Searching for planets sculpting “Holey Debris Disks” with the NIRC2/Vortex in L’-band

Tiffany Meshkat JPL/Caltech Postdoc

Gautam Vasisht, Dimitri Mawet

Vortex Workshop 2016

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

10

1

0.1

0.01

10-3

Separation [Astronomical Units (AU)]

Plan

et M

ass

[Jup

iter M

ass]

exoplanets.org | 5/18/20152016

Transits Radial Velocity Microlensing Direct Imaging

exoplanets.org

•  Inner working angle and contrast limits

•  Image processing techniques

•  Targets

What are the limitations on imaging outer solar system analogues?

Searching for planets in “Holey Debris Disks”

cold outer belt

HR 8799

warm inner belt!

e d

c b

Meshkat et al. 2015

HR8799

Two planets found out of only fifteen targets

Rameau et al. 2013

HD 95086 b

JClio KS, Clio L!Clio

E 1"

N

H2, NICIL!Clio

−10 −5 0 5 10

−5

0

5

606WACS

0 2 4 6

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3

7.5

8

8.5

9

9.5

10

10.5

separation [arcsec]

L! 5σ

con

trast

[mag

]

−0.100.10.20.30.4

−0.1

−0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

δ Relative RA [arcsec]

δ R

elat

ive

Dec

[arc

sec]

2013−04−04(if bkgd)

2011−03−21(if bkgd)

2004−12−01(reference

position)

2011−03−21(bkgd sources)

2011−03−21(HD 106906 b)

2013−04−04(HD 106906 b)

HD 106906 b

Bailey, Meshkat et al. 2014

L’NACO

JClio KS, Clio L!Clio

E 1"

N

H2, NICIL!Clio

−10 −5 0 5 10

−5

0

5

606WACS

0 2 4 6

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3

7.5

8

8.5

9

9.5

10

10.5

separation [arcsec]

L! 5σ

con

trast

[mag

]

−0.100.10.20.30.4

−0.1

−0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

δ Relative RA [arcsec]

δ R

elat

ive

Dec

[arc

sec]

2013−04−04(if bkgd)

2011−03−21(if bkgd)

2004−12−01(reference

position)

2011−03−21(bkgd sources)

2011−03−21(HD 106906 b)

2013−04−04(HD 106906 b)

HD 95086 b HD 106906 b

Beta Pic b

GJ 504 b Fomalhaut b

HR 8799 bcde

51 Eri b HD 131399 b

2M1207 b

25 Northern hemisphere Herschel resolved targets with Keck/NIRC2 vortex

0.1 1 2 3Angular Separation (arcsec)

0

20

40

60

80

Dis

tanc

e(p

c)

HR 8799

HD 95086

Inne

rW

orki

ngA

ngle

Cold outer belts

Search region for each target

NIRC2/Vortex L’ Contrast

HD 95086 b HR 8799 b HR 8799 c

HR 8799 d

HR 8799 e

Mass limits

1 background source

Interesting point sources?

Target #1 RDI

Target #2 RDI

Target #1 LLSG

0.5”

~12 AU

~11 AU

Target #2 LLSG

Target#1 Target#1

Target#2 Target#2

Ongoing work

•  Observing remaining targets (2 more nights in January)

•  Reduce all data with VIP

•  Analyze point sources with follow-up data