018 • 5Colombia 41.4 2018 • LVietnam 41.1 2018 • 5Philippines 40.9 2018 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 40.7 2018 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 40.3 2018 • 5Algeria 40.2 2018 • 5Tunisia 40.2 2018 • 5Cambodia 39.5 2018 • 5Malaysia 39.5 2018 • 5






Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%)

The mean percentage area of freshwater Key Biodiversity Areas (sites that are important for the global persistence of biodiversity) that are protected.Source: Birdlife International et al. (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Chile 33.2 2018 • 5Cambodia 33.0 2018 • 5Liberia 32.4 2018 • 5Serbia 31.5 2018 • 5New Zealand 29.3 2018 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 28.5 2018 • 5Myanmar 27.9 2018 • 5Russian Federation 27.3 2018 • 5Armenia 26.8 2018 • 5Israel 26.1 2018 • 5Guatemala 24.8 2018 • 5Lebanon 21.1 2018 • 5Azerbaijan 21.0 2018 • 5Canada 20.8 2018 • 5Bangladesh 20.8 2018 • 5Lao PDR 19.9 2018 • 5Belize 18.3 2018 • 5Saudi Arabia 17.7 2018 • 5Ukraine 17.5 2018 • 5Kazakhstan 17.0 2018 • 5Ethiopia 16.2 2018 • 5Cuba 15.9 2018 • 5India 15.1 2018 • 5Mexico 15.1 2018 • 5Turkmenistan 13.1 2018 • 5Brazil 12.5 2018 • 5Moldova 10.8 2018 • 5Uzbekistan 10.4 2018 • 5Jordan 9.8 2018 • 5Yemen, Rep. 7.7 2018 • 5Iraq 5.1 2018 • 5Turkey 4.4 2018 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 3.2 2018 • 5Uruguay 2.3 2018 • 5Fiji 0.1 2018 • 5Afghanistan 0.1 2018 • 5Dominica 0.1 2018 • 5Eritrea 0.0 2018 • 5Costa Rica 0.0 2018 • 5Djibouti 0.0 2018 • 5Haiti 0.0 2018 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 2018 • 5Somalia 0.0 2018 • 5Sudan 0.0 2018 • 5Andorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •Bahamas, The NA NA • •Bahrain NA NA • •Barbados NA NA • •

Benin NA NA • •Cabo Verde NA NA • •Comoros NA NA • •Cyprus NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Eswatini NA NA • •The Gambia NA NA • •Ghana NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Guyana NA NA • •Honduras NA NA • •Jamaica NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Kuwait NA NA • •Lesotho NA NA • •Libya NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Maldives NA NA • •Malta NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Mauritania NA NA • •Mauritius NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Montenegro NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Oman NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Panama NA NA • •Papua New Guinea NA NA • •Qatar NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Senegal NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Singapore NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Togo NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Trinidad and Tobago NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •United Arab Emirates NA NA • •Vanuatu NA NA • •

Congo, Rep. 100.0 2018 • LDenmark 100.0 2018 • LAlbania 99.0 2018 • LDominican Republic 98.9 2018 • LBulgaria 98.6 2018 • LGuinea 98.5 2018 • LIreland 97.7 2018 • LLatvia 97.5 2018 • L


Lithuania 95.2 2018 • LNorth Macedonia 93.6 2018 • LGabon 93.6 2018 • LEstonia 93.5 2018 • LNetherlands 93.4 2018 • LBelgium 92.8 2018 • LCzech Republic 92.1 2018 • LPoland 91.8 2018 • LMozambique 90.0 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 88.1 2018 • LGreece 87.2 2018 • LCroatia 86.8 2018 • LVenezuela, RB 85.8 2018 • LNamibia 85.4 2018 • LHungary 84.9 2018 • LItaly 84.7 2018 • LMorocco 82.6 2018 • LEl Salvador 81.6 2018 • LSlovak Republic 81.5 2018 • LBurundi 81.4 2018 • LGermany 81.1 2018 • LZimbabwe 79.0 2018 • LFrance 78.0 2018 • LSlovenia 77.5 2018 • LCôte d’Ivoire 75.6 2018 • LFinland 74.0 2018 • LSierra Leone 72.5 2018 • LAustria 71.2 2018 • LEcuador 70.9 2018 • LChad 70.2 2018 • LMalaysia 68.0 2018 • LJapan 67.0 2018 • L


Romania 65.9 2018 • LNicaragua 65.8 2018 • LUganda 65.7 2018 • LPortugal 64.0 2018 • LBurkina Faso 63.0 2018 • L

Sweden 61.9 2018 • LSwitzerland 60.1 2018 • LNigeria 59.1 2018 • LSouth Sudan 58.6 2018 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 58.3 2018 • LMadagascar 57.4 2018 • LZambia 57.4 2018 • LNorway 55.9 2018 • LBelarus 54.9 2018 • LCameroon 54.5 2018 • LAlgeria 52.5 2018 • LBrunei Darussalam 50.0 2018 • LRwanda 50.0 2018 • 5Bolivia 49.4 2018 • 5Suriname 49.4 2018 • 5Peru 48.8 2018 • 5Spain 46.1 2018 • 5Botswana 46.0 2018 • 5Niger 45.3 2018 • 5Malawi 44.7 2018 • 5Mali 43.7 2018 • 5Thailand 43.6 2018 • 5Tunisia 43.4 2018 • 5Tanzania 43.1 2018 • 5Mongolia 42.1 2018 • LSri Lanka 40.6 2018 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 39.8 2018 • 5Argentina 39.6 2018 • 5Colombia 39.3 2018 • LParaguay 38.8 2018 • 5Vietnam 37.7 2018 • 5Luxembourg 37.1 2018 • 5Pakistan 37.0 2018 • 5Korea, Rep. 36.8 2018 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 36.7 2018 • 5Australia 36.6 2018 • 5Philippines 36.5 2018 • 5Nepal 36.5 2018 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 36.2 2018 • 5Georgia 36.1 2018 • 5South Africa 35.8 2018 • 5Indonesia 35.5 2018 • 5Tajikistan 35.2 2018 • 5Kenya 34.4 2018 • 5China 34.4 2018 • 5Bhutan 34.3 2018 • 5Iceland 33.9 2018 • 5Angola 33.3 2018 • 5United States 33.3 2018 • 5






Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best)

The change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. The index is based on genuine changes in the number of species in each category of extinction risk on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.Source: IUCN and Birdlife International (2020) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available year)

Iceland 0.9 2019 • pUnited Arab Emirates 0.9 2019 • pSingapore 0.9 2019 • pPakistan 0.9 2019 • pTogo 0.9 2019 • 5Portugal 0.9 2019 • pNicaragua 0.9 2019 • 5Greece 0.8 2019 • 5Rwanda 0.8 2019 • 5Armenia 0.8 2019 • 5Ghana 0.8 2019 • pBahrain 0.8 2019 • pSpain 0.8 2019 • pEthiopia 0.8 2019 • 5Kuwait 0.8 2019 • pAlbania 0.8 2019 • pSt. Lucia 0.8 2019 • pTuvalu 0.8 2019 • pAfghanistan 0.8 2019 • pCameroon 0.8 2019 • pMaldives 0.8 2019 • pUnited States 0.8 2019 • pMarshall Islands 0.8 2019 • pPapua New Guinea 0.8 2019 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 0.8 2019 • pUruguay 0.8 2019 • pNepal 0.8 2019 • 5Brunei Darussalam 0.8 2019 • pEl Salvador 0.8 2019 • pVenezuela, RB 0.8 2019 • pAustralia 0.8 2019 • pMozambique 0.8 2019 • pQatar 0.8 2019 • pEswatini 0.8 2019 • 5Costa Rica 0.8 2019 • pDjibouti 0.8 2019 • pEquatorial Guinea 0.8 2019 • pCambodia 0.8 2019 • pTrinidad and Tobago 0.8 2019 • pLao PDR 0.8 2019 • pMontenegro 0.8 2019 • pMalawi 0.8 2019 • 5Samoa 0.8 2019 • pMyanmar 0.8 2019 • pBhutan 0.8 2019 • pIraq 0.8 2019 • pKenya 0.8 2019 • pThailand 0.8 2019 • pZimbabwe 0.8 2019 • p

Madagascar 0.8 2019 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 0.8 2019 • pJapan 0.8 2019 • pUnited Kingdom 0.8 2019 • p


South Africa 0.8 2019 • pNauru 0.8 2019 • pGrenada 0.8 2019 • pSolomon Islands 0.8 2019 • pComoros 0.8 2019 • pMonaco 0.8 2019 • pIsrael 0.8 2019 • 5Bangladesh 0.8 2019 • pKiribati 0.8 2019 • pChile 0.8 2019 • pIndonesia 0.8 2019 • pUganda 0.7 2019 • pBelize 0.7 2019 • pHonduras 0.7 2019 • pChina 0.7 2019 • pColombia 0.7 2019 • pDominican Republic 0.7 2019 • pKorea, Rep. 0.7 2019 • pPanama 0.7 2019 • pSt. Kitts and Nevis 0.7 2019 • pVietnam 0.7 2019 • pPalau 0.7 2019 • pPeru 0.7 2019 • pTonga 0.7 2019 • pJamaica 0.7 2019 • pGuatemala 0.7 2019 • pHaiti 0.7 2019 • pThe Bahamas 0.7 2019 • pTanzania 0.7 2019 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.7 2019 • pEcuador 0.7 2019 • pIndia 0.7 2019 • pMexico 0.7 2019 • pDominica 0.7 2019 • pMalaysia 0.7 2019 • pFiji 0.7 2019 • pSeychelles 0.7 2019 • pVanuatu 0.7 2019 • pCuba 0.7 2019 • pPhilippines 0.6 2019 • pNew Zealand 0.6 2019 • pSri Lanka 0.6 2019 • pMauritius 0.4 2019 • p

Liechtenstein 1.0 2019 • LSweden 1.0 2019 • LSan Marino 1.0 2019 • LFinland 1.0 2019 • LLithuania 1.0 2019 • LBurkina Faso 1.0 2019 • LLatvia 1.0 2019 • LLuxembourg 1.0 2019 • LBelgium 1.0 2019 • LEstonia 1.0 2019 • LTajikistan 1.0 2019 • LKyrgyz Republic 1.0 2019 • LCongo, Rep. 1.0 2019 • LCyprus 1.0 2019 • LGermany 1.0 2019 • LSuriname 1.0 2019 • LThe Gambia 1.0 2019 • LMali 1.0 2019 • LBotswana 1.0 2019 • LMauritania 1.0 2019 • LSwitzerland 1.0 2019 • LTunisia 1.0 2019 • LTurkmenistan 1.0 2019 • LBelarus 1.0 2019 • LDenmark 1.0 2019 • LNorth Macedonia 1.0 2019 • LPoland 1.0 2019 • LCzech Republic 1.0 2019 • LCanada 1.0 2019 • LLibya 1.0 2019 • LMoldova 1.0 2019 • LUzbekistan 1.0 2019 • LNamibia 1.0 2019 • LJordan 1.0 2019 • LSlovak Republic 1.0 2019 • LGabon 1.0 2019 • LLebanon 1.0 2019 • LGuinea-Bissau 1.0 2019 • LSerbia 1.0 2019 • LRussian Federation 1.0 2019 • LLesotho 1.0 2019 • LRomania 0.9 2019 • LMongolia 0.9 2019 • LParaguay 0.9 2019 • LUkraine 0.9 2019 • LBulgaria 0.9 2019 • LCentral African Republic 0.9 2019 • L

Syrian Arab Republic 0.9 2019 • L

Netherlands 0.9 2019 • LSenegal 0.9 2019 • LNorway 0.9 2019 • LSlovenia 0.9 2019 • LNiger 0.9 2019 • LAngola 0.9 2019 • LSouth Sudan 0.9 2019 • LSudan 0.9 2019 • LHungary 0.9 2019 • LIreland 0.9 2019 • LGuyana 0.9 2019 • LBurundi 0.9 2019 • LChad 0.9 2019 • LAndorra 0.9 2019 • LBarbados 0.9 2019 • LAzerbaijan 0.9 2019 • LSierra Leone 0.9 2019 • LBenin 0.9 2019 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 0.9 2019 • LSaudi Arabia 0.9 2019 • L


Eritrea 0.9 2019 • LAlgeria 0.9 2019 • LItaly 0.9 2019 • LBrazil 0.9 2019 • LCroatia 0.9 2019 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 0.9 2019 • pSomalia 0.9 2019 • pAustria 0.9 2019 • DGuinea 0.9 2019 • 5Cabo Verde 0.9 2019 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 0.9 2019 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 0.9 2019 • 5Liberia 0.9 2019 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 0.9 2019 • 5Morocco 0.9 2019 • 5Oman 0.9 2019 • 5Malta 0.9 2019 • 5Timor-Leste 0.9 2019 • pYemen, Rep. 0.9 2019 • 5Zambia 0.9 2019 • 5Turkey 0.9 2019 • 5Nigeria 0.9 2019 • 5Kazakhstan 0.9 2019 • 5Bolivia 0.9 2019 • 5France 0.9 2019 • pGeorgia 0.9 2019 • 5Argentina 0.9 2019 • 5






Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 5-year average)

The mean annual percentage of permanent deforestation over the period 2014 to 2018. Permanent deforestation refers to tree cover removal for urbanization, commodity production and certain types of small-scale agriculture. It does not include temporary forest loss due to the forestry sector or wildfires.Source: Curtis et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

South Africa 0.1 2018 • •Venezuela, RB 0.1 2018 • •Congo, Rep. 0.1 2018 • •Papua New Guinea 0.1 2018 • •Jamaica 0.2 2018 • •Costa Rica 0.2 2018 • •Syrian Arab Republic 0.2 2018 • •Morocco 0.2 2018 • •The Gambia 0.2 2018 • •Peru 0.2 2018 • •El Salvador 0.2 2018 • •Burundi 0.2 2018 • •Panama 0.2 2018 • •Benin 0.2 2018 • •Grenada 0.2 2018 • •Thailand 0.2 2018 • •Equatorial Guinea 0.2 2018 • •Brunei Darussalam 0.2 2018 • •Angola 0.2 2018 • •Cameroon 0.2 2018 • •Colombia 0.2 2018 • •Kenya 0.2 2018 • •Bangladesh 0.2 2018 • •Antigua and Barbuda 0.3 2018 • •Mali 0.3 2018 • •Mexico 0.3 2018 • •Comoros 0.3 2018 • •Zambia 0.3 2018 • •Namibia 0.3 2018 • •Solomon Islands 0.3 2018 • •Senegal 0.3 2018 • •Zimbabwe 0.3 2018 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.3 2018 • •Tanzania 0.3 2018 • •Cuba 0.3 2018 • •Myanmar 0.4 2018 • •Dominican Republic 0.4 2018 • •Philippines 0.4 2018 • •The Bahamas 0.4 2018 • •Haiti 0.4 2018 • •Mozambique 0.4 2018 • •Argentina 0.4 2018 • •Nigeria 0.5 2018 • •Bolivia 0.5 2018 • •Tunisia 0.5 2018 • •Rwanda 0.6 2018 • •Brazil 0.6 2018 • •Uganda 0.6 2018 • •Guinea-Bissau 0.6 2018 • •

Belize 0.7 2018 • •Togo 0.7 2018 • •Guatemala 0.7 2018 • •Nicaragua 0.7 2018 • •Chad 0.7 2018 • •Honduras 0.8 2018 • •Algeria 0.8 2018 • •Ghana 0.8 2018 • •Singapore 0.9 2018 • •Malawi 1.0 2018 • •Lao PDR 1.0 2018 • •Liberia 1.0 2018 • •Indonesia 1.1 2018 • •Côte d’Ivoire 1.1 2018 • •Vietnam 1.1 2018 • •Guinea 1.2 2018 • •Madagascar 1.3 2018 • •Paraguay 1.6 2018 • •Cambodia 1.8 2018 • •Malaysia 1.8 2018 • •Sierra Leone 2.0 2018 • •Dominica 4.3 2018 • •Andorra NA NA • •Bahrain NA NA • •Djibouti NA NA • •Eritrea NA NA • •Iceland NA NA • •Iraq NA NA • •Jordan NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Kuwait NA NA • •Libya NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Maldives NA NA • •Malta NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Oman NA NA • •Qatar NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •São Tomé and Príncipe NA NA • •Saudi Arabia NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •United Arab Emirates NA NA • •Yemen, Rep. NA NA • •

Afghanistan 0.0 2018 • •Armenia * 0.0 2018 • •Bulgaria 0.0 2018 • •Burkina Faso 0.0 2018 • •Georgia 0.0 2018 • •Germany 0.0 2018 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.0 2018 • •Japan 0.0 2018 • •Kazakhstan 0.0 2018 • •Kyrgyz Republic 0.0 2018 • •Latvia 0.0 2018 • •Lesotho 0.0 2018 • •Lithuania * 0.0 2018 • •Mauritania 0.0 2018 • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. * 0.0 2018 • •Moldova * 0.0 2018 • •Mongolia 0.0 2018 • •Montenegro * 0.0 2018 • •Niger 0.0 2018 • •North Macedonia 0.0 2018 • •Russian Federation 0.0 2018 • •Slovenia * 0.0 2018 • •Tajikistan * 0.0 2018 • •Turkmenistan 0.0 2018 • •Uzbekistan * 0.0 2018 • •Albania 0.0 2018 • •Austria 0.0 2018 • •Belarus 0.0 2018 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0 2018 • •Croatia 0.0 2018 • •Greece 0.0 2018 • •Serbia 0.0 2018 • •Sweden 0.0 2018 • •Ukraine 0.0 2018 • •Azerbaijan 0.0 2018 • •Finland 0.0 2018 • •Pakistan 0.0 2018 • •Romania 0.0 2018 • •Slovak Republic 0.0 2018 • •Canada 0.0 2018 • •Nepal 0.0 2018 • •United Kingdom 0.0 2018 • •Netherlands 0.0 2018 • •Poland 0.0 2018 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.0 2018 • •Israel 0.0 2018 • •Italy 0.0 2018 • •Czech Republic 0.0 2018 • •

Spain 0.0 2018 • •Belgium 0.0 2018 • •China 0.0 2018 • •France 0.0 2018 • •Botswana 0.0 2018 • •Denmark 0.0 2018 • •Hungary 0.0 2018 • •Estonia 0.0 2018 • •Ireland 0.0 2018 • •Switzerland 0.0 2018 • •Norway 0.0 2018 • •New Zealand 0.0 2018 • •South Sudan 0.0 2018 • •Korea, Rep. 0.0 2018 • •Portugal 0.0 2018 • •Bhutan 0.0 2018 • •Palau 0.0 2018 • •St. Kitts and Nevis 0.0 2018 • •Sudan 0.0 2018 • •Australia 0.0 2018 • •Turkey 0.0 2018 • •Cabo Verde 0.0 2018 • •Chile 0.0 2018 • •Luxembourg 0.0 2018 • •Somalia 0.0 2018 • •India 0.0 2018 • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.0 2018 • •Guyana 0.0 2018 • •United States 0.0 2018 • •Vanuatu 0.0 2018 • •Central African Republic 0.0 2018 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.1 2018 • •Mauritius 0.1 2018 • •Suriname 0.1 2018 • •Lebanon 0.1 2018 • •Gabon 0.1 2018 • •Timor-Leste 0.1 2018 • •Uruguay 0.1 2018 • •Barbados 0.1 2018 • •Eswatini 0.1 2018 • •Ethiopia 0.1 2018 • •St. Lucia 0.1 2018 • •Sri Lanka 0.1 2018 • •Ecuador 0.1 2018 • •Fiji 0.1 2018 • •Cyprus 0.1 2018 • •Trinidad and Tobago 0.1 2018 • •






Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population)

Threats to terrestrial and freshwater species embodied in imports of goods and services.Source: Lenzen et al. (2012) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Guatemala 0.5 2018 • •Romania 0.5 2018 • •Argentina 0.5 2018 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.5 2018 • •Andorra 0.6 2018 • •Albania 0.6 2018 • •Lebanon 0.6 2018 • •Barbados 0.6 2018 • •Trinidad and Tobago 0.6 2018 • •China 0.6 2018 • •Jamaica 0.6 2018 • •Honduras 0.6 2018 • •Angola 0.6 2018 • •Uruguay 0.7 2018 • •Georgia 0.7 2018 • •Turkey 0.7 2018 • •North Macedonia 0.7 2018 • •Kenya 0.7 2018 • •Oman 0.7 2018 • •Mexico 0.7 2018 • •Peru 0.7 2018 • •Lithuania 0.8 2018 • •Venezuela, RB 0.8 2018 • •South Africa 0.8 2018 • •Russian Federation 0.9 2018 • •Poland 1.0 2018 • •Thailand 1.0 2018 • •Colombia 1.0 2018 • •Qatar 1.0 2018 • •Malta 1.1 2018 • •Bulgaria 1.1 2018 • •Chile 1.1 2018 • •Cyprus 1.3 2018 • •Namibia 1.3 2018 • •Croatia 1.4 2018 • •Panama 1.4 2018 • •Slovak Republic 1.4 2018 • •Sweden 1.6 2018 • •Czech Republic 1.6 2018 • •Costa Rica 1.6 2018 • •Eswatini 1.7 2018 • •Denmark 1.7 2018 • •Ireland 1.7 2018 • •Saudi Arabia 1.8 2018 • •El Salvador 1.8 2018 • •Finland 2.0 2018 • •Malaysia 2.1 2018 • •Israel 2.1 2018 • •

Slovenia 2.2 2018 • •Gabon 2.5 2018 • •Botswana 2.5 2018 • •Korea, Rep. 2.5 2018 • •New Zealand 2.6 2018 • •Australia 2.7 2018 • •Greece 2.9 2018 • •United Kingdom 3.2 2018 • •Italy 3.5 2018 • •Spain 3.6 2018 • •United States 3.7 2018 • •Norway 3.8 2018 • •Serbia 3.8 2018 • •Portugal 4.0 2018 • •Canada 4.1 2018 • •Austria 4.5 2018 • •United Arab Emirates 4.6 2018 • •Belgium 4.7 2018 • •Japan 5.1 2018 • •Kuwait 5.2 2018 • •Montenegro 5.3 2018 • •Germany 5.7 2018 • •Switzerland 5.8 2018 • •Netherlands 6.0 2018 • •France 7.1 2018 • •Luxembourg 7.9 2018 • •Singapore 12.6 2018 • •Mauritius 22.1 2018 • •Guyana 47.2 2018 • •San Marino 59.1 2018 • •Comoros NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Sudan NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Myanmar 0.0 2018 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 2018 • •Somalia 0.0 2018 • •South Sudan 0.0 2018 • •Liberia 0.0 2018 • •Eritrea 0.0 2018 • •Haiti 0.0 2018 • •Afghanistan 0.0 2018 • •Belarus 0.0 2018 • •Nepal 0.0 2018 • •Lao PDR 0.0 2018 • •Bangladesh 0.0 2018 • •Côte d’Ivoire 0.0 2018 • •Guinea 0.0 2018 • •Cambodia 0.0 2018 • •Ethiopia 0.0 2018 • •Moldova 0.0 2018 • •The Gambia 0.0 2018 • •Benin 0.0 2018 • •Cameroon 0.0 2018 • •Chad 0.0 2018 • •Ghana 0.0 2018 • •Mongolia 0.0 2018 • •Nigeria 0.0 2018 • •Sierra Leone 0.0 2018 • •Togo 0.0 2018 • •Niger 0.0 2018 • •Uzbekistan 0.0 2018 • •Burundi 0.0 2018 • •Tanzania 0.0 2018 • •Fiji 0.0 2018 • •Iraq 0.0 2018 • •Djibouti 0.0 2018 • •Tajikistan 0.0 2018 • •Burkina Faso 0.0 2018 • •Papua New Guinea 0.0 2018 • •Kyrgyz Republic 0.0 2018 • •Madagascar 0.0 2018 • •Yemen, Rep. 0.0 2018 • •Pakistan 0.0 2018 • •Central African Republic 0.0 2018 • •Mali 0.0 2018 • •Mozambique 0.0 2018 • •Mauritania 0.1 2018 • •Azerbaijan 0.1 2018 • •Armenia 0.1 2018 • •Libya 0.1 2018 • •Bahrain 0.1 2018 • •

Senegal 0.1 2018 • •Sri Lanka 0.1 2018 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 0.1 2018 • •Philippines 0.1 2018 • •Syrian Arab Republic 0.1 2018 • •India 0.1 2018 • •Morocco 0.1 2018 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.1 2018 • •Vietnam 0.1 2018 • •Cabo Verde 0.2 2018 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.2 2018 • •Uganda 0.2 2018 • •Belize 0.2 2018 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.2 2018 • •Dominican Republic 0.2 2018 • •Turkmenistan 0.2 2018 • •Indonesia 0.2 2018 • •Cuba 0.2 2018 • •Bolivia 0.2 2018 • •Jordan 0.2 2018 • •Bhutan 0.2 2018 • •Latvia 0.2 2018 • •Suriname 0.3 2018 • •Estonia 0.3 2018 • •Zimbabwe 0.3 2018 • •Malawi 0.3 2018 • •Algeria 0.3 2018 • •Rwanda 0.3 2018 • •Vanuatu 0.3 2018 • •Congo, Rep. 0.3 2018 • •Antigua and Barbuda 0.3 2018 • •Ecuador 0.3 2018 • •Ukraine 0.3 2018 • •Maldives 0.3 2018 • •Tunisia 0.3 2018 • •Kazakhstan 0.3 2018 • •Brazil 0.3 2018 • •Brunei Darussalam 0.4 2018 • •Paraguay 0.4 2018 • •The Bahamas 0.4 2018 • •Samoa 0.4 2018 • •Liechtenstein 0.4 2018 • •Iceland 0.4 2018 • •Monaco 0.4 2018 • •Hungary 0.4 2018 • •Seychelles 0.5 2018 • •Nicaragua 0.5 2018 • •Zambia 0.5 2018 • •Lesotho 0.5 2018 • •






Homicides (per 100,000 population) The number of intentional homicides per 100,000 people. Intentional homicides are estimates of unlawful homicides purposely inflicted as a result of domestic disputes, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, intergang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. Intentional homicide does not include all intentional killing, such as killing in armed conflict.Source: UNODC (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

San Marino 3.6 2002 • •Solomon Islands 3.8 2008 • •Timor-Leste 3.9 2015 • •Lebanon 4.0 2016 • DKyrgyz Republic 4.2 2017 • LLatvia 4.2 2017 • pPakistan 4.2 2017 • LTurkmenistan 4.2 2006 • •Chile * 4.3 2017 • pSomalia * 4.3 2015 • •Turkey 4.3 2012 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. * 4.4 2015 • •Niger 4.4 2012 • •Lithuania 4.5 2017 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. * 4.7 2015 • •Angola 4.8 2012 • •Cuba 5.0 2016 • 5Kazakhstan 5.0 2017 • 5Kenya 5.0 2017 • 5Argentina 5.2 2017 • LSudan 5.2 2008 • •United States 5.3 2017 • pZambia 5.3 2015 • •Suriname 5.5 2017 • 5Ecuador 5.8 2017 • LBurundi 6.0 2016 • 5Mongolia 6.2 2017 • LTanzania 6.2 2016 • LUkraine 6.2 2017 • 5Bolivia 6.3 2016 • LDjibouti * 6.5 2015 • •Yemen, Rep. 6.7 2013 • •Zimbabwe 6.7 2012 • •Lao PDR * 7.0 2015 • •Afghanistan 7.1 2017 • LNicaragua 7.4 2016 • LSenegal * 7.4 2015 • •Kiribati 7.5 2012 • •Ethiopia * 7.6 2015 • •Comoros * 7.7 2015 • •Madagascar * 7.7 2015 • •Peru 7.7 2017 • 5Eritrea * 8.0 2015 • •Gabon * 8.0 2015 • •Uruguay 8.2 2017 • 5Philippines 8.4 2017 • DGuinea * 8.8 2015 • •Paraguay 8.9 2016 • 5Chad * 9.0 2015 • •

Togo * 9.0 2015 • •The Gambia * 9.1 2015 • •Russian Federation 9.2 2017 • LCongo, Rep. * 9.3 2015 • •Eswatini 9.5 2017 • 5Haiti 9.5 2016 • 5Panama 9.7 2017 • LNigeria * 9.8 2015 • •Iraq 9.9 2013 • •Mauritania * 9.9 2015 • •Papua New Guinea 10.0 2010 • •Antigua and Barbuda 10.3 2012 • •Barbados 10.5 2017 • pMali * 10.9 2015 • •Uganda 11.0 2017 • 5Grenada 11.1 2017 • pDominican Republic 11.3 2017 • LCabo Verde 11.5 2016 • DCôte d’Ivoire * 11.6 2015 • •Costa Rica 12.3 2017 • pSeychelles 12.7 2016 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. * 13.5 2015 • •South Sudan 13.9 2012 • •Guyana 14.8 2017 • LBotswana 15.0 2010 • •Namibia 17.1 2012 • •Tuvalu 18.6 2012 • •Central African Republic 19.8 2016 • •Mexico 24.8 2017 • pColombia 24.9 2017 • DDominica 25.7 2017 • pGuatemala 26.1 2017 • DSt. Lucia 29.6 2017 • pBrazil 30.5 2017 • pThe Bahamas 30.9 2017 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 30.9 2015 • •St. Kitts and Nevis 34.2 2012 • •South Africa 35.9 2017 • p

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 36.5 2016 • •Belize 37.9 2017 • pLesotho 41.2 2015 • •Honduras 41.7 2017 • LVenezuela, RB 56.3 2016 • DJamaica 57.0 2017 • pEl Salvador 61.8 2017 • 5Marshall Islands NA NA • •Nauru * NA NA • •

Japan 0.2 2017 • LSingapore 0.2 2017 • LLuxembourg 0.3 2017 • LIndonesia 0.4 2017 • LQatar 0.4 2014 • •Bahrain 0.5 2014 • •Brunei Darussalam 0.5 2013 • •Norway 0.5 2017 • LOman * 0.5 2017 • LSwitzerland 0.5 2017 • LUnited Arab Emirates 0.5 2017 • LChina 0.6 2017 • LCyprus 0.6 2017 • LCzech Republic 0.6 2017 • LKorea, Rep. 0.6 2017 • LAustria 0.7 2016 • LGreece 0.7 2017 • LItaly 0.7 2016 • LNew Zealand 0.7 2017 • LPortugal 0.7 2017 • LSpain 0.7 2017 • LAustralia 0.8 2017 • LMaldives 0.8 2013 • •Netherlands 0.8 2017 • LPoland 0.8 2017 • LIceland 0.9 2017 • LIreland 0.9 2017 • LMalta 0.9 2015 • •Slovenia 0.9 2017 • LGeorgia 1.0 2016 • LGermany 1.0 2017 • LTonga 1.0 2012 • •Benin * 1.1 2017 • LCroatia 1.1 2017 • LGuinea-Bissau * 1.1 2017 • LSerbia 1.1 2017 • LSweden 1.1 2017 • LUzbekistan 1.1 2017 • LAndorra 1.2 2011 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.2 2017 • L

Denmark 1.2 2017 • LFinland 1.2 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 1.2 2017 • LBurkina Faso 1.3 2017 • LFrance 1.3 2017 • LSaudi Arabia 1.3 2017 • LAlgeria 1.4 2015 • •Cameroon 1.4 2017 • L

Israel 1.4 2015 • •Jordan 1.4 2017 • LBulgaria 1.5 2017 • LNorth Macedonia 1.5 2017 • LRomania 1.5 2017 • LSlovak Republic 1.5 2017 • LVietnam 1.5 2011 • •Bhutan 1.6 2017 • pTajikistan 1.6 2011 • •Belgium 1.7 2017 • LMalawi 1.7 2012 • •Sierra Leone 1.7 2015 • •Cambodia 1.8 2011 • •Canada 1.8 2017 • pKuwait 1.8 2012 • •Mauritius 1.8 2016 • pAzerbaijan 2.0 2017 • LGhana 2.1 2017 • 5Malaysia 2.1 2013 • •Morocco 2.1 2017 • pVanuatu * 2.1 2015 • •Bangladesh 2.2 2017 • LEstonia 2.2 2017 • LNepal 2.2 2016 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 2.2 2010 • •Albania 2.3 2017 • LEquatorial Guinea * 2.3 2015 • •Fiji 2.3 2014 • •Myanmar 2.3 2016 • DSri Lanka 2.3 2017 • LArmenia 2.4 2017 • DMontenegro 2.4 2017 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 2.5 2012 • •Hungary 2.5 2017 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 2.5 2014 • •Libya * 2.5 2015 • •Rwanda 2.5 2015 • •Liechtenstein 2.7 2014 • •Monaco 2.9 2006 • •Tunisia 3.0 2012 • •Palau * 3.1 2012 • •Samoa 3.1 2013 • •India 3.2 2016 • LLiberia 3.2 2012 • •Moldova 3.2 2014 • •Thailand 3.2 2016 • LMozambique 3.4 2011 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 3.4 2011 • •Belarus 3.6 2014 • •






Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population)

Unsentenced prisoners as a percentage of overall prison population. Persons held unsentenced or pre-trial refers to persons held in prisons, penal institutions or correctional institutions who are untried, pre-trial or awaiting a first instance decision on their case from a competent authority regarding their conviction or acquittal.Source: UNODC (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Chile 31.3 2018 • pAustralia 31.6 2018 • pMalaysia 31.9 2018 • pColombia 32.0 2018 • LGuyana 32.1 2018 • LZambia 32.4 2018 • pIndonesia 32.7 2018 • DDenmark 32.8 2018 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 33.2 2018 • pEcuador 33.8 2018 • LUkraine 33.8 2018 • •Mexico 34.3 2018 • LCôte d’Ivoire 34.7 2018 • LMozambique 34.8 2018 • 5Korea, Rep. 35.4 2018 • pMonaco 35.5 2018 • LBelgium 35.6 2018 • pUnited Arab Emirates 35.8 2015 • •Armenia 36.3 2018 • pBrazil 37.2 2018 • LDjibouti 38.0 2018 • LPapua New Guinea 38.3 2018 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 38.5 2018 • LKenya 38.8 2018 • DCanada 38.9 2018 • pMauritius 40.7 2018 • pPeru 40.8 2018 • LMauritania 41.0 2015 • •Jordan 41.7 2015 • •Burkina Faso 42.0 2018 • DSenegal 42.1 2018 • •Lebanon 42.3 2018 • 5The Bahamas 43.0 2015 • •Switzerland 43.2 2018 • pQatar 43.5 2015 • •Albania 44.3 2018 • DLuxembourg 45.9 2018 • pArgentina 46.3 2018 • LAngola 48.0 2018 • DSolomon Islands 48.2 2018 • 5Saudi Arabia 48.3 2018 • •Tanzania 48.6 2015 • •Gabon 50.0 2015 • •Syrian Arab Republic 50.5 2006 • •Andorra 50.6 2018 • LTunisia 50.9 2018 • 5Uganda 51.2 2018 • DMali 51.5 2015 • •Guatemala 51.8 2018 • p

St. Lucia 51.8 2018 • •Burundi 52.7 2018 • 5Panama 52.8 2018 • LSri Lanka 53.4 2018 • pNiger 53.9 2015 • •Cameroon 54.7 2018 • DHonduras 55.4 2018 • pGuinea-Bissau 55.5 2018 • LBarbados 56.1 2018 • pMadagascar 56.1 2018 • pBelize 56.9 2018 • pTrinidad and Tobago 59.7 2018 • pCongo, Rep. 60.0 2015 • •Dominican Republic 60.3 2018 • pComoros 60.4 2015 • •Benin 62.3 2018 • •Liberia 63.0 2018 • LVenezuela, RB 63.0 2018 • 5Chad 63.4 2012 • •Togo 64.6 2018 • pHaiti 66.8 2018 • 5India 67.7 2018 • pNigeria 67.8 2018 • 5Guinea 68.1 2009 • •Pakistan 69.1 2015 • •Uruguay 69.7 2018 • pBolivia 69.9 2018 • L

Central African Republic 70.1 2012 • •Yemen, Rep. 70.9 2015 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 73.0 2015 • •Philippines 74.7 2018 • pParaguay 76.1 2018 • pBangladesh 78.2 2018 • pSan Marino 83.3 2018 • LLibya 86.7 2015 • •Suriname 221.0 2015 • •Bhutan NA NA • •China NA NA • •Cuba NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Eritrea NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Lao PDR NA NA • •Maldives NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Nepal NA NA • •Oman NA NA • •Somalia NA NA • •

Tuvalu 0.0 2015 • •Namibia 3.2 2015 • •Palau 4.1 2006 • •Kiribati 5.4 2018 • •Romania 6.1 2018 • LSamoa 6.5 2018 • •Rwanda 6.8 2015 • •Brunei Darussalam 7.1 2015 • •Tonga 7.4 2015 • •Czech Republic 8.4 2018 • LMarshall Islands 8.5 2015 • •Bulgaria 8.8 2018 • LUnited Kingdom 8.8 2018 • LRussian Federation 9.0 2018 • LKuwait 9.1 2015 • •Poland 9.1 2018 • LLithuania 9.1 2018 • LBelarus 9.4 2018 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 9.9 2018 • •North Macedonia 10.0 2018 • LUzbekistan 10.0 2009 • •Iceland 10.6 2018 • LMyanmar 11.1 2009 • •Japan 11.3 2018 • LKazakhstan 11.3 2018 • LSingapore 11.5 2018 • LGeorgia 11.8 2018 • LAlgeria 12.0 2018 • LGhana 12.5 2018 • LVietnam 12.5 2018 • LTurkmenistan 14.0 2012 • •Malawi 14.4 2018 • LSpain 14.4 2018 • LEthiopia 14.6 2015 • •Slovak Republic 14.9 2018 • LTajikistan 15.0 2009 • •Seychelles 15.1 2018 • L


Azerbaijan 15.5 2018 • LSerbia 15.6 2018 • LPortugal 15.9 2018 • LKyrgyz Republic 16.5 2018 • LZimbabwe 17.1 2015 • •Thailand 17.2 2018 • LMoldova 17.5 2018 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 17.7 2015 • •Eswatini 18.1 2012 • •Italy 18.1 2018 • L

Slovenia 18.3 2018 • LNew Zealand 18.4 2018 • LIreland 18.7 2018 • LFinland 19.0 2018 • LCabo Verde 19.3 2018 • •Lesotho 19.5 2015 • •Grenada 19.9 2018 • LHungary 20.1 2018 • LSudan 20.4 2015 • •Costa Rica 20.6 2018 • LEstonia 20.7 2018 • LAustria 21.0 2018 • LNicaragua 21.4 2018 • •Vanuatu 22.4 2018 • LMongolia 23.1 2018 • LMorocco 23.4 2018 • LUnited States 23.4 2018 • LGermany 23.6 2018 • LTimor-Leste 23.8 2018 • LThe Gambia 24.1 2015 • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines 24.3 2018 • L

Liechtenstein 24.7 2018 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 25.1 2015 • •Norway 25.2 2018 • LBotswana 25.4 2015 • •Bahrain 25.7 2018 • LNetherlands 25.8 2018 • LFiji 25.9 2018 • LCyprus 26.3 2018 • LIraq 26.5 2015 • •Sweden 26.9 2018 • LIsrael 27.0 2015 • •South Africa 27.0 2018 • LCroatia 27.6 2018 • LMalta 27.9 2018 • LFrance 28.6 2018 • LLatvia 28.6 2018 • LCambodia 28.7 2018 • LMontenegro 28.7 2018 • LSouth Sudan 28.9 2015 • •Jamaica 29.3 2018 • LSierra Leone 30.1 2018 • LDominica 30.4 2018 • pEl Salvador 30.4 2018 • pSt. Kitts and Nevis 30.5 2018 • pTurkey 30.6 2018 • pGreece 31.1 2018 • pAfghanistan 31.3 2015 • •






Percentage of population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city or area where they live (%)

The percentage of the surveyed population that responded “Yes” to the question “Do you feel safe walking alone at night in the city or area where you live?”Source: Gallup (2020) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available year)

Guatemala 56.3 2019 • LCambodia 55.5 2019 • LLebanon 55.3 2018 • pMali 55.0 2019 • pGuinea 54.3 2019 • DNigeria 54.3 2018 • pBenin 54.1 2019 • LLibya 54.1 2018 • •Ethiopia 53.7 2019 • pMozambique 53.2 2019 • DYemen, Rep. 53.0 2018 • pEl Salvador 52.8 2018 • LUkraine 52.6 2019 • LUganda 52.3 2018 • p

Central African Republic 52.1 2017 • •Trinidad and Tobago 51.7 2017 • •Paraguay 51.1 2018 • LCuba 50.8 2006 • •Mauritania 50.6 2019 • DTogo 50.6 2019 • pBelize 50.2 2014 • •Mongolia 50.0 2019 • pPanama 49.6 2019 • pMaldives 49.5 2017 • •Haiti 49.5 2018 • 5Sierra Leone 49.3 2019 • pSenegal 48.6 2019 • pCosta Rica 47.8 2019 • pColombia 47.5 2019 • 5Chile 47.4 2018 • pMalawi 47.3 2019 • DGuyana 46.7 2007 • •Angola 46.2 2014 • •Nicaragua 46.2 2018 • pBolivia 46.1 2018 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 45.5 2019 • pEcuador 45.3 2019 • pEswatini 45.3 2019 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 45.2 2017 • •Zimbabwe 45.1 2019 • pPeru 44.9 2019 • DCongo, Rep. 44.8 2019 • pThe Gambia 44.5 2019 • •Argentina 44.2 2019 • 5Zambia 44.1 2019 • pCameroon 43.6 2019 • pMadagascar 43.4 2019 • pChad 42.9 2018 • p

South Sudan 42.1 2017 • •Mexico 42.0 2018 • 5Brazil 40.2 2019 • 5Uruguay 39.5 2018 • pNamibia 39.5 2019 • pDominican Republic 36.8 2018 • 5Botswana 34.4 2018 • pLesotho 34.0 2019 • pLiberia 33.0 2019 • pSyrian Arab Republic 32.2 2015 • •South Africa 31.5 2018 • pVenezuela, RB 29.4 2019 • LGabon 28.4 2019 • pAfghanistan 12.5 2018 • pAndorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Barbados NA NA • •Brunei Darussalam NA NA • •Cabo Verde NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Eritrea NA NA • •Fiji NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Oman NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Papua New Guinea NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •São Tomé and Príncipe NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •Vanuatu NA NA • •

Singapore 96.5 2019 • LTurkmenistan 92.5 2019 • LNorway 92.2 2019 • LQatar 92.1 2012 • •United Arab Emirates 92.0 2019 • •Slovenia 90.3 2019 • LArmenia 89.1 2018 • LTajikistan 88.1 2018 • LSaudi Arabia 87.9 2019 • •Switzerland 87.6 2019 • LDenmark 87.5 2019 • LAustria 87.3 2019 • LUzbekistan 87.1 2019 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 87.0 2018 • LLuxembourg 86.6 2019 • LChina 86.4 2018 • •Kuwait 85.8 2006 • •Somalia 85.4 2016 • •Finland 84.3 2019 • LIceland 84.0 2017 • •Portugal 83.3 2019 • LAzerbaijan 82.4 2019 • LGeorgia 82.4 2019 • LCanada 81.4 2019 • LIndonesia 80.8 2019 • LRwanda 80.3 2019 • LNetherlands 80.1 2019 • LMontenegro 79.2 2019 • LSerbia 77.8 2018 • LSpain 77.5 2019 • LSweden 76.7 2019 • LIreland 75.9 2019 • LIsrael 75.1 2018 • LCroatia 75.1 2018 • LKorea, Rep. 74.8 2019 • LUnited States 74.5 2019 • LMalta 74.5 2019 • LUnited Kingdom 74.5 2019 • LFrance 74.1 2019 • LPoland 73.9 2018 • LCyprus 73.6 2018 • LJordan 73.4 2019 • LJapan 73.3 2019 • LCzech Republic 72.4 2018 • LEstonia 72.1 2019 • LDjibouti 71.6 2011 • •Germany 71.3 2019 • LSudan 71.3 2014 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 70.9 2019 • L

Tanzania 70.7 2019 • LKazakhstan 70.2 2019 • LIndia 69.3 2018 • LLithuania 69.0 2018 • LPakistan 68.5 2018 • LBangladesh 68.4 2019 • pItaly 68.3 2019 • LNorth Macedonia 68.3 2019 • LNew Zealand 68.0 2019 • LSlovak Republic 67.5 2018 • LMyanmar 67.3 2019 • p


Comoros 67.0 2019 • •Iraq 67.0 2018 • LGhana 66.7 2018 • pVietnam 66.1 2019 • LMoldova 66.1 2019 • LBurundi 65.7 2018 • LMauritius 65.1 2019 • LAustralia 64.3 2019 • DAlgeria 64.3 2018 • •Thailand 63.9 2019 • pSri Lanka 63.8 2018 • pHungary 63.2 2019 • LBhutan 63.1 2015 • •Albania 63.0 2019 • DPhilippines 62.4 2019 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 62.3 2019 • LJamaica 62.1 2017 • •Belgium 61.7 2019 • pBelarus 61.5 2019 • LMalaysia 61.0 2019 • LLao PDR 60.7 2018 • •Niger 60.3 2019 • pSuriname 60.2 2012 • •Romania 60.0 2019 • LBahrain 59.9 2011 • •Honduras 59.4 2019 • LBulgaria 58.4 2018 • 5Latvia 58.2 2018 • pTunisia 57.9 2019 • pBurkina Faso 57.7 2019 • 5Kenya 57.5 2019 • DNepal 57.5 2019 • pGreece 57.5 2018 • pRussian Federation 57.5 2018 • LMorocco 57.4 2019 • pTurkey 56.8 2018 • p






Property Rights (worst 1–7 best)

Survey-based assessment of protection of property rights, on a scale from 1 (worst) to 7 (best). The indicator reports respondents’ qualitative assessment based on answers to several questions on the protection of property rights and intellectual property rights protection.Source: World Economic Forum (2019) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available year)

Burkina Faso 4.0 2019 • •Côte d’Ivoire 3.9 2019 • •Brazil 3.9 2019 • •Cameroon 3.9 2019 • •Bulgaria 3.9 2019 • •Serbia 3.9 2019 • •Lao PDR 3.9 2019 • •Moldova 3.9 2019 • •Sri Lanka 3.9 2019 • •Benin 3.9 2019 • •Croatia 3.8 2019 • •Argentina 3.8 2019 • •Russian Federation 3.7 2019 • •Ecuador 3.7 2019 • •Nigeria 3.6 2019 • •El Salvador 3.6 2019 • •Nicaragua 3.6 2019 • •Mali 3.6 2019 • •North Macedonia 3.6 2019 • •Guinea 3.6 2019 • •Peru 3.5 2019 • •Kyrgyz Republic 3.5 2019 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 3.5 2019 • •Mongolia 3.5 2019 • •Gabon 3.5 2019 • •Mozambique 3.4 2019 • •Lesotho 3.4 2019 • •Ukraine 3.3 2019 • •Albania 3.3 2019 • •Ethiopia 3.3 2019 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.3 2019 • •Angola 3.2 2019 • •Madagascar 3.2 2019 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 3.1 2019 • •Chad 3.1 2019 • •Yemen, Rep. 2.9 2019 • •Zimbabwe 2.8 2019 • •Bolivia 2.7 2019 • •Haiti 2.4 2019 • •Mauritania 2.2 2019 • •Venezuela, RB 1.6 2019 • •Afghanistan NA NA • •Andorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Belarus NA NA • •Belize NA NA • •Bhutan NA NA • •

Central African Republic NA NA • •Comoros NA NA • •Congo, Rep. NA NA • •Cuba NA NA • •Djibouti NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Eritrea NA NA • •Fiji NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Guinea-Bissau NA NA • •Guyana NA NA • •Iraq NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Liberia NA NA • •Libya NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Maldives NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Myanmar NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Niger NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Papua New Guinea NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •São Tomé and Príncipe NA NA • •Sierra Leone NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •Somalia NA NA • •South Sudan NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Sudan NA NA • •Suriname NA NA • •Syrian Arab Republic NA NA • •Timor-Leste NA NA • •Togo NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Turkmenistan NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •Uzbekistan NA NA • •Vanuatu NA NA • •

Finland 6.6 2019 • •Switzerland 6.4 2019 • •Singapore 6.4 2019 • •Japan 6.2 2019 • •Austria 6.2 2019 • •Luxembourg 6.1 2019 • •Netherlands 6.1 2019 • •Australia 6.1 2019 • •Denmark 6.0 2019 • •Iceland 5.9 2019 • •New Zealand 5.9 2019 • •Norway 5.8 2019 • •Ireland 5.7 2019 • •Saudi Arabia 5.7 2019 • •Belgium 5.7 2019 • •Bahrain 5.7 2019 • •United Arab Emirates 5.7 2019 • •Canada 5.6 2019 • •Oman 5.6 2019 • •United States 5.6 2019 • •Sweden 5.5 2019 • •Malaysia 5.5 2019 • •United Kingdom 5.5 2019 • •Qatar 5.4 2019 • •Israel 5.4 2019 • •Estonia 5.4 2019 • •Mauritius 5.3 2019 • •Germany 5.3 2019 • •Morocco 5.3 2019 • •Chile 5.3 2019 • •France 5.2 2019 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 5.1 2019 • •Malta 5.1 2019 • •Uruguay 5.1 2019 • •Azerbaijan 5.1 2019 • •Namibia 5.0 2019 • •Korea, Rep. 5.0 2019 • •Jordan 5.0 2019 • •Cyprus 5.0 2019 • •Costa Rica 5.0 2019 • •Rwanda 5.0 2019 • •Portugal 4.9 2019 • •Botswana 4.9 2019 • •Armenia 4.8 2019 • •Spain 4.8 2019 • •Georgia 4.8 2019 • •Czech Republic 4.7 2019 • •Lithuania 4.7 2019 • •Seychelles 4.7 2019 • •

Latvia 4.7 2019 • •Indonesia 4.7 2019 • •Romania 4.6 2019 • •Slovenia 4.6 2019 • •Eswatini 4.6 2019 • •Tajikistan 4.6 2019 • •China 4.6 2019 • •Barbados 4.5 2019 • •Panama 4.5 2019 • •Philippines 4.5 2019 • •The Gambia 4.5 2019 • •Jamaica 4.4 2019 • •Kuwait 4.4 2019 • •India 4.4 2019 • •Slovak Republic 4.4 2019 • •Kazakhstan 4.4 2019 • •Italy 4.4 2019 • •Kenya 4.4 2019 • •Tunisia 4.3 2019 • •Burundi 4.3 2019 • •Montenegro 4.3 2019 • •Thailand 4.3 2019 • •Brunei Darussalam 4.3 2019 • •Dominican Republic 4.3 2019 • •Trinidad and Tobago 4.3 2019 • •Senegal 4.3 2019 • •Turkey 4.3 2019 • •Malawi 4.2 2019 • •Tanzania 4.2 2019 • •Guatemala 4.2 2019 • •Cambodia 4.2 2019 • •Cabo Verde 4.2 2019 • •Paraguay 4.2 2019 • •Zambia 4.1 2019 • •Mexico 4.1 2019 • •Ghana 4.1 2019 • •Honduras 4.1 2019 • •South Africa 4.1 2019 • •Poland 4.1 2019 • •Colombia 4.1 2019 • •Algeria 4.1 2019 • •Uganda 4.1 2019 • •Pakistan 4.1 2019 • •Lebanon 4.0 2019 • •Nepal 4.0 2019 • •Greece 4.0 2019 • •Vietnam 4.0 2019 • •Hungary 4.0 2019 • •Bangladesh 4.0 2019 • •






Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5)

The percentage of children under the age of five whose births are reported as being registered with the relevant national civil authorities.Source: UNICEF (2017) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Honduras 93.6 2018 • •Kiribati 93.5 2018 • •Tonga 93.4 2018 • •St. Lucia 92.0 2018 • •Bolivia 91.9 2018 • •Philippines 91.8 2018 • •Djibouti 91.7 2018 • •Cabo Verde 91.0 2018 • •Gabon 89.6 2018 • •Guyana 88.7 2018 • •South Africa 88.6 2018 • •Dominican Republic 88.0 2018 • •Solomon Islands 88.0 2018 • •Botswana 87.5 2018 • •Comoros 87.3 2018 • •Mali 86.7 2018 • •Benin 85.6 2018 • •Haiti 84.8 2018 • •Nicaragua 84.7 2018 • •Marshall Islands 83.8 2018 • •Burundi 83.5 2018 • •Madagascar 83.0 2018 • •Ecuador 82.1 2018 • •Myanmar 81.3 2018 • •Venezuela, RB 81.3 2018 • •Sierra Leone 81.1 2018 • •India 79.7 2018 • •Togo 78.1 2018 • •Namibia 77.4 2018 • •Senegal 77.4 2018 • •Burkina Faso 76.9 2018 • •Cambodia 73.3 2018 • •Lao PDR 73.0 2018 • •Indonesia 71.9 2018 • •Côte d’Ivoire 71.7 2018 • •Ghana 70.5 2018 • •Paraguay 69.1 2018 • •Sudan 67.3 2018 • •Kenya 66.9 2018 • •Cameroon 66.1 2018 • •Mauritania 65.6 2018 • •Niger 63.9 2018 • •Guinea 62.0 2018 • •Central African Republic 61.0 2018 • •Timor-Leste 60.4 2018 • •Samoa 58.6 2018 • •The Gambia 57.9 2018 • •Bangladesh 56.2 2018 • •

Nepal 56.2 2018 • •Rwanda 56.0 2018 • •Mozambique 55.0 2018 • •Equatorial Guinea 53.5 2018 • •Eswatini 53.5 2018 • •Tuvalu 49.9 2018 • •Vanuatu 43.4 2018 • •Lesotho 43.3 2018 • •Nigeria 42.6 2018 • •Afghanistan 42.3 2018 • •Pakistan 42.2 2018 • •Zimbabwe 38.2 2018 • •South Sudan 35.4 2018 • •Uganda 32.2 2018 • •Yemen, Rep. 30.7 2018 • •Tanzania 26.4 2018 • •Angola 25.0 2018 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 24.6 2018 • •Liberia 24.6 2018 • •Guinea-Bissau 23.7 2018 • •Chad 12.0 2018 • •Zambia 11.3 2018 • •Malawi 5.6 2018 • •Somalia 3.0 2018 • •Ethiopia 2.7 2018 • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Bahrain NA NA • •Brunei Darussalam NA NA • •China NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Eritrea NA NA • •Fiji NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Korea, Rep. NA NA • •Kuwait NA NA • •Libya NA NA • •Malaysia NA NA • •Mauritius NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Papua New Guinea NA NA • •Romania NA NA • •Saudi Arabia NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Singapore NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •

Andorra 100.0 2018 • •Australia 100.0 2018 • •Austria 100.0 2018 • •Belarus 100.0 2018 • •Belgium 100.0 2018 • •Bulgaria 100.0 2018 • •Canada 100.0 2018 • •Croatia 100.0 2018 • •Cuba 100.0 2018 • •Cyprus 100.0 2018 • •Czech Republic 100.0 2018 • •Denmark 100.0 2018 • •Estonia 100.0 2018 • •Finland 100.0 2018 • •France 100.0 2018 • •Germany 100.0 2018 • •Greece 100.0 2018 • •Hungary 100.0 2018 • •Iceland 100.0 2018 • •Ireland 100.0 2018 • •Israel 100.0 2018 • •Italy 100.0 2018 • •Japan 100.0 2018 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. 100.0 2018 • •Latvia 100.0 2018 • •Liechtenstein 100.0 2018 • •Lithuania 100.0 2018 • •Luxembourg 100.0 2018 • •Malta 100.0 2018 • •Monaco 100.0 2018 • •Netherlands 100.0 2018 • •New Zealand 100.0 2018 • •Norway 100.0 2018 • •Oman 100.0 2018 • •Poland 100.0 2018 • •Portugal 100.0 2018 • •Qatar 100.0 2018 • •Russian Federation 100.0 2018 • •San Marino 100.0 2018 • •Slovak Republic 100.0 2018 • •Slovenia 100.0 2018 • •Spain 100.0 2018 • •Sweden 100.0 2018 • •Switzerland 100.0 2018 • •United Arab Emirates 100.0 2018 • •United Kingdom 100.0 2018 • •United States 100.0 2018 • •Bhutan 99.9 2018 • •Tunisia 99.9 2018 • •

Uzbekistan 99.9 2018 • •Ukraine 99.8 2018 • •Uruguay 99.8 2018 • •Kazakhstan 99.7 2018 • •North Macedonia 99.7 2018 • •Algeria 99.6 2018 • •Costa Rica 99.6 2018 • •Georgia 99.6 2018 • •Moldova 99.6 2018 • •Turkmenistan 99.6 2018 • •Argentina 99.5 2018 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 99.5 2018 • •Lebanon 99.5 2018 • •Thailand 99.5 2018 • •Chile 99.4 2018 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 99.4 2018 • •Montenegro 99.4 2018 • •Serbia 99.4 2018 • •Mongolia 99.3 2018 • •Kyrgyz Republic 98.9 2018 • •Iraq 98.8 2018 • •Maldives 98.8 2018 • •Turkey 98.8 2018 • •Armenia 98.7 2018 • •Barbados 98.7 2018 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 98.6 2018 • •El Salvador 98.5 2018 • •Albania 98.4 2018 • •Suriname 98.3 2018 • •Jamaica 98.0 2018 • •Jordan 98.0 2018 • •Peru 97.7 2018 • •Sri Lanka 97.2 2018 • •Colombia 96.8 2018 • •Trinidad and Tobago 96.5 2018 • •Brazil 96.4 2018 • •Guatemala 96.4 2018 • •Morocco 96.1 2018 • •Vietnam 96.1 2018 • •Syrian Arab Republic 96.0 2018 • •Congo, Rep. 95.9 2018 • •Nauru 95.9 2018 • •Tajikistan 95.8 2018 • •Belize 95.7 2018 • •Panama 95.6 2018 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 95.2 2018 • •Mexico 95.0 2018 • •Azerbaijan 93.6 2018 • •






Corruption Perception Index (worst 0–100 best)

The perceived levels of public sector corruption, on a scale from 0 (highest level of perceived corruption) to 100 (lowest level of perceived corruption). The CPI aggregates data from a number of different sources that provide perceptions of business people and country experts.Source: Transparency International (2020) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available year)

Vietnam 37 2019 • D

Bosnia and Herzegovina 36 2019 • p

Panama 36 2019 • pPeru 36 2019 • 5Thailand 36 2019 • pAlbania 35 2019 • pAlgeria 35 2019 • pBrazil 35 2019 • pCôte d’Ivoire 35 2019 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 35 2019 • pMongolia 35 2019 • pNorth Macedonia 35 2019 • pEl Salvador 34 2019 • pEswatini 34 2019 • pKazakhstan 34 2019 • DNepal 34 2019 • DPhilippines 34 2019 • pZambia 34 2019 • pSierra Leone 33 2019 • 5Moldova 32 2019 • pNiger 32 2019 • pPakistan 32 2019 • 5Bolivia 31 2019 • pGabon 31 2019 • pMalawi 31 2019 • 5Azerbaijan 30 2019 • 5Djibouti 30 2019 • pKyrgyz Republic 30 2019 • 5Ukraine 30 2019 • 5Guinea 29 2019 • 5Lao PDR 29 2019 • 5Maldives 29 2019 • pMali 29 2019 • pMexico 29 2019 • pMyanmar 29 2019 • DTogo 29 2019 • pDominican Republic 28 2019 • pKenya 28 2019 • 5Lebanon 28 2019 • 5Liberia 28 2019 • pMauritania 28 2019 • pPapua New Guinea 28 2019 • 5Paraguay 28 2019 • 5Russian Federation 28 2019 • pUganda 28 2019 • 5Angola 26 2019 • DBangladesh 26 2019 • 5Guatemala 26 2019 • p

Honduras 26 2019 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 26 2019 • pMozambique 26 2019 • pNigeria 26 2019 • 5Cameroon 25 2019 • p

Central African Republic 25 2019 • 5

Comoros 25 2019 • pTajikistan 25 2019 • pUzbekistan 25 2019 • DMadagascar 24 2019 • pZimbabwe 24 2019 • 5Eritrea 23 2019 • 5Nicaragua 22 2019 • pCambodia 20 2019 • pChad 20 2019 • pIraq 20 2019 • 5Burundi 19 2019 • pCongo, Rep. 19 2019 • pTurkmenistan 19 2019 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 18 2019 • pGuinea-Bissau 18 2019 • 5Haiti 18 2019 • 5Libya 18 2019 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 17 2019 • DAfghanistan 16 2019 • 5Equatorial Guinea 16 2019 • •Sudan 16 2019 • 5Venezuela, RB 16 2019 • pYemen, Rep. 15 2019 • pSyrian Arab Republic 13 2019 • pSouth Sudan 12 2019 • pSomalia 9 2019 • 5Andorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •Belize NA NA • •Fiji NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •

Denmark 87 2019 • LNew Zealand 87 2019 • LFinland 86 2019 • LSingapore 85 2019 • LSweden 85 2019 • LSwitzerland 85 2019 • LNorway 84 2019 • LNetherlands 82 2019 • LGermany 80 2019 • LLuxembourg 80 2019 • LIceland 78 2019 • LAustralia 77 2019 • LAustria 77 2019 • LCanada 77 2019 • LUnited Kingdom 77 2019 • LBelgium 75 2019 • LEstonia 74 2019 • LIreland 74 2019 • LJapan 73 2019 • LUnited Arab Emirates 71 2019 • LUruguay 71 2019 • LFrance 69 2019 • LUnited States 69 2019 • LBhutan 68 2019 • LChile 67 2019 • LSeychelles 66 2019 • LThe Bahamas 64 2019 • LBarbados 62 2019 • LPortugal 62 2019 • LQatar 62 2019 • LSpain 62 2019 • LBotswana 61 2019 • LBrunei Darussalam 60 2019 • LIsrael 60 2019 • LLithuania 60 2019 • LSlovenia 60 2019 • LKorea, Rep. 59 2019 • L

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 59 2019 • p

Cabo Verde 58 2019 • LCyprus 58 2019 • pPoland 58 2019 • pCosta Rica 56 2019 • DCzech Republic 56 2019 • 5Georgia 56 2019 • LLatvia 56 2019 • 5Dominica 55 2019 • pSt. Lucia 55 2019 • pMalta 54 2019 • p

Grenada 53 2019 • pItaly 53 2019 • LMalaysia 53 2019 • LRwanda 53 2019 • pSaudi Arabia 53 2019 • 5Mauritius 52 2019 • pNamibia 52 2019 • pOman 52 2019 • LSlovak Republic 50 2019 • pCuba 48 2019 • 5Greece 48 2019 • DJordan 48 2019 • pCroatia 47 2019 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 46 2019 • DVanuatu 46 2019 • •Argentina 45 2019 • LBelarus 45 2019 • LMontenegro 45 2019 • 5Senegal 45 2019 • 5Hungary 44 2019 • pRomania 44 2019 • pSouth Africa 44 2019 • 5Suriname 44 2019 • LBulgaria 43 2019 • 5Jamaica 43 2019 • 5Tunisia 43 2019 • DArmenia 42 2019 • LBahrain 42 2019 • pSolomon Islands 42 2019 • 5Benin 41 2019 • DChina 41 2019 • DGhana 41 2019 • pIndia 41 2019 • DMorocco 41 2019 • DBurkina Faso 40 2019 • 5Guyana 40 2019 • LIndonesia 40 2019 • DKuwait 40 2019 • pLesotho 40 2019 • pTrinidad and Tobago 40 2019 • 5Serbia 39 2019 • pTurkey 39 2019 • pEcuador 38 2019 • DSri Lanka 38 2019 • 5Timor-Leste 38 2019 • LColombia 37 2019 • 5Ethiopia 37 2019 • DThe Gambia 37 2019 • LTanzania 37 2019 • D






Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14)

The percentage of children, between the age of 5-14 years old, involved in child labor at the time of the survey. A child is considered to be involved in child labor under the following conditions: (a) children 5-11 years old who, during the reference week, did at least one hour of economic activity or at least 28 hours of household chores, or (b) children 12-14 years old who, during the reference week, did at least 14 hours of economic activity or at least 28 hours of household chores. We assumed 0% child labor for high-income countries for which no data was reported.Source: UNICEF (2017) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)

Mongolia 17.3 2016 • •Guyana 18.3 2016 • •The Gambia 19.2 2016 • •Cambodia 19.3 2016 • •Liberia 20.8 2016 • •Ghana 21.8 2016 • •Peru 21.8 2016 • •Comoros 22.0 2016 • •Mozambique 22.2 2016 • •Yemen, Rep. 22.7 2016 • •Lesotho 22.9 2016 • •Madagascar 22.9 2016 • •Senegal 23.0 2016 • •Congo, Rep. 23.3 2016 • •Angola 23.4 2016 • •Haiti 24.4 2016 • •Nigeria 24.7 2016 • •Sudan 24.9 2016 • •Guatemala 25.8 2016 • •Kyrgyz Republic 25.8 2016 • •Kenya 25.9 2016 • •São Tomé and Príncipe 26.0 2016 • •Burundi 26.3 2016 • •Bolivia 26.4 2016 • •Côte d’Ivoire 26.4 2016 • •Ethiopia 27.4 2016 • •Paraguay 27.6 2016 • •Equatorial Guinea 27.8 2016 • •Togo 27.9 2016 • •Guinea 28.3 2016 • •Central African Republic 28.5 2016 • •Rwanda 28.5 2016 • •Tanzania 28.8 2016 • •Afghanistan 29.4 2016 • •Niger 30.5 2016 • •Nepal 37.4 2016 • •Sierra Leone 37.4 2016 • •Mauritania 37.6 2016 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 38.4 2016 • •Burkina Faso 39.2 2016 • •Malawi 39.3 2016 • •Zambia 40.6 2016 • •Cameroon 47.0 2016 • •Solomon Islands 47.8 2016 • •Somalia 49.0 2016 • •Guinea-Bissau 51.1 2016 • •Chad 51.5 2016 • •Benin 52.5 2016 • •

Mali 55.8 2016 • •Andorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Brunei Darussalam NA NA • •Bulgaria NA NA • •China NA NA • •Croatia NA NA • •Cuba NA NA • •Cyprus NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Eritrea NA NA • •Fiji NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Kuwait NA NA • •Libya NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Malaysia NA NA • •Maldives NA NA • •Malta NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Mauritius NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Namibia NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Oman NA NA • •Pakistan NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Papua New Guinea NA NA • •Qatar NA NA • •Russian Federation NA NA • •Samoa NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •Saudi Arabia NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Singapore NA NA • •South Africa NA NA • •South Sudan NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Tonga NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •United Arab Emirates NA NA • •Uzbekistan NA NA • •Zimbabwe NA NA • •

Australia * 0.0 2016 • •Austria * 0.0 2016 • •Belgium * 0.0 2016 • •Canada * 0.0 2016 • •Czech Republic * 0.0 2016 • •Denmark * 0.0 2016 • •Estonia * 0.0 2016 • •Finland * 0.0 2016 • •France * 0.0 2016 • •Germany * 0.0 2016 • •Greece * 0.0 2016 • •Hungary * 0.0 2016 • •Iceland * 0.0 2016 • •Ireland * 0.0 2016 • •Israel * 0.0 2016 • •Italy * 0.0 2016 • •Japan * 0.0 2016 • •Korea, Rep. * 0.0 2016 • •Latvia * 0.0 2016 • •Lithuania * 0.0 2016 • •Luxembourg * 0.0 2016 • •Netherlands * 0.0 2016 • •New Zealand * 0.0 2016 • •Norway * 0.0 2016 • •Poland * 0.0 2016 • •Slovak Republic * 0.0 2016 • •Slovenia * 0.0 2016 • •Spain * 0.0 2016 • •Sweden * 0.0 2016 • •Switzerland * 0.0 2016 • •United Kingdom * 0.0 2016 • •United States * 0.0 2016 • •Turkmenistan 0.3 2016 • •Trinidad and Tobago 0.7 2016 • •Romania 0.9 2016 • •Sri Lanka 1.0 2016 • •Belarus 1.4 2016 • •Jordan 1.7 2016 • •Barbados 1.9 2016 • •Lebanon 1.9 2016 • •Tunisia 2.1 2016 • •Kazakhstan 2.2 2016 • •Ukraine 2.4 2016 • •Panama 2.5 2016 • •Bhutan 2.9 2016 • •Belize 3.2 2016 • •Jamaica 3.3 2016 • •Portugal 3.4 2016 • •St. Lucia 3.9 2016 • •

Syrian Arab Republic 4.0 2016 • •Costa Rica 4.1 2016 • •Suriname 4.1 2016 • •Georgia 4.2 2016 • •Timor-Leste 4.2 2016 • •Bangladesh 4.3 2016 • •Argentina 4.4 2016 • •Bahrain 4.6 2016 • •Iraq 4.7 2016 • •Ecuador 4.9 2016 • •Algeria 5.0 2016 • •Albania 5.1 2016 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.3 2016 • •Turkey 5.9 2016 • •Cabo Verde 6.4 2016 • •Azerbaijan 6.5 2016 • •Brazil 6.6 2016 • •Chile 6.6 2016 • •Indonesia 6.9 2016 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 7.0 2016 • •Eswatini 7.3 2016 • •Djibouti 7.7 2016 • •Venezuela, RB 7.7 2016 • •Colombia 7.8 2016 • •Uruguay 7.9 2016 • •Morocco 8.3 2016 • •Thailand 8.3 2016 • •Armenia 8.7 2016 • •El Salvador 8.9 2016 • •Botswana 9.0 2016 • •Myanmar 9.3 2016 • •Serbia 9.5 2016 • •Tajikistan 10.0 2016 • •Lao PDR 10.1 2016 • •Philippines 11.1 2016 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 11.4 2016 • •India 11.8 2016 • •Mexico 12.4 2016 • •Montenegro 12.5 2016 • •North Macedonia 12.5 2016 • •Dominican Republic 12.8 2016 • •Gabon 13.4 2016 • •Honduras 14.1 2016 • •Nicaragua 14.5 2016 • •Vanuatu 15.2 2016 • •Moldova 16.3 2016 • •Uganda 16.3 2016 • •Vietnam 16.4 2016 • •






Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population)

Volume of major conventional weapons exported, expressed in constant 1990 US$ millions per 100,000 population. It is calculated based on the trend-indicator value, which is based on the known unit production cost of a core set of weapons, and does not reflect the financial value of the exports. Small arms, light weapons, ammunition and other support material are not included.Source: Stockholm Peace Research Institute (2020) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available year)

Peru * 0.0 2019 • •Philippines * 0.0 2019 • •Romania * 0.0 2019 • •Rwanda * 0.0 2019 • •Samoa * 0.0 2019 • •San Marino * 0.0 2019 • •São Tomé and Príncipe* 0.0 2019 • •Senegal * 0.0 2019 • •Seychelles * 0.0 2019 • •Sierra Leone * 0.0 2019 • •Slovenia 0.0 2019 • •Solomon Islands * 0.0 2019 • •Somalia * 0.0 2019 • •South Sudan * 0.0 2019 • •Sri Lanka * 0.0 2019 • •St. Kitts and Nevis * 0.0 2019 • •St. Lucia * 0.0 2019 • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines * 0.0 2019 • •Sudan * 0.0 2019 • •Suriname * 0.0 2019 • •Syrian Arab Republic* 0.0 2019 • •Tajikistan * 0.0 2019 • •Tanzania * 0.0 2019 • •Timor-Leste * 0.0 2019 • •Togo * 0.0 2019 • •Tonga * 0.0 2019 • •Trinidad and Tobago* 0.0 2019 • •Tunisia * 0.0 2019 • •Turkmenistan * 0.0 2019 • •Tuvalu * 0.0 2019 • •Uruguay * 0.0 2019 • •Vanuatu * 0.0 2019 • •Venezuela, RB * 0.0 2019 • •Vietnam * 0.0 2019 • •Yemen, Rep. * 0.0 2019 • •Zambia * 0.0 2019 • •Zimbabwe * 0.0 2019 • •Mexico 0.0 2019 • •Pakistan 0.0 2019 • •Japan 0.0 2019 • •Thailand 0.0 2019 • •Côte d’Ivoire 0.0 2019 • •India 0.0 2019 • •Saudi Arabia 0.0 2019 • •Uganda 0.0 2019 • •Ecuador 0.0 2019 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.0 2019 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.0 2019 • •

Indonesia 0.0 2019 • •Colombia 0.0 2019 • •Panama 0.0 2019 • •Brazil 0.0 2019 • •Poland 0.0 2019 • •Dominican Republic 0.0 2019 • •Croatia 0.1 2019 • •Kyrgyz Republic 0.1 2019 • •New Zealand 0.1 2019 • •China 0.1 2019 • •Austria 0.1 2019 • •Oman 0.1 2019 • •South Africa 0.1 2019 • •Belgium 0.2 2019 • •Uzbekistan 0.2 2019 • •Georgia 0.2 2019 • •Qatar 0.2 2019 • •Serbia 0.2 2019 • •Slovak Republic 0.3 2019 • •Turkey 0.3 2019 • •Greece 0.3 2019 • •Denmark 0.4 2019 • •Jordan 0.4 2019 • •Australia 0.4 2019 • •Canada 0.4 2019 • •Portugal 0.5 2019 • •Finland 0.6 2019 • •Bulgaria 0.6 2019 • •Ukraine 0.6 2019 • •Singapore 0.8 2019 • •Czech Republic 0.9 2019 • •Italy 1.0 2019 • •Belarus 1.1 2019 • •United Arab Emirates 1.1 2019 • •Malta 1.1 2019 • •Korea, Rep. 1.2 2019 • •United Kingdom 1.6 2019 • •Sweden 1.8 2019 • •Spain 1.9 2019 • •Germany 2.0 2019 • •Norway 2.1 2019 • •Lithuania 2.2 2019 • •Brunei Darussalam 2.8 2019 • •Switzerland 3.1 2019 • •Netherlands 3.2 2019 • •United States 3.2 2019 • •France 3.5 2019 • •Russian Federation 4.1 2019 • •Israel 10.2 2019 • •

Afghanistan * 0.0 2019 • •Albania * 0.0 2019 • •Algeria 0.0 2019 • •Andorra * 0.0 2019 • •Angola * 0.0 2019 • •Antigua and Barbuda* 0.0 2019 • •Argentina * 0.0 2019 • •Armenia * 0.0 2019 • •Azerbaijan * 0.0 2019 • •The Bahamas 0.0 2019 • •Bahrain * 0.0 2019 • •Bangladesh * 0.0 2019 • •Barbados * 0.0 2019 • •Belize * 0.0 2019 • •Benin * 0.0 2019 • •Bhutan * 0.0 2019 • •Bolivia * 0.0 2019 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina * 0.0 2019 • •Botswana * 0.0 2019 • •Burkina Faso * 0.0 2019 • •Burundi * 0.0 2019 • •Cabo Verde * 0.0 2019 • •Cambodia * 0.0 2019 • •Cameroon * 0.0 2019 • •Central African Republic * 0.0 2019 • •Chad * 0.0 2019 • •Chile 0.0 2019 • •Comoros * 0.0 2019 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. * 0.0 2019 • •Congo, Rep. * 0.0 2019 • •Costa Rica * 0.0 2019 • •Cuba * 0.0 2019 • •Cyprus * 0.0 2019 • •Djibouti * 0.0 2019 • •Dominica * 0.0 2019 • •El Salvador * 0.0 2019 • •Equatorial Guinea * 0.0 2019 • •Eritrea * 0.0 2019 • •Estonia 0.0 2019 • •Eswatini * 0.0 2019 • •Ethiopia * 0.0 2019 • •Fiji * 0.0 2019 • •Gabon * 0.0 2019 • •The Gambia * 0.0 2019 • •Ghana * 0.0 2019 • •Grenada * 0.0 2019 • •Guatemala * 0.0 2019 • •

Guinea * 0.0 2019 • •Guinea-Bissau * 0.0 2019 • •Guyana * 0.0 2019 • •Haiti * 0.0 2019 • •Honduras * 0.0 2019 • •Hungary * 0.0 2019 • •Iceland * 0.0 2019 • •Iraq * 0.0 2019 • •Ireland * 0.0 2019 • •Jamaica * 0.0 2019 • •Kazakhstan * 0.0 2019 • •Kenya * 0.0 2019 • •Kiribati * 0.0 2019 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. * 0.0 2019 • •Kuwait * 0.0 2019 • •Lao PDR * 0.0 2019 • •Latvia * 0.0 2019 • •Lebanon * 0.0 2019 • •Lesotho * 0.0 2019 • •Liberia * 0.0 2019 • •Libya * 0.0 2019 • •Liechtenstein * 0.0 2019 • •Luxembourg * 0.0 2019 • •Madagascar * 0.0 2019 • •Malawi * 0.0 2019 • •Malaysia * 0.0 2019 • •Maldives * 0.0 2019 • •Mali * 0.0 2019 • •Marshall Islands * 0.0 2019 • •Mauritania * 0.0 2019 • •Mauritius * 0.0 2019 • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. * 0.0 2019 • •Moldova * 0.0 2019 • •Monaco * 0.0 2019 • •Mongolia * 0.0 2019 • •Montenegro 0.0 2019 • •Morocco * 0.0 2019 • •Mozambique * 0.0 2019 • •Myanmar * 0.0 2019 • •Namibia * 0.0 2019 • •Nauru * 0.0 2019 • •Nepal * 0.0 2019 • •Nicaragua * 0.0 2019 • •Niger * 0.0 2019 • •Nigeria * 0.0 2019 • •North Macedonia * 0.0 2019 • •Palau * 0.0 2019 • •Papua New Guinea * 0.0 2019 • •Paraguay * 0.0 2019 • •






Press Freedom Index (best 0–100 worst)

Degree of freedom available to journalists in 180 countries and regions, determined by pooling the responses of experts to a questionnaire devised by RSF.Source: Reporters sans frontières (2019) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available year)

Mozambique 32.7 2019 • pMontenegro 32.7 2019 • 5Brazil 32.8 2019 • 5Nepal 33.4 2019 • 5Guinea 33.5 2019 • 5Kuwait 33.9 2019 • pAngola 35.0 2019 • LBulgaria 35.1 2019 • 5Ethiopia 35.1 2019 • LMali 35.2 2019 • LBolivia 35.4 2019 • pNicaragua 35.5 2019 • pGabon 35.6 2019 • pGuatemala 35.9 2019 • DCongo, Rep. 36.0 2019 • pTanzania 36.3 2019 • pZambia 36.4 2019 • pNigeria 36.5 2019 • pAfghanistan 36.6 2019 • DChad 36.7 2019 • LMalaysia 36.7 2019 • LIndonesia 36.8 2019 • LUganda 39.4 2019 • pSri Lanka 39.6 2019 • LZimbabwe 42.2 2019 • pQatar 42.5 2019 • pColombia 42.8 2019 • 5Jordan 43.1 2019 • 5Cameroon 43.3 2019 • pOman 43.4 2019 • pUnited Arab Emirates 43.6 2019 • pPhilippines 43.9 2019 • 5Morocco 44.0 2019 • pThailand 44.1 2019 • 5Myanmar 44.9 2019 • 5South Sudan 45.7 2019 • pIndia 45.7 2019 • pAlgeria 45.8 2019 • pPakistan 45.8 2019 • DCambodia 45.9 2019 • pMexico 46.8 2019 • 5


Honduras 48.5 2019 • pEswatini 49.1 2019 • DVenezuela, RB 49.1 2019 • pRussian Federation 50.3 2019 • pBangladesh 50.7 2019 • pSingapore 51.4 2019 • 5

Brunei Darussalam 51.5 2019 • 5Belarus 51.7 2019 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 51.7 2019 • pRwanda 52.4 2019 • 5Iraq 52.6 2019 • 5Turkey 52.8 2019 • pKazakhstan 52.8 2019 • 5Burundi 52.9 2019 • 5Uzbekistan 53.5 2019 • DTajikistan 54.0 2019 • pLibya 55.8 2019 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 56.5 2019 • pSomalia 57.2 2019 • DEquatorial Guinea 58.4 2019 • DAzerbaijan 59.1 2019 • pBahrain 61.3 2019 • pYemen, Rep. 61.7 2019 • DCuba 63.8 2019 • DIran, Islamic Rep. 64.4 2019 • 5Lao PDR 64.5 2019 • DSaudi Arabia 65.9 2019 • pDjibouti 71.4 2019 • pSyrian Arab Republic 71.8 2019 • DSudan 72.5 2019 • 5Vietnam 74.9 2019 • pChina 78.9 2019 • 5Eritrea 80.3 2019 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 83.4 2019 • 5Turkmenistan 85.4 2019 • pAntigua and Barbuda NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Barbados NA NA • •Dominica NA NA • •Grenada NA NA • •Kiribati NA NA • •Marshall Islands NA NA • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •São Tomé and Príncipe NA NA • •Solomon Islands NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •St. Lucia NA NA • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •Vanuatu NA NA • •

Norway 7.8 2019 • LFinland 7.9 2019 • LSweden 8.3 2019 • LNetherlands 8.6 2019 • LDenmark 9.9 2019 • LSwitzerland 10.5 2019 • LNew Zealand 10.8 2019 • LJamaica 11.1 2019 • LBelgium 12.1 2019 • LCosta Rica 12.2 2019 • LEstonia 12.3 2019 • LPortugal 12.6 2019 • LGermany 14.6 2019 • LIceland 14.7 2019 • LIreland 15.0 2019 • LAustria 15.3 2019 • LLuxembourg 15.7 2019 • LCanada 15.7 2019 • LUruguay 16.1 2019 • LSuriname 16.4 2019 • LAustralia 16.6 2019 • LSamoa 18.3 2019 • LNamibia 19.0 2019 • LLatvia 19.5 2019 • LCabo Verde 19.8 2019 • LLiechtenstein 20.5 2019 • LGhana 20.8 2019 • LCyprus 21.7 2019 • LSpain 22.0 2019 • LLithuania 22.1 2019 • LSouth Africa 22.2 2019 • LFrance 22.2 2019 • LUnited Kingdom 22.2 2019 • LSlovenia 22.3 2019 • LSlovak Republic 23.6 2019 • LBurkina Faso 24.5 2019 • LAndorra 24.6 2019 • LPapua New Guinea 24.7 2019 • LTrinidad and Tobago 24.7 2019 • LCzech Republic 24.9 2019 • LKorea, Rep. 24.9 2019 • LItaly 25.0 2019 • LBotswana 25.1 2019 • LTonga 25.4 2019 • LChile 25.7 2019 • LRomania 25.7 2019 • LUnited States 25.7 2019 • LSenegal 25.8 2019 • LGuyana 26.6 2019 • L

Fiji 27.2 2019 • LBelize 27.5 2019 • LMadagascar 27.8 2019 • LDominican Republic 27.9 2019 • LComoros 27.9 2019 • LArgentina 28.3 2019 • LMauritius 28.5 2019 • LPoland 28.9 2019 • LArmenia 29.0 2019 • LGeorgia 29.0 2019 • LHaiti 29.0 2019 • L


Croatia 29.0 2019 • LGreece 29.1 2019 • LNiger 29.3 2019 • LJapan 29.4 2019 • LMalawi 29.4 2019 • LSeychelles 29.4 2019 • LMongolia 29.5 2019 • LCôte d’Ivoire 29.5 2019 • LTunisia 29.6 2019 • LTogo 29.7 2019 • LLesotho 29.7 2019 • LMalta 29.7 2019 • LPanama 29.8 2019 • LBhutan 29.8 2019 • LEl Salvador 29.8 2019 • LAlbania 29.8 2019 • LKyrgyz Republic 29.9 2019 • LTimor-Leste 29.9 2019 • LPeru 30.2 2019 • pSierra Leone 30.4 2019 • pHungary 30.4 2019 • pIsrael 30.8 2019 • LGuinea-Bissau 31.0 2019 • pSerbia 31.2 2019 • pMoldova 31.2 2019 • pThe Gambia 31.4 2019 • LLiberia 31.5 2019 • 5Mauritania 31.7 2019 • pNorth Macedonia 31.7 2019 • LBenin 31.7 2019 • pEcuador 31.9 2019 • LMaldives 32.2 2019 • LParaguay 32.4 2019 • LKenya 32.4 2019 • pLebanon 32.4 2019 • 5Ukraine 32.5 2019 • D






Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population)(OECD Member States)

The prison population is composed of persons held in prisons, penal institutions, or correctional institutions.Source: UNODC (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

Iceland 39.1 2017 • LJapan 40.6 2017 • LFinland 55.8 2017 • LSweden 57.6 2017 • LNetherlands 61.4 2017 • LSlovenia 63.3 2017 • LDenmark 63.4 2017 • LNorway 63.6 2017 • LGermany 76.6 2017 • LSwitzerland 77.4 2017 • LIreland 78.5 2017 • LBelgium 88.1 2017 • LGreece 89.7 2017 • LAustria 99.5 2017 • LItaly 100.5 2017 • pFrance 106.1 2017 • 5Korea, Rep. 108.3 2017 • 5Luxembourg 111.5 2017 • 5

Canada 113.4 2016 • 5Spain 126.9 2017 • LPortugal 131.5 2017 • DMexico 140.9 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 141.3 2017 • 5Australia 168.5 2017 • pHungary 178.4 2017 • 5Slovak Republic 192.3 2017 • pLatvia 193.1 2017 • LPoland 195.1 2017 • DEstonia 196.6 2017 • LCzech Republic 208.7 2017 • pNew Zealand 221.7 2017 • pLithuania 228.3 2017 • LChile 231.3 2017 • LIsrael 232.2 2017 • DTurkey 322.0 2017 • pUnited States 671.1 2016 • 5






Government spending on health and education (% of GDP)

The sum of public expenditure on health from domestic sources and general government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) expressed as a percentage of GDP.Source: UNESCO (2020); WHO (2020) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)

Tajikistan 7.2 2015 • LPeru 7.1 2016 • LVietnam 7.0 2016 • pSaudi Arabia 7.0 2008 • •Senegal 7.0 2016 • pKenya 7.0 2016 • pTurkey * 7.0 2015 • pDominica 7.0 2015 • •Georgia 6.9 2016 • LRomania 6.9 2016 • pThailand 6.8 2013 • •Yemen, Rep. 6.8 2008 • •Russian Federation 6.7 2016 • pMalaysia 6.7 2016 • pAlbania 6.7 2016 • DSyrian Arab Republic 6.7 2009 • •Brunei Darussalam 6.6 2016 • LCôte d’Ivoire 6.5 2016 • DBurundi 6.5 2016 • pTogo 6.4 2016 • DTonga 6.3 2004 • •Lebanon 6.3 2013 • •Ghana 6.2 2016 • pGrenada 6.2 2003 • •Congo, Rep. 6.1 2015 • LMadagascar 6.1 2016 • LFiji 5.9 2013 • •Bahrain 5.9 2015 • LRwanda 5.8 2016 • pBurkina Faso 5.8 2015 • pEthiopia 5.8 2015 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 5.8 2009 • •Qatar 5.7 2014 • •Nepal 5.6 2016 • LNiger 5.6 2016 • pKuwait 5.6 2006 • •Zambia 5.5 2016 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. 5.3 2008 • •Sri Lanka 5.1 2016 • LAngola 5.1 2010 • •Trinidad and Tobago 5.1 2003 • •Kazakhstan 5.1 2016 • •Guatemala 5.0 2016 • pSierra Leone 4.9 2016 • LIndonesia 4.8 2015 • DBenin 4.8 2016 • pSudan 4.8 2009 • •Afghanistan 4.8 2016 • DChad 4.7 2013 • •

St. Kitts and Nevis 4.7 2015 • •India 4.7 2013 • •Tanzania 4.6 2014 • •Singapore 4.6 2013 • •Armenia 4.4 2016 • 5Turkmenistan 4.3 2012 • •Mali 4.3 2016 • 5Azerbaijan 4.3 2016 • DMauritania 4.2 2016 • pGabon 4.2 2014 • •The Bahamas 4.1 2000 • •Philippines 4.0 2009 • •Guinea-Bissau 4.0 2013 • •Pakistan 3.8 2016 • 5Dominican Republic 3.7 2007 • •Lao PDR 3.6 2014 • •Uganda 3.6 2016 • 5Comoros 3.5 2015 • 5Cameroon 3.3 2016 • pHaiti 3.3 2016 • pGuinea 3.2 2016 • 5Cambodia 3.1 2014 • •Liberia 3.1 2014 • •The Gambia 2.9 2016 • pMonaco 2.8 2016 • pEritrea 2.8 2006 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. 2.6 2016 • 5

Central African Republic 2.0 2011 • •Bangladesh 2.0 2016 • pMyanmar 1.0 2011 • •Bolivia NA NA • •Bosnia and Herzegovina NA NA • •China NA NA • •Equatorial Guinea NA NA • •Iraq NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Libya NA NA • •Liechtenstein NA NA • •Montenegro NA NA • •Nauru NA NA • •Nigeria NA NA • •Papua New Guinea NA NA • •Somalia NA NA • •South Sudan NA NA • •Suriname NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •United Arab Emirates NA NA • •

Kiribati 23.9 2001 • •Cuba 22.5 2010 • •Marshall Islands 22.5 2003 • •Norway 16.9 2016 • LSweden 16.8 2016 • LDenmark 16.2 2014 • •Lesotho 16.2 2008 • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 15.7 2015 • •United States * 15.3 2018 • LBelgium 15.0 2016 • LFinland 14.2 2016 • LGermany 14.2 2016 • LIceland 14.2 2016 • LSolomon Islands 14.1 2010 • •Botswana 14.1 2009 • •Netherlands 13.9 2016 • LNew Zealand 13.7 2016 • LUnited Kingdom 13.3 2016 • LFrance * 13.2 2018 • LAustria 13.1 2016 • LSwitzerland 12.8 2016 • LCosta Rica 12.7 2016 • LJapan 12.3 2016 • LCanada * 11.9 2015 • LMaldives 11.8 2016 • LEswatini 11.6 2014 • •Australia 11.6 2016 • LCzech Republic 11.4 2016 • LUruguay 11.3 2016 • •Belize 11.2 2016 • LPalau 11.2 2002 • •Argentina 11.2 2016 • LSlovenia 10.9 2016 • LMalta 10.9 2015 • LPortugal 10.8 2015 • LSpain 10.6 2016 • LTunisia 10.6 2015 • LItaly 10.5 2016 • LIsrael 10.4 2016 • LChile 10.3 2016 • LSouth Africa 10.3 2016 • LEstonia 10.2 2016 • LCroatia 10.1 2013 • •Brazil 10.0 2015 • LMoldova 10.0 2016 • pSlovak Republic 9.6 2016 • 5Hungary 9.6 2016 • LNicaragua 9.4 2016 • LHonduras 9.4 2015 • L

Bhutan 9.4 2016 • LEcuador 9.2 2015 • pCyprus 9.2 2016 • pPoland 9.2 2016 • pKyrgyz Republic 9.2 2016 • pZimbabwe 9.2 2014 • •Mozambique 9.1 2016 • LIreland 9.0 2016 • pLuxembourg 9.0 2015 • pJamaica 9.0 2016 • pSerbia 8.9 2016 • pKorea, Rep. * 8.9 2017 • LVenezuela, RB 8.9 2009 • •Greece * 8.9 2018 • pBelarus 8.8 2016 • DUzbekistan 8.6 2016 • pGuyana 8.6 2016 • 5

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 8.5 2016 • •Lithuania 8.4 2016 • pNamibia 8.4 2014 • •Andorra 8.4 2016 • LEl Salvador 8.3 2016 • 5Samoa 8.3 2016 • •Barbados 8.3 2016 • pCabo Verde 8.3 2016 • DColombia 8.2 2016 • pSeychelles 8.2 2016 • LLatvia 8.1 2016 • pBulgaria 8.1 2013 • •North Macedonia 8.0 2002 • •St. Lucia 8.0 2016 • LSan Marino 7.9 2011 • •Ukraine 7.9 2016 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 7.8 2016 • LMorocco 7.8 2009 • •Mexico 7.8 2016 • pParaguay 7.6 2016 • pVanuatu 7.6 2015 • LTimor-Leste 7.6 2016 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 7.6 2016 • pMauritius 7.5 2016 • LMalawi 7.5 2016 • 5Oman 7.4 2013 • •Djibouti 7.4 2016 • •Algeria 7.4 2008 • •Panama 7.3 2011 • •Mongolia 7.3 2016 • DJordan 7.3 2016 • •






For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI)

The amount of official development assistance (ODA) as a share of gross national income (GNI). It includes grants, “soft” loans (where the grant element is at least 25% of the total) and the provision of technical assistance, and excludes grants and loans for military purposes.Source: OECD (2020) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available year)

United Arab Emirates 1.0 2017 • LSweden 1.0 2017 • LLuxembourg 1.0 2017 • LNorway 1.0 2017 • LDenmark 0.7 2017 • LUnited Kingdom 0.7 2017 • LGermany 0.7 2017 • LNetherlands 0.6 2017 • pLiechtenstein 0.5 2014 • •Switzerland 0.5 2017 • pBelgium 0.5 2017 • pFrance 0.4 2017 • DFinland 0.4 2017 • pIreland 0.3 2017 • pAustria 0.3 2017 • 5Italy 0.3 2017 • LIceland 0.3 2017 • DCanada 0.3 2017 • 5Australia 0.2 2017 • p

Japan 0.2 2017 • 5New Zealand 0.2 2017 • pMalta 0.2 2017 • 5Spain 0.2 2017 • DPortugal 0.2 2017 • pUnited States 0.2 2017 • pEstonia 0.2 2017 • 5Greece 0.2 2017 • 5Slovenia 0.2 2017 • 5Czech Republic 0.2 2017 • 5Korea, Rep. 0.1 2017 • 5Lithuania 0.1 2017 • 5Poland 0.1 2017 • 5Slovak Republic 0.1 2017 • 5Israel 0.1 2017 • 5Hungary 0.1 2017 • 5Latvia 0.1 2017 • 5Cyprus 0.1 2015 • •






Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP)

Government revenue measured as cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here.Source: IMF (2020) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available year)

Tanzania 13.7 2018 • 5Tajikistan 13.5 2004 • •Sri Lanka 13.3 2018 • 5India 12.9 2017 • 5Guinea-Bissau 12.7 2017 • •Afghanistan 12.2 2017 • DIndonesia 12.2 2017 • pMadagascar 11.4 2018 • 5Guatemala 11.0 2016 • pBangladesh 10.2 2016 • pThe Gambia 10.1 2009 • •Sudan 9.5 2016 • pEthiopia 9.0 2018 • p


Nigeria * 5.0 2013 • •Somalia 0.0 2018 • •Andorra NA NA • •Antigua and Barbuda* NA NA • •The Bahamas NA NA • •Bahrain NA NA • •Barbados NA NA • •Benin NA NA • •Brunei Darussalam NA NA • •Burundi NA NA • •Chad NA NA • •Chile NA NA • •Comoros NA NA • •Congo, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Croatia NA NA • •Cuba NA NA • •Djibouti NA NA • •Ecuador NA NA • •Eritrea NA NA • •Guinea NA NA • •Guyana NA NA • •Haiti NA NA • •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA NA • •Kuwait NA NA • •Libya NA NA • •Mauritania NA NA • •Monaco NA NA • •Montenegro NA NA • •Niger NA NA • •Oman * NA NA • •Palau NA NA • •Panama * NA NA • •Qatar NA NA • •San Marino NA NA • •

Saudi Arabia NA NA • •Seychelles NA NA • •Singapore NA NA • •South Sudan NA NA • •St. Kitts and Nevis NA NA • •Syrian Arab Republic NA NA • •Trinidad and Tobago NA NA • •Turkmenistan NA NA • •Tuvalu NA NA • •Uruguay NA NA • •Venezuela, RB NA NA • •Yemen, Rep. NA NA • •

Kiribati 100.5 2017 • LNauru 96.8 2017 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 44.7 2018 • LAlgeria * 40.4 2011 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina 38.9 2018 • L

Timor-Leste 38.4 2017 • LAzerbaijan 35.1 2017 • LLesotho 33.8 2017 • LSolomon Islands 33.8 2018 • LSamoa 33.1 2018 • LSerbia 32.8 2012 • •Bulgaria 32.8 2017 • LMarshall Islands 32.2 2018 • LUkraine 32.1 2018 • LNamibia 31.6 2018 • LTunisia 31.4 2012 • •South Africa 30.9 2017 • LTurkey 30.7 2018 • LVanuatu 30.3 2018 • LBelarus 29.5 2017 • LBelize 29.4 2017 • LJamaica 29.3 2017 • LCabo Verde 28.8 2017 • LRomania 28.6 2017 • pKyrgyz Republic 28.6 2018 • pMoldova 27.7 2018 • LRussian Federation 27.5 2018 • D


Ghana 27.2 2015 • •Brazil 27.2 2017 • LNorth Macedonia 26.8 2018 • DBotswana 26.8 2018 • pFiji 26.4 2018 • LDominica * 26.3 2014 • •Iraq 26.3 2016 • pMorocco 25.8 2018 • pSuriname * 25.7 2012 • •Maldives 25.7 2014 • •Tonga 25.6 2017 • LAlbania 25.6 2018 • DIran, Islamic Rep. 25.4 2009 • •Costa Rica 25.2 2018 • DEl Salvador 25.1 2017 • LMongolia 24.9 2017 • pEswatini * 24.5 2018 • pMozambique * 23.8 2018 • pHonduras 23.4 2015 • •

Congo, Rep. 23.3 2016 • pBolivia 23.3 2007 • •Jordan 23.2 2017 • pGeorgia 23.0 2018 • 5Colombia 22.9 2017 • pNepal 22.9 2017 • LMauritius 22.6 2018 • pArmenia 22.5 2018 • pUzbekistan 22.3 2018 • 5Kenya 22.0 2017 • 5Vietnam * 21.5 2013 • •St. Lucia 21.4 2017 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 21.0 2015 • •Grenada * 20.4 2014 • •Togo 20.3 2018 • 5Rwanda 20.0 2017 • DCambodia 19.9 2018 • DLebanon 19.8 2017 • pThailand 19.5 2018 • pArgentina 19.4 2017 • pSenegal 19.2 2015 • •Burkina Faso 18.9 2018 • 5Mexico 18.9 2018 • 5Bhutan 18.5 2017 • pMalawi 18.1 2018 • 5Paraguay 17.4 2017 • 5Mali 17.4 2017 • LEquatorial Guinea 17.2 2017 • pSierra Leone * 17.1 2018 • LPeru 17.0 2017 • pZimbabwe 16.9 2017 • pZambia 16.9 2017 • pNicaragua 16.8 2018 • 5Gabon 16.8 2018 • pCôte d’Ivoire 16.5 2017 • DAngola 16.4 2017 • pPhilippines 16.3 2018 • 5Malaysia 16.1 2018 • pKazakhstan 16.0 2018 • pPapua New Guinea 15.9 2018 • pMyanmar 15.8 2017 • pChina 15.8 2016 • pLiberia 15.7 2013 • •Dominican Republic 15.2 2018 • 5Cameroon 15.1 2017 • pUganda 15.0 2018 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe* 14.5 2018 • pPakistan * 14.4 2015 • •Lao PDR * 14.3 2018 • p






Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst)

The Corporate Tax Haven Score measures a jurisdiction’s potential to poach the tax base of others, as enshrined in its laws, regulations and documented administrative practices. For countries with multiple jurisdictions, the value of the worst-performing jurisdiction was retained.Source: Tax Justice Network (2019) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available year)

Oman * 0.0 2019 • •Pakistan * 0.0 2019 • •Palau * 0.0 2019 • •Papua New Guinea * 0.0 2019 • •Paraguay * 0.0 2019 • •Peru * 0.0 2019 • •Philippines * 0.0 2019 • •Russian Federation * 0.0 2019 • •Rwanda * 0.0 2019 • •Samoa * 0.0 2019 • •São Tomé and Príncipe* 0.0 2019 • •Saudi Arabia * 0.0 2019 • •Senegal * 0.0 2019 • •Serbia * 0.0 2019 • •Sierra Leone * 0.0 2019 • •Solomon Islands * 0.0 2019 • •Somalia * 0.0 2019 • •South Sudan * 0.0 2019 • •Sri Lanka * 0.0 2019 • •St. Kitts and Nevis * 0.0 2019 • •St. Lucia * 0.0 2019 • •St. Vincent and the Grenadines * 0.0 2019 • •Sudan * 0.0 2019 • •Suriname * 0.0 2019 • •Syrian Arab Republic* 0.0 2019 • •Tajikistan * 0.0 2019 • •Thailand * 0.0 2019 • •Timor-Leste * 0.0 2019 • •Togo * 0.0 2019 • •Tonga * 0.0 2019 • •Trinidad and Tobago* 0.0 2019 • •Tunisia * 0.0 2019 • •Turkey * 0.0 2019 • •Turkmenistan * 0.0 2019 • •Tuvalu * 0.0 2019 • •Uganda * 0.0 2019 • •Ukraine * 0.0 2019 • •Uruguay * 0.0 2019 • •Uzbekistan * 0.0 2019 • •Vanuatu * 0.0 2019 • •Venezuela, RB * 0.0 2019 • •Vietnam * 0.0 2019 • •Yemen, Rep. * 0.0 2019 • •Zambia * 0.0 2019 • •Zimbabwe * 0.0 2019 • •Greece 39.1 2019 • •Poland 40.4 2019 • •United States 43.2 2019 • •

Portugal 45.8 2019 • •Tanzania 46.1 2019 • •South Africa 47.1 2019 • •The Gambia 48.0 2019 • •Liberia 49.0 2019 • •Ghana 49.5 2019 • •Slovenia 49.6 2019 • •Italy 50.5 2019 • •Kenya 50.8 2019 • •Austria 51.6 2019 • •Denmark 51.7 2019 • •Germany 52.3 2019 • •Slovak Republic 53.0 2019 • •Croatia 54.5 2019 • •Spain 54.5 2019 • •Lithuania 54.8 2019 • •Finland 55.0 2019 • •Botswana 55.3 2019 • •Bulgaria 55.6 2019 • •Romania 55.6 2019 • •France 55.7 2019 • •Sweden 56.0 2019 • •China 58.3 2019 • •Czech Republic 58.9 2019 • •San Marino 61.5 2019 • •Estonia 66.5 2019 • •Monaco 67.6 2019 • •Belgium 67.8 2019 • •Seychelles 68.1 2019 • •Latvia 68.1 2019 • •Andorra 69.0 2019 • •Hungary 69.1 2019 • •Liechtenstein 69.5 2019 • •Cyprus 71.1 2019 • •Panama 71.8 2019 • •Luxembourg 72.4 2019 • •Lebanon 72.8 2019 • •Malta 73.5 2019 • •Ireland 75.7 2019 • •Netherlands 78.0 2019 • •Mauritius 79.8 2019 • •Singapore 81.4 2019 • •Switzerland 83.3 2019 • •United Arab Emirates 98.3 2019 • •The Bahamas 100.0 2019 • •United Kingdom 100.0 2019 • •Bahrain * NA NA • •Nauru * NA NA • •Qatar * NA NA • •

Afghanistan * 0.0 2019 • •Albania * 0.0 2019 • •Algeria * 0.0 2019 • •Angola * 0.0 2019 • •Antigua and Barbuda* 0.0 2019 • •Argentina * 0.0 2019 • •Armenia * 0.0 2019 • •Australia * 0.0 2019 • •Azerbaijan * 0.0 2019 • •Bangladesh * 0.0 2019 • •Barbados * 0.0 2019 • •Belarus * 0.0 2019 • •Belize * 0.0 2019 • •Benin * 0.0 2019 • •Bhutan * 0.0 2019 • •Bolivia * 0.0 2019 • •Bosnia and Herzegovina * 0.0 2019 • •Brazil * 0.0 2019 • •Brunei Darussalam * 0.0 2019 • •Burkina Faso * 0.0 2019 • •Burundi * 0.0 2019 • •Cabo Verde * 0.0 2019 • •Cambodia * 0.0 2019 • •Cameroon * 0.0 2019 • •Canada * 0.0 2019 • •Central African Republic * 0.0 2019 • •Chad * 0.0 2019 • •Chile * 0.0 2019 • •Colombia * 0.0 2019 • •Comoros * 0.0 2019 • •Congo, Dem. Rep. * 0.0 2019 • •Congo, Rep. * 0.0 2019 • •Costa Rica * 0.0 2019 • •Côte d’Ivoire * 0.0 2019 • •Cuba * 0.0 2019 • •Djibouti * 0.0 2019 • •Dominica * 0.0 2019 • •Dominican Republic * 0.0 2019 • •Ecuador * 0.0 2019 • •Egypt, Arab Rep. * 0.0 2019 • •El Salvador * 0.0 2019 • •Equatorial Guinea * 0.0 2019 • •Eritrea * 0.0 2019 • •Eswatini * 0.0 2019 • •Ethiopia * 0.0 2019 • •Fiji * 0.0 2019 • •Gabon * 0.0 2019 • •

Georgia * 0.0 2019 • •Grenada * 0.0 2019 • •Guatemala * 0.0 2019 • •Guinea * 0.0 2019 • •Guinea-Bissau * 0.0 2019 • •Guyana * 0.0 2019 • •Haiti * 0.0 2019 • •Honduras * 0.0 2019 • •Iceland * 0.0 2019 • •India * 0.0 2019 • •Indonesia * 0.0 2019 • •Iran, Islamic Rep. * 0.0 2019 • •Iraq * 0.0 2019 • •Israel * 0.0 2019 • •Jamaica * 0.0 2019 • •Japan * 0.0 2019 • •Jordan * 0.0 2019 • •Kazakhstan * 0.0 2019 • •Kiribati * 0.0 2019 • •Korea, Dem. Rep. * 0.0 2019 • •Korea, Rep. * 0.0 2019 • •Kuwait * 0.0 2019 • •Kyrgyz Republic * 0.0 2019 • •Lao PDR * 0.0 2019 • •Lesotho * 0.0 2019 • •Libya * 0.0 2019 • •Madagascar * 0.0 2019 • •Malawi * 0.0 2019 • •Malaysia * 0.0 2019 • •Maldives * 0.0 2019 • •Mali * 0.0 2019 • •Marshall Islands * 0.0 2019 • •Mauritania * 0.0 2019 • •Mexico * 0.0 2019 • •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. * 0.0 2019 • •Moldova * 0.0 2019 • •Mongolia * 0.0 2019 • •Montenegro * 0.0 2019 • •Morocco * 0.0 2019 • •Mozambique * 0.0 2019 • •Myanmar * 0.0 2019 • •Namibia * 0.0 2019 • •Nepal * 0.0 2019 • •New Zealand * 0.0 2019 • •Nicaragua * 0.0 2019 • •Niger * 0.0 2019 • •Nigeria * 0.0 2019 • •North Macedonia * 0.0 2019 • •Norway * 0.0 2019 • •







Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst)(OECD Member States)

The Index measures the contribution of each jurisdiction to financial secrecy, on a scale from 0 (best) to 100 (worst). It is calculated using qualitative data to prepare a secrecy score for each jurisdiction and quantitative data to create a global scale weighting for each jurisdiction according to its share of offshore financial services activity in the global total. For countries with multiple jurisdictions, the average score of the jurisdictions was used.Source: Tax Justice Network (2020) Year of reference: 2020 (or closest available year)

Slovenia 37.6 2020 • •Estonia 43.1 2020 • •Spain 44.0 2020 • •Norway 44.3 2020 • •Belgium 45.1 2020 • •Denmark 45.3 2020 • •Sweden 45.7 2020 • •Ireland 48.2 2020 • •France 49.9 2020 • •Australia 50.1 2020 • •Lithuania 50.3 2020 • •Italy 50.4 2020 • •Slovak Republic 50.9 2020 • •Greece 51.5 2020 • •Germany 51.7 2020 • •Finland 52.1 2020 • •Mexico 52.8 2020 • •Hungary 53.8 2020 • •

Portugal 54.0 2020 • •Czech Republic 55.4 2020 • •Luxembourg 55.5 2020 • •Poland 55.6 2020 • •Chile 55.8 2020 • •Canada 55.8 2020 • •Austria 56.5 2020 • •Iceland 57.4 2020 • •Israel 58.7 2020 • •Latvia 59.1 2020 • •Turkey 59.5 2020 • •Korea, Rep. 61.6 2020 • •Japan 62.9 2020 • •New Zealand 64.8 2020 • •United States 70.0 2020 • •United Kingdom 70.8 2020 • •Netherlands 71.8 2020 • •Switzerland 74.1 2020 • •

United States 113.7 2016 • •Germany 65.4 2016 • •France 36.0 2016 • •Italy 24.0 2016 • •Canada 15.2 2016 • •Australia 15.2 2016 • •Spain 14.7 2016 • •United Kingdom 12.8 2016 • •Japan 11.8 2016 • •Mexico 11.1 2016 • •Sweden 10.3 2016 • •Norway 6.2 2016 • •Chile 5.3 2016 • •Korea, Rep. 4.7 2016 • •Denmark 4.5 2016 • •Austria 4.3 2016 • •Poland 4.2 2016 • •Turkey 3.9 2016 • •

Hungary 3.7 2016 • •Portugal 3.3 2016 • •Finland 3.2 2016 • •Israel 2.4 2016 • •Czech Republic 2.2 2016 • •New Zealand 1.9 2016 • •Greece 1.7 2016 • •Slovenia 0.9 2016 • •Slovak Republic 0.9 2016 • •Iceland 0.5 2016 • •Estonia 0.3 2016 • •Latvia 0.3 2016 • •Belgium -15.2 2016 • •Luxembourg -50.1 2016 • •Switzerland -73.2 2016 • •Netherlands -104.6 2016 • •Ireland -117.1 2016 • •Lithuania NA NA • •

Estimation of how much profit is shifted into tax havens and how much non-haven countries lose in profits from such shifting. Based on macroeconomic data known as foreign affiliates statistics. Negative values indicate profit shifting.Source: Zucman et al. (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available year)

Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion)(OECD Member States)

Documents

SDR2020 Indicator profiles · 2020-07-15 · Cuba 1.1 2015 • p Montenegro 1.1 2015 • p Jamaica 1.1 2015 • 5 Colombia 1.1 2015 • p Portugal 1.1 2015 • 5 Maldives 1.1 2015