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©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 1
Second and Delaware, Kansas City, MO
Reference: Shell‐Study (till 2005), Scenario with high efficiency and regenerative usage of energy
FUTURE WORLDWIDE TRANSITION
©2017 Passive House Institute US | 2
0
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1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050 2070 2090
energy-efficiencynew geo-/ozean. powersolarwindpowerwaterpowernew biomasstrad. Biomassnucleargasoilcoal
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PHIUS+ PROJECTS NATIONWIDE 70+ MULTIFAMILY SUBMITTED, PRE-CERTIFIED, CERTIFIED
SITE EUIs OF 10-25 kBTU/ft².yr~ 2 0 - 5 0 % b e t t e r t h a n D O E ’s Z e r o E n e r g y H o m e P r o g r a m
©2017 Passive House Institute US | 4
~350+ PROJECTS IN NORTH AMERICA
PASSIVE HOUSE US DATABASE
PHIUS CERTIFIED PROJECTS5© 2017 PHIUS
Source: ww
w.phius.org
NY STATE AND CITY SQFTOCTOBER 2016 PHIUS+ PROJECTS
410,000 SQ FT TOTAL DOCUMENTED SUBMISSIONS6© 2017 PHIUS
PHI AND PHIUS+ TRENDS IN NA: CERTIFICATIONS BY END OF 2016
7© 2017 PHIUS
PHIUS+ TRENDS FOR 2017
95% of total certified and pre-certified passive building construction (SQFT) in NA
8© 2017 PHIUS
Source: www.phius.org
DESIGN &VERIFICATION TOOLS, STANDARDS,
MODELING PROTOCOLS
WHOLE BUILDING ENERGY BALANCE
10© 2017 PHIUS
PHPPWUFI® Passive
WUFI® Plus
Demands, Peaks, Site & Primary EnergyAnnual Demand [kBTU/yr.ft2]: Space conditioning energy consumed over the course of the year, delivered by the equipment to the space.
Peak Load [BTU/hr.ft2]: Space conditioning requirement during the peak climate conditions (average over the worst 24 hours). Determines the size of the mechanical system.
Site Energy [kWh/person.yr] OR [kBTU/yr.ft2]: Total energy consumed over the course of the year, including space conditioning, hot water, plug loads, lighting, appliances, systems, etc. (Excludes electrical vehicle charging energy, and ligthing energy specific to vehicle parking areas)*No requirement for PHIUS+ Certification
Source (Primary) Energy [kWh/person.yr] OR [kBTU/yr.ft2]: Site energy as described above, multiplied by the source/primary energy factor for the specific fuel type used. Ex: Electricity has a PE factor of 3.16 kWh/kWh (generation at the source vs use on site)
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TERMINOLOGY
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 11
EUROPEAN PASSIVHAUS CRITERIA
©2017 Passive House Institute US | 12
(+ allowancefor latent)or
PHIUS+2015:CLIMATE SPECIFIC DESIGN
©2017 Passive House Institute US | 13
Graph Courtesy of Global Buildings Performance Network
©2017 Passive House Institute US | 14
PHIUS+ 2015 PASSIVE BUILDING CRITERIA
AND
PHIUS+ 2015 COMMERCIAL PASSIVE BUILDING CRITERIA –SAME EXCEPT SOURCE ENERGY CRITERION: CHANGE TO PER
AREA+PROCESS LOAD SPECIFIC CRITERION IF APPLICABLE
©2017 Passive House Institute US | 15
38
AND
Developed by US Industry
Climate Specific & Cost Optimal Standards
NREL BEopt optimizes upgrade package by climate
Standards defined as cost optimal/competitivesweetspot between conservation and generation
on the path to zero16
METHODOLOGY
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 16
NEW STANDARDS IDENTIFY US ECONOMIC OPTIMUM TAKING PV COST INTO ACCOUNT
PHI target 10 W/m²
PHI target 15 kWh/m2·yr
17© 2017 PHIUShttp://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy15osti/64278.pdf15 kWh/m2·yr
©2017 Passive House Institute US | 18
EXAMPLE DASHBOARD CALCULATOR
PASSIVE STANDARDS IN VARYING CLIMATES
CLIMATE SPECIFIC METRICS
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 19
Annual Demand, Peak, Source & Air-tightnessPHIUS+2015 – requires US industry standards (DOE ZERH, ES, Indoor AIR Plus)• Climate specific annual demand targets for all space conditioning
• Targets cost-optimized by location
• Mandatory peak load targets to assure thermal performance & resilience
• Source energy target per person for residential, square foot for commercial based on US conversion factors
• Air-tightness measured relative to opaque envelope area
• Standard applied to all building types including retrofits with an additional allowance for existing thermal bridging
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA DIFFERENCES
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 20
PHI CERTIFICATION – does not require US industry standards• One annual demand target for space conditioning for all climates with an additional allowance for dehumidification based on climate
• Targets not cost-optimized by location
• No mandatory climate specific peak load target to assure thermal comfort
• Source energy target per square foot for residential and commercial & PER based on German conversion factors
• Air-tightness measured relative to building volume
• Standard applied to residential and commercial, separate & less stringent standard for retrofit projects
DOE PERFORMANCE STAIRCASE
21©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
COOPERATION WITH ZERH YIELDS HERSSource: http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/04/f30/G
reen%20Future_Presentation_2016.pdf
22©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
Internal Gains, TFA and iCFA, Occupancy & MELsPHIUS+2015 –
• 80% of RESNET internal gain assumptions
• Interior conditioned floor area (iCFA) energy reference area –EUIs are not directly comparable!
• Occupancy calculated bedrooms +1
• Different MEL and lighting assumptions
• Source EUI – based on US conversion factors – not directly comparable!
23
CERTIFICATION PROTOCOL DIFFERENCES
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 23
PHI –
• Unrealistically low internal gain default assumptions
• Treated Floor Area (TFA) energy reference area – EUIs are not directly comparable!
• Occupancy assumption by fixed square foot per person
• Different MEL and lighting assumptions
• Source EUI – based on German conversion factors – not directly comparable!
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Site Energy: Monitored vs Modeled
Monitored (Electricity + Gas) kWh Modeled - ASHRAE 90.1 -2010
Modeled - PHIUS+ 2015 Modeled - PHI Standard
Mon
thly
(kW
h)
Orchards at Orenco I
32.2
23.3 23.9
16.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
kBtu/sf.yr
Site Energy: Monitored vs Adjusted Models
Modeled - ASHRAE 90.1 -2010 Monitored (Electricity + Gas) kWh
Modeled - PHIUS+ 2015 Modeled - PHI Standard
Site Ene
rgy Co
mpa
rison
Orchards at Orenco I
BASIC PASSIVE BUILDING PRINCIPLES
PASSIVE BUILDING PRINCIPLES
27© 2017 PHIUS
Single Family Home Specs:R-50 WALLSR-90 ROOFR-50 SLABR-8 WINDOWS
Large Multifamily Specs:R-32 WALLSR-50 ROOFR-20 SLABR-5 WINDOWS
MULTIFAMILY HAS BETTER SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO THAN SMALLER STRUCTURES
©2017 Passive House Institute US | 28
PH THERMAL COMFORT RANGE
29
Interior comfort conditions winter 68 º F, summer 77 º F, RH 40‐60%Source: ASHRAE Standard 55-2010 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy
©2017 PHIUS
CONTINUOUS INSULATIONINSULATED CONCRETE FORMS
©2017 Passive House Institute US | 30
31©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
THERMAL BREAKS
MINIMIZE POINT TB LOSS
STRUCTURAL THERMAL BRIDGING CAUSED BY CLADDING SYSTEMS ATTACHMENT – RED SPACER
BEHIND STAND-OFF=THERMAL BREAK©2017 Passive House Institute US | 32
Photo courtesy Jesse Thompson Illustrations by RDH, Shawn Colin, NAPHC 2014
Photo: Jesse Thompson
UPTOWN LOFTS STRUCTURAL THERMAL BRIDGE ISSUE: SEPARATION TO UNCONDITIONED PARKING DECK
©2017 Passive House Institute US | 33
34©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
AIR-TIGHTNESS BENEFITS
Energy benefits:Minimizes energy losses in conjunction with ventilationMinimizes latent loads in conjunction with ventilation
Hygrothermal benefits:Minimizes moisture traveling into the wall through infiltration or exfiltrationMinimizes condensation risk in componentsIncreases durability of assemblies
EXTERIOR AIR BARRIERSEASE OF CONTINUOUS APPLICATION:
SPRAY-APPLIED FOR MF PROJECTS
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 35
Source: www.prosoco.com/r-guard
IMPROVING WINDOW PERFORMANCEMINIMIZES HEAT LOSS/GAIN, ASSURES THERMAL
COMFORT,ELIMINATES CONDENSATION
CPHC Training ©2017 Passive House Institute US | 36
HIGH PERFORMANCE WINDOWS FOR BETTER COMFORT
DIALING IN WINDOW PERFORMANCE BY CLIMATE
37©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
38©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
BALANCED VENTILATIONHEAT RECOVERY & SPACE CONDITIONING
Sou
rce:
201
4 N
AP
HC
Pro
ceed
ings
, Orc
hard
s at
Ore
nco
39© 2017 PHIUS
CENTRALIZED VENTILATIONW/INTEGRATED SPACE CONDITIONING
40©2016 Passive House Institute US | 40© 2017 PHIUS
DECENTRALIZED SOLUTION
SEMIDECENTRALIZEDMost common solution - Individual ventilator in each unit
Better controls, more accurate ventilation air delivery Solution for local codes where exhaust can not be drawn from all apartments and go through a common air to air heat exchanger
Space conditioning via central VRF systemSeparate supply ducts from ventilation air due to different air velocities during space conditioning
41© 2017 PHIUS
Client to provide images
COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF UNITS TO CONTROL STACK EFFECT
IDEALLY ONE VENTILATOR PER UNIT FOR INDIVIDUAL CONTROL
©2017 Passive House Institute US | 42
WUFI PASSIVE VERIFICATION
Second & Delaware – CPHC Prudence Ferreira – PHIUS+ 2015 project
43©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
CPHC Training ©2015 Passive House Institute US | Module 8 | 44
INCENTIVES, LEGISLATION, FINANCIAL
TOOLS
LEGISLATION & INCENTIVES
45© 2017 PHIUS
780 CMR: STATE BOARD OF BUILDING REGULATIONS & STANDARDS
N1106.1.1 (R406.1.1) Approved Alternative Energy Performance Methods. The following rating threshold criteria are sufficient to demonstrate energy code compliance under section N1106 without calculation of a standard reference design. The mandatory provisions of subsection N1106.2 also apply:
1. ENERGY STAR Homes 3.1 path.
2. Passive House Institute US (PHIUS) Approved Software. PHIUS+ 2015: Passive Building Standard - North America, or another approved software by PHIUS, where Specific Space Heat Demand, as modeled by a Certified Passive House Consultant, is less than or equal to 10 kBTU/ft²/year. Compliance with this section requires that the criteria of C402.4, C403.2, C404, and C405 are met.
46
MASSACHUSETTS
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 46
780 CMR: STATE BOARD OF BUILDING REGULATIONS & STANDARDS
C407.6.1.1 Approved Alternative Energy Performance Methods. The requirements of this section are approved performance methods to demonstrate compliance with Section C407 without calculation of a standard reference design:
1. RESNET Approved Software for Home Energy Rating System (HERS).
2. Passive House Institute US (PHIUS) Approved Software. PHIUS+ 2015: Passive Building Standard - North America, or another approved software by PHIUS, where Specific Space Heat Demand, as modeled by a Certified Passive House Consultant, is less than or equal to 10 kBTU/ft²/year. Compliance with this section requires that the criteria of C402.4, C403.2, C404, and C405 are met.
47
MASSACHUSETTS
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 47
Energy Efficiency Measures in MF Projects Multifamily Accelerated Processing (MAP) Guide, 4430.G: FHA explicitly recognizes and underwrites projected utility savings resulting from energy efficiency improvements. To qualify for these credits, projects must demonstrate proposed savings through an energy audit. FHA will underwrite up to 75 percent of proposed savings.
FHA to cut Mortgage Insurance Rates on Multifamily Mortgages: The rate reductions announced today will take effect on April 1, 2016, and will directly impact FHA’s Multifamily Housing Programs and properties housing low- and moderate-income families and/or developments installing energy-efficient systems or building within federal energy guidelines.
48
HUD INCENTIVES
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 48
49©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 49
50©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 50
EXAMPLE PROJECTS
Orenco Station, Portland, OR, 57 Units©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 51
52© 2016 PHIUS
80 UNIT SRO MULTIFAMILY BUILDING
RETROFIT
McKeeseport, Action Housing, Pittsburgh
©2017 Passive House Institute US |
18 UNIT MULTIFAMILY BUILDING MARKET RATE
53
Kiln Appartments,Portland, Oregon
©2017 Passive House Institute US |
PASSIVE BUILDINGS
AFFORDABLE DEVELOPMENTS
Knickerbocker Project, 24 Units, Brooklyn, NY, Chris BenedictStellar Apartments, 16 Units, Eugene, OR
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 54
Uptown Lofts, Pittsburgh, PA
FIRST AFFORDABLE FULLY CERTIFIED 24 UNIT BUILDING
UPTOWN LOFTS - AFFORDABLEDEVELOPMENT IN PITTSBURGH
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 55
ORCHARDS AT ORENCO PHASE IIOrchards at Orenco Station Phase II, Portland, OR
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 56
AFFORDABLE RETROFIT PROJECT IN WASHINGTON DC
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 57
Weinberg Commons, Washington DC
RECENTLY COMPLETED
COMPLETED - DEVELOPMENT WITH 47 UNITS
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 58
CHOM Village Center, Brewer, ME
W 153rd St, New York, NY
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 59
LARGEST MIDRISE UNDER CONSTRUCTION WITH 101 UNITS
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 60
Beach Green North, New York, NY
3365 3rd AVENUE, BRONX, NY61©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
3365 3rd Avenue, Bronx, NY
HI-RISE PLANNED FOR BRONX, NY62©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
425 Grand Concourse, NY, NY
63©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
PHIUS MULTIFAMILY RESOURCE CENTER
Source: http:/multifamily.phius.org/
64©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
PHIUS MULTIFAMILY RESOURCE CENTER
FIRST LICENSED HEALTH FACILITY, 34 UNITS
65
Sunshine Terrace, Washington State
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
EXAMPLE COMMERCIAL PROJECTS
FIRST CHURCHKINDERHOOK
Seventh Day Adventist Church, NY
66©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
NEW RMI HEADQUARTERS IN BASALT
©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS 67
Rocky Mountain Institute Innovation Center, Basalt, CO
© Passive House Institute US 2016
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
249 unit - NYC
209 unit -NYC
Hotel – Boston, MA
Offices – Chicago, IL
Hotel – Pittsburgh, PA
68©2017 Passive House Institute US |
PASSIVE BUILDING IS PART OF THE SOLUTION
69©2017 Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
Katrin Klingenberg, Executive Directorwww.PHIUS.org/www.PHAUS.org