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Second Half of Russia Presentation
Kelli BennettCarly GarrisonJosh Overcash
Joseph WilliamsMelissa Williams
Social Stratificati
on
oSocial Stratification was viewed from two different perspectives
i.Antagonistic social classesii.Various groups of people who have relatively similar levels of political power, privilege and prestige.
oConcept of social class was based on Marxist theory
Defined especially by a person’s relations to the means of production.
oSince 1936, the Soviet Union has been defined as a socialist society
Property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community
Social Class
Stratification of Class
Two recognized classes:1. Working class
oLaborers and Farmers2. Intelligentsia
oNon-Laborers, Clerical and Administrative jobs
The Elite ClassoPoliticiansoManagers of the largest production enterprisesoDirectors of educational, research and medical establishmentsoSenior military officials
First three decade: upward mobility depended on meeting certain political requirements. Often promotions were
based entirely on political criteria, at the expense of technical or other
qualifications
Social Mobility
In the USSR, social mobility was based on different
principles at different stages of development
oAs the system matured, greater emphasis was put on education as a principle for advancement, and
the society move more closely to meritocratic principles
Meritocratic: system of government or another organization wherein appointments are made and responsibilities are give based on demonstrated ability and talent rather then by wealth, family connections, class privilege, popularity, or other historical determinants of social positions and political power
oDue to the ability of the intelligentsia to be more able to provide higher education, the intelligentsia became more self-recruiting. Thus, the more industrial the society became, the more rigid became the system of stratification
SocialMobility
oPay differentialsi.Manual workers usually have six grades in their pay scale (Anywhere from 70 rubles per month to 210 rubles per month)ii.Elite Class: Ranges from 600 rubles per month to 2000 rubles per month.
oChanges in social structurei.The political revolution of 1917, was followed by an induces industrial revolution
•Huge rise in employment•Higher access to education•Return on society rose•Higher rates in continuing education
Health Care
Education
oEducation is centrally plannedoThere are 2 ministries in charge
1. The Ministry of Education2. The Ministry of Higher
and Secondary Specialized Education
Pre School EducationoDay nursery for children 6 months to 3years
oNursery School or kindergarten for children 3 to 6 or 7 years old.oUsually attended by children of urban familiesoParents paid an income-related sum for meals and for optional foreign-language teachings.oEmphasis on “upbringing” (how to act, how to interact, etc)
General Educatio
n
Higher Education
Kinship
Method for Namingo A person has a given name at birth: first, middle, and lastoFrom the given first name, there are 3 more types of names
1. Diminutive form –what the father would say2. Endearing form –what the mother would say3. Pejorative form –what friends would say
oThe middle name is a patronymic name from the father.o The last name is the family name and replaces the female’s last name at marriage.
Russian FamilyoTo Russians, family is extremely important. oThe familial unit is dependent on one another.oUrban families tend to be smaller and may live in apartments with 2 to 3 generations residing in a small space.oRural families tend to be largeoBoth believe in the idea of the extended family, incorporating babushkas and dadushkas (grandmothers and grandfathers) into their daily living.oThe elderly are treated with the utmost respect, even if they are not the grandparents of the person.
oAverage family size is 3oNational population crisisoInfertile: abortionoPoverty
Russian Family
oWomen are ½ the active workforce (34.9 million)oEarn 1/3 what men earnoSpecific fieldsoLegally, equal rights
oCredit, educationo“Personal dignity” (rape)oVersus religious?
Status of Women
Status of Women
oPregnant women; women with childrenoMarriage: 18, some circumstances 16
oPolygyny is officially illegaloTraditionally monogamousoMuslim areas (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan); toleratedoZhirinovsky & legalization
Status of Women
oDowry traditional; ¼ father’s worthoNot practiced todayoStill have traditions:
o“ransom of the bride”osharing the loafowedding feast
Wedding Traditions
oProstitutionoLittle optionsoYoung ageoInternational
Status of Women
Short Quiz
1. Russia was formerly known as which of the below during the Communist rule?
A. Confederation of RussiansB. U.S.S.R.C. United Society of CommunismD. The Big Red
2. Russia’s population is…A. Growing, but slowlyB. Growing rapidlyC. Declining
3. This religion is not found in a majority of RussiaA.ChristianityB.JudaismC.SikhismD.Islam
4. Russian’s middle names come from which family memberA.MotherB.FatherC.AuntD.Grandfather5. On average, women are paid in
what percentage to menA.1/4 B.5/4C.1/3D.1/2
http://libweb.hawaii.edu/libdept/russian/album/slideshow.htm (multiple)
http://www.un.int/russia/new/MainRoot/newrussiaen/religionen.htm
http://www.jamd.com/image/g/72953870?partner=Google&epmid=1
http://www.bestwaytoinvest.com/UserFiles/Image/Russia-c.jpg
http://www.clearharmony.net/a_images/2006/05/2006-05-15-russia-family.jpg (multiple)
http://campus.belmont.edu/honors/Virgins/16thRusVirgSign.jpg
http://democraticpiece.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/russ0001.thumbnail.GIF
http://www.bellona.no/imagearchive/de7c7e0044f63d97 (multiple)
http://www.panchjanya.com/8-10-2000/putin11.jpg
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/portugal/pt02_04b.jpg
http://www.odyssei.com/travel-gallery/76252.html (multiple)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia (multiple)
Picture SourcesMel Williams
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4701633.stmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Russia
“How do you create a sense of shared identity in a country divided by race, language, and religion?” (Robert Parsons-New Bill on National Identity)
Russian Public Opinion Research Center
CIA Fact book
http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/russia-country-profile.html
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3183.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritocracy
Information SourcesMel Williams
Brown, Archie, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Russia. Ed. Archie Brown, Michael Kaser, and Gerald S. Smith, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994