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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND QUALITY ASSUARANCE

QUESTION BANK

UNIT IV

1.Define black box testing strategy.

Black box testing focuses on the functional requirements of the software. Test cases are decided on thebasis of the requirements or specifications of the program and internals of program are not considered.Test cases are generated based on program code.

2.What is meant by software change?

Software change is defined as the change in nature of software as the requirement of software changes.

3. Why testing is important with respect to software?

A testing process focuses on logical internals of software ensuring that all statements have been tested andall are functional externals. While testing, we execute the entire program before it gets to the customerwith specific indent of finding and removing all errors. In order to find the highest number of errors, testmust be conducted systematically and test cases must be designed using disciplined techniques.

4. Write short notes on empirical estimation models.

Estimation model for computer software uses empirically derived formulas to predict effort as a functionof line of codes (LOC) and function points (FP). The values of LOC and FP estimated are plugged into

estimation model. The empirical data that support most estimation models are derived from a limitedsample of projects. So, results obtained from models should be used judiciously. The model must betested and compared with actual and predicted data.

5. Justify the term Software is engineered

Software is engineered not manufactured. Although some similarities exit between software developmentand hardware manufacture, the two activities are fundamentally different. Both activities are dependenton people, but the relationship between people applied and work accomplished is entirely different. Bothactivities require the construction of a Product but the approaches are different.

6. State Lehmans Fifth law.

Over the lifetime of a system, the incremental change in each release is approximately constant.


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7. Define software scope.

The first software project management activity is the determination of software scope. Scope is definedanswering the following questions.

Context: What constraints are imposed as a result of the context.

Information objectives: What data objects are required for input?

Function and performance: Are any special performance characteristics to be addressed?

8. Define process maturity.

In recent years there has been a significant emphasis on process maturity. The Software EngineeringInstitute. (SEI) has developed a comprehensive model predicated on a set of software engineeringcapabilities that should be present as organizations reach different levels of process maturity .The gradingschema determines compliance with a capability maturity model (CMM) that defines key activities

required at different levels of process maturity.

9.Distinguish between alpha testing and beta testing.

The alpha test is conducted at the developer site. The software is used in a natural setting with thedeveloper looking over the shoulder of the user and recording The beta test is conducted at one or morecustomer sites by the end user of the software. The beta test is a Live application of the software in anenvironment that problems. cannot be controlled by the developer.

10. What is software architecture.

The software architecture of a program or computing system is the structure or structures of the system,

which comprises software components, the externally visible properties of those components and therelationships among them.

11. What is meant by software change?

Once software is put into use, new requirement emerge and existing requirements change as the businessrunning that software changes parts of the software may have to be modified to correct errors that arefound in operation, improve its performance or other non functional characteristics. This entire means that,after delivery ,software system always evolve in response to demands for changes.

12. define Performance Testing.

This type of testing checks whether the system is performing properly, according to the user\'srequirements. Performance testing depends upon the Load and Stress Testing, that is internally orexternally applied to the system.

Load Testing : In this type of performance testing, the system is raised beyond the limits in orderto check the performance of the system when higher loads are applied.
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Stress Testing : In this type of performance testing, the system is tested beyond the normalexpectations or operational capacity

13.what is meat by Regression Testing?

Regression Testing: Regression testing is one of the most important types of testing, in which it checkswhether a small change in any component of the application does not affect the unchanged components.Testing is done by re-executing the previous versions of the application.

14. what is meant by Boundary value analysis?

Boundary value analysis is a software testing design technique in which tests are designed to includerepresentatives of boundary values. Values on the edge of an equivalence partition or at the smallest valueon either side of an edge. The values could be either input or output ranges of a software component.Since these boundaries are common locations for errors that result in software faults they are frequentlyexercised in test cases.

15.define White box testing .

White box testing (a.k.a. clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing, translucent boxtesting or structural testing) uses an internal perspective of the system to design test cases based oninternal structure. It requires programming skills to identify all paths through the software. The testerchooses test case inputs to exercise paths through the code and determines the appropriate outputs. Inelectrical hardware testing, every node in a circuit may be probed and measured; an example is in-circuittesting (ICT).

16. what is meant by unit testing?

unit testing is a software verification and validation method in which a programmer tests if individual

units ofsource code are fit for use. A unit is the smallest testable part of an application. In proceduralprogramming a unit may be an individual function or procedure.

17. what is the goal of unit testing?

The goal of unit testing is to isolate each part of the program and show that the individual parts arecorrect. A unit test provides a strict, written contract that the piece of code must satisfy. As a result, itaffords several benefits. Unit tests find problems early in the development cycle.

18.what is meant by Integration testing

Integration testing is the activity ofsoftware testing in which individual software modules are combined

and tested as a group. It occurs after unit testing and before system testing. Integration testing takes as itsinput modules that have been unit tested, groups them in larger aggregates, applies tests defined in anintegration test plan to those aggregates, and delivers as its output the integrated system ready for systemtesting.

19.list out the types of validation testing.

Content Validation
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Concurrent Validation Predictive Validation

20. lis tout the types of system testing.

The following examples are different types of testing that should be considered during System testing:

GUI software testing Usability testing Performance testing Compatibility testing Error handling testing Load testing Volume testing Stress testing

21.define debugging.

Debugging is a methodical process of finding and reducing the number ofbugs, or defects, in a computerprogram or a piece ofelectronic hardware thus making it behave as expected. Debugging tends to beharder when various subsystems are tightly coupled, as changes in one may cause bugs to emerge inanother.

22.define Anti-debugging.

Anti-debugging is \"the implementation of one or more techniques within computer code that hindersattempts at reverse engineering or debugging a target process\"

Part -B(16 marks)

1. (a) How to derive test cases for the given project? Explain with detail.

(b) How the RST (Reflexive, Symmetric and Transitivity) condition is verified in

black box testing? Explain with example.

2. (a) Why unit testing is so important? Explain the concept of unit testing in detail.

(b) Write a note on regression testing.

3. (a) Explain the testing procedure for boundary conditions.

(b) Describe verification and validation criteria for software.

4. (a) Describe unit testing and integration testing. How test plans are generated.

(b) Suggest software testing sequence for 100% bug free software explains.

5. (a) Why is testing important?
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(b) Narrate the path testing procedure in detail with a sample code.

6. (a) Distinguish between black box and white box testing.

(b) Explain the different integration testing approaches.

7. Explain in detail Black box testing in detail .

8. How Boundary test conditions are achieved?

9. Explain in detail Structural testing?

10. Explain in detail Software Testing Strategies.

11. Explain the test coverage criteria based on Data flow mechanisms.

12. (a) What are all the formulas for cyclomatic complexity? Calculate cyclomatic

Complexity for greatest of three numbers.

(b) Explain about system testing.

13. Explain different types of software measures .

UNIT I

1.Define a software engineering.

Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to thedevelopment, operation, and maintenance ofsoftware, and the study of these approaches; that is, theapplication ofengineering to software

2.what are all the different software engineering paradigms?

waterfall modelprototyping modelobject oriented modelspiral modelWINWIN spiral modelincremental model

evolutionary model

software project management,software testing, andsoftware engineering, Verification and Validation(V&V) is the process of checking that a software system meets specifications and that it fulfils itsintended purpose. It is normally part of thesoftware testingprocess of a project.
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4. what is meant by Independent Verification and Validation?

Verification and validation often is carried out by a separate group from the development team; in thiscase, the process is called \"Independent Verification and Validation\", orIV&V.

5. define Dynamic verification .

Dynamic verification is performed during the execution of software, and dynamically checks itsbehaviour; it is commonly known as theTestphase. Verification is a Review Process. Depending on thescope of tests, we can categorize them in three families:

Test in the small: a test that checks a single function or class (Unit test) Test in the large: a test that checks a group of classes, such as

o Module test (a single module)o Integration test(more than one module)o System test (the entire system)

Acceptance test: a formal test defined to check acceptance criteria for a softwareo Functional testo Non functional test (performance,stress test)

6. define Static verification .

Static verification is the process of checking that software meets requirements by doing a physicalinspection of it. For example:

Code conventionsverification Bad practices detection Software metricscalculation Formal verification

7. define a software life cycle.

The software life cycle is a general model of the software development process, including all the activitiesand work products required to develop a software system. A software life cycle model is a particularabstraction representing a software life cycle. Such a model may be:

activity-centered -- focusing on the activities of software development entity-centered -- focusing on the work products created by these activities

8. define a Waterfall Model.

Thewaterfall modelprescribes a sequential execution of a set of development and managementprocesses, with no return to an earlier activity once it is completed. Some variants of the waterfall modelallow revisiting the immediately preceding activity (\"feedback loops\") if inconsistencies or newproblems are encountered during the current activity.
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9.what is meant by RAD?

Rapid application development (RAD) is an approach rather than a model. Its proponents view formal lifecycle models as inherently inefficient, due to the large amount of documentation and the number ofreviews required. The formality of such models is seen as interfering with customerCommunication.Instead, RAD focuses on developing a sequence of evolutionary prototypes which are

reviewed with the customer, both to ensure that the system is developing toward the user\'s requirementsand to discover further requirements.

10.define a system engineering concept.

Systems engineering (also known as Systems design engineering) is aninterdisciplinaryfield ofengineeringthat focuses on how complex engineering projects should be designed and managed. Issuessuch aslogistics, the coordination of different teams, and automatic control of machinery become moredifficult when dealing with large, complex projects. Systems engineering deals with work-processes andtools to handle such projects, and it overlaps with both technical and human-centered disciplines such ascontrol engineeringandproject management.

11.what is computer based system?

A System is a collection of interrelated componets that work together to achieve some objective.systemsand their environment. Two reasons why system engineers must understand the environment of a system :

(1) The reason for the existence of a system is to make some changes in its environment.

(2) The functioning of a system can be very difficult to predict.

12.define BPE.

The BPR involves significant organisational change and that managing the change process must thereforebe critical to the success of such undertakings with all its major ramifications. In particular the role oforganisational culture within the change process is explored. These explorations are initially conductedusing a search of the literature and this is followed by a small primary research exercise into a particularhypothesis and issue arising.

13.what is meant by BPR? Structures StaffSkillsStrategyStyleShared Values

Reengineering is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achievedramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service,and speed.

14.what are all the 7s models that can impact on the organization?

System Structures StaffSkills Strategy Style Shared Values
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15. what are all the Problems that can arise during system installation?

(1) Proposed changes have to be analysed very carefully both from a business and a technicalperspective.

(2) Because sub-systems are never independent, changes to one sub-system may adversely affect theperformance of another sub-system.

(3) The reasons for original design decisions are often unrecorded.

(4) As systems age, their structure typically becomes corrupted by change so the costs of additionalchanges increase.

16.define a V-Model

Another variant of the waterfall model -- the V-model -- associates each development activity with a testor validation at the same level of abstraction. Each development activity builds a more detailed model of

the system than the one before it, and each validation tests a higher abstraction than its predecessor

17.what is meant by Project Management

The project manager initiates, monitors and controls the project throughout the software life cycle.Theproject management plan is documented in the Software Project Management Plan (SPMP) during theProject Initiation process, and the plan is updated to reflect changes throughout the project.

18.what is meant by product engineering?

In the final phase a product X is being engineered. This product X uses the commonalities and variabilityfrom the Domain Engineering phase, so product X is being derived from the platform established in the

Domain Engineering phase. It basically takes all common requirements and similarities from thepreceding phase plus its own variable requirements. Using the base from the Domain Engineering phaseand the individual requirements of the Product Engineering phase a complete and new product can bebuilt. After that the product has been fully tested and approved, the product X can be delivered.

19. define aTest product

During this step the product is verified and validated against its specifications. A test report givesinformation about all tests that were carried out, this gives an overview of possible errors in the product.If the product in the next step is not accepted, theprocess will loop back to Build Product,

20.what is meant by Deliver and Support of Product

The final step is the acceptance of the final product. If it has been successfully tested and approved to becomplete, it can be delivered. If the product does not satisfy to the specifications, it has to be rebuilt andtested again.The next figure shows the overall process of product family/line engineering as describedabove. It is a full process overview with all concepts attached to the different steps.


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UNIT I- PART-B (16 MARKS)

1. Explain the linear software life cycle model with suitable illustration.Bring out the demerits of thismodel.

2. (a) How do you differentiate software engineering from system engineering?

(b) For each of the types of process models, identify the types of project suitable to

Implement.

(c) Distinguish between verification and validation process.

3. (a) What is meant by generic view of software engineering? Brief it.

(b) Explain the process model, which is useful when staffing, is unavailable for Completeimplementation.

4. (a) what is the difference between system and computer based system?

(b)What is prototyping? Mention its types. Also explain this model with advantages and disadvantages.

5. Define Software process model? Explain any one of it with a neat diagram

6. Explain the hierarchy of Business process Engineering.

7. Explain Software Life cycle process

8. Explain Evolutionary process model

9. Explain the different layers of Software Engineering?

10. (a) Describe the process model which defines a network of activities?

(b) Why the first systems throw away system? Explain the concept with advantages anddisadvantages.

11.(a) Draw a system engineering hierarchy diagram and explain the concept?

(b) Explain the process model that combines the elements of waterfall and iterative fashion.


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UNIT III

1.define a system engineering.

Systems engineering (also known as Systems design engineering) is an interdisciplinary field ofengineering that focuses on how complex engineering projects should be designed and managed. Issuessuch as logistics, the coordination of different teams, and automatic control of machinery become moredifficult when dealing with large, complex projects. Systems engineering deals with work-processes andtools to handle such projects, and it overlaps with both technical and human-centered disciplines such ascontrol engineering and project management.

2. What is the use of Architectural design?

Architecture is both the process and the product of designing and constructing spaces that reflect andfunctional, aesthetic and environmental considerations. Architecture requires the use of materials,technology, textures, light, and shadow. As a process, architecture also includes the pragmatic elements ofdesign, such as planning, cost and construction. A wider definition may comprise all design activity fromthe macro-level (urban design, landscape architecture) to the micro-level (construction details andfurniture). In fact, architecture today may refer to the activity of designing any kind of system.

2. Define Software design.

Software design is a process of problem-solving and planning for a software solution. After the purposeand specifications of software are determined, software developers will design or employ designers todevelop a plan for a solution. It includes low-level component and algorithm implementation issues aswell as the architectural view.

3. Mention some of the Design concepts.

1.Abstraction - Abstraction is the process or result of generalization by reducing the informationcontent of a concept or an observable phenomenon, typically in order to retain only informationwhich is relevant for a particular purpose.

2.Refinement - It is the process of elaboration. A hierarchy is developed by decomposing amacroscopic statement of function in a stepwise fashion until programming language statementsare reached. In each step, one or several instructions of a given program are decomposed intomore detailed instructions. Abstraction and Refinement are complementary concepts.

3.Modularity - Software architecture is divided into components called modules. 4.Software Architecture - It refers to the overall structure of the software and the ways in which

that structure provides conceptual integrity for a system. A software architecture is thedevelopment work product that gives the highest return on investment with respect to quality,schedule and cost.

5.Control Hierarchy - A program structure that represent the organization of a programcomponents and implies a hierarchy of control. 6.Structural Partitioning - The program structure can be divided both horizontally and vertically.

Horizontal partitions define separate branches of modular hierarchy for each major programfunction. Vertical partitioning suggests that control and work should be distributed top down inthe program structure.

7.Data Structure - It is a representation of the logical relationship among individual elements ofdata.

8.Software Procedure - It focuses on the processing of each modules individually


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9.Information Hiding - Modules should be specified and designed so that information containedwithin a module is inaccessible to other modules that have no need for such information.

4. State Procedural abstraction.

procedural abstraction The principle that any operation that achieves a well-defined effect can betreated by its users as a single entity, despite the fact that the operation may actually be achieved by somesequence of lower-level operations (see also abstraction). Procedural abstraction has been extensivelyemployed since the early days of computing, and virtually all programming languages provide support forthe concept (e.g. the SUBROUTINE of Fortran, theprocedure of Algol, Pascal, Ada, etc.).

5. What does Data abstraction contains?

Data abstraction enforces a clear separation between the abstractproperties of a data type and theconcrete details of its implementation. The abstract properties are those that are visible to client code thatmakes use of the data typethe interface to the data typewhile the concrete implementation is keptentirely private, and indeed can change, for example to incorporate efficiency improvements over time.The idea is that such changes are not supposed to have any impact on client code, since they involve nodifference in the abstract behaviour

6. What does Modularity concept mean?

In systems engineering, modular designor \"modularity in design\"is an approach that subdividesa system into smaller parts (modules) that can be independently created and then used in different systemsto drive multiple functionalities. Besides reduction in cost (due to lesser customization, and less learningtime), and flexibility in design, modularity offers other benefits such as augmentation (adding newsolution by merely plugging in a new module), and exclusion.

7.what is meant by heuristic evaluation?

The main goal of heuristic evaluations is to identify any problems associated with the design of userinterfaces. Usability consultant Jakob Nielsen developed this method on the basis of several years ofexperience in teaching and consulting about usability engineering.

Heuristic evaluations are one of the most informal methods[1] of usability inspection in the field ofhuman-computer interaction. There are many sets of usability design heuristics; they are not mutuallyexclusive and cover many of the same aspects of interface design.

8.define CASE.

Computer-Aided Software Engineering(CASE), in the field of Software Engineering is the scientific

application of a set of tools and methods to a software system which is meant to result in high-quality,defect-free, and maintainable software products.[1] It also refers to methods for the development ofinformation systems together with automated tools that can be used in the software development process.

9.list out the various systems analysis and design techniques.

data flow diagram entity relationship diagram


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logical schema Program specification SSADM. User documentation

10. define a User interface design.

User interface design or user interface engineering is the design of computers, appliances, machines,mobile communication devices, software applications, and websites with the focus on the user\'sexperience and interaction. The goal of user interface design is to make the user\'s interaction as simpleand efficient as possible, in terms of accomplishing user goalswhat is often called user-centered design.Good user interface design facilitates finishing the task at hand without drawing unnecessary attention toitself.

11.what are all the processes available in User interface design?

Functionality requirements gathering User analysis Information architecture Prototyping Usability testing Graphic Interface design

12.list out the steps involved in real time software design.

Designing Realtime software involves several steps. The basic steps are listed below:

Software Architecture Definition Co-Design

Defining Software Subsystems Feature Design Task Design

13. define a Software Architecture Definition.

This is the first stage of Realtime Software design. Here the software team understands the system that isbeing designed. The team also reviews at the proposed hardware architecture and develops a very basicsoftware architecture. This architecture definition will be further refined in Co-Design.

Use Cases are also used in this stage to analyze the system. Use cases are used to understand theinteractions between the system and its users. For example, use cases for a telephone exchange would

specify the interactions between the telephone exchange, its subscribers and the operators which maintainthe exchange.

14.define task design.

Designing a task requires that all the interfaces that the task needs to support should be very well defined.Make sure all the message parameters and timer values have been finalized.


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15.list out the types of task.

Single State Machine Multiple State Machines Multiple Tasks Complex Task

16. define Systems design.

Systems design is the process or art of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, anddata for a system to satisfy specified requirements. One could see it as the application of systems theoryto product development. There is some overlap with the disciplines of systems analysis, systemsarchitecture and systems engineering

17.what are all the Alternative design methodologies?

Rapid Action Development (RAD)

Joint Action Development (JAD)

18.define JAD.

JAD is a methodology which evolved from RAD, in which a systems designer consults with a groupconsisting of the following parties:

Executive sponsor Systems Designer Managers of the system

JAD involves a number of stages, in which the group collectively develop an agreed pattern for the design

and implementation of the system.

19. what is meant by data acquisition?

data acquisition is the sampling of real world physical conditions and conversion of the resultingsamples into digital numeric values that can be manipulated by a computer. Sometimes abbreviated DAQ,data acquisition typically involves the conversion of analog signals and waveforms into digital values andprocessing the values to obtain desired information.

20. list out the components of data acquisition.

The components of data acquisition systems include:

Sensors that convert physical parameters to electrical signals. Signal conditioning circuitry to coerce sensor signals into a form that can be converted to digital

values. Analog-to-digital converters, which convert conditioned sensor signals to digital values.


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21. define a project monitoring and control

The purpose of project monitoring and control is to keep the team and management up to date on theproject\'s progress. If the project deviates from the plan, then the project manager can take action tocorrect the problem. Project monitoring and control involves status meetings to gather status from theteam. When changes need to be made, change control is used to keep the products up to date.

UNIT III Part b-(16marks)

1. (a) Which is a measure of interconnection among modules in a program structure?Explain.

(b) What is he difference between Level-0 and Level-1 DFD? draw a Level-0 and Level-1 DFD forsafe Home Security System.

2. (a) How the interrupts are handled in real time systems? Explain.

(b) How to identify the objects in the software configuration? Explain in detail.

3. What are the different types of architectural styles exist for software and explain any one softwarearchitecture in detail.

4. (a) Describe activities of SCM in detail.

(b) Explain the user interfaces design activities.

5. (a) Explain data, architectural and procedural design for a software explain. One software architecturein detail.

(b) Describe the design procedure for a data acquisition system. one software architecture in detail.

6. Discuss briefly Effective Modular Design.

7. Explain Real Time Systems.

8. What is Software Architecture? Explain it.

9. (a) Draw a translating diagram for analysis model into a software design specification.

(b) Given complete template for documentation design specification.

10. (a) How the interrupts are handled in real time systems? Explain.

(b) Write a note on real time software design.


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UNIT V

1. What is RMM plan?

The risk mitigation, monitoring, and management plan documents all work performed as part of riskanalysis and is used by the project manager as part of the overall project plan. Once the RMMM has beendocumented and the project has begun risk mitigation and monitoring steps commence.

2. What are the qualities team leaders should posses?

Motivation, organization, ideas and innovation, problem solving, managerial identity,achievement, andinfluence and team building.

3. What is an agile team?

Agile software development encourages customer satisfaction and early incremental delivery. Agile teamIs a highly motivated project team which adopts informal methods,and overall development simplicity.

4. What are the categories of activities connected with measurement process?

Formulation, Collection, Analysis, Interpretation and feedback.

5. What are the different measurable characteristics of an OO design?

Size, complexity, coupling, sufficiency, completeness, cohesion, primitiveness,similarity, volatility.

6. What are the measures of software quality?

Correctness, maintainability, integrity usability.

7. What is metrics evaluation?

Metrics evaluation focuses on the underlying reasons for the results obtained and

produces a set of indicators that guide the project or process.

8. What is software quality assurance?

Software quality assurance is a planned and systematic pattern of actions that are required to ensure highquality in software.

9. What is SQA group?

SQA group consists of many different constituencies like software engineers, project managers,customers, salespeople and the individuals which are having software quality assurance responsibility.

10. What are the activities associated with SQA group?


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Planning, oversight, record keeping, analysis and reporting.

11. What are the different SCM features?

Versioning, dependency tracking and change management, requirements tracing, configurationmanagement, audit trails.

12. What are reactive risk strategies?

Reactive strategy the software team does nothing about risks until something goes wrong.

13. What are the characteristics of software risks?

Uncertainty and loss

14. What is software availability?

Software availability is the probability that a program is operating according to requirements at a givenpoint in time.

15. What are the management responsibilities regarding ISO 9001 requirements?

Management commitment, Customer focus, Quality policy, Planning, Responsibility,Authority,Communication, and Management review.

16. Define SPICE.

SPICE (Software Process Improvement and Capability dEvelopement) standard defines a set ofrequirements for software process assessment. The intent of the standard is to assist organizations in

developing an objective evaluation of the efficacy of any defined software process.

17. What is MALCOLM BALDRGE award?

MALCOLM BALDRIGE award is the most prestigious quality award in the United States. The award isgiven annually to recognize U.S companies that exceed in quality management and quality achievement.

18. What are the ISO 9000 series of quality management standards?

ISO 9000, ISO9001, ISO9002, ISO9003, ISO9003, ISO9004

19. Define CMM.

The capability maturity model (CMM) for s/w is a widely accepted set of guidelines for developing highperformance s/w organizations.

20. What are the capability levels defined in SPICE?

Level0: Not performed, 1: Performed informally, 2: Planned and tracked, 3: Well defined, 4:Quantitatively controlled, 5: Continuously improving.


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21. What are the four ps focused on effective software project management?

1. People, 2. Product, 3. Process, 4. Project22. Define software configuration management.

SCM is a set of activities that have been developed to manage change throughout

the life cycle of computer software.

23. What is quality planning?

Quality planning refers to the activities that establish the objectives and requirements

for quality.

24. What is quality improvement?

QM aims at attaining unprecedented levels of performance which are significantly

better than the past level.

25. What is quality management?

Quality management comprises all activities of the overall management function that

determine the quality policy, objectives and responsibilities, and implement them by

means such as other quality planning, quality control, etc.

26. What are the benefits of QFD?

1. Reduces product development time

2. Reduce engineering costs

3. Reduces the time to market.

4. Improves design quality

5. Improves customer satisfaction.

6. Reduce quality costs. etc.

27. What are the different dimensions of quality?


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Performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, serviceability, aesthetics,

perceived quality and reputation, response.

28.Define quality.

Quality is the degree of goodness of a product or service or perceived by the customer.

Quality concept is the way business organizations perform their business activities that

focuses on two things.

29. What is quality cost?

The expenditure incurred by the producer, by the user and by the community associated

with the product and service quality.

30. What are the 7 QC tools?

1. Check sheet

2. Graphs

3. Histograms

4. Pareto charts

5. Cause and effect diagrams

6. Scatter charts

7. Control charts

16MARKS PART B

1. Explain Quality Function Deployment in detail.

2. Describe in detail the standardization procedure of benchmarking.

3. Explain how software quality assurance is ensured in a software firm.

4. Explain the seven basic quality control tools in detail.

5. Explain software project management in detail.

6. Explain how software quality assurance is ensured in a software firm


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7. What are the different software testing tactics? Explain.

8. Write detail notes on risk management.

9. Write detail notes on ISO9000 series of quality management standards.

10. Account on CMM in detail.

11. Give a detail note on SPICE in detail.

12. Write detailed notes on Malcolm Baldrige award.

13. Explain how software process assessment helps software organizations to improve

themselves.

14. Explain the testing phase of software development in detail.

15. Give detailed description about software process assessment.

16. Explain software inspections in detail.

17. Explain OO methodology in detail.

18. Write detailed notes on the techniques for error cause analysis and defect prevention.

19. Account on clean-room software engineering.

20. Write notes on TSP and PSP.

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