Prominence to percussion instruments Players asked to play
maracas All 5 players play maracas at end String players make
percussive style sound Left hand pizzicato Snap pizzicato where
string slaps quickly back against fingerboard Col legno strings
played with wood of bow Sul ponticello above bridge and sul tasto
bowing on fingerboard Cello strummed like a guitar Clusters played
on piano Strings play harmonics Harmonics played on cymbal Cymbal
arco played with bow Double stopping play two or more notes at same
time.
Slide 6
Atonal Some sections have a tonal centred on open notes of
strings C, G, D, A Section 5 Eb unusual tonality Loosely rondo form
3 different musical ideas 3 note cell G,A,C Rhythms associated with
Dance Macabre Quotation from Dies Irae
Slide 7
SectionBarCompositional MaterialTonal Centre Introduction13
note cellG A117Inversion of main melodyG 27Main melody and
inversionG B46Danse Macabre (Totentanz)Atonal A274Main MelodyD
C92Dies IraeAtonal A3128Main MelodyEb Coda141Danse Macabre and Dies
IraeC-A
A1FeaturesTonal Centre Divided into 2 partsInversionG Based on
3 note cellHarmonics on strings 8ba (octave lower) Tremolo Violin
Arco Cymbal Col legno battuto (back of bow) Subtraction
Principal
Slide 10
A1FeaturesTonal Centre Divided into 2 partsSubtraction
PrincipalG Based on 3 note cell15ma (up double octave) LH pizzicato
Violin main melody with cello inversion
Slide 11
Totentanz (46-73)FeaturesTonalty Tempo ChangesAtonal Strumming
violin like guitar Sustaining Pedal Sul tasto play on fingerboard
Subtraction Principal
Slide 12
A2FeaturesTonalty Bars 74-913/2 time for string players And 6/4
for remaining instruments Tonal Centre D Subtraction Principal
Tremolo on strings Rainstick Tremolo Flute
Slide 13
Dies IraeFeaturesTonalty Bars 92-127Canon at a bar distance
between marimba and violin Atonal 20 bars of canon with percussion
instruments Inversion and retrograde Pizzicato LH
Slide 14
Dies IraeFeaturesTonalty Bars 128-140Addition Principle on
pianoEb Tonal Centre Subtraction Principle on flute 3 note cell on
marimba Totentanz rhythm from b134
Slide 15
CodaFeaturesTonalty Bars 141-174Introduces familiar materialC-A
C chord formed by strings Piano chords derived from 3 notes cell
Strumming violin Glissando Strings Tremolo on piano
Slide 16
Inversion turn upside down Subtraction principle begin with 6
notes, then repeat leaving one out to 5 then 4, 3, 2,1 Addition
adding notes Augmentation to make note values longer Diminution
shorten the values of notes Canon a melody imitated by one or more
parts Retrograde melody played backwards
Slide 17
Unusual time signatures 7/4, 5/4, 8/8, 10/8 Changing time
signatures Rhythms associated with Danse Macabre Tempo Changes
between 80 and 120 bpm Cross rhythms b163 and b166-167 Complex
rhythmic patterns b76-84 Rhythmic counterpoint between maracas b70-
72