Second Revision No. 1-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Chapter 2 ] · 2016-09-29 · Second Revision No. 1-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Chapter 2 ] Chapter 2Referenced Publications 2.1General. The documents

Second Revision No. 1-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Chapter 2 ]

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications

2.1 General.

The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter are referenced within this standard and shall beconsidered part of the requirements of this document.

2.2 NFPA Publications.

National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.

NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, 2018 edition.

NFPA 1851, Standard on Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural FireFighting and Proximity Fire Fighting, 2014 edition.

NFPA 1972, Helmets for Structural Fire Fighting, 1992 edition. (withdrawn)

NFPA 1973, Gloves for Structural Fire Fighting, 1993 edition. (withdrawn)

NFPA 1974, Protective Footwear for Structural Fire Fighting, 1992 edition. (withdrawn)

NFPA 1976, Standard on Protective Ensemble for Proximity Fire Fighting, 2000 edition. (withdrawn)

NFPA 1981, Standard on Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) for EmergencyServices, 2013 edition.

NFPA 1983, Standard on Life Safety Rope and Equipment for Emergency Services, 2017 edition.

2.3 Other Publications.

2.3.1 AATCC Publications.

American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC27709.

AATCC 35, Water Resistance: Rain Test, 2013.

AATCC 42, Test Method for Water Resistance: Impact Penetration Test, 2013.

AATCC 61, Colorfastness to Laundering, Home and Commercial : Accelerated, 2013.

AATCC 70, Test Method for Water Repellency: — Tumble Jar Dynamic Absorption Test, 2014 2015 .

AATCC 135, Dimensional Changes in Automatic of Fabrics after Home Laundering of Woven and KnitFabrics , 2004.

National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

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2.3.2 ASTM Publications.


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ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

ASTM A666, Standard Specification for Annealed or Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip,Plate, and Flat Bar, 2015.

ASTM B117, Standard Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing , 2011.

ASTM B152/B152M , Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip Plate, and Rolled Bar, 2013.

ASTM D737 D471 , Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics Rubber Property—Effectof Liquids , 2012 2016 .

ASTM D751, Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics, 2011.

ASTM D1003, Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics, 2013.

ASTM D1683, Standard Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven Fabrics, 2011.

ASTM D1776 D1776/D1776M , Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles for Testing ,2015 2016 .

ASTM D3359, Standard Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test, 2009 e2.

ASTM D3940, Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength (Load) and Elongation of Sewn Seams of Knitor Woven Stretch Textile Fabrics, 1983.

ASTM D4157, Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory CylinderMethod), 2013.

ASTM D4966, Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion TestMethod), 2012, e1.

ASTM D5034, Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test),2013.

ASTM D5169, Standard Test Method for Shear Strength (Dynamic Method) of Hook and Loop TouchFasteners, 2015.

ASTM D5170, Standard Test Method for Peel Strength (“T” Method) of Hook and Loop Touch Fasteners,2015.

ASTM D5587, Standard Test Method for the Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure, 2015.

ASTM D6413/D6413M , Standard Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test), 2015.

ASTM D6775, Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Webbing, Tape andBraided Material, 2013.

ASTM D6797, Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Fabrics Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE)Ball Burst Test, 2015.

ASTM D7138, Standard Test Method to Determine Melting Temperature of Synthetic Fibers, 2008 2016 .

ASTM E162, Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat EnergySource , 2015.

ASTM E809, Standard Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of Retroreflectors, 2013.

ASTM E991, Standard Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using theOne-Monochromator Method , 2011.

ASTM E1164, Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation, 2012.

ASTM E2152, Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Fluorescent Objects from BispectralPhotometric Data, 2012.

ASTM E2153, Standard Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Data for Evaluation of FluorescentColor, 2011.

ASTM F903, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing Materials toPenetration by Liquids, 2010.

ASTM F1060, Standard Test Method for Thermal Protective Performance of Materials for ProtectiveClothing for Hot Surface Contact, 2008.

ASTM F1154, Standard Practice for Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort, Fit, Function, and Integrity ofChemical Protective Suit Ensembles , 2011.


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ASTM F1215, Test Method for Determining the Initial Efficiency of a Flatsheet Filter Medium in an AirflowUsing Latex Spheres, 1998.

ASTM F1342/F1342M , Standard Test Method for Protective Clothing Material Resistance to Puncture,2013 e1.

ASTM F1359/F1359M , Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of Protective Clothing orProtective Ensembles Under a Shower Spray While on a Mannequin Manikin , 2013 2016 .

ASTM F1671/F1671M , Standard Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing toPenetration by Blood-Borne Pathogens Using Phi-X-174 Bacteriophage Penetration as a Test System,2013.

ASTM F1790/F1790M , Standard Test Methods Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Usedin Protective Clothing with CPP Test Equipment, 2014 2015 .

ASTM F1868, Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Usinga Sweating Hot Plate, 2014.

ASTM F1939, Standard Test Method for Radiant Heat Resistance of Flame Resistant Clothing Materialswith Continuous Heating, 2015.

ASTM F2010/F2010M , Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Glove Effects on Wearer Hand DexterityUsing a Modified Pegboard Test, 2010.

ASTM F2299/F2299M, Standard Test Method for Determining the Initial Efficiency of Materials Used inMedical Face Masks to Penetration by Particulates Using Latex Spheres , 2010.

ASTM F2412, Standard Test Methods for Foot Protection, 2011.

ASTM F2413, Standard Specification for Performance Requirements for Protective (Safety) Toe CapFootwear, 2011.

ASTM F2731, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Transmitted and Stored Energy in Fire FighterProtective Clothing Systems, 2011.

ASTM F2849 F2894 , Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Materials, Protective Clothing andEquipment for Heat Resistance Using a Hot Air Circulating Oven, 2014.

ASTM F2913, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Friction for Evaluation of SlipPerformance of Footwear and Test Surfaces/Flooring Using a Whole Shoe Tester, 2011.

ASTM F2961, Standard Test Method for Characterizing Gripping Performance of Gloves Using a TorqueMeter, 2015.

ASTM G155, Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-MetallicMaterials, 2013.

2.3.3 CIE Publications.

U.S. National Committee of the Comission Internationale de l'Eclairage CIE, c/o Mr. Thomas M. Lemons,TLA — Lighting Consultants, Inc., 7 Pond Street, Salem, MA 01970-4819.

ISO/CIE 10526, Calorimetric Illuminants, 1999.

2.3.4 CSA Publications.

Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON, L4W 5N6, Canada.

CSA Z195, Protective Footwear, 2009 2014 .

2.3.5 FIA Publications.

Footwear Industries of America, 1420 K Street, NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20005.

FIA 1209, Whole Shoe Flex, 1984.

2.3.6 GSA Publications.

U.S. General Services Administration, 1800 F Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20405.

Federal Test Method Standard 191A, Textile Test Methods, 20 July 1978.


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2.3.7 ISEA Publications.

International Safety Equipment Association, 1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762.

ANSI/ISEA 107, American National Standard for High-Visibility Safety Apparel andAccessories Headwear , 2010 2015 .

ANSI/ISEA Z87.1, Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices, 2015.

2.3.8 ISO Publications.

International Organization for Standardization, ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8,CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland.

ISO Guide 27, Guidelines for corrective action to be taken by a certification body in the event of misuse ofits mark of conformity, 1983.

ISO Guide 62, General requirements for bodies operating assessment and certification/registration ofquality systems , 1996.

ISO 4649, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotatingcylindrical drum device, 2010.

ISO 6530, Protective clothing — Protection against liquid chemicals — Test method for resistance ofmaterials to penetration by liquids , 2005.

ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements, 2008.

ISO 11092, Textiles — Physiological effects — Measurement of thermal and water-vapour resistanceunder steady-state conditions (sweating guarded-hotplate test) , 2014.

ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements , 2015.

ISO 17011, Conformity assessment — General requirements for accreditation bodies accreditingconformity assessment bodies, 2004.

ISO 17021, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification ofmanagement systems — Part 1: Requirements , 2015.

ISO 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories, 2005.

ISO/IEC 17065, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes, andservices , 2012.

ISO 17492, Clothing for protection against heat and flame — Determination of heat transmission onexposure to both flame and radiant heat, 2003.

ISO/CIE 10526, Calorimetric Illuminants , 2007.

ISO/IEC 17065, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes, andservices, 2012.

2.3.9 SAE Publications.

SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.

SAE J211-1, Instrumentation for Impact Test, Part 1 – Electronic Instrumentation, 2014.

2.3.10 U.S. Department of Defense Publications.

Standardization Document Order Desk, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.

A-A-55126B, Commercial Item Description, Fastener Tapes, Hook and Loop, Synthetic, 2006.

A-A-55634A, Commercial Item Description, Zippers (Fasteners, Slide, Interlocking), March 23, 2004.

2.3.11 U.S. Government Publications.

U.S. Government Publishing Office, 732 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001.

Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.132, “Personal Protective Equipment: GeneralRequirements. , ” 1994.

Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.134, “Personal Protective Equipment: RespiratoryProtection.”


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2.3.12 U.S. Military Publications.

U.S. Army Developmental Test Command (DTC) , ATTN: CSTE-DTC-TT-S, Aberdeen Proving Ground,MD 21005-5055.

Federal Specification CCC-C-419, Cloth, Duck, Unbleached, Plied-Yarns, Army and Numbered, 1985.

2.3.14 Other Publications.

Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.

Test Operations Procedure (TOP) 10-2-022, Chemical Vapor and Aerosol System-Level Testing ofChemical/Biological Protective Suits, 2013.

2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections. (Reserved)

Supplemental Information

File Name Description

1971_Chapter_2_SR_1_staff_use_only.docx

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Chris Farrell

Organization: National Fire Protection Assoc

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Thu Jun 30 06:50:31 EDT 2016

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Update referenced publications in Chapter 2 based on revisions to these standards as well asrevisions made to test methods during public comments.

ResponseMessage:

Public Comment No. 124-NFPA 1971-2016 [New Section after 2.3.2]

Public Comment No. 88-NFPA 1971-2016 [Chapter 2]

Public Comment No. 43-NFPA 1971-2016 [Section No. 2.3.2]




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Second Revision No. 2-NFPA 1971-2016 [ New Section after 3.3.152 ]

3.3.85* Particulate Blocking Layer.

The layer(s) of an element or item that principally inhibits the ingress of particles.



1971_3.3.X_SR_2_new_annex_material.docx




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:


Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Needed to support the introduction of an alternative test method (Particulate BlockingTest)

Response Message:

Public Comment No. 125-NFPA 1971-2016 [New Section after 3.3]

Public Comment No. 126-NFPA 1971-2016 [New Section after A.3.3.148]


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SR 2, 1971, new annex material

A.3.3.XXX. For the purpose of this standard, the particulate blocking layer

is intended to inhibit the passage of smoke particles through the

protective clothing element or interface device. The combination of the

particulate blocking layer and other layers associated with the element or

interface device may also contribute to this function.

Second Revision No. 3-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Sections 4.1.8, 4.1.9, 4.1.10 ]

4.1.8

The certification organization shall not issue any new certifications to the 2007 2013 edition of NFPA 1971on or after the NFPA effective date for the 2013 2018 edition, which is August 29, 2012 [effective date tobe added pending Standards Council determination] .

4.1.9

The certification organization shall not permit any manufacturer to continue to label any products that arecertified as compliant with the 2007 2013 edition of NFPA 1971 on or after August 29, 2013 [effectivedate plus 12 months to be added pending Standards Council determination] .

4.1.10

The certification organization shall require manufacturers to remove all certification labels and productlabels indicating compliance with the 2007 2013 edition of NFPA 1971 from all products that are under thecontrol of the manufacturer on August 29, 2013 [effective date plus 12 months to be added pendingStandards Council determination] , and the certification organization shall verify this action is taken.



1971_4.1.8_SR_3_Effective_Dates_staff_use_only.docx




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:


Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Updating effective dates.

Response Message:


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Second Revision No. 6-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Section No. 4.5.3 [Excluding any

Sub-Sections] ]

All the following entities shall either be registered to ISO 9001, Quality management systems —Requirements, or shall be listed as a covered location under an ISO 9001 registered entity:

(1) Manufacturer

(2) Manufacturing facility

(3) The entity that directs and controls compliant product design

(4) The entity that directs and controls compliant product quality assurance

(5) The entity that provides the warranty for the compliant product

(6) The entity that puts their name on the product label and markets and sells the product as their own



1971_new_A.4.5.3_SR_6.docx




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Wed Jul 06 09:19:29 EDT 2016

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

A new edition of ISO 9001 was published in 2015. This revision allows a period of time formanufacturers to transition their registration from the 2008 Edition to the 2015 Edition. Therefore,both editions of the standard are being referenced and this Annex item explains why bothstandards are being referenced.

ResponseMessage:



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New annex material, A.4.5.3

In September of 2015, a revised edition of ISO 9001 Quality management systems – Requirements

was issued. Both the 2008 and 2015 editions of the standard are being referenced in this revision of the standard to

allow manufacturer’s sufficient amount of time to transition their quality management systems registration to this new

edition.

Second Revision No. 5-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Section No. 4.5.3.1 ]

4.5.3.1

Registration to the requirements of ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements, shall beconducted by a registrar that is accredited for personal protective equipment in accordance with ISO17021, Conformity assessment – Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification ofmanagement systems Guide 62, General requirements for bodies operating assessment andcertification/registration of quality systems . The registrar shall affix the accreditation mark on the ISOregistration certificate.




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:


Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The committee agrees with this change to update to the correct standard reference, howeverthere is a typo in the title of the standard, therefore the paragraph language must be revised.

ResponseMessage:

Public Comment No. 90-NFPA 1971-2016 [Section No. 4.5.3.1]


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Second Revision No. 8-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Sections 5.1.7, 5.1.8, 5.1.9, 5.1.10 ]

5.1.7

The following information shall also be printed legibly on each product label with all letters at least 1.5 mm(1⁄16 in.) in height:

(1) Manufacturer’s name, identification, or designation

(2) Manufacturer’s address

(3) Country of manufacture

(4) Manufacturer’s element identification number, lot number, or serial number

(5) Month and year of manufacture, not coded

(6) Model name, number, or design

(7) Size or size range

(8) Principal material(s) of construction

Where the principal material of construction used in a garment is a component that is listed, thecomponent name under which it is listed shall be identified.

(9) Cleaning precautions

5.1.7.1

For garments only, where the principal material of construction is a component that is listed, thecomponent name under which it is listed shall be identified.

5.1.7.2

For garments only, where the thermal liner, moisture barrier, and outer shell are separable, eachseparable layer shall also have a label containing the information required in 5.1.7(4) through 5.1.7(8) .

5.1.7.3*

For footwear only, principal materials of construction shall include of footwear, at least the outer shell,moisture barrier, and thermal liner materials. Generic names of materials shall be used listed . Genericnames of materials shall be permitted to be used. Additional materials that are used throughout themajority of the boot footwear shall also be listed on the label.

5.1.7.4*

For helmets only, principal materials of construction shall include generic terminology for the shell materialprovided principal materials of construction of helmets, the shell material shall be listed .

5.1.7.5*

For principal materials of construction of gloves, at least the outer shell, moisture barrier, thermal liner, andglove interface component (wristlet) shall be listed. Generic names of materials shall be permitted to beused. If used, the type of leather shall be listed. Any additional materials that are used throughout thesignificant portion of the glove’s construction shall also be listed on the label.

5.1.7.5*

For gloves only, principal materials of construction shall include at least the outer shell, moisture barrier,thermal liner, and wristlet materials. Generic names of materials shall be used. The type of leather shallbe listed, such as cow leather, elk leather, and so forth. Additional materials that are used throughoutthe majority of the glove body shall also be listed on the label.

5.1.8*

For principal materials of construction of footwear, at least the outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermalliner shall be listed. Generic names of materials shall be permitted to be used. Additional materials thatare used throughout the majority of the footwear shall also be listed on the label.


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5.1.9*

For principal materials of construction of helmets, the shell material shall be provided.



1971_5.1.7_SR_8_staf_use_only.docx




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:


Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

During the first revision redundant labeling text was included in error. The revisions to thiscomment eliminate the redundancies, correct referenced sections and clarify requirements.

ResponseMessage:

Public Comment No. 20-NFPA 1971-2016 [Sections 5.1.7, 5.1.8, 5.1.9, 5.1.10]


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Second Revision No. 10-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Section No. 5.3.6 ]

5.2.6

For barrier hoods only, the following additional language shall be provided on the product label:

“THIS HOOD PROVIDES LIMITED BARRIER PROTECTION.”




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:


Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

This requirement should be part of the structural labeling requirements. In the first draft report itwas inserted into 5.3.6 which are the proximity labeling requirements.

ResponseMessage:




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6.5.4.4

Helmet ear covers shall be detachable.




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:


Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

• While the need to easily clean and decontaminate helmet ensembles to help ensure firefighterhealth and safety is fully supported, the cleaning of the element is already addressed in NFPA 1851.That standard clearly indicates that the manufacturer's instructions provide guidance on how to cleantheir ensemble, and in the absence of that instruction the standard itself provides guidance. Theease by which any ensemble's individual design element is able to be cleaned should be determinedby the AHJ's individual assessment and evaluation of the ensemble.

• The proposed requirement is design restrictive and assumes all ear covers are a single elementconstructed of fabric material. This proposal would lock the design of today’s style of ear protectionin a fire helmet - it would potentially prevent development of new and better ear covers in the future.Full head, “jet fighter” or “European” style fire helmets are gaining acceptance in the North Americanfire service which integrate ear and side-of-face protection barriers to the shell. This requirementcould prevent such style of fire helmet from being certified to NFPA 1971.

• Other elements of the helmet ensemble which are integral to the design are made of fabricmaterials and are meant not to be removable such as suspension straps, retention straps, andenergy absorption components. These elements are capable of being cleaned per themanufacturer’s recommended procedure as required by NFPA 1851.

• There is no time restriction on any structural firefighting and proximity firefighting protectiveensemble or element for the repair, cleaning, and decontamination in NFPA 1971 or NFPA 1851.With the addition of requiring the element of time to the replacement of any component, the test labswould need to ensure, certify, and maintain among their testing staff a level of consistent proficiencyand skill for all models and manufacturers. This would cause error due to the influence of the humanelement.

ResponseMessage:



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6.7.3.5*


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The location of the wrist crease shall be determined by the following procedures, as shown in Figure6.7.3.5. :

Figure 6.7.3.5 Location of Wrist Crease.

(1) The location of the wrist crease shall be determined by first placing the glove on a measurementboard palm down and securing (locking) the fingertips down onto the board.

(2) A 1 lb weight shall be attached to the end of the glove body, glove interface component, or gloveextension. The weight shall not be attached to a knitted wristlet glove interface component. Theweight shall be applied evenly across the glove.

(3) The weight shall be allowed to hang freely for 60 seconds prior to taking any measurements.

(4)* The bottom of digit three shall be found by drawing a line on the back side of the glove from thefinger crotches on either side of digit three. A point shall then be placed at the center of that line.


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(5) A straight line shall be drawn across the back of the glove perpendicular to the two points. This lineshall be extended around the side edges of the glove.

(6) The glove shall be removed from the measurement board. A line shall be drawn on the palm side ofthe glove by connecting the lines from the side edges of the glove.

(7) The resulting straight line around the circumference of the glove shall be the location of the wristcrease.

6.7.3.5.1

The location of the wrist crease shall be determined by first placing the glove on a measurement boardpalm down and securing (locking) the fingertips down onto the board.

6.7.3.5.2

A 1 lb weight shall be attached to the end of the glove body, glove interface component, or gloveextension. The weight shall not be attached to a knitted wristlet glove interface component. The weightshall be applied evenly across the glove.

6.7.3.5.3

The weight shall be allowed to hang freely for 60 seconds prior to taking any measurements.

6.7.3.5.4*

Two points shall be marked on the back side of the glove. The location of the points shall be determinedby measuring down the following distances, which are provided according to glove size, from the fingercrotch of digit two and from the finger crotch of digit three:

70N (normal): 9.46 cm (3.72 in.)

70W (wide): 10.04 cm (3.95 in.)

76N (normal): 10.68 cm (4.20 in.)

76W (wide): 11.21 cm (4.42 in.)

82N (normal): 11.73 cm (4.62 in.)

6.7.3.5.5

A straight line shall be drawn on the back side of the glove using the two points. This line shall be drawnaround the side edges of the glove.

6.7.3.5.6

The glove shall be removed from the measurement board. A line shall be drawn on the palm side of theglove by connecting the lines from the side edges of the glove.

6.7.3.5.7

The resulting straight line around the circumference of the glove shall be the location of the wrist crease.



SR_64_SB_6.7.3.5.docx

Depending on the index finger length for the glove size, the distance to the wrist crease shall bedetermined by laying a ruler parallel with the length of the glove from the point representing thebottom of digit three to a second point using one of the following dimensions that corresponds to theindex finger length. The second point shall be marked on the back of the glove.

(a) 64 [N (normal), W (wide), and XW (extra-wide)]: 8.36 cm (3.29 in.)

(b) 70 (N, W, and XW): 9.46 cm (3.72 in.)

(c) (c) 76 (N, W, and XW): 10.68 cm (4.20 in.)

(d) 82 (N, W, and XW): 11.73 cm (4.62 in.)


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Fig_6.7.3.5_1_.JPG STAFF USE ONLY

Fig_A.6.7.3.5_2_.JPG STAFF USE ONLY



Fig_A.6.7.3.5.png STAFF USE ONLY




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Fri Sep 02 08:54:26 EDT 2016

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

In the implementation of the new glove system, a global replacement was made to change the oldglove size designations to the new glove size designation. However, this global replacementoverlooked that the new glove system employs glove lengths of multiple widths. Therefore, the palmwidths used in the determination of the wrist crease location had to be adjusted to properly match thewrist crease locations to the new glove sizing system and it was further noted that clarifications wereneeded for the procedures for how the wrist crease location is determined.

ResponseMessage:


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6.7.3.5* The location of the wrist crease shall be determined as shown in Figure 6.7.3.5 and the procedures

given in the following paragraphs.

6.7.3.5.1 The location of the wrist crease shall be determined by first placing the glove on a measurement board

palm down and securing (locking) the fingertips down onto the board.

6.7.3.5.2 A 1 lb weight shall be attached to the end of the glove body, glove interface component, or glove

extension. The weight shall not be attached to a knitted wristlet glove interface component. The weight shall be

applied evenly across the glove.

6.7.3.5.3 The weight shall be allowed to hang freely for 60 seconds prior to taking any measurements.

6.7.3.5.4* Two points shall be marked on the back side of the glove. The location of the points shall be

determined by measuring down the following distances, which are provided according to glove size, from the

finger crotch of digit two and from the finger crotch of digit three:

(1) 70N (normal): 9.46 cm (3.72 in.)

(2) 70W (wide): 10.04 cm (3.95 in.)

(3) 76N (normal):

(4) 76W (wide): 11.21 cm (4.42 in.)

(5) 82N (normal): 11.73 cm (4.62 in.)

The bottom of digit three shall be found by drawing a line on the back side of the glove from the finger crotches

on either side of digit three. A point shall then be placed at the center of that line. Depending on the index finger

length for the glove size, the distance to the wrist crease shall be determined by laying a ruler parallel with the

length of the glove from the point representing the bottom of digit three to a second point using the below

dimension corresponding to the index finger length. The second point shall be marked on the back of the glove.

(1) 64 (N – normal, W – wide, and XW – extra-wide): 8.36 cm (3.29 in.)




6.7.3.5.5 A straight line shall be drawn on the back side of the glove using the two points. A straight line shall

be drawn across the back of the glove perpendicular to the two points. This line shall be drawn extended around

the side edges of the glove.

6.7.3.5.6 The glove shall be removed from the measurement board. A line shall be drawn on the palm side of

the glove by connecting the lines from the side edges of the glove.

6.7.3.5.7 The resulting straight line around the circumference of the glove shall be the location of the wrist

crease.

A.6.7.3.5 The procedures for the measurement of wrist crease are shown in the Figures A.6.7.3.5(1) through

A.6.7.3.5(4).

Figure A.6.7.3.5(1) Glove on Measurement Board with Attached Weight

Figure A.6.7.3.5(2) Determining the Location for the Bottom of Digit Three

Figure A.6.7.3.5(3) Marking the End Point of the Added Dimension

Figure A.6.7.3.5(4) Line Drawn Marking the Wrist Crease

A.6.7.3.5.4 The measurements given in 6.7.3.5.4(1) through (5) (4) are palm lengths and are calculated by

subtracting the median length of digit 3 from the median hand length found for each glove size in Figure 6.7.6.1

were determined using historical anthropometric data that related digit length to glove length for various sized

gloves.


6.7.5*


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For selection of proper glove size, the dimensions for hand circumference and the hand length shall bemeasured as shown in Figure 6.7.5 For selection of the proper glove size, the dimensions for indexfinger length and hand breadth shall be measured as follows:

(1) Using a straight ruler, the index finger length shall be measured to the nearest 1 mm ( 1 ⁄16 in.) fromthe tip of the index finger to the base of the finger located by the crease as shown in Figure6.7.5(a).

Figure 6.7.5(a) Measurement Location for Index Finger Length.

(2) Using a set of calipers or similar measuring device, the hand breadth shall be measured to thenearest 1 mm ( 1 ⁄16 in.) across the back of the hand knuckles from metacarpale II landmark (thumbside of index finger or digit 2) to the metacarpale V landmark (outside of little finger, or digit 5), asshown in Figure 6.7.5(b).

Figure 6.7.5(b) Measurement Location for Hand Breadth.

Figure 6.7.5 Method of Measuring Hand Dimensions for Selection of Proper Glove.


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6.7.5.1

Hand circumference shall be measured by placing a measuring tape on a table or other flat surface withthe numerals facing downward.

6.7.5.1.1

The subject shall place the right hand, palm down and fingers together, in the middle of the tape so thatthe tape can pass straight across the metacarpal knuckles.

6.7.5.1.2

The circumference shall be measured to the nearest 3 mm ( 1 ⁄8 in.) as shown in Figure 6.7.5 .

6.7.5.2

Finger circumference shall be measured at the proximal interphalangeal joint (first knuckle).

6.7.5.3

Finger length shall be measured from the tip of the finger to the base of the finger crease on the palmside.

6.7.5.4

Hand length shall be measured by placing the subject's hand, palm down, on a piece of paper with thefingers together and the hand and arm in a straight line.

6.7.5.4.1

The thumb shall be fully abducted, extended away from the palm as far as possible.

6.7.5.4.2

The paper shall be marked at the tip of the third, or middle, finger. A pencil mark shall be placed in thenotch at the base of the thumb where the thumb joins the wrist.

6.7.5.4.3

The straight line distance between the two points shall be measured to the nearest 3 mm ( 1 ⁄8 in.) asshown in Figure 6.7.5 .


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SR_65_SB_6.7.5.docx

Fig_6.7.5.1.png STAFF USE ONLY

Fig_6.7.5.2.png STAFF USE ONLY




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

In the implementation of the new glove system, a global replacement was made to change the oldglove size designations to the new glove size designation. However, this global replacementoverlooked the changes in the new glove dimensions on which the new glove system is based,replacing the old size system use of hand length and hand circumference. The proposed andaccepted new glove size system cannot work without the new glove dimensions.

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6.7.5 For selection of proper glove size, the dimensions for hand circumference and the hand length shall be

measured as shown in Figure 6.7.5.

6.7.5.1 Hand circumference shall be measured by placing a measuring tape on a table or other flat surface with

the numerals facing downward.

6.7.5.1.1 The subject shall place the right hand, palm down and fingers together, in the middle of the tape so

that the tape can pass straight across the metacarpal knuckles.

6.7.5.1.2 The circumference shall be measured to the nearest 3 mm (1⁄8 in.) as shown in Figure 6.7.5.

6.7.5.2 Finger circumference shall be measured at the proximal interphalangeal joint (first knuckle).

6.7.5.3 Finger length shall be measured from the tip of the finger to the base of the finger crease on the palm

side.

6.7.5.4 Hand length shall be measured by placing the subject’s hand, palm down, on a piece of paper with the

fingers together and the hand and arm in a straight line.

6.7.5.4.1 The thumb shall be fully abducted, extended away from the palm as far as possible.

6.7.5.4.2 The paper shall be marked at the tip of the third, or middle, finger. A pencil mark shall be placed in the

notch at the base of the thumb where the thumb joins the wrist.

6.7.5.4.3 The straight line distance between the two points shall be measured to the nearest 3 mm (1⁄8 in.) as

shown in Figure 6.7.5.

6.7.5* For selection of the proper glove size, the dimensions for index finger length and hand breadth shall be

measured as described in the following paragraphs.

6.7.5.1 Using a straight ruler, the index finger length shall be measured to the nearest 1 mm (1/16 in.) from the

tip of the index finger to the base of the finger located by the crease as shown in Figure 6.7.5.1

Figure 6.7.5.1 Measurement Location for Index Finger Length

6.7.5.2 Use a set of calipers or similar measuring device, the hand breadth shall be measured to the nearest 1

mm (1/16 in.) across the back of the hand knuckles from metacarpale II landmark (thumb side of index finger or

digit 2) to the metacarpale V landmark (outside of little finger, or digit 5) as shown in Figure 6.7.5.2.

Figure 6.7.5.2 Measurement Location for Hand Breadth


6.7.6*

In order to label or otherwise represent a glove as compliant with the requirements of this standard, themanufacturer shall provide gloves in the following sizes:

(1) 64N (normal)

(2) 70N (normal)

(3) 70W (wide)

(4) 76N (normal)

(5) 76W (wide)

(6) 82N (normal)

(7) 82W (wide)

6.7.6.1

The glove sizes from 64N through 82W indicated on the label shall be determined by the hand dimensionsgiven in Figure 6.7.6.1.

Figure 6.7.6.1 NFPA 1971 Size Definitions.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

In the establishment of the new sizing system for gloves, some language that was specific to the oldglove sizing system was retained in the second draft. The proposed changes clarify theimplementation of the new sizing system and removal language that no longer applies to the newsizing system. In addition, a more accurate title for Figure 6.7.6.1 was provided and additionalclarifications were provided for how the sizing system applied to non-mandatory glove sizes.

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6.13.6.2

Where the hood face opening is designed to interface with a specific SCBA facepiece, the hood faceopening shall overlap the outer edge of the specific SCBA facepiece-to-face seal perimeter by not lessthan 13 mm (1⁄2 in.). It shall be permitted to use the test equipment and approach specified in 8.47.4.2and 8.47.4.5 .




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The proposed change allows for a more accurate and reproducible means for making thisapproach.

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6.14.2

The portions of the barrier hood interface component that include a barrier material specifically for meetingthe requirements of 7.14.1 shall include all areas of the hood to at least 75 mm (3 in.) 37 mm (1.5 in.)above the reference plane when measured at the coronal plane and all areas of the hood to at least 75mm (3 in.) 200 mm (8 in.) at the sides when measured at the coronal plane and 225 mm (9 in.) at thefront and rear when measured at the midsagittal plane below the reference plane as measured when thehood is placed on an ISO Size J headform.



1971_6.14.2_SR_13_staff_use_only.docx




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CommitteeStatement:

This safely maximizes the number of square inches of non-barrier area on the crown of the head toallow the greatest amount of unrestricted moisture vapor and highest levels of air permeability • Todetermine the it is safe, and that this defined crown area is indeed going to be shielded by the firehelmet: we took the shallowest fire helmet suspension we could find; setting the suspension to itsshallowest possible setting; then fitted it onto the ISO head form we measured vertically from theReference Plane to 5/8” above the lowest horizontal portion of the helmet suspension headband; itwas determined that at 1.5” above the Reference Plane that even if the firefighter were to wear theirhelmet in a tilted fashion, that the helmet and its suspension/headband would always cover themaximized permeable crown area as defined as 1.5” above the Reference Plane BELOW THEREFERENCE PLANE: • Based on the IAFF FAST Testing results, it readily apparent that it isnecessary to provide barrier protection the wearer’s neck, and 3” below the Reference Plane wouldnot even fall below most firefighter’s ear lobes, let alone offer any protection to any portion of thefirefighter’s neck. • To determine the minimum amount of barrier below the Reference Plane: severalmodels and sizes of hoods were examined, measured and marked while being worn with turnoutcoats, by individuals with hat sizes from 6 ½ to almost 7 ¾; theses hood were then placed on the ISOhead form to determine the minimum distance below the Reference Plane needed to protect the neck;it was determined that 8” at the sides and 9” at the front and rear would be sufficient.

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6.14.3

Binding, including the elastic and stitching, around the barrier hood face opening shall be permitted toexclude barrier material specifically for meeting the requirements of 7.14.1 for a distance of 6 mm ( 1 ⁄4inch) 50 mm (2 in.) from the inner leading edge of the hood face opening. The distance shall bemeasured in eight separate locations with the hood lying on a flat surface with the face opening facingupward and measured from the innermost row of stitching to the face opening leading edge.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The typical width for the binding material is much greater than 1/4 inch. A 2 inch wide binding isbeing proposed to allow for current barrier hood products to continue to be used. It is important tospecify the leading edge of the hood opening as the reference basis for the measurementrequirement since the binding can be made relatively wide affecting the placement of stitching in theopening. Additional clarification added to describe how the distance shall be measured.

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7.1.2

Garments shall be tested for overall liquid penetration resistance as specified in Section 8.48, WholeGarment and Ensemble Liquid Penetration Test, and shall allow no liquid penetration except as permittedin 8.48.8.2 .




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

This second revision provides consistency for the interpretation of pass/fail performance asaddressed in the updated test method.

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7.1.13.3

Seam breaking strength shall be considered acceptable where the mode of failure is attributable to yarnslippage of the fabric in the sewn seam at values less than the required seam strength specified in7.1.13.1 , providing the fabric fails without failure of the seam below the applicable forces specified in7.1.13.1 .




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CommitteeStatement:

Discounting seam slippage limits failures to the thread breaking only, while there are other modesof seam failure that can potentially result in loss in protection. Further, this type of slippage is notgenerally evaluated during the trap tear and breaking strength tests.

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7.1.18

Garment outer shells and collar linings shall be individually tested for resistance to water absorption asspecified in Section 8.25, Water Absorption Resistance Test, and shall not have more than 10 15 percentwater absorption.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The current requirement is 30% and the input to change to 10% was based on increased concernsfor contaminants remaining in clothing, with the assumption that less liquid absorption would result inless overall contamination. At least one mill has indicated they will not be able to meet the 10% andhas suggested 15% as an alternative. Since there is precedent for the 15%, from the 1986 edition,the change from the original 30% to 15% will still represent a substantial increase in the currentrequirement.

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7.1.19

Garment outer shells and collar linings shall be individually tested for liquid repellency as specified inSection 8.25 , Water Absorption Resistance Test, and shall have an index of repellency of 80 percentor greater against each liquid chemical.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

This newly proposed section 7.1.19 and test method is based on a European EN/ISO (EN469/ISO11613) requirement for Structural Fire Fighting gear. Due to major difficulties in compliance with thisrequirement the EN 469 committee has now established a working group to determine if this testmethod needs to be altered or deleted for the next version of their standard. Additionally, there iscurrently an input that raises the requirement of water absorption resistance on outer shells fromallowing 30% absorption to only allowing 10%. Even though there is also a public comment to changethe 10% to 15%, either of these changes will serve to significantly decrease the amount of waterabsorption that an outer shell is allowed to demonstrate in the next revision. The standard is alreadyaddressing the issue of liquid resistance of the outer shell without the need to add yet another test,especially one that seems to currently be under scrutiny.

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7.2.6

Where garment Garment element sleeve composites contain sleeves that include enhancements exteriorto the outer shell shall be considered enhanced composites. Enhancements shall include items such asvisibility markings, and other materials used in construction, including, but not limited to, padding,reinforcements, emblems, patches, and logos, but excluding reinforcement materials that do not extendmore than 25 mm (1 in.) when measured from the edge of the cuff along the sleeve, exterior to the outershell . The enhanced composite shall be tested for transmitted and stored thermal energy as specified inSection 8.67, Transmitted and Stored Thermal Energy Test, and shall have an average predicted time tosecond-degree burn of 130 seconds or greater.







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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The revised language provides additional clarity to what enhancements need to be testedunder the stored energy requirement.

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7.2.7

Garment composites shall be tested for water vapor resistance as specified in Section 8.75 , WaterVapor Resistance ( R et ) Test, and shall have an average water vapor resistance of less than or equal

to 30 m 2 Pa/W.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The Technical Committee agrees that while this test may provide valuable information, there hasonly been limited data to support including this test in the standard during this revision cycle. TheTechnical Committee does want to encourage continued research on this test method.

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7.3.2

Garment outer shells, or garment composite consisting of but not limited to the outer shell, thermal lining,and moisture barrier, shall be tested for radiant reflective capability as specified in Section 8.52, RadiantProtective Performance Test, and shall have an intersect time of not less than 20 seconds.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The Radiant Protective Performance Test was not developed to be a whole composite test and thetest equipment was not designed to accommodate multiple layers. While the Technical Committeeagrees that there should be a whole composite test, the RPP test method is not an appropriate testmethod for whole composite testing and a new test should be developed but RPP cannot be used asa whole composite test. PC 28 has the same intent – both submitter’s want to keep the language inthe 2013 edition and this SR accomplishes that. Data submitted by UL demonstrates that if weaccept the new language we will be reducing the protection level greatly.

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7.3.4

Garment outer shells shall be tested for adhesion durability as specified in Section 8.55, Adhesion AfterWet Flex–Tape Method, and shall show no evidence of separation or removal of the surface coating orlaminate from the base material .




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CommitteeStatement:

Aligns Chapter 7 performance requirement with the interpretation of the Chapter 8 testmethod.

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Second Revision No. 25-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Sections 7.6.19, 7.6.20 ]

7.6.19

Helmet faceshield component lenses shall be tested for resistance to scratching as specified in Section8.22, Faceshield/Goggle Component Lens Scratch Resistance Test, and shall not exhibit a delta haze ofgreater than 50 5 percent.

7.6.20

Proximity faceshields shall be tested for adhesion of reflective coating as specified in Section 8.46,Adhesion of Reflective Coating on Proximity Faceshield — Tape Method, and shall show no evidence ofthe coating on the tape removal not to exceed 2B classification ( i.e., 15 percent to 35 percent removal) .




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CommitteeStatement:

This revision updates the language based on recent abrasion performance and validationtesting by the proximity faceshield supplier.

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7.7.25

Portions of the The glove body composite representative of at the back of the glove shall be tested forradiant heat resistance as specified in Section 8.67, Radiant Heat Resistance Test 4 Transmitted andStored Thermal Energy Test , and shall have a second-degree burn time of not less than 90.0 130seconds.




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Committee Statement: Corrected test and burn time in the performance requirement.

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7.10.14

Labels shall be tested for durability and legibility as specified in Section 8.41, Label Durability andLegibility Test 1, and shall remain in place, and shall be legible to the unaided eye .




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

For consistency with the other label legibility pass/fail performance requirements this text is beingdeleted. The text being deleted is include as part of the test method in Chapter 8 and is notnecessary as part of Chapter 7.

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Second Revision No. 34-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Sections 7.13.8, 7.13.9 ]

7.13.8

Knit The outermost hood material(s) shall be tested for material strength as specified in Section 8.13,Burst Strength Test, and shall have a burst strength of not less than 225 N (51 lbf). All additional hoodmaterial layers shall be tested for material strength as specified in Section 8.13 , Burst Strength Test, andshall have a burst strength of not less than 225 N (51 lbf). Alternatively the hood material composite shallbe tested as specified in 7.13.8.1 .

7.13.8.1

Where the alternative option specified in 7.13.8 is selected, the hood composite shall be tested formaterial strength as specified in Section 8.13 , Burst Strength Test, and no individual layer of thecomposite shall show evidence of any damage.

7.13.9

Knit hood Hood seams shall be tested for seam strength as specified in Section 8.14, Seam-BreakingStrength Test, and shall have a burst strength of not less than 181 N (41 lbf).







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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

When these requirements were written for the 1997 edition of NFPA 1971, the presumption was thatmaterials used in the construction of hoods were exclusively knit fabrics. At that time, the committeenever intended to exclusively apply strength requirements to knit fabrics only. The proposed changesapply a meaningful strength requirement to all layers used in the construction of hoods. Burststrength testing does not discriminate against the type of fabric as does tensile strength or tearresistance testing and can be applied to any type of fabric. This issue warrants considerationbecause of the addition of particulate barrier requirements for hoods and potentially other parts of theensemble.

Additional criteria have been added to apply to particulate barrier and other multi-layered hoods thatallow for an alternative approach for evaluating hood material that ensure that all hood layers retaintheir integrity following the application of a representative force applied to the hood during use.

ResponseMessage:

Public Comment No. 101-NFPA 1971-2016 [Sections 7.13.8, 7.13.9]


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7.13.10

Labels shall be tested for durability and legibility as specified in Section 8.41, Label Durability andLegibility Test 1, and shall remain attached to the hood, and shall be legible to the unaided eye .




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CommitteeStatement:

For consistency with the other label legibility pass/fail performance requirements this text is beingdeleted. The text being deleted is include as part of the test method in Chapter 8 and is notnecessary as part of Chapter 7.

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Second Revision No. 36-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Section No. 7.14 ]

7.14* Additional Performance Requirements for Optional Structural Fire-Fighting Protective HoodInterface Components Providing Particulate Protection.

7.14.1

Hood composite materials shall meet all performance criteria specified in Section 7.13, Protective HoodInterface Component Performance Requirements for Both Ensembles.

7.14.2

Hood composite materials that incorporate a particulate barrier blocking layer shall be tested forresistance to particulate penetration blocking as specified in Section 8.71, Particulate FiltrationEfficiency Blocking Test, and shall have a particulate filtration efficiency of 90 percent or greater for eachparticle size from 0.2 0.1 μm to 2.0 1.0 μm (12.5 mesh to 250 mesh) .

7.14.3

Hood composite materials that incorporate a moisture barrier shall use moisture barriers that meet thecriteria in 7.1.3 , 7.1.4 , 7.1.7 , 7.1.14 , 7.1.15 , 7.1.17 , and 7.1.23 .

7.14.3*

Hood composite composites materials including a particulate blocking layer shall be tested for evaporativeheat transfer as specified in Section 8.33, Total Heat Loss (THL) Test, and shall have a THL of not less

than 400 325 W/m2.



1971_7.14_SR_36_staff_use_only.docx STAFF USE ONLY

1971_7.14_SR_36_new_annex_material.docx




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The title of this section is not reflective of the new category for hood products.

The micron size was changed based on existing data from particle filtration companies.

JUSTIFICATION for THL • THL has an allowable variance of 8%, and each THL Test Apparatus variesfrom machine to machine, and results on the same machine and composite can literally vary form oneday to the next. • Adding particulate barrier protection to a firefighting hood will require a balance ofmaterials and just as importantly design. In working on this project we ran TPP and THL tests ondozens of material combinations including currently available all knit hoods. Only the very lightestweight of the all knit hoods without particulate barriers barely exceeded 400 THL only the day they


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were tested, with many falling in the mid-to-upper middle 300s. • Based on current non-barrier THLsbeing so unexpectedly low, and the fact that adding a barrier could, and most likely would, lower theTHLs even further, setting the initial THL at 400 would be severely materials restrictive and wouldmost likely delay a number of worthy options from entering into use in the field • Since we are in totallyunexplored territory, and based on all of our Lab Testing and Live Fire burn building evaluations, ourbest educated guess is that at a minimum, when a good design is combined with a THL of at least325 that the firefighters needs and protection will be realized. This does not limit the upper end at 325but does not set it so high as to limit the interest in further developing this brand new product categorygoing forward.

The proposed annex item suggests full ensemble testing of the hood to evaluate features thatcurrently are not required as part of the qualification of hoods against the optional requirements in thestandard. The subject proposed testing is already part of the First Draft to address full ensemble liquidand particulate protection. An annex item was also added to explain why only testing composites withthe particulate blocking layer are to be tested.

ResponseMessage:


Public Comment No. 139-NFPA 1971-2016 [Section No. 7.14]

Public Comment No. 142-NFPA 1971-2016 [New Section after A.7.10.10]






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A.7.14

It recommended that hoods certified to this optional set of requirements

also be evaluated for inward particle leakage as part of full ensembles as

specified in Section 8.66, Inward Particle Leakage Test, and show the

absence of particulate on the heads and necks of the test subjects. It is

recommended that this testing be performed without a black witness

garment on the test subjects' heads during the exposure to aid in the

clearer visual observation of the hood's performance and how it

interfaces with other parts of the ensemble. It is further recommended if

the objective of the testing is solely to evaluate the performance of

hoods offering particulate blocking capabilities that the other portions of

the ensemble be blocked off with tape such as the coat and pants front

closures, coat sleeve to glove interfaces, and pant to footwear interfaces

for isolating the performance of the hood.

A.7.14.4 It is widely accepted that THL of hood materials will be

significantly higher in the absence of a particulate blocking layer.

Therefore, testing THL only on the areas of the hood composite that

contain the particulate blocking layer represents the worst case.


7.16.9

Where the coat sleeve end terminates in a garment-glove interface, the interface area shall be tested inaccordance with Section 8.48 , Whole Garment and Ensemble Liquid Penetration Test, and shall allow noliquid penetration.




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Committee Statement: Correcting reference.

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8.1.2 Washing and Drying Procedure for Garments, Gloves, Hoods, and Wristlets.

Specimens shall be subjected to five cycles of washing and drying in accordance with the procedurespecified in Machine Cycle 1, Wash Temperature V, and Drying Procedure Ai of AATCC 135, DimensionalChanges in Automatic Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics Dimensional Changes of Fabricsafter Home Laundering . A 1.82 kg ± 01 0.1 kg (4.0 lb ± 0.2 lb) load shall be used. A laundry bag shall notbe used. Gloves shall be tumble dried for 60 minutes and shall be removed immediately at the end of thedrying cycle. At the conclusion of the final drying cycle, the gloves shall be direct dried on a forced-airnon-tumble-drying mechanism operated at 10ºC ± 5°C (18°F ± 9°F) above current room temperature untildry but for not less than 8 hours.




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CommitteeStatement:

This modification reflects the correct title of the 2004 Edition of AATCC 135. A decimal is alsomissing in the tolerance of the kilogram load size, this editorial adds that decimal.

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8.1.5 Convective Heat Conditioning Procedure for Helmets, Faceshield/Goggle Components, Gloves,Footwear, Moisture Barriers, Moisture Barrier Seams, Labels, Particulate Blocking Layer(s), and Trim.

Samples shall be conditioned by exposing them to the procedures specified in 8.6.4 and in 8.6.5.2through 8.6.5.3, with the following modifications:

(1) The oven temperature shall be stabilized at 140°C, +6/−0°C (285°F, +10°/−0°F), for helmets,footwear, moisture barriers, moisture barrier seams, labels, particulate blocking layer(s), and trim,and the test exposure time shall be 10 minutes, +15/−0 seconds.

(2) The oven temperature shall be stabilized at 177°C, +6/−0°C (350°F, +10°/−0°F), for gloves only; theexposure time shall be 10 minutes, +15/−0 seconds; and the procedures specified in 8.6.13.4 shallbe followed.

(3) The exposure time shall begin when the test thermocouple reading has stabilized at the requiredexposure temperature.

(4) The requirements of 8.6.5.4 and 8.6.5.5 shall be disregarded.

(5) Helmet specimens shall be placed on a room temperature nonconductive headform conforming to thedimensions in Figure 8.6.12.3 before being placed in the oven. After oven exposure, the requiredtesting shall be performed within 15 seconds ± 5 seconds, or the specimen shall be discarded and anew specimen shall be conditioned and tested as specified in this subsection. Only one helmet shallbe conditioned at a time.

(6) For gloves, footwear, trim, labels, moisture barriers, and moisture barrier seam specimens, therequired conditioning shall be performed no sooner than 24 hours after removal from conditioning.Samples shall be suspended in the oven such that there is a distance of at least 150 mm (6 in.)between items.

(7) For faceshield/goggle components, these components, attached to the helmet, shall be conditionedby placing them on a room temperature, solid, nonmetallic headform conforming to the dimensions inFigure 8.6.12.3 and by exposing them to a temperature of 108°C, +2/−0°C (225°F, +3/−0°F), for 20minutes, +15/−0 seconds. Goggles shall be permitted to be placed directly on the headform withoutbeing attached to the helmet. The impact test shall be completed within 15 seconds ± 5 seconds,after removal from the environmental chamber, or the faceshield/goggle components shall bereconditioned and retested.

(8) The oven temperature shall be stabilized at 177°C, +6/−0°C (350°F, +10/−0°F), for glove moisturebarriers, and the exposure time shall be 10 minutes, +15/−0 seconds. The glove moisture barriersample pouch shall be filled to capacity with nominal 4 mm (3⁄32 in.) sized perforated soda-lime orborosilicate glass beads. The beads shall be room temperature. The opening of the pouch shall befolded over and clamped together, the specimen shall be suspended by the clamp in the oven so thatthe entire specimen is not less than 50 mm (2 in.) from any oven surface and not less than 150 mm (6in.) from any other specimen, and airflow is parallel to the plane of the material. Not more than threesamples shall be placed in the test oven at one time. The samples shall be suspended such that eachsample is the same distance from the airflow source, so that no sample is blocking the airflow to othersamples.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The additional changes to the section are needed to clarify how the particulate blocking layeris conditioned for convective heat exposure.

ResponseMessage:


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8.1.5 Convective Heat Conditioning Procedure for Helmets, Faceshield/Goggle Components, Gloves,Footwear, Moisture Barriers, Moisture Barrier Seams, Labels, Particulate Blocking Layer(s), and Trim.

Samples shall be conditioned by exposing them to the procedures specified in 8.6.4 and in 8.6.5.2through 8.6.5.3, with the following modifications:

(1) The oven temperature shall be stabilized at 140°C, +6/−0°C (285°F, +10°/−0°F), for helmets,footwear, moisture barriers, moisture barrier seams, labels, particulate blocking layer(s), and trim,and the test exposure time shall be 10 minutes, +15/−0 seconds.

(2) The oven temperature shall be stabilized at 177°C, +6/−0°C (350°F, +10°/−0°F), for gloves only; theexposure time shall be 10 minutes, +15/−0 seconds; and the procedures specified in 8.6.13.4 shallbe followed.

(3) The exposure time shall begin when the test thermocouple reading has stabilized at the requiredexposure temperature.

(4) The requirements of 8.6.5.4 and 8.6.5.5 shall be disregarded.

(5) Helmet specimens shall be placed on a room temperature nonconductive headform conforming to thedimensions in Figure 8.6.12.3 before being placed in the oven. After oven exposure, the requiredtesting shall be performed within 15 seconds ± 5 seconds, or the specimen shall be discarded and anew specimen shall be conditioned and tested as specified in this subsection. Only one helmet shallbe conditioned at a time.

(6) For gloves, footwear, trim, labels, moisture barriers, and moisture barrier seam specimens, therequired conditioning shall be performed no sooner than 24 hours after removal from conditioning.Samples shall be suspended in the oven such that there is a distance of at least 150 mm (6 in.)between items.

(7) For faceshield/goggle components, these components, attached to the helmet, shall be conditionedby placing them on a room temperature, solid, nonmetallic headform conforming to the dimensions inFigure 8.6.12.3 and by exposing them to a temperature of 108°C, +2/−0°C (225°F, +3/−0°F), for 20minutes, +15/−0 seconds. Goggles shall be permitted to be placed directly on the headform withoutbeing attached to the helmet. The impact test shall be completed within 15 seconds ± 5 seconds,after removal from the environmental chamber, or the faceshield/goggle components shall bereconditioned and retested.

(8) The oven temperature shall be stabilized at 177°C, +6/−0°C (350°F, +10/−0°F), for glove moisturebarriers, and the exposure time shall be 10 minutes, +15/−0 seconds. The glove moisture barriersample pouch shall be filled to capacity with nominal 4 mm (3⁄32 in.) sized perforated soda-lime orborosilicate glass beads. The beads shall be room temperature. The opening of the pouch shall befolded over and clamped together, the specimen shall be suspended by the clamp in the oven so thatthe entire specimen is not less than 50 mm (2 in.) from any oven surface and not less than 150 mm (6in.) from any other specimen, and airflow is parallel to the plane of the material. Not more than threesamples shall be placed in the test oven at one time. The samples shall be suspended such that eachsample is the same distance from the airflow source, so that no sample is blocking the airflow to othersamples.


Submitter Full Name: Sonia Barbosa

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Submittal Date: Wed Sep 21 11:10:38 EDT 2016

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The additional changes to the section are needed to clarify how the particulate blocking layeris conditioned for convective heat exposure.

ResponseMessage:


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8.1.9* Wet Conditioning Procedure 2 for Glove Composites.

8.1.9.1

Samples shall be conditioned by being subjected to a water spray that evenly deposits a mist of water onthe thermal barrier layer of the composite using the apparatus and procedures described in 8.1.9.2through 8.1.9.7.

8.1.9.2

A means of spraying water at a rate of 0.22 g/s ± 0.5 g/s (0.008 oz/s ± 0.02 oz/s) uniformly over a 150 mm× 150 mm (6 in. × 6 in.) sample while measuring the weight of the sample shall be employed.

8.1.9.2.1

The nozzle shall be positioned directly over the sample.

8.1.9.2.2

The nozzle for applying the water spray shall be designed not to drip on the sample before the onset orafter the completion of the designated water spray period.

8.1.9.2.3

The spraying shall be conducted in a closed chamber or area that limits disturbance of the mist depositionof the sample from air currents.

8.1.9.2.4

The sample shall be positioned on a balance that is capable of measuring the sample weight to thenearest 0.1 g (0.004 oz). The balance pan shall have a minimum pan dimension of 150 mm × 150 mm (6in. × 6 in.).


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8.1.9.2.5

The uniformity of the water spray shall be determined (calibration) by measuring the mass of waterdeposited into 9 cups that measure 50 mm × 50 mm (2 in. × 2 in.) square that are positioned where watercollects on the sample, as shown in Figure 8.1.9.2.5 . Uniformity of the spray pattern shall be determinedby measuring the weight of each dry cup prior to the calibration and then measuring the weight of the cupfollowing the application of the spray for a period of 20 seconds where the wet cup weights are within 20percent of each other. The water spray method shall be confirmed to be capable of applying an average

of 0.019 g/cm 2 ( 0.0044 oz/in. 2 ) .

Figure 8.1.9.2.5 Glove Composite Wetting Method.

8.1.9.3

Samples for conditioning shall be the innermost layer of the glove composite that are cut to 150 mm × 150mm (6 in. × 6 in.).

8.1.9.4

The dry weight of the glove composite innermost layer sample to be wetted shall be measured on a spraychamber balance to the nearest 0.1 g (0.004 oz).

8.1.9.5

A Separate sets of samples shall have a mass of 2.0 g /± 0.1 g (0.070 oz /± 0.004 oz), 2.5 g ± 0.1 g (0.09oz ± 0.004 oz), and 3.0 g /± 0.1 g (0.11 oz /± 0.004 oz) of water shall be sprayed on the innermost layerof the glove composite as confirmed by the measurement of its weight on the balance.

8.1.9.6

Following the application of the water spray, the innermost layer of the glove shall be handled by theedges and assembled in a composite sample representative of the glove’s construction for the area of theglove to be evaluated.

8.1.9.7

Samples subjected to this conditioning shall be evaluated within 5 minutes following the wetting.





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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

This method was developed and evaluated by two members and one manufacturer to improvethe test method by evening out the amount of moisture on the sample.

The changes to 8.1.9.2 correct an error in the tolerance of the test method and more properlycommunicate the overall requirement for spraying water as part of the conditioning technique forglove composite samples being evaluated for stored energy.

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8.1.12 Washing and Drying Procedure for Garments, Gloves, and Glove Pouches.

8.1.12.1

The complete garment shall be washed with all closures fastened and the garment in its “as-worn”orientation. Garments with separable liners shall not have the liners separated.

8.1.12.2

A front-loading washer/extractor shall be used. The capacity shall be between 16 kg (35 lb) or 22.6 and24.9 kg (50 55 lb).

8.1.12.3

The wash load shall be two-thirds the rated capacity of the washer. If ballast is needed to make a fullload reach two-thirds capacity , similar material or outer shell material shall be used to make up the

difference in weight for garment samples, and 212.6 g/m 2 (7.5 oz/yd 2 ) woven 93 percent meta-aramid,5 percent para-aramid, 2 percent antistat fiber ballast shall be used for glove or glove pouch samples .

8.1.12.4

The wash cycle procedure and water levels specified in Table 8.1.12.4(a) and Table 8.1.12.4(b) shall befollowed. In addition, the g force shall not exceed 100 g throughout the wash cycle.

Table 8.1.12.4(a) Wash Cycle Procedure for Whole Garments and CBRN Materials

Temperature

Operation

Time

(min) ±3°C ±5°F Water Level

Suds using AATCC detergent #1993, 1.0 g/gal water 10 49 120 Low*

Drain 1 — — —

Carry-over 5 49 120 Low*

Drain 1 — — —

Rinse 2 38 100 High*

Drain 1 — — —


Drain 1 — — —


Drain 1 — — —

Extract 5 — — —

*See Table 8.1.12.4(b) for high and low water levels.

Table 8.1.12.4(b) Water Level for Whole Garments, Gloves, and Glove Pouches Operation Wash CycleProcedure

Low Water Level ±1 cm (3⁄8 in.) High Water Level ±1 cm (3⁄8 in.)

cm in. cm in.

20 12.7 7.9 5.0 30.5 25.4 12 10.0

8.1.12.5

Garments Samples shall be dried using a tumble dryer with a stack temperature of 38°C to 49°C (100°Fto 120°F) when measured on an empty load 20 minutes into the drying cycle.


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8.1.12.6

Garments Samples shall be tumbled for 60 minutes and shall be removed immediately at the end of thedrying cycle. At the conclusion of the final drying cycle, the garment samples shall be allowed to air dryfor at least 48 hours prior to conducting the test. The and the use of a forced-air dryer operated atambient temperature, −0° ± 5°C (−0° ± 10°F) shall be permitted. after At the conclusion of the final dryingcycle . Forced air , glove or glove pouch samples shall be at ambient temperature, −0°/+5°C(−0°/+10°F) dried on a forced-air, non-tumble-drying mechanism operated at 10ºC ± 5°C (50°F ± 9°F)above current room temperature until dry but not for less than 8 hours .

8.1.12.7

Garments, gloves, and glove pouches shall be washed and dried for a total of 5 five cycles.

8.1.12.8

For gloves and glove pouches, the wash load shall be at two-thirds of the rated capacity of the washer.If ballast is needed to reach two-thirds capacity, 212.6 g (7.5 oz) woven 93 percent meta-aramid, 5percent para-aramid, 2 percent antistat fiber ballast shall be used. Two-thirds of the rated capacity of thewasher shall not be exceeded.

8.1.12.9

Gloves and glove pouches shall be dried using a tumble dryer with a stack temperature of 38°C to 49°C(100°F to 120°F) when measured on an empty load 20 minutes into the drying cycle.

8.1.12.10

Gloves and glove pouches shall be tumbled for 60 minutes and shall be removed immediately at theend of the drying cycle. At the conclusion of the final drying cycle, the glove or glove pouches shall bedried on a forced-air, non-tumble-drying mechanism operated at 10ºC ±5°C above current roomtemperature until dry but not for less than 8 hours.



1971_8.1.12_SR_39_staf_use_only.doc




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Removed all reference to CBRN Materials. Also corrects the units of measure for basis weight ofthe specified ballast fabric. Water levels were changed to more align with the manufacturer settingsof the machines. Also, correlates with proposed changes in NFPA 1999 and NFPA 1951.

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8.1.18 Room Temperature Conditioning Procedure for Particulate Blocking Layer.

Samples shall be conditioned at a temperature of 20ºC ± 3ºC and a relative humidity of 50 percent ± 5percent for at least 12 hours. Specimens shall be tested within 5 minutes after removal fromconditioning. Specimens shall be tested within 5 minutes after removal from conditioning.




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CommitteeStatement:

This conditioning procedure is being added to support the necessary conditioningrequirements for the Particulate blocking test.

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Second Revision No. 41-NFPA 1971-2016 [ New Section after 8.6.1.11 ]

8.6.1.12

Modifications to this test method for testing wristlet materials shall be as specified in 8.6.18 .




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: The revised language provides additional clarity to how wristlet materials shall be tested.

Response Message:

Public Comment No. 16-NFPA 1971-2016 [New Section after 8.6.1.11]


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Second Revision No. 68-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Sections 8.6.13.1, 8.6.13.2, 8.6.13.3, 8.6.13.4 ]

8.6.13.4

The glove body shall then be filled to capacity with nominal 4 mm (1⁄8 in.) sized perforated soda-lime orborosilicate glass beads. in the following manner: A total of 51 mL of beads shall be evenly distributed intothe fingers. A mesh bag shall be filled with 372 mL of beads. The bag shall be loosely cinched to keep thebeads from spilling out. The mesh bag filled with beads shall be placed inside the body of the glove. Theglass beads shall be at a temperature of 21°C ± 3°C (71°F ± 5°F). The opening of the glove shall beclamped together, and the specimen shall be suspended by the clamp in the oven so that the entire gloveis not less than 50 mm (2 in.) from any oven surface and not less than 150 mm (6 in.) from any otherspecimen, and airflow is parallel to the plane of the material. One to three glove specimens shall beplaced in the test oven at one time. The glove specimens shall be suspended such that each specimen isthe same distance from the airflow source, so that no glove sample is blocking the airflow to other glovesamples.

(1) A total of 51 50 mL of beads shall be evenly distributed into each of the fingers resulting inapproximately 10 mL of beads in each of the five digits .

(2)

(3) The glass beads shall be at a temperature of 21°C ± 3°C (71°F ± 5°F).

(4) The opening of the glove shall be clamped together, and the specimen shall be suspended by theclamp in the oven so that the entire glove is not less than 50 mm (2 in.) from any oven surface andnot less than 150 mm (6 in.) from any other specimen, and airflow is parallel to the plane of thematerial.

(5) One to three glove specimens shall be placed in the test oven at one time.

(6) The glove specimens shall be suspended such that each specimen is the same distance from theairflow source, so that no glove sample is blocking the airflow to other glove samples.



SR_68_SB_8.6.13.4.docx




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CommitteeStatement:

Additional details and clarification of the new test method changes were discussed during thesecond draft meeting, but were needed to be more fully developed before making a specific

* A mesh lightweight bag constructed of 170 g/m 2 (5.0 oz/yd 2 ) or less heat-resistant material andmeasuring 120.5 mm (4.75 in.) high by 183.0 mm (7.20 in.) wide, shall be filled with 372 375 mL ofbeads. The bag shall be filled with 372 mL of beads. The bag shall be loosely cinched sewn on allfour sides with heat-resistant thread to keep the beads from spilling out. The mesh bag filled withbeads shall be placed inside the body of the glove.


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recommendation. One change was undertaken (paragraph 8.6.13.1) to correct for a missed globalcomment.

ResponseMessage:


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8.6.13.1 Samples for conditioning shall be whole gloves in size large 76W.

8.6.13.4 The glove body shall then be filled to capacity with nominal 4 mm (1⁄8 in.) sized perforated soda-lime

or borosilicate glass beads in the following manner.

8.13.6.4.1 A total of 51 50 mL of beads shall be evenly distributed into each of the fingers.

8.13.6.4.2* A mesh lightweight bag constructed of 170 g/m2 (5.0 oz/yd2) or less heat resistant material and

measuring 120.5 mm (4.75 in.) high by 183.0 mm (7.20 in.) wide, shall be filled with 372 375 mL of beads. The

bag shall be loosely cinched sewn on all four sides with heat resistant thread to keep the beads from spilling out.

The mesh bag filled with beads shall be placed inside the body of the glove.

8.13.6.4.3 The glass beads shall be at a temperature of 21°C ± 3°C (71°F ± 5°F).

8.13.6.4.4 The opening of the glove shall be clamped together, and the specimen shall be suspended by the

clamp in the oven so that the entire glove is not less than 50 mm (2 in.) from any oven surface and not less than

150 mm (6 in.) from any other specimen, and airflow is parallel to the plane of the material.

8.13.6.4.5 One to three glove specimens shall be placed in the test oven at one time.

8.13.6.4.6 The glove specimens shall be suspended such that each specimen is the same distance from the

airflow source, so that no glove sample is blocking the airflow to other glove samples.

A.8.6.13.4.2 A cotton muslin fabric has been found to be a suitable material for the construction of the

lightweight bag to hold the beads.


8.6.16.4

Specimen face openings shall be placed over a hood measuring device as shown in Figure 8.6.16.4.Specimen face openings in the relaxed state shall slide freely over the top half of the device where thecircumference measures 45.6 cm ± 0.6 cm (18.0 in. ± 0.25 in.). Specimen face openings shall then beplaced around the lower half of the device where the circumference measures 54.5 cm ± 0.6 cm (21.5 in.± 0.25 in.). Specimens shall then be visually inspected for gaps between the hood and the measuringdevice surface.

Figure 8.6.16.4 Hood Measuring Device.




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Figure 8.6.16.4 Hood Measuring Device.

Substantiation: The diagram for the hood opening measuring device found in 8.6.16.4 has the wrong dimensions. The

ones that are critical are correct, but some are not even possible. This revision gives the figure the correct dimensions to

conduct the test.

SR_70_SB_8.6.16.4.docx




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CommitteeStatement:

Dimensions of figure were incorrect and test could not be performed using givendimensions.

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8.6.16.11

Observations of the following shall be recorded and reported: as well as gaps shall be recorded andreported.

(1) The ability of the face opening to slide freely over the top half of the hood measuring device

(2) Gaps between the hood face opening and the bottom half of the hood measuring device before andafter donning and doffing heat exposure shall be recorded and reported.




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Incorrect wording for this test method. Updated to apply to heat resistance testing.

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8.6.18 Specific Requirements for Testing Wristlet Materials.

8.6.18.1

Specimen length shall be 150 mm (6 in.). Specimen width shall be the same as utilized in the clothingitem. Where wristlets are supplied in a tubular configuration, the specimen shall be slit in the lengthwisedirection to provide a single layer.

8.6.18.2

Specimens shall be tested both before and after being subjected to the procedure specified in 8.1.2 .

8.6.18.3

Testing shall be performed as specified in 8.6.2 through 8.6.7 . The optional stretching frame shall notbe utilized.




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: The revised language provides additional clarity to how wristlet materials shall be tested.

Response Message:

Public Comment No. 17-NFPA 1971-2016 [New Section after 8.6.17.5]


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8.7.4 Procedure.

Specimens shall be tested in accordance with ASTM F1060, Standard Test Method for Thermal ProtectivePerformance of Materials for Protective Clothing for Hot Surface Contact, with the following modifications:

(1) Specimens shall be tested using an exposure temperature of 280°C (536°F). The pressure appliedduring the test shall be as specified in 8.7.7 and 8.7.8.

(2) The time in seconds to pain and to second-degree burn and blister, as predicted by the Stoll HumanTissue Burn Tolerance Criteria, shall be recorded.

(3) The section of the apparatus lowering the specimen, sensor, and weighed system shall travel at aconstant rate of speed. The specimen shall be lowered parallel to the hot plate. Therecorder/computer shall be activated automatically by a mechanical or electrical contact when thespecimen contacts the hot plate.

(4) Calibration shall be performed at 280ºC, +3/−0°C. (536°F, +5/−0°F). A calibration media shall beused that generates a 6- to 7-second time to pain value and a 10- to 12-second time to second-degree burn value.







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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: An English unit conversion and tolerance is being added to item 4 under the procedure.

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8.10.5* Procedure.

Thermal protective performance testing shall be performed in accordance with ISO 17492, Clothing forprotection against heat and flame — Determination of heat transmission on exposure to both flame andradiant heat, with the following modifications:

(1) An exposure heat flux of 84 kW/m2 ± 2 kW/m2 (2.0 cal/cm2s ± 0.05 cal/cm2s) shall be used.

(2) The contact configuration shall be used for testing of all material specimens.

(3) The thermal threshold index analysis method shall be used with calculations using the heat flux incalories per square centimeter per second and reported as the TPP rating.

(4) The radiant thermal flux source shall consist of nine 500W T3 translucent (frosted) quartz infraredlamps.

(5) The specimen mounting plate and specimen holding plate shall be stainless steel having a density of

7850 ± 200 kg/m 3 .







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CommitteeStatement:

Adds specifications for the lamps and specimen holder/mounting plates to reflect current practiceand reduce variability between laboratories.

Regarding the Annex language, there has historically been a great deal of confusion regarding thespecific quartz infrared lamps to be used. This confusion stems from the naming convention for thedifferent tube finish types among manufacturers. This language clearly states which tubes arebeing specified in the test method.

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8.13 Burst Strength Test.

8.13.1 Application.

8.13.1.1

This test shall apply to knit materials used in protective garments, hoods, and wristlets.

8.13.1.2

Modifications to the test method for testing hood composites shall be in accordance with 8.13.7 .

8.13.2 Samples.

8.13.2.1

Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.3 prior to testing .

8.13.2.2

Samples for conditioning shall be 1 m2 (1 yd2 ) square of material for knit materials provided in roll form,and 1 m (1 yd) in length for knit materials provided in tubular form.

8.13.3 Specimens.

A total of 10 specimens shall be tested.

8.13.4 Procedure.

Specimens shall be tested as specified in ASTM D6797, Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength ofFabrics Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test.

8.13.5 Report.

The burst strength of each specimen shall be recorded and reported. The average burst strength of allspecimens shall be calculated, recorded, and reported.

8.13.6 Interpretation.

The average burst strength shall be used to determine pass or fail performance.

8.13.7 Specific Requirements for Testing Hood Composites.

8.13.7.1

Samples for conditioning shall be composite specimens that measure 380 mm x 380 mm / ± 6 mm (15in. x 15 in. / ± ¼ in.).

8.13.7.2

Following conditioning, specimens shall be removed from conditioned samples.

8.13.7.3

Hood composite specimens shall be tested to a load limit of 454 N ±11 N (102 lbf ± 2.5 lb) at the statedrate of extension in ASTM D6797, Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Fabrics Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test .

8.13.7.4

The burst force shall not be measured.

8.13.7.5

Upon reaching the load limit, the moving tensile testing machine arm shall be retracted to its startingposition. The hood composite specimen shall be unclamped and removed from the tensile testingmachine.


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8.13.7.6

The removed composite material specimen shall be held to 0.15 m to 0.30 m (6 in. to 12 in.) from aminimum 60-watt incandescent bulb and visually inspected for damage by an individual withuncorrected or corrected 20/20 vision. Any separable layers shall be separated for inspection of theindividual layer(s). Damage of the composite material specimen shall be any observed breakage, crack,tear, hole, or separation of material of any layer used in the construction of the hood material compositespecimen.

8.13.7.7

Any type of observed damage shall be reported for each layer for each hood composite specimen.

8.13.7.8

Any observed damage for any layer of any hood composite specimen shall be cause for failure.



1971_8.13_SR_35_staff_use_only.docx




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CommitteeStatement:

When these requirements were written for the 1997 edition of NFPA 1971, the presumption was thatmaterials used in the construction of hoods were exclusively knit fabrics. At that time, the committeenever intended to exclusively apply strength requirements to knit fabrics only. The proposed changesapply a meaningful strength requirement to all layers used in the construction of hoods. Burststrength testing does not discriminate against the type of fabric as does tensile strength or tearresistance testing and can be applied to any type of fabric. This issue warrants considerationbecause of the addition of particulate barrier requirements for hoods and potentially other parts of theensemble.

Additional test procedures have been added to apply to particulate and other multi-layered barrierhoods that allow for an alternative approach for evaluating hood material that ensure that all hoodlayers retain their integrity following the application of a representative force applied to the hoodduring use.

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8.21.1.2

This test method shall also apply to the CBRN barrier layer used in protective elements when the CBRNbarrier layer is the external layer.




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Committee Statement: This section was missed when the CBRN requirements were removed from the standard.

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8.22.8 Specific Requirements for Testing Proximity Fire Fighting Helmet Faceshield Component Lenses.

The test shall be run for 50 cycles, +1/−0 cycles abrasive disc pad shall be made from 3M Part #7445Hand Pad or equivalent .




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CommitteeStatement:

This revision updates the language based on recent abrasion performance and validationtesting by the proximity faceshield supplier.

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8.24.9 Specific Requirements for Testing Hoods.

8.24.9.1

Samples for conditioning shall include complete hoods with labels.

8.24.9.2

Specimens for testing shall be complete hoods with labels. A total of three specimens shall be tested.

8.24.9.3

Specimens shall be donned on a nonconductive test headform specified in Figure 8.6.12.3.Measurements shall be made at the back and both sides of the hood from the top of the hood to the basicplane. The location of the basic plane on the hood shall be marked at each location.

8.24.9.4

Specimen face openings with elastic or manually adjustable face openings shall be placed over a hoodmeasuring device as shown in Figure 8.6.16.4. Specimen face openings in the relaxed state shall slidefreely over the top half of the device where the circumference measures 45.6 cm ± 0.6 cm (18.0 in. ± 0.25in.). Specimen face openings shall then be placed around the lower half of the device where thecircumference measures 54.5 cm ± 0.6 cm (21.5 in. ± 0.25 in.). Specimens shall then be visuallyinspected for gaps between the hood and the measuring device surface.

8.24.9.4.1

Specimen hoods with SCBA facepiece interface openings shall be measured as specified in 8.47.5.3 .

8.24.9.5

After washing, each specimen elastic or manually adjustable face opening shall be placed over a hoodmeasuring device as shown in Figure 8.6.16.4. Specimen face openings in the relaxed state shall slidefreely over the top half of the device where the circumference measures 45.6 cm ± 0.6 cm (18.0 in. ± 0.25in.). Specimen face openings shall then be placed around the lower half of the device where thecircumference measures 54.5 cm ± 0.6 cm (21.5 in. ± 0.25 in.). Specimens shall then be visuallyinspected for gaps between the hood and the measuring device surface. Specimens shall

8.24.9.5.1

After washing, each hood with SCBA facepiece interface openings shall be measured as specified in8.47.5.3 .

8.24.9.5.2

After washing, all specimens shall then be donned on a nonconductive test headform specified in Figure8.6.12.3. Knit specimens shall be pulled to original dimensions and shall be allowed to relax for 1 minuteprior to measurement. Measurements shall be made from the top of the hood to the marks at the back andboth sides of the hood.

8.24.9.6

Observations shall be recorded and reported of the ability of the elastic and manually adjustable faceopening openings to slide freely over the top half of the hood measuring device as well as gaps betweenthe hood face opening and the bottom half of the hood measuring device before and after laundering. Theaverage percent shrinkage of the SCBA facepiece openings for each hood shall be recorded andreported.

8.24.9.7

Each of the three dimensions from the top of the hood to the marks along the basic plane before and afterlaundering shall be recorded and reported.


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8.24.9.8

The percent percentage of shrinkage of each of the three dimensions from the top of the hood to themarks along the basic plane shall be individually calculated, recorded, and reported.

8.24.9.9*

The average percent percentage of shrinkage of the three dimensions from the top of the hood to themarks along the basic plane for all specimens shall be calculated, recorded, and reported.

8.24.9.10*

Pass or fail performance shall be based on the average percent shrinkage of the three dimensions fromthe top of the hood to the marks along the basic plane for each specimen.

8.24.9.11

Pass or fail performance shall also be based on the elastic or manually adjustable face opening beingable to slide freely in the relaxed state over the top half of the hood measuring device and anyobservations of gaps between the hood face opening and the hood measuring device. One or more hoodspecimens failing this test shall constitute failing performance.

8.24.9.12

Pass or fail performance shall also be based on the average percent shrinkage of the SCBA facepieceopenings.







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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

When the new face opening device was added to the document during the first draft, the SCBAfacepiece opening instructions were inadvertently deleted. This revision adds them back to thedocument.

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8.27.4.1

Liquid penetration resistance testing shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM F903, Standard TestMethod for Resistance of Protective Clothing Materials to Penetration by Liquids, using exposureProcedure C at a test temperature of 21°C, ± 3°C (70°F, ± 5°F) and relative humidity of 65 percent , ± 5percent .




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Established standardized test conditions for this evaluation since chemical penetration anddegradation is affected by differences in temperature and humidity.

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8.27.4.2*

Each of the following liquids shall be tested separately against each test specimen:

(1) Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), 3 percent concentrate

(2) Battery acid (37 percent by weight sulfuric acid to water)

(3) Fire-resistant hydraulic fluid, phosphate ester base, containing at least 50 to 80 percent tributylphosphate [CAS No. 126-73-8]

(4) Surrogate gasoline fuel C as a 45/45/10 percent by volume of toluene, iso-octane, and ethanol,respectively Fuel H as defined in ASTM D471, Standard Test Method for Rubber Property–Effect ofLiquids , consisting of 42.5% toluene, 42.5% iso-octane, and 15% ethanol, by volume, respectively.

(5) Swimming pool chlorinating chemical containing at least 65 percent-free chlorine (saturated solution)

(6) Automobile antifreeze fluid (ethylene glycol, 90 percent by weight or higher concentration)







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CommitteeStatement:

The proposed changes provide sufficient detail for the consistent specification and application ofthe test chemicals. The CAS number is sufficient to ensure that the proper hydraulic fluid is usedfor testing.

Additional language is provided to justify the chemical battery used for liquid penetrationresistance testing.

ResponseMessage:



Public Comment No. 47-NFPA 1971-2016 [New Section after A.8.24.9.10]


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8.34.4.2*

A mechanical chin structure shall be designed for use with a calibrated tensile test machine. Themechanical chin structure shall consist of two rollers 13 mm (1⁄2 in.) in diameter with centers that are 75mm (3 in.) apart. The mechanical chin structure shall conform to Figure 8.34.4.2(a) , Figure 8.34.4.2(b) ,and Figure 8.34.4.2(c) .

Figure 8.34.4.2(a) Retention Test Fixture.

Figure 8.34.4.2(b) Retention Test Setup 1.

Figure 8.34.4.2(c) Retention Test Setup 2.



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1971_8.34.4.2_SR_53_new_annex.docx




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Submittal Date: Thu Jul 07 10:40:20 EDT 2016

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The current figures describing the retention test fixture are incorrect in that they do notillustrate the

test setup using the required headform. Also – the setup is extremely detailed with aspecific

configuration and dimensions where other setups would be appropriate for use. Proposedlanguage

maintains the critical parameters for conducting the test as mandatory, while shifting thecurrent

mandatory figures to the Annex as one acceptable configuration for the performance of thetest.

Also, a new photo is added showing the correct test configuration with the headform.

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SR 53, 8.34.4.2

New annex material

A.8.34.4.2 Figure A.8.34.4.2 represents an example of an appropriate

Retention Test Fixture. Other appropriate test fixtures may be used.

Figure A.8.34.4.2


8.35.5.3

Each attachment point of the crown strap shall be tested by applying a pull force along the centerline ofthe suspension strap, perpendicular to the reference plane to a maximum load of 45 N ± 5 N (10 lbf ± 1lbf). The force shall be increased from 0 N to 45 N ± 5 N (0 lbf to 10 lbf ± 1 lbf), at a load rate of 25mm/min ± 5 mm/min (1 in./min ± 3⁄16 in./min). The entire width of the suspension strap shall be mountedwithin the movable jaw grip.




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CommitteeStatement:

The additional language provides clarity to attempt to limit the application of forces to thestrap in an unintended manner.

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8.43.4.1*

The shell retention test fixtures shall consist of rigid material of sufficient thickness to facilitate firmattachment of the helmet shell while attached to the chinstrap tensile testing machine specified in8.35.4.1.



1971_A.8.43.4.1_SR_54.docx




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CommitteeStatement:

The current figures describing the retention test fixture are actually describing the shell retentiontest. This will place the figures in the Annex as an example of an appropriate fixture. Also correctsthe paragraph reference to the tensile test machine.

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SR 54, A.8.43.4.1

A.8.43.4.1 The following diagrams represent an example of an appropriate Retention Test Fixture. Other appropriate test fixtures may be used. A.8.43.4.1(a) Shell Retention Test Fixture Previously Figure 8.34.4.2(a)

A.8.43.4.1(b) Shell Retention Test Setup 1 Previously Figure 8.34.4.2(b)

A.8.43.4.1(c) Shell Retention Test Setup 2 Previously Figure 8.34.4.2(c)


8.45.4.3 Rainfall Test.

8.45.4.3.1

Specimens of trim shall be tested when wet for retroreflectivity at a rate of 110 mm/hr (45⁄16 in./hr) asspecified in Appendix A, “Method of Measuring Wet Performance of Retroreflective Material,” ofANSI/ISEA 107, American National Standard for High- Visibility Safety Apparel andHeadwear Accessories .

8.45.4.3.2

The coefficient of retroreflectivity (Ra) shall be measured as specified in 8.45.4.1, 2 minutes ± 15

seconds, after the rainfall exposure has been started.




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CommitteeStatement:

The title of ANSI/ISEA 107 has been updated, therefore the reference also needs to beupdated in the standard.

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8.46 Adhesion of Reflective Coating on Proximity Faceshield — Tape Method.

8.46.1 Application.

8.46.1.1

This test method shall apply to proximity fire fighting protective faceshields.

8.46.1.2

This test shall apply only to coated materials of the noted element components.

8.46.2 Samples.

The samples shall be complete proximity faceshields or reflective coated faceshield material.

8.46.3 Specimens.

The specimens shall be the same as the samples specified in 8.46.2 .

8.46.3.1

A minimum of two proximity faceshield component lenses shall be selected.

8.46.3.2

Five specimens shall be chosen from a minimum of two lenses. Two specimens shall be taken from theleft viewing area and three specimens shall be taken from the right viewing area. One of the threespecimens taken from the right viewing area shall be used as the setup sample.

8.46.3.3

The tensile-testing machine All test specimens shall be as described in ASTM D5034 D3359 , StandardTest Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test) Measuring Adhesion byTape Test Method B — Cross-Cut Tape Test , shall be used with the modification that all machineattachments for determining maximum load shall be disengaged, .

8.46.4 Apparatus.

The proximity faceshield adhesion test apparatus and the speed of the pulling clamp shall be 505mm/min (20 in./min) equipment shall be in accordance with ASTM D3359, Method B — Cross-Cut TapeTest .

8.46.4.1

The proximity faceshield adhesion test apparatus and equipment shall be in accordance with ASTMD3359, Method B — Cross-Cut Tape Test.

8.46.4.2

Five 50 mm × 100 mm (2 in. × 4 in.) steel plates conforming to Class 301 or Class 304 of ASTM A666,Standard Specification for Annealed or Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, andFlat Bar , which have been polished to a No. 4 finish, shall be used.

8.46.4.3

A 38 mm (1 1 ⁄2 in.) wide steel roller weighing 4.53 kg ± 0.06 kg (10 lb ± 2 oz) shall be used.

8.46.4.4

A pressure sensitive tape used for testing the adhesion of the coating or the laminate shall be used andshall have the required adhesion value specified in 8.55.4.6.11 .

8.46.4.5

Candidate pressure sensitive tapes, for potential use in testing the adhesion of coatings or laminates,shall have the adhesion value of the candidate tapes be determined by the procedure specified in8.55.4.6.12 .


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8.46.4.6 Procedure for Determining Adhesion Value of Candidate Pressure Sensitive Tapes.

8.46.4.6.1

The equipment specified in 8.55.4.1 , 8.55.4.2 , and 8.55.4.3 shall be used in the procedure foradhesion value determination.

8.46.4.6.2

Prior to each adhesion value determination procedure, the steel plates specified in 8.55.4.2 shall bethoroughly cleaned with diacetone alcohol, methyl alcohol, or methyl ethyl ketone, using a clean piece oflint-free wiping tissue.

8.46.4.6.3

Five specimens from the same production batch of each candidate pressure sensitive tape shall betested. Each candidate tape specimen shall measure 25 mm × 200 mm (1 in. × 8 in.).

8.46.4.6.4

Each of the five tape specimens of one candidate tape sample, specified in 8.55.4.6.3 , shall beapplied to the clean surface of each of the five steel plates, specified in 8.55.4.2 , so that it covers theentire length of the plate and extends 100 mm (4 in.) beyond one end of the plate.

8.46.4.6.5

Each candidate tape specimen shall be pressed down by passing the roller, specified in 8.55.4.3 , overthe tape six times, three times in each direction.

8.46.4.6.6

The free end of the candidate tape specimen shall be doubled back over the specimen 180 degrees,and 25 mm (1 in.) of the tape shall be peeled off the plate.

8.46.4.6.7

Each plate, with the candidate tape specimen affixed, shall be tested separately for adhesion valuedetermination.

8.46.4.6.8

The plate shall be inserted and clamped in the bottom jaw of the tensile-testing machine, specified in8.55.4.1 , with the free end of the candidate tape specimen oriented downward.

8.46.4.6.9

The free end of the candidate tape specimen shall be looped upward and inserted and clamped in theupper jaw so as to peel the tape specimen from the plate when the jaw motion is started.

8.46.4.6.10

The minimum tension required to remove the remainder of the candidate tape specimen from the steelplate, excluding the final 25 mm (1 in.), shall be recorded by an autographic recording device.

8.46.4.6.11

The recorded minimum tension value of the candidate tape specimen shall be the adhesion value.

8.46.4.6.12

All five specimens of the candidate tape shall have an adhesion value of not less than 4.8 N/cm (2 3 ⁄4lb/in.) width and not more than 6.2 N/cm (3 1 ⁄2 lb/in.) width for the pressure sensitive tape to beselected for use in testing the adhesion of the coating.

8.46.5 Procedure.

8.46.5.1

A razor cut design shall be placed no closer than 25 mm (1 in.) from any edge of the sample, specified in8.46 , of each of the five specimens. The cut design shall be a 50 mm × 50 mm (2 in. × 2 in.)crosshatched design. Each razor cut shall be 3.2 mm ( 1 ⁄8 in.) apart, creating 3.2 mm ( 1 ⁄8 in.) boxes.The cuts shall be made with a sharp razor blade through the reflective coating.

The proximity faceshield adhesion test procedure shall be in accordance with ASTM D3359, Method B— Cross-Cut Tape Test .


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8.46.5.2

Five 25 mm × 200 mm (1 in. × 8 in.) pieces of pressure sensitive tape, taken from a lot of material thathas qualified for use in testing the adhesion of coatings by the procedure specified in 8.46.4.6 , shall beused for adhesion testing.

Adhesion value of the tape shall be determined in accordance with 8.54.4.6 .

8.46.5.3

One piece of the pressure sensitive tape, specified in 8.46.5.2 , shall be used for each of thespecimens.

8.46.5.4

The pressure sensitive tape shall be applied to the specimens so that it is centered over the cutsspecified in 8.46.5.3 and extends 50 mm (2 in.) beyond one end of the last cut.

8.46.5.5

The pressure sensitive tape shall be pressed onto the specimen by passing the roller over the specimensix times, three times in each direction.

8.46.5.6

A free end of the pressure sensitive tape shall be doubled back over the specimen 180 degrees, and 25mm (1 in.) of the pressure sensitive tape shall be peeled off the specimen.

8.46.5.7

The free end of the tape shall be pulled upward, peeling the pressure sensitive tape from the specimen.

8.46.5.8

Following removal of the pressure sensitive tape, the tape and specimen shall be visually examined forcompliance.

8.46.6 Report.

Evidence of any particulate on the pressure sensitive tape adhesive from the coating shall be recordedand reported.

8.46.6 Report.

The proximity faceshield report shall be in accordance with ASTM D3359, Method B — Cross-Cut TapeTest .


A moderate amount The failure of specks on any one specimen to the pressure sensitive tape adhesivefrom the coating number 2B classification of ASTM D3359 , Method B — Cross-Cut Tape Test , shallconstitute failure of the test .

8.46.7.1

A moderate amount of specks on the pressure sensitive tape adhesive from the coating shall constitutefailure.

8.46.7.2

The failure of any one specimen shall constitute failure of the test.







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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Altered test and test method based on recent testing results.

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8.47 Hood Opening Size Retention Test.

8.47.1 Application.

8.47.1.1

This test shall apply to the face openings or SCBA facepiece interface openings of protective hoods.

8.47.1.2

Protective hoods with either elastic face openings or manually adjustable face openings shall be tested bythe procedure specified in 8.47.4.

8.47.1.3

Protective hoods designed for interface with a SCBA facepiece(s) shall be tested by the procedurespecified in 8.47.5.

8.47.2 Samples.

8.47.2.1

Samples for conditioning shall be whole hoods.

8.47.2.2

Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.3.

8.47.3 Specimens.

A minimum of three whole hoods shall be tested.

8.47.4 Procedure for Hoods with Elastic or Manually Adjustable Face Openings.

8.47.4.1

The hood shall be laid on a flat surface with the face opening facing up.

8.47.4.1

Specimen face openings shall be placed over a hood measuring device as shown in Figure 8.6.16.4.Specimen face openings in the relaxed state shall slide freely over the top half of the device where thecircumference measures 45.6 cm ± 0.6 cm (18.0 in. ± 0.25 in.). Specimen face openings shall then beplaced around the lower half of the device where the circumference measures 54.5 cm ± 0.6 cm (21.5 in.±0.25 in.). Specimens shall then be visually inspected for gaps between the hood and the measuringdevice surface.


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8.47.4.2

The hood shall be positioned on the ISO size J headform specified in Figure 8.16.4.1 so that the hood isaround the neck area of the headform with the neck and head area of the headform protruding throughthe face opening of the hood. The hood shall then be donned and doffed for 50 cycles, passing the hoodface opening up and over the headform to cover the head, forehead, sides of face, chin, and neck eachtime and then passing the hood back down over the headform to the starting area around the neck.Hoods with manually adjustable face openings shall have the face opening adjusted during each cycle,once after donning and again before doffing. Upper and lower half drum mounting fixtures shown inFigure 8.47.4.2 shall be mounted on a tensile testing machine.

Figure 8.47.4.2 Upper and Lower Half Drum Mounting Fixtures.

8.47.4.3

A 115 mm (2 1 ⁄8 in.) gauge length separation shall be set between half drum fixtures on the tensiletesting machine.

8.47.4.4

Place the hood specimen on the half drum fixtures such that the face opening expands around theupper and lower drums and the bottom of the hood drapes downward as shown in Figure 8.47.4.4 .The opening shall be placed beyond the lips on the edge of the half drum fixtures to keep it in positionduring the testing.

Figure 8.47.4.4 Hood Face Opening Gauge.

8.47.4.5

The elongation of the tensile testing machine shall be started at an elongation of 508 mm/min (20in./min).

8.47.4.6

The crosshead movement of the hood specimen on the drum fixtures shall be stopped after a totalmovement of 89 mm (6.5 in.) and returned to the zero position of 115 mm (2 1 ⁄8 in.) gauge separation.

8.47.4.7

The hood specimen shall elongated and returned to the zero position a total of 50 times.


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8.47.4.8

Following the 50 cycles, the hood shall be removed from the headform, and the hood shall be allowed torelax for 1 minute.

8.47.4.9

Specimens shall be examined as described in 8.47.4.1 8.47.4.18.47.4.1 8.47.4.2 8.47.4.1 .

8.47.5 Procedure for Hoods with SCBA Facepiece Interface Openings.

8.47.5.1

The SCBA facepiece that the hood is designed to interface with shall be properly mounted, according tothe SCBA manufacturer's instructions, on an ISO size J headform specified in Figure 8.16.4.1.

8.47.5.2

The hood shall then be donned on the headform, placing it over the SCBA facepiece.

8.47.5.3

The contact surface of the hood face opening with the SCBA facepiece shall be measured at a minimumof eight separate locations around the entire perimeter of the face opening contact area. The locations ofmeasurement shall be marked on the hood.

8.47.5.4

With the SCBA facepiece in place, the hood shall then be positioned so that the hood is around the neckarea of the headform with the neck and head area of the headform protruding through the face opening ofthe hood. The hood shall then be donned and doffed for 50 cycles, passing the hood face opening up andover the headform to cover the head and to contact the SCBA facepiece around the entire perimeter ofthe face opening contact area each time, and then passing the hood back down over the headform to thestarting area around the neck. Where such hoods are designed to be manually adjustable around thehood face opening/SCBA facepiece interface area, the manual adjustment shall be made during eachcycle, once after donning and again before doffing. Upper and lower half drum mounting fixtures shown inFigure 8.47.4.2 shall be mounted on a tensile testing machine.

8.47.5.5

A 115 mm (2 1 ⁄8 in.) gauge length separation shall be set between half drum fixtures on the tensiletesting machine.

8.47.5.6

Place the hood specimen on the half drum fixtures such that the face opening expands around theupper and lower drums and the bottom of the hood drapes downward as shown in Figure 8.47.4.4 .The opening shall be placed beyond the lips on the edge of the half drum fixtures to keep it in positionduring the testing. Where the hood is designed to be manually adjustable around the hood faceopening/SCBA facepiece interface area, the manual adjustment shall be made prior to commencing theelongation.

8.47.5.7

The elongation of the tensile testing machine shall be started at an elongation of 508 mm/min (20in./min).

8.47.5.8

The crosshead movement of the hood specimen on the drum fixtures shall be stopped after a totalmovement of 89 mm (6.5 in.) and returned to a to the zero position of 115 mm (2 1 ⁄8 in.) gaugeseparation.

8.47.5.9

The hood specimen shall be elongated and returned to the zero position a total of 50 times. Where thehood is designed to be manually adjustable around the hood face opening/SCBA facepiece interfacearea, the manual adjustment shall be opened and secured between each cycle.

8.47.5.10

Following the 50 cycles, the hood shall be removed from the headform, and the hood shall be allowed torelax for 1 minute.


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8.47.5.11

The hood shall then be donned on the headform, placing it over the SCBA facepiece.

8.47.5.12

The contact surface of the hood face opening with the SCBA facepiece shall be measured at the samelocations marked around the entire perimeter of the face opening contact area specified in 8.47.5.3.

8.47.5.13

The amount of overlap shall be measured.

8.47.6 Report for Hoods with Elastic or Manually Adjustable Face Openings.

8.47.6.1

Observations shall be recorded and reported of the ability of the face opening to slide freely over the tophalf of the hood measuring device and of gaps between the hood face opening and the bottom half of thehood measuring device before and after donning and doffing shall be recorded and reported .

8.47.6.2

The percent retention of each hood face opening dimensions shall be recorded and reported.

8.47.6.3

The average percent retention of all hood face opening dimensions for each specimen shall becalculated, recorded, and reported.

8.47.7 Report for Hoods with SCBA Facepiece Interface Openings.

8.47.7.1

The amount of overlap shall be recorded and reported for each location.

8.47.7.2

The average amount of overlap shall be recorded and reported for each specimen.

8.47.8 Interpretation for Hoods with Elastic or Manually Adjustable Face Openings.

8.47.8.1

Pass or fail performance shall be based on the individual face opening openings being able to slide freelyin the relaxed state over the top half of the hood measuring device and any observations of gaps betweenthe hood face opening and the hood measuring device before and after donning and doffing .

8.47.9 Interpretation for Hoods with SCBA Facepiece Interface Openings.

Pass or fail performance shall be based on the average amount of overlap for each specimen. One ormore hood specimens failing this test shall constitute failing performance.







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Submittal Date: Fri Jul 08 09:04:18 EDT 2016

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CommitteeStatement:

Adding clarification to the test method to ensure observations are taken before and afterdonning.

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8.48 Whole Garment and Ensemble Liquid Penetration Test.

8.48.1 Application.

8.48.1.1

This test method shall apply to protective garments, protective coats with an integrated garment-gloveinterface, protective trousers with integrated booties, and entire ensembles that are being evaluated forthe optional liquid and particulate contaminant protection.

8.48.1.2

Modifications to this test method for testing protective coats and protective coats with an integratedgarment-glove interface shall be as specified in 8.48.9.

8.48.1.3

Modifications to this test method for testing protective trousers and protective trousers with integratedbooties shall be as specified in 8.48.10.

8.48.1.4

Modifications to this test method for testing protective coat and trouser sets or protective coveralls shall beas specified in 8.48.11.

8.48.1.5

Modifications to this test method for testing proximity fire fighting ensemble garment elements shall be asspecified in 8.48.12.

8.48.1.6

Modifications to this test method for testing entire ensembles for optional liquid and particulatecontaminant protection shall be as specified in 8.48.13.

8.48.2 Samples.

8.48.2.1

Samples shall be complete garments or ensemble elements.

8.48.2.2

Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.3.

8.48.3 Specimens.

8.48.3.1

A minimum of three specimens shall be tested. Specimens shall consist of individual coats, trousers, orcoverall elements; sets of coats and trousers elements, or entire ensembles for liquid and particulatecontaminant protection. Each element shall have in place all layers that are required for the element to becompliant.

8.48.3.2

The size of the elements comprising the specimens shall be chosen to conform with the dimensions of themannequin manikin for proper fit of the specimen on the mannequin manikin in accordance with themanufacturer's sizing system. The size of the elements comprising the specimen shall be the same sizeas the mannequin manikin in terms of chest circumference, waist circumference, and inseam height.

8.48.3.3

Specimens to be tested shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.3.


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8.48.3.4

A minimum of three specimens shall be tested. Specimens shall consist of individual coats, trousers,coveralls, sets of coats and trousers, or overall ensembles as addressed in 8.48.11 . Each elementshall have in place all layers that are required for the element to be compliant.

8.48.3.5

The size of the elements comprising the specimens shall be chosen to conform with the dimensions ofthe mannequin for proper fit of the specimen on the mannequin in accordance with the manufacturer'ssizing system. The size of the elements comprising the specimen shall be the same size as themannequin in terms of chest circumference, waist circumference, and inseam height.

8.48.4 Sample Preparation.

8.48.4.1

Specimens to be tested shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.3.

8.48.4.2

Samples to be conditioned shall be complete garments.

8.48.5 Apparatus.

The apparatus and supplies for testing shall be those specified in ASTM F1359/F1359M , Standard TestMethod for Liquid Penetration Resistance of Protective Clothing or Protective Ensembles Under a ShowerSpray While on a Mannequin Manikin , with the following modifications:

(1) The surface tension of the water used in testing shall be 35 dynes/cm ± 5 dynes/cm.

(2)

8.48.6 Procedure.

Liquid penetration testing of garments shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM F1359/F1359M ,Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of Protective Clothing or Protective EnsemblesUnder a Shower Spray While on a Mannequin Manikin , with the following modifications:

(1) Procedure B shall be used with an overall exposure period of 8 10 minutes with 2.5 minutes in eachof the four orientations.

(2) Blocking of the specimen shall be as specified in 8.48.8, 8.48.9, and 8.48.10, as appropriate, for thetype of specimen being tested.

(3) The method used for mounting of the mannequin manikin in the spray chamber shall not interferewith the water spray.

(4) The normal outer surface of the material shall be exposed to the liquid as oriented in the clothingitem.

(5) Fluorescent or visible dyes shall not be used in the water for spraying the suited mannequin manikin .

(6) The manikin shall be positioned so that the manikin body is in a full vertical orientation with themanikin head looking forward, manikin legs straight, and manikin arms pointing downward by thesides of the manikin torso. The manikin joints shall be tightened to ensure that the manikin maintainsthis position during testing.

8.48.7* Report.

A diagram shall be prepared for each test that identifies the locations of any liquid leakage as detected onthe liquid-absorptive garment.


8.48.8.1

Any evidence of liquid on the liquid-absorptive garment, as determined by visual, tactile, or absorbenttoweling, shall constitute failure of the specimen.

* The mannequin manikin used in testing shall be fully upright and shall have straight arms and legswith the arms positioned at the mannequin's manikin’s side.


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8.48.8.2

In determining the compliance of the specific garments or ensemble being evaluated, one of the threespecimens shall be permitted to display leakage on the liquid-absorptive garment of an area that is

collectively not greater than 20 cm2 (3.1 in.2).

8.48.9 Specific Requirements for Testing Coats and Coats with an Integrated Garment-Glove Interface.

8.48.9.1

The liquid-absorptive garment shall only cover the upper torso and arms of the mannequin manikin fromthe middle of the mannequin's manikin’s neck, down to the mannequin's manikin’s waistline, and down tothe mannequin's manikin’s wrist crease.

8.48.9.2

The coat shall be donned on the mannequin manikin in accordance with the manufacturer's instructionsfor proper wearing.

8.48.9.3

The coat collar shall be placed in the up position on the mannequin manikin with the collar closure systemfastened in the closed position. The head of the mannequin manikin shall be sealed off with a plastic bag.The plastic bag shall extend downward over the collar a distance of not greater than 25 mm (1 in.) andshall be taped down using duct tape or similar waterproof tape. The tape shall not extend downward morethan 75 mm (3 in.) from the top of the collar. The bottom edge of the tape and the plastic bag shall notcome closer than 25 mm (1 in.) of the collar seam where a collar seam is present. Where present, thecollar neck seam shall not be covered.

8.48.9.4

The test shall be conducted with the mannequin's manikin’s hands removed. The coat sleeve hem shallbe taped smoothly to a can or an object of similar cylindrical, rigid shape of the same nominal diameter asthe sleeve opening. The can or cylindrical object shall be fitted over the wristlet and under the coat coat’souter shell sleeve hem. The tape shall be duct tape or similar waterproof tape.

8.48.9.4.1

Where garments are supplied with an integrated garment-glove interface, the mannequin's manikin’shands shall not be removed. The garment-glove combination shall be donned on the mannequin manikinin accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for proper wearing.

8.48.9.5

The coat shall be tested in conjunction with the protective trousers specified by the manufacturer, evenwhere the trousers are not being specifically evaluated by in this test.

8.48.10 Specific Requirements for Testing Trousers.

8.48.10.1

The liquid-absorptive garment shall only cover only the lower torso and legs of the mannequin manikinfrom the mannequin's manikin’s waistline down to the mannequin's manikin’s ankles.

8.48.10.2

The trousers shall be donned on the mannequin manikin in accordance with the manufacturer'sinstructions for proper wearing.

8.48.10.3

Trousers shall be tested in conjunction with the protective coat specified by the manufacturer, even wherethe coat is not being specifically evaluated by in this test.

8.48.10.4

Absorbent toweling or similar material shall be placed underneath the mannequin manikin in order toprevent water splashing up inside the trouser leg.

8.48.10.5

Where trousers are provided with integrated booties, outer footwear specified to be worn with the bootiesshall be donned on the mannequin manikin in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for properwearing.


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8.48.11 Specific Requirements for Testing Coveralls.

8.48.11.1

The liquid-absorptive garment shall only cover the torso, arms, and legs of the mannequin manikin fromthe middle of the mannequin's manikin’s neck, down to the mannequin's manikin’s wrist crease, anddown to 200 mm (8 in.) above the bottom of the heel.

8.48.11.2

The coverall or set of coat and trousers shall be donned on the mannequin manikin in accordance withthe manufacturer's instructions for proper wearing.

8.48.11.3

The coat collar shall be placed in the up position on the mannequin manikin with the collar closure systemfastened in the closed position. The head of the mannequin manikin shall be sealed off with a plastic bag.The plastic bag shall extend downward over the collar a distance of not greater than 25 mm (1 in.) andshall be taped down using duct tape or similar waterproof tape. The tape shall not extend downward morethan 75 mm (3 in.) from the top of the collar. The collar neck seam shall not be covered.

8.48.11.4

The test shall be conducted with the mannequin’s manikin’s hands removed. The knit wristlet shall betucked up inside the sleeve to prevent the water from absorbing into the wristlet.

8.48.11.4.1

Where garments are supplied with an integrated garment-glove interface, the mannequin’s manikin’shands shall not be removed. The garment-glove combination shall be donned on the mannequin manikinin accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for proper wearing.

8.48.11.5

Absorbent toweling or similar material shall be placed underneath the mannequin manikin in order toprevent water splashing up inside the trouser leg.

8.48.11.6

Where trousers are provided with integrated booties, outer footwear specified to be worn with the bootiesshall be donned on the mannequin manikin in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for properwearing.

8.48.12 Specific Requirements for Testing Proximity Fire Fighting Ensemble Garment Elements.

8.48.12.1

Garment element specimens shall be complete proximity fire fighting protective coats, protective trousers,or protective coveralls.

8.48.12.2

Specimens shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.3.

8.48.12.3

Where the proximity fire fighting garment design has passed the liquid penetration requirements specifiedfor structural fire fighting garments and the only change to the proximity garment is from a structuralgarment outer shell to a proximity garment outer shell, at least one specimen shall be tested.

8.48.12.4

Where the proximity fire fighting garment design has not been tested for structural fire fighting garmentliquid penetration requirements, then a minimum of three specimens shall be tested.

8.48.13 Specific Requirements for Testing Ensembles for Optional Liquid and Particulate ContaminantProtection.

8.48.13.1

Specimens for testing shall consist of liquid and particulate contaminant protective ensembles, includingthe garment, helmet, glove, and footwear elements, and the SCBA specified for the ensemble by theensemble manufacturer. The hood interface component shall also be tested where the hood is not part ofthe liquid and particulate contaminant protective ensemble garment elements.


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8.48.13.2

A total of three different ensemble specimens shall be evaluated.

8.48.13.3

Garment, glove, and hood elements shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.11.

8.48.13.4

Where the ensemble garment element does not include booties, footwear shall be conditioned by flexingfor 100,000 cycles in accordance with Appendix B of FIA 1209, Whole Shoe Flex, with the followingmodifications:

(1) Water shall not be used.

(2) The flex speed shall be 60 cycles per minute, ± 2 cycles per minute.

8.48.13.4.1

Alternative flexing equipment shall be permitted to be used when the flexing equipment meets thefollowing parameters:

(1) The alternative flexing equipment shall be capable of providing Provides the angle of flex asdescribed in FIA 1209.

(2) The alternative flexing equipment shall be capable of providing Capable of a flex speed of 60 cyclesper minute, ± 2 cycles per minute.

(3) The alternative flexing equipment shall be capable of providing Provides a means of securing thefootwear during flexing.

8.48.13.5

The liquid-absorptive garment shall be a hooded coverall made of fabric meeting the requirementsspecified in ASTM F1359/F1359M , Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of ProtectiveClothing or Protective Ensembles Under a Shower Spray While on a Mannequin. The liquid-absorptivegarment shall not interfere with the correct wearing of the ensemble. In addition to the liquid-absorptivegarment, the mannequin's manikin’s hands shall be covered with suitably sized, 100 percent cottongloves and the mannequin's manikin’s feet covered with suitably sized, 100 percent cotton socks.

8.48.13.6

Specimens provided in 8.48.13.1 shall be donned on the mannequin manikin in accordance withmanufacturer's specifications.

8.48.13.7

The taping, blockage, coverage, or provision of absorbent toweling of or to any part of any interface orelement on the ensemble shall not be permitted.

8.48.13.8

The mannequin manikin with ensemble in place shall be evaluated using Procedure A as specified inASTM F1359/F1359M , Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of Protective Clothing orProtective Ensembles Under a Shower Spray While on a Mannequin, and exposed to the liquid spray 5minutes in each of the four mannequin manikin orientations for a total of 20 minutes.

8.48.13.9

Following the test, the liquid-absorptive garment, inner cotton gloves, and inner cotton socks worn on themannequin manikin shall be inspected to determine evidence of liquid leakage.






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A substantial research project was undertaken to examine deficiencies in the liquid integrity test as itis applied to various protective ensembles used by first responders, including structural firefightingprotective clothing. This project was supported by a government sponsor and included a detailedinvestigation of the various factors that affect liquid integrity evaluations of different protectivegarments and ensembles. The study included the review of specific test problems, simulated fieldexposures, a failure modes and hazard assessment, and the development of new techniques andspecifications for improving precision of the test method. As a result of this work, a new shower sprayconfiguration was developed to provide a more suitable exposure of structural firefighting protectiveclothing that focuses on the specific areas that could result in liquid leakage through the garment. Thenew configuration consists of three shower nozzles positioned on a pole perpendicular to the suitedmanikin with nozzles located at a top, central, and lower position on the pole directed to specifictargets on the manikin. Additional developments were made in the test method equipment andprocedures that consist of a standardized manikin, new liquid absorbent garment specification, andspecific adjustments in the procedures to afford greater consistency in how the testing is performed. Inaddition, it was recommended that a shortened exposure period be undertaken for each of the fourmanikin orientations with respect to the shower nozzles to account for the fact that many false positiveresults occur due to wicking from extended exposure times. A limited round robin between threelaboratories showed relatively good agreement in the types of results and interpretations provided byeach participating laboratory.

The majority of these changes are included in a new edition of ASTM F1359 that was approved inFebruary 2016. Changes in the second revisions reflect additional small adjustments to originallyproposed test method including making the test exposure times consistent with the conditions used inthe interlaboratory testing; and other small editorial changes.

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8.55.6 Report.

8.55.6.1

Evidence of any cracking on the face shall be recorded and reported.

8.55.6.1

Evidence of any delamination shall be recorded and reported.

8.55.6.2

Evidence of any particulate on the pressure sensitive tape adhesive from the coating shall be recordedand reported.


8.55.7.1

A moderate amount number of specks on the pressure sensitive tape adhesive from the coating shall notconstitute failure.

8.55.7.2

A greater than moderate amount Evidence of specks separation , or particulate larger than speckson removal of the pressure sensitive tape adhesive from the surface coating shall constitute a failure.

8.55.7.2

Exposure of adhesive beneath a laminate layer shall constitute failure.

8.55.7.3

The failure of any one specimen shall constitute failure of the test.







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Aligns Chapter 7 performance requirement with the interpretation of the Chapter 8 testmethod.

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8.66 Particle Inward Leakage Test.

8.66.1 Application.

This test shall apply to liquid and particulate protective ensembles.

8.66.2 Samples.

8.66.2.1

Samples shall consist of liquid and particulate protective ensembles, including the ensemble garment,helmet, glove, and footwear elements, and the SCBA specified for the ensemble by the ensemblemanufacturer. The hood interface component shall also be tested where the hood is not part of the liquidand particulate protective ensemble garment elements.

8.66.2.2

The ensemble shall be tested with each style of the SCBA specified by the manufacturer.

8.66.2.3

Garment, glove, and hood elements shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.11.

8.66.2.4

Where the ensemble garment element does not include attached booties, the footwear, including aremovable CBRN barrier layer where present, shall be conditioned by flexing for 100,000 cycles inaccordance with Appendix B of FIA 1209, Whole Shoe Flex, with the following modifications:

(1) Water shall not be used.

(2) The flex speed shall be 60 cycles/min ± 2 cycles/min.

(3) Alternative flexing equipment shall be permitted to be used when the flexing equipment meets thefollowing parameters:

(a) The alternative flexing equipment shall be capable of providing the angle of flex as described inFIA 1209.

(b) The alternative flexing equipment shall be capable of a flex speed of 60 cycles/min ± 2cycles/min.

(c) The alternative flexing equipment shall provide a means of securing the footwear during flexing.

8.66.2.5

Samples shall be conditioned at 21°C ± 6°C (70°F ± 11°F) and 50 percent ± 30 percent relative humidityfor at least 4 hours.

8.66.3 Specimens.

8.66.3.1

Specimens shall consist of the garment, helmet, glove, and footwear elements, and the respiratorspecified for the ensemble by the ensemble manufacturer. The hood interface component shall also betested where the hood is not part of the liquid and particulate protective ensemble garment elements.

8.66.3.2

A minimum of three specimens shall be tested.

8.66.3.3

Specimens shall be provided to fit or be adjustable to fit the selected test subjects in accordance with themanufacturer’s sizing provisions that are specific to each ensemble.


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SR 59, A.8.66

Annex changes associated with 8.66

A.8.66.3.3

SCBA and some styles of footwear are likely to be acceptable after

washing and 3 weeks in a ventilated space. Some items such as

gloves and garments might not be easily decontaminated.

4.8

The Super-High-Intensity Lamp, Model SB-100P with Flood Bulb

from Spectroline® or equivalent has been found suitable for use to

meet the black light specifications.

A.8.66.5.3

Areas of the indicator garment are masked to provide an additional

means of evaluating leakage. The removal of the masked areas

following testing allows for uncontaminated areas for comparison

purposes. Using inappropriate materials for masking can affect the

indicator garment by tearing, leaving residue, skewing black light

visual analysis, and so forth.

A.8.66.5.8

Procedure A of ASTM F1154, Standard Practice for Qualitatively

Evaluating the Comfort, Fit, Function, and Integrity of Chemical

Protective Suit Ensembles, is modified by excluding the crawling

and kneeling activities. The Particulate Inward Leakage Test was

not intended to include mechanical action or contact as part of the

test method; therefore, the crawling and kneeling activities were not

included and rest periods are completed in a standing position.

A.8.66.5.11.1 13

The super-high intensity lamp Model SB-100P with flood bulb from

Spectroline®, or equivalent, has been found suitable for use to meet

the black light specifications.

8.66.3.4

None of the ensembles or components of the ensemble to be tested shall have been previously subjectedto particle inward leakage testing unless it can be demonstrated that the ensemble or components arefree of contamination.

8.66.4 Apparatus.

8.66.4.1

The test shall be conducted in a chamber large enough to conduct testing on at least one test subject.

8.66.4.2

The test chamber shall have a system capable of providing a stable, uniform airflow directed at the testsubject.

8.66.4.3

The test chamber shall prevent significant aerosol contact with any areas of the facility not intended asexposure areas, to prevent contamination.

8.66.4.4

The test chamber shall have an aerosol generator capable of maintaining the aerosol mass concentrationas specified in the procedure.

8.66.4.5

The test facility shall have separate garment storage, donning, doffing, and control room areas to preventcontamination. The challenge aerosol shall be a combination of amorphous silica, 50 percent by weight;tetraethylene glycol, 42 percent by weight; uranine, 6 percent by weight; and Tinopal™, 2 percent byweight.

8.66.4.6

Test subjects shall wear a close-fitting, one - or multiple piece full - body garment made of blacksynthetic material that is sized to the individual test subject. The bodysuit must be clean and free ofvisible lint, to the extent practicable, prior to donning the candidate garment ensemble.

8.66.4.7

Visual inspection of the test participant, while wearing the indicator garment, shall be performed underillumination by black light in a dark room after doffing the candidate garments. Inspection shall beperformed while the test participant is fully illuminated by black light with a wavelength of 365 nm.

8.66.4.8*

A separate handheld black light with a wavelength of 365 nm and an intensity of 1200 μW/cm 2 at 380nm shall be used to inspect areas where the presence of fluorescent particles could be unclear.

8.66.4.9

A 35 mm camera or digital equivalent with the appropriate capabilities and settings for takingphotographs under UV light shall be provided for documenting the visual condition of the test subjectbefore and after exposure to the aerosol.

8.66.4.10

The test facility shall have separate garment storage, donning, doffing, and control room areas toprevent contamination.

8.66.4.11

All test subjects shall have a medical doctor’s certificate that substantiates that they are medically andphysically suitable to perform these tests without danger to themselves. The medical certificate shall havebeen issued within 12 months prior to testing.

8.66.4.12

Test subjects shall be familiar with the use of chemical structural fire fighting protectiveensembles clothing and equipment and with the selected respirator.

8.66.5 Procedure.


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8.66.5.1

The test chamber shall be stabilized with the following conditions:

(1) Average wind speed shall be 1.34 47 m/sec ± 0.89 m/sec (3 10.0 mph ± 2 mph) at the fan outletairflow station.

(2) Temperature shall be 21°C ± 6°C (70°F ± 5°F).

(3) Relative humidity shall be 45 percent ± 15 percent.

(4) Average aerosol concentration shall be 150 160 mg/m3, ±25/−0 mg/m3.

(5) Aerosol aerodynamic mass median diameter shall be 2.5 μm ± 0.5 μm.

8.66.5.2

The test subject shall don black indicator garments that cover the wearer’s torso, arms, hands, legs,ankles, and head excluding the face. The indicator garment garments shall provide a dark uniformappearance under black light illumination.

8.66.5.2.1

The indicator garment shall provide a dark uniform appearance under black light illumination.

8.66.5.3*

Specific At least 10 specific areas of the indicator garment shall be masked with a suitable tape ormasking product that will remain in place during testing and not affect the appearance of the indicatorgarment under black light illumination .

8.66.5.3.1

At least 10 masked areas, with minimum dimensions of 25 mm × 50 mm (1 in. × 2 in.) shall be distributedover the indicator garment.

8.66.5.4

The test subject shall don the protective ensemble and respirator in accordance with the manufacturer’sinstructions in a clean area separated separate from the test chamber.

8.66.5.5

Once the test chamber has reached the conditions stated in 8.66.5.1, the test subject will enter thechamber and be properly positioned in the wind.

8.66.5.6

The 30-minute test period begins when the test subject is positioned in the wind.

8.66.5.7

During the 30-minute test period, the test subject shall perform the three series of stationary exercises asspecified in Table C.2 of Test Operations Procedure (TOP) 10-2-022, Chemical Vapor and AerosolSystem-Level Testing of Chemical/Biological Protection Suits . Procedure A of ASTM F1154, StandardPractice for Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort, Fit, Function, and Integrity of Chemical Protective SuitEnsembles , as modified by 8.66.5.8 .


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8.66.5.8*

The stationary exercises specified in Procedure A of ASTM F1154, Standard Practice for QualitativelyEvaluating the Comfort, Fit, Function, and Integrity of Chemical Protective Suit Ensembles , shall beperformed with the following modifications:

Duck squat, pivot right, pivot left, and stand. Rotate orientation 90 degrees to wind streambetween each repetition. Repeat exercise twice in each orientation for a total of 1 minute.

Stand erect. With arms at sides, bend body to left and return, bend body forward and return, bendbody to right and return. Rotate orientation 90 degrees to wind stream between each repetition.Repeat exercise twice in each orientation for a total of 1 minute.

Stand erect. Extend arms overhead in the lateral direction, then bend elbows. Extend armsoverhead in the frontal direction, then bend elbows. Rotate orientation 90 degrees to wind streambetween each repetition. Repeat exercise twice in each orientation for a total of 1 minute.

Stand erect. Extend arms perpendicular to the sides of torso. Twist torso left and return, twist torsoright and return. Rotate orientation 90 degrees to wind stream between each repetition. Repeatexercise twice in each orientation for a total of 1 minute.

Stand erect. Reach arms across chest completely to opposite sides. Rotate orientation 90 degreesto wind stream between each repetition. Repeat exercise twice in each orientation for a total of 1minute.

Walk in place, facing wind, for 1 minute.

Rest standing and facing wind, for 1 minute.

Walk in place, back to wind, for 1 minute.

Rest standing and back to wind, for 1 minute.

Rest standing and facing wind, for 1 minute.

8.66.5.8

At the conclusion of the 30-minute test period, the test subject shall exit the test chamber and enter thedoffing area.

8.66.5.9

The test subject shall then be assisted to doff the ensemble to prevent contact of the outside surface ofthe ensemble with the subject’s skin or indicator garment.

8.66.5.10

Within 10 minutes of After doffing, the masked areas will shall be unmasked and the test subject shall beexamined under black light in the viewing area for evidence of particulate inward leakage.

8.66.5.11

Photographs shall be taken of the test subject under black with the following minimum positions:

(1) Front, right, back, and left side of test subject ’s neck and head

(2) Front, right, back, and left side of test subject ’s upper torso

(3) Front, right, back, and left side of test subject ’s lower torso

8.66.5.12*

The A separate black light shall have a wavelength of 365 nm and an intensity of 1200 μW/cm 2 at 381mm (15 in.) be used to inspect any areas where the presence of fluorescent particles might be unclear. .

8.66.5.12.1

The exposure of the black light shall be bracketed to provide photographs with varying contrast to permitdocumentation of any observed fluorescence.


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8.66.5.13

The laboratory shall be permitted, but is not required, to further sample any areas that are suspect forparticle contamination using the procedures established in 8.66.5.7 . These procedures, when used,shall be employed for documentation purposes only and shall not be used for interpreting compliancewith the performance requirement.

8.66.6.1

A diagram shall be prepared for each test that identifies the locations of any particulate inward leakageas detected on the test subject’s skin or indicator garment.

8.66.6 Sampling and Analysis of Black Indicator Garment.

8.66.6.1

The test subject’s black indicator garment shall be sampled to recover aerosol that has deposited. Thisgarment-rinse sampling shall be performed by pressing a tube against the portion of the black indicatorgarment to be sampled and adding 20 mL of 0.01 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The solution shall bewashed over the black indicator garment for approximately 10 seconds, then pipetted into a cleancontainer.

8.66.6.2

All samples shall be labeled appropriately before they are analyzed.

8.66.6.3

For each of the black indicator garment-rinse samples, approximately 5 mL of each of the samples shallbe analyzed in a fluorometer to determine the mass of aerosol that is present in the sample. The resultsshall be recorded and verified to identify and eliminate any errors in reading or recording the data.

8.66.7

After each trial, upon completion of the garment-rinse sampling and black light photography, the testsubject shall return to a locker room and shower.

8.66.8 Report.

The report shall consist of the following elements:

(1) Photographic records documenting the test ensemble and results consisting of the following:

(a) A photograph of the front head-to-toe view of the test subject in the full test ensembleimmediately before entering the aerosol chamber. Additional photographs of the test subjectin the ensemble showing design details shall be included as warranted.

(b) Black light photographs of the test subject after doffing. These photographs shall cover allbody locations with the test subjects wearing shorts, and, for female test subjects, a sportsbra.

(c) If the post-exposure photographs show no aerosol deposits and show only a black garmentin a dark room, the following statement shall be permitted in lieu of post-exposurephotographs: “No visible aerosol deposits were revealed in the photographs.”

(2) The test conditions, including the following:

(a) The challenge aerosol mass concentration averaged for the duration of the test

(b) The average wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity for the test

(c) Date of test and test operator

(3) Specific observations for the location of any deposited aerosol on the test subject’s indicatorgarments as noted during visual observation under a black light

(4) Any notable observations by the test operators, especially system openings, mask breaches, orpoor fits

(5) Any supplemental test data sampling and analysis of the black indicator garments provided fordocumentation purposes only



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Any evidence of particulate inward leakage on any test subject’s indicator garment as determined byvisual inspection under a black light shall constitute failure.

8.66.9.1

Any evidence of particulate inward leakage on any test subject’s skin or indicator garment asdetermined by visual inspection under a black light shall constitute failure.




1971_A.8.66_SR_59.docx




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The changes incorporate the clarifications and additions of details to the test method asdiscerned by parallel work on the analogous test within NFPA 1994, with minor additional changesspecific to the use of the black indicator garment.

Corrections are being made to the annex sections for the particle inward leakage test thatcorrespond to changes made to update the test method.

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Public Comment No. 137-NFPA 1971-2016 [Sections A.8.66.3.3, A.8.66.5.3, A.8.66.5.8, A.8.66.5.11.1]


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Second Revision No. 28-NFPA 1971-2016 [ New Section after 8.67.1.2 ]

8.67.1.3

Modifications to this test method for testing the glove body composite at the back of the glove shall beas specified in 8.67.8 .




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Clarifying requirements relative to back of the glove testing and performancerequirements.

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8.67.8 Specific Requirements for Testing Glove Body Composites at the Back of the Glove.

8.67.8.1

Specimens shall be representative of the glove body composite construction at the back of the glove atthe following glove areas described in 8.1.17 : A-A, B-B, the 25 mm (1 in.) of C-B adjacent to the wristcrease, D-B, and E-B.

8.67.8.2

Glove body composites at the back of the glove shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.9 .

8.67.8.3

The specimens shall be tested as specified in 8.67.4 with the exception that the radiant heat exposureperiod shall continue until the second-degree burn point is reached. No compression period shall beused for this testing.

8.67.8.4

The testing shall be run on separate samples at each of the three moisture conditions specified in8.1.9 .




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Clarifying requirements relative to back of the glove testing and performancerequirements.

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8.71 Radiant Heat Resistance Test 4.

8.71.1 Application.

This test method shall apply to glove body composites representative of the back of the gloves.

8.71.2 Samples.

8.71.2.1

For glove body composites, samples for conditioning shall be in the form of a pouch as described in8.1.15 .

8.71.2.2

Samples shall be representative of the glove body composite construction at the back of the glove at thefollowing glove areas as described in 8.1.14 , with the exception that the sample layers measure 150mm × 150 mm (6 in. × 6 in.): A-B, B-B, the first 25 mm (1 in.) of C-B adjacent to the wrist crease, D-B,and E-B.

8.71.2.3

Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.3 .

8.71.3 Specimens.

8.71.3.1

Specimens shall be the same as the samples and measure 150 mm × 150 mm (6 in. × 6 in.) and shallbe removed from samples following conditioning.

8.71.3.2

Specimens shall be tested after being subjected to the procedure specified in 8.1.3 both before andafter laundering as specified in 8.1.2 .

8.71.3.3

Specimens shall also be tested after being subjected to wet conditioning as specified in 8.1.8 bothbefore and after laundering as specified in 8.1.9 (Wet Conditioning Procedure 2 for GloveComposites).

8.71.4 Apparatus.

8.71.4.1

The test apparatus shall consist of a radiant heat test panel, radiation shield, heat flux transducer,specimen holder, heat transfer sensor, and data acquisition/data analysis system.

8.71.4.2

The radiant heat test panel shall be as specified in ASTM E162, Standard Test Method for SurfaceFlammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source , Section 6.1.1 and Figure 1.

8.71.4.3

A radiation shield shall be used to block radiant heat from the headform and facepiece before and afterthe test.

8.71.4.3.1

The radiation shield shall be at least 64 cm (25 in.) wide by at least 56 cm (22 in.) high and shall beconstructed of at least three layers of aluminum sheet separated by air gaps of 2 cm (0.8 in.), with ablack-painted front side or a similar design sufficient to block the radiant heat.

8.71.4.4


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A heat flux transducer, having a water-cooled, total heat flux sensor of Schmidt-Boelter type, with a

viewing angle of 180° and a standard range of 0−20 kW/m 2 (0–0.48 cal/cm 2 s)shall be used tomeasure the heat flux from the radiant heat test apparatus.

8.71.4.4.1

The heat flux transducer shall have been calibrated in the last 12 months.

8.71.4.4.2

The heat flux transducer shall be mounted so the face is vertical and parallel to the face of the radiantheat test apparatus.

8.71.4.4.3

The heat flux transducer shall be centered both horizontally and vertically with respect to the face of theradiant heat test apparatus.

8.71.4.5

The specimen holder of a similar design as the specimen holder assembly specified in paragraph 6.1.2of ASTM F1939, Standard Test Method for Radiant Heat Resistance of Flame Resistant ClothingMaterials with Continuous Heating , that is modified to hold the specimen vertically and parallel to theradiant heat test panel and subject to the specimen holder care procedures in paragraph 9.4 of ASTMF1939.

8.71.4.6

The heat transfer sensor shall be the same sensor specified in paragraph 6.1.5 of ASTM F1939,Standard Test Method for Radiant Heat Resistance of Flame Resistant Clothing Materials withContinuous Heating . Care of the sensor and its calibration shall be as specified in paragraph 9.3 andSection 11 of ASTM F1939.

8.71.4.7

The data acquisition/data analysis system shall meet the requirements specified in paragraph 6.1.6 ofASTM F1939, Standard Test Method for Radiant Heat Resistance of Flame Resistant ClothingMaterials with Continuous Heating .

8.71.5 Procedure.

8.71.5.1

The radiant heat test panel shall be ignited and allowed to preheat and stabilize for a minimum of 45minutes.

8.71.5.1.1

The air flow rate to the radiant heat test panel shall be set to 434 L/min ± 24 L/min (920 SCFH ± 50SCFH).

8.71.5.1.2*

The natural gas flow rate to the radiant heat test panel shall be increased until it is just sufficient to

produce a heat flux of 15 kW/m 2 ± 0.5 kW/m 2 (0.36 cal/cm 2 s ± 0.012 cal/cm 2 s) at a distance of178 mm ± 25 mm (7 in. ± 1 in.) from the panel.

8.71.5.1.3

During the conduct of the test, extraneous drafts shall be controlled by closing windows and doors,stopping air-circulating devices, and arranging baffles between the apparatus and any remainingsources of drafts.

8.71.5.2

To calibrate the radiant heat test panel, the heat flux transducer shall be moved in front of the radiantheat test apparatus to a location 178 mm ± 25 mm (7 in. ± 1 in.) from the panel so that the heat flux

transducer measures 15 kW/m 2 ± 0.5 kW/m 2 (0.36 cal/cm 2 s ± 0.012 cal/cm 2 s) for 5 minutes.

8.71.5.2.1

The output voltage from the heat flux transducer shall be sampled at a minimum rate of 1 Hz by a dataacquisition system, which has a minimum resolution of 1 part in 4096 of full scale (0.02 percent).


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8.71.5.2.2

The output voltage shall be converted to units of heat flux using the most recent calibration coefficients.

8.71.5.2.3

The heat flux transducer shall be water-cooled with 0.4 L/min to 0.8 L/min (0.1 gal/min to 0.2 gal/min) ofwater at 16°C to 30°C (61°F to 86°F), such that the exit temperature of the water does not vary morethan ±2°C (±4°F) during the test.

8.71.5.2.4

The horizontal distance from the radiant heat test panel to the face of the heat flux transducer shall belocated and marked.

8.71.5.2.5

The heat flux transducer shall be removed from exposure to the radiant test apparatus

8.71.5.3

After the radiant heat test panel has been preheated and has a calibration mark for 15 kW/m 2 (0.36

cal/cm 2 s), the radiation shield shall be positioned in front of the radiant heat test apparatus.

8.71.5.4

The specimen shall be mounted in the specimen holder that is positioned at 381 mm (15 in.) away fromthe radiant heat test panel placed behind the radiation shield. The sensor shall be positioned in thespecimen holder behind and in direct contact with the specimen on the nonexposure side.

8.71.5.5

The data acquisition system shall be started and the radiation shield shall be removed with the start ofthe collection and recording of the copper calorimeter sensor information.

8.71.5.6

The sample exposure shall be terminated by replacing the radiation shield and removing the specimenholder/calorimeter assembly after the total accumulated thermal energy as measured by the calorimetermeets or exceeds the following empirical performance curve criteria:

[8.71.5.6a]

where:

t i = the time value in seconds of the elapsed time since the initiation of the radiant energy exposure(radiation shield is removed).

[8.71.5.6b]

where:

t i = the time value in seconds of the elapsed time since the initiation of the radiant energy exposure(radiation shield is removed).

8.71.6 Report.

8.71.6.1

The time to second-degree burn for each specimen shall be recorded and reported.

8.71.6.2

The average to second-degree burn shall be calculated, recorded, and reported.


Pass or fail determinations shall be based on the average time to second-degree burn of all specimenstested.



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CommitteeStatement:

A modified form of the stored energy test, which exists as a standardized method and havingbeen validated for the evaluation of gloves have been added via a separate second revision. Thecurrent test method in Section 8.71 is no longer needed.

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8.71 Particulate Filtration Efficiency Blocking Test.

8.71.1 Application.

This test shall apply to materials used in barrier hoods where a hood particulate filtration layer isemployed in the construction of the barrier hood blocking layers or hood composites comprising thefunction of the particulate blocking layer .

8.71.2 Samples.

8.72.2.1


8.71.2.1

Samples for conditioning shall be 1 m (1 yd) measure at least 380 mm 2 (15 in. 2 ) and 1 m (1 yd) inlength for knit materials provided in tubular form shall consist of composites constructed using all layersprovided in the order that represents the particulate blocking function of the hood .

8.71.2.2

Where a seam is necessary to create the 380 mm 2 (15 in. 2 ) composite sample, a seam shall not beincluded in the cut conditioned specimen.

8.71.2.3*

A reference sample shall be prepared that consists of a composite constructed using two layers of 8.4

oz /yd 2 ± 0.4 oz /yd 2 , 100 percent meta-aramid, 1 × 1 rib knit with a stitch count of 37 courses/in . ±2 courses/in . and 21 wales/in. ± 2 wales per in.

8.71.3 Specimens.


8.71.3.1

Particulate-blocking-layer composite specimens shall be tested both before and after being twicesubjected to the following conditioning:

(1) Specimens shall be first subjected twice to the procedure specified in 8.1.2 .

(2) Specimens shall then be conditioned as specified in 8.1.3 .

(3) Specimens shall then be conditioned as specified in 8.1.5 .

8.71.3.2

The particulate-blocking test specimens shall be cut into at least a 150 mm (6 in.) square from thepreconditioned sample.

8.71.3.2.1

One specimen shall be taken from the center of each preconditioned sample.

8.71.3.3

All specimens to be tested shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.18 .

8.71.3.4

Reference specimens shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.18 .

8.71.3.5

A total of three particulate blocking layer composite specimens shall be tested. One reference specimenshall be tested.

8.71.4 Apparatus.


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8.71.4.1

The test apparatus shall be as specified in ASTM F2299/F2299M, Standard Test Method forDetermining the Initial Efficiency of Materials Used in Medical Face Masks to Penetration byParticulates Using Latex Spheres , with the following modifications:

(1) A needle valve shall be placed between the filter holder and the air flow measurement.

(2) A recirculation line shall be placed from the optical particle counter #1 and the main flow linebetween the needle valve and the filter holder as illustrated in Figure 8.71.4.1 .

(3) A stainless steel reinforcement screen with a mesh size of 1 mm × 1 mm (0.04 in. × 0.04 in.) shallbe used adjacent to the test specimen on the downstream side.

(4) Particle detection shall be accomplished with the use of an SMPS (scanning mobility particle sizer)or an OPC (optical particle counter) capable of measuring 0.1 μ at 100 percent counting efficiency.

Figure 8.71.4.1 Diagram for Placement of the Recirculated Line.

8.71.5 Procedure.

8.71.5.1

The suitability of barrier hood materials for this test shall first be determined by evaluating the hoodcomposite materials for air permeation as specified in 8.73 , Air Permeability Test. Material suitability

shall be demonstrated if the material air permeability is measurable above 1.7 m 3 /min/m 2 (10

ft 3 /min/ft 2 ).

8.71.5.2

Specimens shall be tested as specified in ASTM F1215, Test Method for Determining the InitialEfficiency of a Flatsheet Filter Medium in an Airflow Using Latex Spheres , at latex sphere sizes rangingfrom 0.2 μm to 2.0 μm.

8.71.5.1

Specimens shall be tested in accordance with ASTM F2299/F2299M, Standard Test Method forDetermining the Initial Efficiency of Materials Used in Medical Face Masks to Penetration byParticulates Using Latex Spheres, with the following modifications:

(1) A reference specimen as specified in 8.71.3 shall be tested prior to the commencement of aseries of testing or when the test equipment is modified or repaired.

(2) The normal outer surface of the particulate-blocking layer shall be mounted such that it faces theupstream side as oriented in the hood.

(3) If the airflow is met with the specimen in place, the upstream and downstream aerosol counts shallbe recorded for a minimum of 5 counts at each particle range using a 1 minute sampling time.

(4) If the downstream count is less than 100, the sampling time shall be extended until 100 counts areobtained but not longer than 5 minutes.

(5) If the airflow is not met, the needle valve shall be closed and the OPC exhaust shall berecirculated into the downstream side to maintain a pressure drop of 249 Pa (1 in. H 2 O column)

across the specimen.


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8.71.5.2*

The latex sphere sizes used in testing shall range from 0.1 μm to 1.0 μm and shall be created using atleast eight different known particle sizes from 0.1 μm to 1.0 μm.

8.71.5.3

The required airflow shall be 1.7 L/min ± 0.1 L/min in 8.71.5.1(3)

8.71.5.4

The efficiency for each specimen shall be calculated for each sequence for conditioning using thefollowing equation:

[8.71.5.4]

8.71.5.5

For each test condition, the average efficiency for each specimen shall be calculated.

8.71.6 Report.

8.71.6.1

The final measurement airflow and the pressure (ΔP) shall be recorded and reported in L/min and in Pa(in. HO column), respectively for each specimen.

8.71.6.2

The upstream and downstream particulate counts shall be recorded and reported from 0.1 μ to 1.0 μ.

8.71.6.3

The average percent efficiency shall be recorded and reported.

8.71.6 Report.

The filtration efficiency of each specimen at each particle size shall be recorded and reported. Theaverage filtration efficiency of all specimens shall be calculated, recorded, and reported for each particlesize tested.


The average filtration percent efficiency at each particle size shall be used to determine pass or failperformance.




1971_new_A.8.72_SR_61.docx




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Replaced an obsolete method ASTM F1215 with ASTM F2299, including annex material.

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Public Comment No. 133-NFPA 1971-2016 [Sections 8.72, 8.73]


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SR 61, new A.8.72

New Annex material

A. 8.72.2.4 A reference sample is tested to confirm the equipment is functioning in the appropriate range prior

to the commencement of a series of testing or when the test equipment is modified or repaired.

A.8.72.5.2 The slurry of suspended latex spheres with a particle size range of 0.1 micron to 1.0 micron in water

can be made by diluting the uniform latex spheres at a dilution ratio of 1000 to 1 in 1 liter of 0.05 micron

deionized filtered water. The nominal particle sizes employed must fall within the midpoint or lower of the

particle size channel range. For example, if the particle size range is 0.1 micron to 0.15 micron, the nominal

particle size should not be greater than 0.125 micron.

The following references cite that fire ground particles are within the specified range:

Fabian, T., et. al, Firefighter Exposure to Smoke Particulates, DHS AFG Grant #EMW-2007-FP-02093, Project

Number: 08CA31673, 2010

Nowlen, S., A Review of Research at Sandia National Laboratories Associated with the Problem of Smoke

Corrosivity, Fire Safety Journal, Volume 15, Issue 5, 1989, Pages 403-413

Koseki, H., Large Scale Pool Fires Results of Recent Experiments, FIRE SAFETY SCIENCE-PROCEEDINGS OF

THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, pp 115-132

Kleeman, M., et al, Size and Composition Distribution of Fine Particulate Matter Emitted from Wood

Burning, Meat Charbroiling, and Cigarettes, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 3516-3523

Rau, J., Composition and Size Distribution of Residential Wood Smoke Particles, Aerosol Science and

Technology 10:181-192 (1989)


8.72 Air Permeability Test.

8.72.1 Application.

This test shall apply to materials used in barrier hoods where a particulate filtration layer is employed inthe construction of the hood.

8.72.2 Samples.

8.72.2.1


8.72.2.2

Samples for conditioning shall be 1 m (1 yd) square of material for knit materials provided in roll formand 1 m (1 yd) in length for knit materials provided in tubular form.

8.72.3 Specimens.


8.72.4 Procedure.

Specimens shall be tested as specified in ASTM D737, Standard Test Method for Air Permeability ofTextile Fabrics .

8.72.5 Report.

The air permeability of each specimen shall be recorded and reported. The average air permeability ofall specimens shall be calculated, recorded, and reported.


The average air permeability shall be used to determine pass or fail performance.




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Committee Statement: A revised procedure has been developed that can encompass a range of materials.

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8.73 Water Absorption Resistance Test.

8.73.1 Application.

This test method shall apply to the protective garment outer shell and collar lining materials.

8.73.2 Samples.

Samples for conditioning shall be at least 1 m (1 yd) square of each material.

8.73.3 Specimens.

8.73.3.1

Three specimens of outer shell material and collar lining material measuring at least 360 mm ± 2 mm ×235 mm ± 5 mm (14.2 in. ± 0.1 in. × 9.3 in. ± 0.2 in.) shall be tested separately for liquid repellency.

8.73.3.2

Specimens shall be tested after being subjected to the procedure specified in 8.1.2 .

8.73.4 Apparatus.

The test apparatus shall be as specified in ISO 6530, Protective clothing — Protection against liquidchemicals — Test method for resistance of materials to penetration by liquids .

8.73.5 Procedure.

Specimens shall be tested in accordance with ISO 6530, Protective clothing — Protection against liquidchemicals — Test method for resistance of materials to penetration by liquids , with the followingexceptions:

The index of penetration shall not be measured.

Specimens shall be tested against the following liquid chemicals:

40 percent w/w sodium hydroxide (NaOH), CAS No. 1310-73-2

36 percent w/w hydrochloric acid (HCl), CAS No. 7646-01-0

30 percent w/w sulfuric acid (H2SO4), CAS No. 7664-93-9

o-Xylene, CAS No. 95-47-6

Testing shall be carried out at a temperature of 20°C ± 2°C (68°F ± 4°F).

8.73.6 Report.

8.73.6.1

The index of repellency for each specimen shall be recorded and reported.

8.73.6.2

The average index of repellency for each liquid chemical shall be calculated, reported, and recorded.


8.73.7.1

The average index of repellency for each liquid chemical shall be used for determining pass or failperformance. Failure of the material for any one liquid chemical constitutes failure of the material in thistest.



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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

This newly proposed section 7.1.19 and test method 8.74 is based on a European EN/ISO(EN469/ISO 11613) requirement for Structural Fire Fighting gear. Due to major difficulties incompliance with this requirement the EN 469 committee has now established a working group todetermine if this test method needs to be altered or deleted for the next version of their standard.Additionally, there is currently an input that raises the requirement of water absorption resistance onouter shells from allowing 30% absorption to only allowing 10%. Even though there is also a publiccomment to change the 10% to 15%, either of these changes will serve to significantly decrease theamount of water absorption that an outer shell is allowed to demonstrate in the next revision. Thestandard is already addressing the issue of liquid resistance of the outer shell without the need to addyet another test, especially one that seems to currently be under scrutiny.

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8.74 Water Vapor Resistance ( R et ) Test.

8.74.1 Application.

This test method shall apply to structural fire fighting protective garment element composites.

8.74.2 Samples.


8.74.2.1

The minimum sample size shall be 51 cm × 51 cm (20 in. × 20 in.).

8.74.3 Specimens.

8.74.3.1

Water vapor resistance testing shall be conducted on at least three specimens.

8.74.3.2

Specimens shall consist of all layers in the structural fire fighting protective garment composite,arranged in the order and orientation as worn.

8.74.4 Apparatus.

The test apparatus shall be as specified in ISO 11092, Textiles — Physiological effects —Measurement of thermal and water-vapour resistance under steady-state conditions (sweatingguarded-hotplate test) .

8.74.5 Procedure.

Testing shall be conducted in accordance with ISO 11092, Textiles — Physiological effects —Measurement of thermal and water-vapour resistance under steady-state conditions (sweatingguarded-hotplate test) .

8.74.6 Report.

8.74.6.1

The total water vapor resistance ( R et ) of each sample shall be recorded and reported.

8.74.6.2

The average total water vapor resistance ( R et ) of all tested samples shall be recorded and reported.


8.74.7.1

Pass or fail determination shall be based on the average reported total water vapor resistance ( R et )

measurement of all specimens tested.

8.74.7.2

If an individual result from any test set varies more than ±10 percent from the average result, the resultsfrom the test set shall be discarded and another set of specimens shall be tested.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The Technical Committee agrees that while this test may provide valuable information, there hasonly been limited data to support including this test in the standard during this revision cycle. TheTechnical Committee does want to encourage continued research on this test method.

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Second Revision No. 4-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Section No. A.3.3.85 ]

A.3.3.86 Particulates.

For the purpose of this standard, particulates do not include aerosol or suspended liquid droplets in air.Aerosols are considered liquids.

There are at least seven forms of particulate matter as follows:

(1) Aerosol. A dispersion of solid or liquid particles of microscopic size in a gaseous medium such assmoke, fog, or mist.

(2) Dust. A term loosely applied to solid particles predominantly larger than colloidal and capable oftemporary suspension in air or other gases. Derivation from larger masses through the applicationof physical force is usually implied.

(3) Fog. A term loosely applied to visible aerosols in which the dispersed phase is liquid. Formationby condensation is implied.

(4) Fume. Solid particles generated at condensation from the gaseous state, generally aftervolatilization from melted substances and often accompanied by a chemical reaction such asoxidation. Popular usage sometimes includes any type of contaminant.

(5) Mist. A term loosely applied to dispersion of liquid particles, many of which are large enough to beindividually visible without visual aid.

(6) Smog. A word derived from the words smoke and fog and applied to extensive atmosphericcontamination by aerosols arising from a combination of natural and human-made sources.

(7) Smoke. Small gasborne particles resulting from incomplete combustion and consistingpredominantly of carbon and other combustible materials.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The term and explanatory material was originally included for optional CBRN ensembles and shouldhave been removed as part of the CBRN option removal. However due to the inclusion of optionalrequirements for particulate protection the explanatory information should be revised to reflect thedirection of the revised standard. The proposed text is taken from the Annex of NFPA 1994.Additional language is also needed to clarify what particulates mean in this standard.

ResponseMessage:

Public Comment No. 111-NFPA 1971-2016 [Section No. A.3.3.85]


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A.4.3.16

Manufacturers should provide test data, which might include the reported average, minimum, ormaximum values that were provided by the certification organization and used in the original certificationof the element to this edition of the standard. This information should be consolidated in a simple tablethat identifies the requirement in the standard, the performance criteria, and the reported value and thatprovides a comparison with the specified requirement.

Organizations are advised to request information from the manufacturer that relates to thoseperformance requirements that provide quantifiable results (as opposed to pass/fail determinations) foreach element in the following list:

Garments

Thermal protective performance rating of composite(s)

Total heat loss value of composite(s)

Percentage thermal shrinkage of outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal barrier layers

Tear strength of the outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal barrier layers

Seam breaking strength for each Major A, Major B, and Minor seam

Water penetration resistance of moisture barrier

Percentage cleaning shrinkage of the outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal barrier layers

Percent water absorption of the outer shell layer(s)

Breaking strength of the outer shell and collar lining layer(s)

Trim coefficient of retroreflection following each precondition (structural fire fightingprotective garment elements only)

Stored energy predicted time to second-degree burn injury for each garment element sleevecomposite (structural fire fighting protective garment elements only)

Radiant protective performance intersect time for the outer shell layer(s) (proximity firefighting protective garment elements only)

Helmets

Top and side impact force for each precondition

Acceleration for each precondition

Thermal protective performance rating of the ear cover composite

Change in haze for the faceshield/goggle component (structural fire fighting protectivegarment element only)

Luminous transmittance for the faceshield/goggle component (structural fire fightingprotective garment element only)

Reflective marking coefficient of retroreflectivity following each precondition (structural firefighting protective garment element only)

Helmet and helmet faceshield radiant heat resistance temperature rise (proximity fire fightingprotective garment element only)

Radiant protective performance intersect time for the helmet shroud and helmet cover(proximity fire fighting protective garment element only)

Tear strength of the helmet shroud and helmet cover layers (proximity fire fighting protectivegarment element only)

Gloves — All quantifiable properties of all portions of the gloves that are tested as required byChapter 7

Footwear — All quantifiable properties of all portions of the footwear that are tested as required byChapter 7

Hoods — All quantifiable properties of the hood that are tested as required by Chapter 7


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CommitteeStatement:

Reputable manufacturers will provide requested test data to customers who inquire, or run the riskof losing customers without the need for this ancillary annex item. Further, since the 1997 edition ofNFPA 1971, up to and including the current 2013 edition, there has been a requirement for themanufacturer to provide such data upon request:

The manufacturer shall maintain all design and performance inspection and test data from thecertification organization used in the recertification of manufacturer models and components. Themanufacturer shall provide such data, upon request, to the purchaser or authority havingjurisdiction.

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Second Revision No. 9-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Section No. A.5.1.7.3 ]

A.5.1.7.3

For example, an additional thermal layer that is used in the significant portion of the boot should be listedon the label. Zippers, eyelets, and similar items should not be listed. Type of leather does not have to belisted. Trade names could be added if desired. footwear should be listed on the label. Similarly, anyspecial form of external reinforcement that covers a significant portion of the footwear should be listed.Zippers, eyelets, toe caps, puncture-resistant plates, and ladder shanks are not required to be listed.Type of leather is not required to be listed. Trade names can be used in place of generic material names,if desired.

A.5.1.7.4

Examples of generic terminology for shell material are thermoplastic, thermoplastic/leather, fiberglass

composite, Kevlar ® composite, and fiberglass composite/leather.

A.5.1.7.4

Examples of shell material are thermoplastic, thermoplastic/leather, fiberglass composite, Kevlar ®

composite, and fiberglass composite/leather. Examples of shell materials are thermoplastic,

thermoplastic/leather, fiberglass composite, Kevlar ® composite, and fiberglass composite/leather.

A.5.1.7.5

For example, an additional thermal liner that is used in the entire back of the hand of the glove bodyshould be listed on the label. Elastic and similar materials should not be listed. Trade names could beadded if desired.

A.5.1.7.5

Leather should be identified by the type of hide — for example, cow leather or elk leather. Any significantadditional layer should also be identified, such as an additional thermal liner or other layer that is used onthe back of the hand in the glove body. Items including, but not limited to, elastic, thread, and linerattachment tapes do not have to be listed on the label.

A.5.1.8

For example, an additional thermal layer that is used in the significant portion of the footwear should belisted on the label. Similarly, a special form of external reinforcement that covers a significant portion ofthe footwear should be listed. Items including but not limited to zippers, eyelets, toe caps, puncture-resistant plates, and ladder shanks should not be listed. The type of leather does not have to be listed.Trade names can be used in place of generic material names, if desired.



1971_A.5.1.7.3-A.5.1.10_SR_9_staff_use_only.docx




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

During the first revision edits were made to the labeling requirements. The revisions to thiscomment clarify the revisions made, eliminate the redundancies and clarify requirements.

ResponseMessage:

Public Comment No. 21-NFPA 1971-2016 [Sections A.5.1.7.3, A.5.1.7.4, A.5.1.7.5, A.5.1.8, A.5.1.9,...]


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A.6.2.2

The high-visibility materials required on firefighter PPE effectively enhance visual conspicuity during thevariety of fireground operations. The continuous use of high-visibility garments is one component of astrategy to mitigate risks from struck-by hazards, which are known to cause serious firefighter fire-fighterinjuries and fatalities on an annual basis. Please note that additional high-visibility requirements forfirefighters fire fighters on or near roadways are regulated by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration’sManual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), 2009 edition, §6D.03, pp. 564-565. It is theresponsibility of the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) to specify appropriate high-visibility apparel fromthe available garment options, and, based on a risk assessment, to establish policies for high-visibilityapparel use in accordance with prevailing regulations (the MUTCD) and in compliance with applicablestandards (e.g., NFPA 1971, ANSI/ISEA 107, Hand Protection Selection Criteria American NationalStandard for High Visibility Safety Apparel and Accessories , and ANSI/ISEA 207, High Visibility PublicSafety Vests). Users of protective clothing should be aware that reflective trims have varying durabilityunder field-use conditions. Trim can be damaged by heat but still appear to be in good condition when itmight have lost retroreflective properties. Trim can become soiled and lose fluorescing and retroreflectivequalities. Trim can lose retroreflective qualities in rain or in fire-fighting water exposures.

Trim should be checked periodically by using a flashlight to determine retroreflective performance. Thetrim should be bright. Samples of new trim can be obtained from the manufacturer for comparison, ifnecessary.




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CommitteeStatement:

The title of ANSI/ISEA 107 has been updated, therefore the reference also needs to beupdated in the standard.

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A.6.7.7

The values contained in Figure 6.7.6.1 are bare-hand dimensions, not glove pattern dimensions.Guidelines for applying these dimensions to flat glove patterns vary, depending on such factors as thetype of pattern being used, the number of layers in the glove, and the type of fit desired for the glove. Thevalues contained in Figure 6.7.6.1 are bare-hand dimensions, not glove pattern dimensions. Guidelinesfor applying these dimensions to flat glove patterns vary, depending on such factors as the type of patternbeing used, the number of layers in the glove, and the type of fit desired for the glove.

The values contained in Figure 6.7.6.1 are those that apply to the five-size system intended to fit apopulation defined as the 5th percentile (female) through the 95th percentile (male) in the U.S. Army.These values are not valid if other than a five-size system is being used or if the demographics of theintended population vary.

Caution should be used in determining the specific value to be used in glove patterning from the givenrange of values for a particular dimension and glove size. The choice of the lowest, middle, or highestvalue is related to expectations of how the glove will fit.



1971_SR_67_A.6.7.7.docx STAFF USE ONLY




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CommitteeStatement:

In the establishment of the new sizing system for gloves, some language that was specific to the oldglove sizing system was retained in the second draft. The proposed changes clarify theimplementation of the new sizing system and removal language that no longer applies to the newsizing system. In addition, a more accurate title for Figure 6.7.6.1 was provided and additionalclarifications were provided for how the sizing system applied to non-mandatory glove sizes.

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Second Revision No. 69-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Section No. A.8.1.9.2 ]


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A.8.1.9.2 A test apparatus that can provide this method of wetting consists of a chamber in which a specialized

nozzle directs flow downward onto a horizontally positioned specimen that is placed on a balance. An apparatus

meeting the requirement in this section consists of a Plexiglas chamber with piping that supports a full cone

brass misting nozzle that is positioned at a distance of 560 mm (22 in.) above a specimen on top of a balance

protected in a plastic bag that uses a Plexiglas 150 mm x 150 mm (6 in. x 6 in.) square as the balance pan in lieu

of the original balance pan. Pressure to the nozzle is provided by a 560 W (¾ horsepower) clear water pump

with a capacity of 2.46 m3/hr (650 gallons per hour gal/hr), a maximum pressure of 296 kPa (43 psi), and a 25

mm (1 in.) NPT outlet. A gate valve is positioned to control flow of water from a 20 liter (5 gallon) bucket

reservoir into the pipe with a 200 mesh water filter installed prior to the nozzle. The system is also equipped

with an overflow value and venturi valve to eliminate dripping from the nozzle during starting and ending of the

water flow. The entire assembly is mounted to a movable cart. Specific instructions for the operation of this

system follow:

(1) Fill the 20 liter (5 gallon) bucket at least 1/2 full of tap water (see Figure A.8.1.9.2(1)). The bucket cannot

be removed from the cart, but this can be achieved by pouring water from inside the chamber through the red a

funnel or pumping water in from the side into the top of the bucket.

Figure A.8.1.9(1) Fill Bucket for Test Apparatus

(2) Always maintain several centimeters (a few inches) of water in the bucket. If the bucket is empty, the

pump will lose its prime. To reprime the pump, remove the brass screw on the prime valve located on the

top/back of the pump (see Figure A.8.1.9(2)). Pour water into the pump until it is full and replace the screw.

Figure A.8.1.9(2) Test Apparatus Pump Showing Brass Screw on Prime Valve

(3) Plug in the pump (black cord) into the outlet box/switch which is located underneath the front left side of

the unit as shown in Figure A.8.1.9(3).

Figure A.8.1.9(3) Location of Outlet for Pump Electrical Connection

(4) Plug in the outlet box/switch (red cord) into a standard 220v outlet. This cord is located on the right side

of the cart pictured in Figure A.8.1.9(4).

Figure A.8.1.9(4) Location of Power Cord for Test Apparatus

(5) Open the main flow valve fully. For the open position the handle should be “in line” with the pipe as shown

in Figure A.8.1.9(5).

Figure A.8.1.9(5) Location of Test Apparatus Main Flow Valve (in Open Position)

(6) Attach the bottom end of the overflow tube into onto the bucket as shown in Figure A.8.1.9(6) to

continuously drain the water from the test apparatus back into the system.

Figure A.8.1.9(6) Overflow Tube Clamped onto Test Apparatus Bucket

(7) Turn blue handle to fully open the overflow valve as shown in Figure 8.1.9(7).

Figure A.8.1.9(7) Test Apparatus Overflow Valve in Open Position

(8) Remove blue rubber cap from nozzle (Figure A.8.1.9(8) that is used to prevent excess water from

prematurely getting on sample.

Figure A.8.1.9(8) Rubber Cap on Test Apparatus Spray Nozzle

(9) Remove the plastic and metal sections on top of balance shown in Figure A.8.1.9(9), as these items are not

needed.

Figure A.8.1.9(9) Tray and Pan Cover for Removal from Balancee

(10) Place the scale in a clear plastic bag and seal as shown in Figure A.8.1.9(10).

Figure A.8.1.9(10) Coverage of Scale by Plastic Bag

NOTE: Scale is balance with set on a plexiglass elevated platform that is shown in Figure A.8.1.9(11) to allow

drainage.

Figure A.8.1.9(11) Plexiglas Standard Supporting Scale

(11) Center the scale in the spray chamber and place a 150 mm x 150 mm (6 in. x 6 in.) Plexiglas square on top

of the scale in the chamber (see Figure A.8.1.9(12)).

Figure A.8.1.9(12) Scale Encapsulated in Plastic Bag and Centered in Spray Chamber

(12) Turn balance on and make sure the reading is 0.0g. Place sample on the Plexiglas balance pan.Turn on

scale, tare to 0.0 g, place sample on Plexiglas scale tray, and tare again to 0.0 g as shown in Figure A.8.1.9(13).

Figure A.8.1.9(13) Sample on Scale Tared to 0.0 g

(13) Multiply the weight of the sample times the % of the weight gain that you want to achieve. This will give

the ending weight value to stop the timer.

(14) Close the chamber door for even air flow.

(15) Turn on the pump switch and timer until desired weight is met (calculated above)

(16) Turn off pump switch and timer.

NOTE: Periodically the water filter should be cleaned. This The water filter is located inside the black elbow

on the top of the main flow pipe (see Figure A.8.1.9(14)). Unscrew the top cap, remove the filter, rinse under

water and replace.

Figure A.8.1.9(14) Location of Test Apparatus Water Filter

Photographs showing the front and back views of the complete test apparatus are provided in Figures

A.8.1.9(15) and A.8.1.9(16).

Figure A.8.1.9(15) Front View of Wet Conditioning Test Apparatus

Pump

Outlet Box/Switch

Power Cord

Overflow Valve

Nozzle

Scale and Sample

Water Filter

FRONT VIEW

Chamber Front Door Handle

5 Gallon Bucket

Figure A.8.1.9(15) Back View of Wet Conditioning Test Apparatus

BACK VIEW

Overflow Tube

Pump Prime Valve

Overflow Tube

Attachment

A.8.1.9


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A test apparatus that can provide this method of wetting consists of a chamber in which a specializednozzle directs flow downward onto a horizontally positioned specimen that is placed on a balance. An

apparatus meeting the requirement in this section consists of a Plexiglas® chamber with piping thatsupports a full cone brass misting nozzle that is positioned at a distance of 560 mm (22 in.) above a

specimen on top of a balance protected in a plastic bag that uses a Plexiglas® 150 mm × 150 mm (6 in.× 6 in.) square as the balance pan in lieu of the original balance pan . Pressure to the nozzle is provided

by a 3 ⁄4 560 W ( 3 ⁄4 horsepower) clear water pump with a capacity of 460.5 L/h (650 gph 2.46 m 3 /hr(gal/hr ), a maximum pressure of 296.5 kPa (43 psi), and a 25 mm ( 1 in.) NPT outlet. A gate valve ispositioned to control flow of water from a 19 20 L (5 gal) bucket reservoir into the pipe with a 74 µm ( 200mesh) water filter installed prior to the nozzle. The system is also equipped with an overflow value and aventuri valve to eliminate dripping from the nozzle prior to the start during starting and after theend ending of the water flow. The entire assembly is mounted on to a movable cart. Specific instructionsfor the operation of this system follow are as follows :

(1) Fill the 19 20 L (5 gal) bucket at least one- half full of tap water. [see Figure A.8.1.9(a)] . The bucketcannot be removed from the cart, but it this can be filled achieved by pouring water through the redfunnel from inside the chamber through a funnel or pumping it water in from the side into the top ofthe bucket.

Figure A.8.1.9(a) Fill Bucket for Test Apparatus.

(2) Always maintain several centimeters ( a few inches) of water in the bucket. If the bucket is empty,the pump will lose its prime. To reprime the pump, remove the brass screw on the prime valve locatedon the top/back of the pump. [see Figure A.8.1.9(b)] . Pour water into the pump until it is full, andreplace the screw.

Figure A.8.1.9(b) Test Apparatus Pump Showing Brass Screw on Prime Valve.

(3) Plug the pump (black cord) into the outlet box/switch that is located underneath the front left side ofthe unit. , as shown in Figure A.8.1.9(c).

Figure A.8.1.9(c) Location of Outlet for Pump Electrical Connection.


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(4) Plug the outlet box/switch (red cord) into a standard 220 V volt outlet. This cord is located on the rightside of the cart. pictured in Figure A.8.1.9(d).

Figure A.8.1.9(d) Location of Power Cord for Test Apparatus.

(5) Open the main flow valve fully. For the open position, the handle should be “ in line” with the pipe. asshown in Figure A.8.1.9(e).

Figure A.8.1.9(e) Location of Test Apparatus Main Flow Valve (in Open Position).

(6) Attach the bottom end of the overflow tube to onto the bucket as shown in Figure A.8.1.9(f) tocontinuously drain the water from the test apparatus back into the system.

Figure A.8.1.9(f) Overflow Tube Clamped onto Test Apparatus Bucket.


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(7) Turn the blue handle to fully open the overflow valve. , as shown in Figure 8.1.9(g).

Figure A.8.1.9(g) Test Apparatus Overflow Valve in Open Position.

(8) Remove the blue rubber cap from the nozzle. [see Figure A.8.1.9(h)] that is used to prevent excesswater from prematurely getting on the sample.

Figure A.8.1.9(h) Rubber Cap on Test Apparatus Spray Nozzle.

(9) Remove the plastic and metal sections on top of the balance. These shown in Figure A.8.1.9(i) asthese items are not needed.

Figure A.8.1.9(i) Tray and Pan Cover for Removal from Balance.


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(10) Place the scale in a clear plastic bag and seal. . as shown in Figure A.8.1.9(j).

Figure A.8.1.9(j) Coverage of Scale by Plastic Bag.

NOTE Note : The scale set on is a balance with a Plexiglas ® plexiglass elevated platform that isshown in Figure A.8.1.9(k) to allow drainage.

Figure A.8.1.9(k) Plexiglas Standard Supporting Scale.

(11) Center the scale in the spray chamber and the place a 150 mm × 150 mm (6 in. × 6 in.) Plexiglas®

square on top of the scale in the chamber. [see Figure A.8.1.9(l)] .

Figure A.8.1.9(l) Scale Encapsulated in Plastic Bag and Centered in Spray Chamber.

(12) Turn the balance on and make sure the reading is 0.0 g. Place the sample on the Plexiglas®

balance pan. Turn on the scale, tare to 0.0 g, place the sample on the Plexiglas scale tray, and tareagain to 0.0 g as shown in Figure A.8.1.9(m).

Figure A.8.1.9(m) Sample on Scale Tared to 0.0 g.


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(13) Multiply the weight of the sample times the percent of the weight gain that you want needs toachieve be achieved . This will give the ending weight value to stop the timer.

(14) Close the chamber door for even air flow.

(15) Turn on the pump switch and timer until the desired weight, is met ( calculated previously, ismet. above).

(16) Turn off the pump switch and timer.

NOTE Note : Periodically the water filter should be cleaned. This is The water filter is located insidethe black elbow on the top of the main flow pipe. [see Figure A.8.1.9(n)] . Unscrew the top cap,remove the filter, rinse under water, and replace.

Figure A.8.1.9(n) Location of Test Apparatus Water Filter.

Photographs showing the front and back views of the complete test apparatus are provided in FigureA.8.1.9(o) and Figure A.8.1.9(p).

Figure A.8.1.9(o) Front View of Wet Conditioning Test Apparatus.


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Figure A.8.1.9(p) Back View of Wet Conditioning Test Apparatus.


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SR_69_SB_A.8.1.9.2.docx

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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The annex section was originally referenced to paragraph 8.1.9.2, but should instead bereferenced to the entire conditioning method section. Changes have been made to add both figuretitles and references and make other editorial changes to clarify the recommended procedures forthe operation of the test apparatus.

ResponseMessage:


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Second Revision No. 62-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Chapter B ]

Annex B Description of Performance Requirements and Test Methods

This annex is not a part of the recommendations of this NFPA document but is included for informationalpurposes only.


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B.1 Overview.


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Annex B is intended to serve as a guide for both experienced and rookie fire fighters who want to betterunderstand the performance requirements (tests) of the structural fire-fighting gear they wear and todevelop a basic understanding of the minimum test requirements for the structural fire fighting geardescribed in Chapter 7 of the 2018 edition of NFPA 1971.

This annex will also help the reader gain a clearer understanding of the limits of the protective ensemble.However, Annex B only addresses performance requirements and test methods for protective elements(garments, helmets, gloves, footwear, and hoods) used for structural firefighting. Descriptions for specificperformance requirements and test methods for proximity fire fighting elements will be addressed in afuture edition.

Interpretations of tests, test methods, or test results will not be found here. Instead, Annex B providesbackground information and explains performance requirements and test methods in layman’s terms. Firedepartment equipment officers, safety officers, purchasing agents, members of the selection committee,and end users/wearers will also find this information helpful.

The tests required by NFPA 1971 do not guarantee that the ensemble or ensemble element will not fail inthe field. The tests evaluate representative samples of the protective ensemble elements, or materialsused in their construction to determine whether the element will pass defined minimum performancerequirements under controlled test conditions. These tests cannot be performed in the field — they mustbe performed by the qualified laboratory of an accredited certification organization.

Annex B also gives a brief description of the required NFPA tests performed by the certificationorganization (chosen by the manufacturer) on the five elements of the structural fire-fighting ensemble —protective garment (the coat and pants, outer shell/moisture barrier/thermal liner), protective helmets,protective gloves, protective footwear, and protective hoods — with a section and corresponding table foreach element.

The Test Method column in each table shows the number and name of the section in the standard that isdescribed; the Test Method Description column provides an overview of the test, which indicates what istested and, in general, how it is tested; and the Test Method Application column explains why the testmethod is specified and how the method is used to assess the performance of fire fighter protectiveclothing.

Some tests evaluate a representative piece or sample of the element while other tests evaluate the wholeelement as specified in the table. In general, tests are conducted on multiple specimens, not just onespecimen. Tests are designed by experts familiar with fire-fighting field conditions. They are evaluated byfire fighters on the NFPA 1971 committee before they are put in the standard to ensure the performancerequirements translate to an appropriate minimum level of protection.

Throughout the document, references are made to specimens being tested “as received” and “afterconditioning.” Specific descriptions and instructions for each type of conditioning can be found in Chapter8: Test Methods , along with the test method details.

In general, however, the term as received means the specimens tested are new, out-of-the-box samplesthat have not been laundered or subjected to other environmental conditioning; “conditioning” generallyrefers both to laundering the samples and to exposing the samples to specific environmental conditions.Again, all the specific details for sample treatment can be found in Chapter 8.

To ensure environmental consistency prior to testing, the asreceived samples are conditioned in anenvironmental chamber for 24 hours at 21°C ± 2.8°C (70°F ± 5°F) and 65 percent ± 5 percent humidity.The specific procedure used to condition samples to these parameters is found in ASTM D1776/D1776M ,Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles for Testing . As outlined in specific tests, elementsmight also require conditioning by one or more of the following procedures before testing can proceed:

(1) Washing and drying procedures (AATCC 135, Dimensional Changes in Automatic of Fabrics afterHome Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics )

(2) Low temperature environmental conditioning

(3) Convective heat conditioning

(4) Radiant and convective heat conditioning

(5) Wet conditioning

The Test Method Description column in the tables references specific test methods from other standardsorganizations such as ASTM or ISO. In these instances, some details found in the referenced testmethod, but not in NFPA 1971, are described for the respective test method. This information includes


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specific details that are key to understanding the test method in the context of how it might relate to whatis experienced in the field and, therefore, is included in this annex.

Fire fighters face many hazards that manufacturers of personal protective equipment attempt to mitigate.The minimum performance requirements that manufacturers protective ensemble elements have to meetare included in the 2018 edition of NFPA 1971. Certification organizations and their laboratories performthese tests and determine whether or not the samples provided pass the tests. Compliance for a particularproduct is indicated by the certification mark on the product label that is permanently attached to the coatand pants, helmet, gloves, footwear, or hood. The certification mark means representative samples havepassed rigorous tests and are compliant with the 2018 edition of NFPA 1971. If the certificationorganization mark is not on the label, the equipment is neither NFPA-compliant nor third-party certified andshould not be used.


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B.2 Garments.


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Table B.2 is intended to serve as an abbreviated guide to all specified tests for whole that apply togarments, including the outer shell, the moisture barrier, the thermal barrier, garment hardware, and allmaterials used in the construction of the whole garment. These tests evaluate whether or not the garmentmeets the minimum performance requirements of the 2018 edition of NFPA 1971. They do not guaranteethe safety of the fire fighter or ensure the fire fighter will not experience an injury while wearing thegarment.

Table B.2 Garments

Test Method Test Method DescriptionTest MeApplic

7.1.1 Thermal Protective Performance (TPP) Test

UNNUMBERED Figure B.2(a)]

This test is performed inaccordance with ISO 17492,Clothing for protectionagainst heat and flame —Determination of heattransmission on exposure toboth flame and radiant heat,on three specimens/samplesof the three-layer garmentcomposite, which are testedboth as received and afterconditioning with 5 fivelaundering cycles. Specimenscomprise the outer shell,thermal liner, and moisturebarrier and are layered andtested in the order in whichthey are worn. The outer shellexterior is exposed to bothradiant and convective heatsources. [See Figure B.2(a).]

The thermprotectiveperformanThermalProtectivePerforma(TPP) tesused to mthe insulaperformanthe three-system byevaluatingquickly hetransferrethe outsidthe garmethe insideFigure B.2

Figure B.2(a) TPP Test Apparatus.

The rate of temperature riseis recorded and compared tothe known skin response toheat; the recorded time ismultiplied by the heatexposure energy todetermine the TPP ThermalProtective Performance(TPP) rating.

Under thetest condiwhich simsevere flaconditionsTPP ratindivided inindicates approximanumber oseconds ufire fightereceive asecond-deburn.

Figure B.2(b) TPP Test Being Run.

The TPP rating of thegarment must be at least35.0 .

This is theprimary temeasure garment’sto protectfighter frosevere heflame. Thhigher thenumber, thigher the


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protectionheat (undspecific teconditionsincontrast gthe higheheat stresthe fire figFire fighteshould alwconsider tTPP ratinrelates to THL Total Loss (THLrating.

7.1.2 Whole Garment and Ensemble Liquid Penetration Test (ShowerTest)

This test is performed inaccordance with ASTMF1359/F1359M , StandardTest Method for LiquidPenetration Resistance ofProtective Clothing orProtective Ensembles Undera Shower Spray While on aMannequin, on a full garmentset (coat and pants) orcoveralls. The whole garmentis placed on amannequin manikin dressedin a water-absorptive layerand exposed to 2. 5 minutesof liquid spray from fourdifferent orientations for atotal of 20 10 minutes. Afterremoval of the garment, thewater-absorptive layer isexamined for evidence ofmoisture penetration. [SeeFigure B.2( c ).]

The Showis used toevaluate hwell the sand closuthe garmeunder contest condiresist inwleakage oliquids froexterior so[See FiguB.2(d).] Ta test todeterminewhether othe garmehelp keepfire fightefrom hosestreams,standing wandprecipitati

NOTE NoShower Tthe only teperformedassemblegarmentscoats and

7.1.3 Flame Resistance Test 1

[UNNUMBERED Figure B.2(b)]

[UNNUMBERED Figure B.2(c)]

Close-up of burner, with parallel pilot

[UNNUMBEREDFigure B.2(d)]

Test apparatus with specimen Figure B.2(c) Test Apparatus in

This test is performed inaccordance with ASTMD6413/D6413M , StandardTest Method for FlameResistance of Textiles(Vertical Test), as receivedand after conditioning withfive laundering cycles on

The FlamResistanc1 is used evaluate tmaterial, controlledconditionsability to


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Ready Position.

Figure B.2(d) Flame Test Being Performed.

garment components (excepthook and pile, elastic, andlabels, which are specificallyexcluded from the test).(hook and pile, elastic, andlabels can be excluded fromthe test depending on theirlocation in the garment).

self-extingafter the fremoved.char lengtthe materexposure flame is ameasured

Each separable layer ofmultilayer composites istested individually. (e.g., if thecomposite has a sewn-inthermal liner, the outer shelland thermal liner are testedsewn together; if the liner isseparable, than each layer istested by itself). Specimensare tested after conditioning.A 75 mm × 305 mm (3 in. ×12 in.) The specimen issuspended over a flame for12 seconds to determine howeasily the material ignites.Ease of ignition and charringcharacteristics are observedand recorded. Materialscannot char more than 100mm (4 in.), cannot showafterflame 2.0 seconds afterremoval of the test flame, andcannot melt or drip .

This is theprimary teestablish flame-respropertiesmaterials garmentconstructi

7.1.4 Heat and Thermal Shrinkage Resistance Test (shrinkage) This test is performed asreceived and afterconditioning with 5 fivelaundering cycles. Outershells, moisture barriers,thermal barriers, collarlinings, and winter liners(where provided) are testedindividually. Fabric samples380 mm x 380 mm (15 in. ×15 in.) are marked andmeasured before exposure tofive 5 minutes of heat in a260°C (500°F) oven.

Post-exposuremeasurements are taken andaveraged, and no more than10 percent shrinkage ispermitted.

The Heat ThermalShrinkageResistancis used forequiremeevaluate tmaterials shrinkageexposure temperatu

Excessiveshrinkagecompromfire fightemobility aimpact theinsulatingqualities ogarment.


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7.1.5 Heat and Thermal Shrinkage Resistance Test (melting,separation, ignition)

This test is performed asreceived and afterconditioning with 5 fivelaundering cycles of ongarment components, exceptfor hook and loop and elastic,when placed where they willnot contact the fire fighter’sbody. Samples 150 mm ×150 mm (6 in. × 6 in.) aresuspended in a 260°C(500°F) oven for 5 minutes.[See Figure B.2(e) andFigure B.2(f).]

The Heat ThermalShrinkageResistancis used forequiremedeterminewhether ocomponeused to coprotectivegarmentsmelt, dripseparate,easily ign

Figure B.2(e) Oven Exterior.

Garment components cannotmelt, drip, separate, or igniteafter this test .

The testconditionsnot intendsimulate afiregroundexposuresrather sermeans fomeasuringthe materresponds heat. Thisprevents tof materiamelt and dwhich coucause burinjuries toestablish minimum of thermastability fomaterials in theconstructiprotectiveclothingelements

Figure B.2(f) Oven Interior.


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7.1.6 Heat and Thermal Shrinkage Resistance Test (moisture barrierseams)

This test is performed asreceived and afterconditioning with 5laundering cycles on allconditioned moisture barrierseams. Samples 75 mm ×150 mm (3 in. × 6 in.) areprepped and exposed to 5minutes of heat in a 260°C(500°F) oven. Observationsare limited to seam materialignition and dripping. [SeeFigure B.2(g) and FigureB.2(h).]

The Heat ThermalShrinkageResistancis used toevaluate tability of tmoisture seams to dripping oignition.

FIGURE B.2(g) Oven Exterior.

FIGURE B.2(h) Oven Interior.


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7.1.7 Heat and Thermal Shrinkage Resistance Test (outer shells andcollar linings/char)

This test is performed asreceived and afterconditioning outer shells andcollar linings with 5 fivelaundering cycles to identifycharring when specimens areexposed to 5 minutes of heatin a 260°C (500°F) oven.Specimens cannot char.[See Figure B.2(i) andFigure B.2(j).]

The Heat ThermalShrinkageResistancis used toevaluate wor not thesurfaces ogarment wand/or breopen, expinterior layCharring abreaking ocompromthermal aphysicalprotectiongarmentsin turn, incthe risk offighter buinjuries.

FIGURE B.2(i) Oven Exterior .


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FIGURE B.2(j) Oven Interior .

7.1.8 Heat and Thermal Shrinkage Resistance Test (hardware) This test is performed onhardware, excluding hookand pile, when they do notcontact a fire fighter’s body.Performance of thespecimens is observed afterexposure to 5 minutes of heatin a 260°C (500°F) oven.[See Figure B.2(k) andFigure B.2(l).]

The Heat ThermalShrinkageResistancis used forequiremeevaluate tability of thardwareremain fuand resistignition wexposed tThis testeliminatespossible hardwaregarmentswill not wiexposure certain levheatencountethe fireenvironme

FIGURE B.2(k) Oven Exterior.


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FIGURE B.2(l) Oven Interior.

7.1.9 Conductive and Compressive Heat Resistance (CCHR) Test This test is performed oncomposites from the shoulderand knee areas with all layersplaced in the same order asthey are constructed. Samplesizes are representative ofthe knee and shoulder areaand must be provided foreach composite combinationused by the garmentmanufacturer. Samples aretested in both the wet and drycondition under appliedpressure. [See FigureB.2(m) and Figure B.2(n).]

The CondandCompressHeat Res(CCHR) Tused to evthe propethe garmeshoulder aknee areawhich arelikely to bcompressreducing ;thermalinsulationreduced ucompress

FIGURE B.2(m) Conductive and Compressive Heat Resistance(CCHR) Test Machine in the Ready State.

The requisets a minnumber oseconds ufire fighte


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receive asecond-deburn wheareas arecompress

FIGURE B.2(n) Conductive and Compressive Heat Resistance(CCHR) Test Machine in Operation.

7.1.10 Thread Melting Test This test is performed on thesewing thread used in theconstruction of the garmentand is performed onspecimens “as received.”Sample threads are placedon a hot plate and slowlyheated to 260°C(500°F). This test isperformed in accordancewith ASTM D7138,Standard Test Method toDetermine MeltingTemperature of SyntheticFibers , on the three differentspecimens of sewing threadused in the construction ofthe garment as received.

The ThreaMelting Teused to evthe threadin theconstructithe garmedeterminewhether itleast the sheat resisas the fabused in thgarment’sconstructi

The temperature at which thethread melts or decomposesis recorded, and if it meltsbelow 260°C (500°F), it fails.

7.1.11 Tear Resistance Test (outer shells and collar linings)

[ UNNUMBERED Figure B.2(e)]

This test is performed inaccordance with ASTMD5587, Standard TestMethod for the Tearing ofFabrics by Trapezoid

The TearResistancis used forequirememeasure


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Procedure, on outer shellsand collar linings (testedindividually) as received andafter conditioning with 5 fivelaundering cycles. The testmeasures the force (inpounds) needed to continue apre-existing tear. Oppositeends of an intentionallynotched, trapezoidal-shapedspecimen are gripped in amachine and pulled apartuntil the specimen tearscompletely. [See FigureB.2(o) and Figure B.2(p).]

ability of touter sheand collarto resist futearing whsmall tearoccurs. Fatears furthexpose thfighter to products ocombustioalso is a tthe strengdurability fabric. Firfighting oca harshenvironmeincludes mhazards tmight teagarment.

FIGURE B.2(o) Sample Marked and Pre-cut for Test .

FIGURE B.2(p) Test Being Performed.


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7.1.12 Tear Resistance Test (moisture barriers, thermal barriers)

[UNNUMBERED Figure B.2(f)]

This test is performed inaccordance with ASTMD5587, Standard TestMethod for the Tearing ofFabrics by TrapezoidProcedure , on moisturebarriers, thermal barriers, andwinter liners as received andafter conditioning with 5 fivelaundering cycles. The testmeasures the force (inpounds) needed to continue apre-existing tear. Oppositeends of an intentionallynotched, trapezoidal-shapedspecimen are gripped in amachine and pulled apartuntil the specimen tearscompletely. [See FigureB.2(q).]

The TearResistancis used forequirememeasure ability of tthermal bmaterials the moistubarrier to further teawhen a smtear occuwhich furtexposes tfighter to products ocombustio

Figure B.2(q) Diagram of Trapezoidal Tear Test.

7.1.13 Seam-Breaking Strength Test

[UNNUMBERED Figure B.2(g)]

This test is performed inaccordance with ASTMD1683/D1683M , StandardTest Method for Failure inSewn Seams of WovenFabrics, on all garment seamassemblies. Samples aretested after conditioning.Opposite ends of a 50 mm ×200 mm (2 in. × 8 in.)specimen with the seambisecting the length aregripped in a machine andpulled apart until thespecimen breaks.[See FigureB.2(r).]

TheSeam-BreStrength Tused to evthe strenggarment sunder streThe testdemonstrthe durabthe seam indicator ophysicalperformanwhen subto repeatewearermovemenas bendinstretching


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Figure B.2(r) Seam Breaking Strength Test.

7.1.14 Water Penetration Resistance Test (moisture barriers) This test is performed onspecimens of garmentmoisture barriers that havebeen conditioned as receivedand after conditioning . Acircular portion of themoisture barrier is clampeddown in a hydrostatic testerand exposed to high waterpressure from underneath.The specimen is thenexamined for waterpenetration.

The WatePenetratioResistancis used toevaluate tability ofmoisture materials water fromgetting ththe barrietestdemonstrthe capacthe moistubarrier to the fire figdry from epressurizewater.

7.1.15 Liquid Penetration Resistance Test (moisture barrier and barrierseams)

This test is performed inaccordance with ASTM F903,Standard Test Method forFailure in Sewn Seams ofWoven Fabrics, on moisturebarrier fabric and seams forthe garment, shroud,footwear, bootie, and glove.Samples Specimens areconditioned for laundry andheat in specially madepockets comprised of twolayers of outer shell and alayer of thermal. barrier; theconditioning consists of 2cycles of 5 wash/drylaunderings and an ovenexposure of 140.6°C (285°F)for 10 minutes.

The LiquidPenetratioResistancis used toevaluate wor not thegarment’smoisture and seampenetratioliquids meberepresentthose comencountethe firegro

After conditioning, themoisture barrier layer isremoved from the four-layercomposite samples tobecome the moisture barrierspecimen used for testing.The specimens are thenplaced in a test cell where thenormal outer surface of thematerial is exposed to


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Aqueous Film Forming Foamconcentrate aqueousfilm-forming foam , batteryacid, synthetic surrogategasoline, fire-resistanthydraulic fluid, andswimming pool chlorineadditive , and automobileantifreeze fluid ; each liquid istested separately on anindividual specimen.

After 1 hour of exposure,each sample is evaluated. Noliquid can penetrate anysample.

7.1.16 Viral Penetration Resistance Test (moisture barrier and barrierseams)

UNNUMBERED Figure B.2(h)]

This test is performed inaccordance with ASTMF1671/F1671M , StandardTest Method for Resistance ofMaterials Used in ProtectiveClothing to Penetration byBlood-Borne PathogensUsing Phi-X-174Bacteriophage Penetration asa Test System, on moisturebarrier fabric and seams.Samples are conditioned forlaundry and heat in speciallymade pockets comprised oftwo layers of outer shell anda layer of thermal barrier; theconditioning consists of 2cycles of 5 wash/drylaunderings and an ovenexposure of 140.6°C (285°F)for 10 minutes. comprised oftwo layers of outer shell anda layer of thermal barrier.

The ViralPenetratioResistancis used toevaluate tability of tgarment’smoisture fabric andto keepblood-borpathogencoming incontact wfire fighteskin .

After conditioning, themoisture barrier layer isremoved from the four-layercomposite samples tobecome the moisture barrierspecimen used for testing.The specimens are thenplaced in a test cell where thetaped film side (the normalouter surface) is exposed tosurrogate virus in a liquidsolution and is evaluated forpassage of virus after 1 hour.

F IGURE B.2(s) Diagram of Viral Penetration Test for MoistureBarrier and Seams.

Any evidence of viruspassage through the barrierfabric or seam as determinedusing a microbiologicaltechnique constitutes failure.[See Figure B.2(s).]


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7.1.17 Cleaning Shrinkage Resistance Test (moisture barriers, winterliners, collar liners) (see also 7.2.4)

This test is performed onthree conditioned specimensof garment moisture barriers,winter liners (when provided),and collar liners, each testedindividually.

The CleanShrinkageResistancis used toevaluate hmuch garmaterials after repelaunderingshrinkagedecrease fighter’s m

This requirement allows nomore than a 5 percentchange in the width andlength dimensions after 5 fivewash and dry cycles inaccordance with AATCC 135,Dimensional Changes inAutomatic Home Launderingof Woven and Knit Fabrics.

7.1.18 Water Absorption Resistance Test (resistance to waterabsorption)

This test applies to thegarment outer shells andcollar lining. The conditionedspecimens, testedindividually, are mounted onan apparatus specified inAATCC 42, Test Method forWater Resistance: ImpactPenetration Test, andexposed to a constant flow ofwater to determine the levelof water absorption.

The WateAbsorptioResistancis used todeterminemuch watouter sheabsorbs. Trequiremelimits howwater canabsorbedabsorbedadds weigwhich incfire fightefatigue andecreasesfighter mo

7.1.19 Corrosion Resistance Test This test is performed inaccordance with ASTM B117,Test Method for WaterResistance: ImpactPenetration Test, to measurecorrosion. Metal hardware is

The CorroResistancis used toevaluate w(1) hardw(1) corrod


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exposed to a saline solutionspray for 20 hours followingwhich base metal can showno only slight surfacecorrosion and the hardwaremust remain functional.

(2) if it wilremain fuafter exteexposure spray.

Hardwarecan resultof thermaphysicalprotectionfire fighte

7.1.20 Label Durability and Legibility Test 1 This test is performed on thegarment with labelsattached, after launderingand abrasion to samplefabric . Garment labelspecimens are exposed to 10laundry cycles in accordancewith AATCC 135,Dimensional Changes inAutomatic Home Launderingof Woven and Knit Fabrics ,and then subjected toabrasion in accordance withASTM D4966, Standard TestMethod for AbrasionResistance of Textile Fabrics(Martindale Abrasion TestMethod)..

The LabeDurabilityLegibility used to evwhether othe label splace andlegible to unaided eafter expomultiplelaunderingabrasion, convectivThe preseand legibilabels isimportantgarmentidentificattracking.

7.1.21 Drag Rescue Device (DRD) Function Test Materials StrengthTest

This test is performed inaccordance with ASTMD6775, Standard TestMethod for Breaking Strengthand Elongation of TextileWebbing, Tape and BraidedMaterial, to measure thebreaking strength of DRDmaterials, seams, splices,and joints. Specimens areconditioned then elongated tothe point of breaking. Thepounds of force needed tobreak each specimen isrecorded and used tocalculate the averagebreaking strength of thespecimens.

The DragRescue D(DRD) MaStrength Tused to evthe strengthe DRDmaterials,seams, spand jointsdeterminewhether tspecimenwithstandforce of da downedfighter.

7.1.22 DRD Drag Rescue Device (DRD) Function Test This test is used to evaluateDRD functionality as it isinstalled in the coat orcoverall. The conditionedgarments and DRD, alongwith an SCBA, after

The DRDFunction Tused to asthe ease odeployingusing the


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conditioning at roomtemperature, are placed on amannequin manikin with anSCBA . The DRD isdeployed, and themannequin manikin isdragged for 2.5 m (96 in.). aspecified distance.

remove adowned fifighter.

The deployment time isrecorded and reported, theability to drag the manikin therequired distance is recordedand reported, and anychange in the position of theSCBA during deployment ordragging is recorded andreported.

Ten seconds is the maximumamount of time permitted todeploy the DRD. For the DRDto pass the test, the SCBAcan neither move higher onthe torso than when initiallydonned nor becomeseparated from themannequin during the test.

7.1.23 Light Degradation Resistance Test (moisture barrier) This test is performed inaccordance with ASTMG155, Standard Practice forOperating Xenon Arc LightApparatus for Exposure ofNon-Metallic Materials, onmoisture barriermaterials. and CBRN barrierlayers. Before testing,samples are conditionedthrough several cycles ofconditioning and inconvective heat. Samplesare conditioned in pocketscomprising two layers ofouter shell and a layer ofthermal barrier. Samples areconditioned for laundry andheat in specially madepockets comprised of twolayers of outer shell and onelayer of thermal barrier.

The LightDegradatResistancis used tomeasure much themoisture and CBRNlayers deas a resuexcessiveexposurethe perforrequiremea minimumexposure

FIGURE B.2(t) Exterior of Xenon Apparatus. After conditioning, themoisture barrier layer isremoved from the four-layercomposite samples tobecome the moisture barrierspecimen used for testing.The specimens are exposedto continuous light for 40hours using a X x enon

Often, themoisture is the firstthe ensemfail, especit has beeexposed tprolongedsunlight o


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apparatus, . After initialtesting, the specimensare then conditioned in adark, temperature-controlledroom. The specimens arethen tested one last time byapplying pressure with waterfor one 1 minute inaccordance with ASTM D751,Standard Test Methods forCoated Fabrics.[See FigureB.2(t) and Figure B.2(u).]

artificial ligThis test imeasure durability moisture

FIGURE B.2(u) Interior of Xenon Apparatus in Use.

7.1.24 Zipper Strength Test This test is used to evaluatezippers for crosswisebreaking strength of the chainand of the separating unit.They are also tested forholding strength of stops,retainers, and separatingunits and for operating forceand slider lock strength.

The ZippeStrength Tused to asthe durabfunctionalzippers afrepeated

7.1.25 Fastener Tape Strength Tests Test (breaking) This test, is performed afterthree launderings inaccordance with ASTMD5034, Standard TestMethod for Breaking Strengthand Elongation of TextileFabrics, and is based on therequirements of A-A- 55126B,Commercial Item Description,Fastener Tapes, Hook andLoop, Synthetic, . It is usedto evaluate the breakingstrength of hook and pile tapeby separately pulling the hook

The FasteTape StreTest is usthis requirto assessoverall strof tapes uhook and fastenersmaterial mmeet or eindustry-establisherequireme


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and pile tapes in the jaws of atensile testing machine untilthe tape breaks. The forceused at the breaking point isrecorded as the breakingstrength.

based on compositiwidth of th

7.1.26 Fastener Tape Strength Tests Test (shear) This test, is performed afterthree launderings inaccordance with ASTMD5169, Standard TestMethod for Shear Strength(Dynamic Method) of Hookand Loop Touch Fasteners,and and is based on therequirements ofA-A– 55126B, CommercialItem Description, FastenerTapes, Hook and Loop,Synthetic, . It is used toevaluate the shear strength ofthe hook and pile tape bymeasuring the force requiredto separate hook tapeoverlapping pile tape whenpulled between two jaws of atensile testing machine.Testing is performed after thetapes have been repeatedlyattached and detached. Themaximum measured force isreported as the shearstrength.

The FasteTape StreTest is usthis requirto assessdurability functionalthe hook ato not sepafter repeuse.

7.1.27 Fastener Tape Strength Tests Test (peel) This test, is performed afterthree launderings inaccordance with ASTMD5170, Standard TestMethod for Peel Strength (“T”Method) of Hook and LoopTouch Fasteners, and isbased on the requirements ofA-A- 55126B, CommercialItem Description, FastenerTapes, Hook and Loop,Synthetic , . It is used toevaluate the peel strength ofthe hook and pile tape. In thetest, hook tape is sealed overan equal length of pile tapeand the end of the two tapesare separated half theirlength. The two open ends oftape are attached to the jawsof a tensile testing machineand pulled to measure theforce required to completelyseparate the two tapes. Thistesting is performed after thetapes have been repeatedly

The FasteTape StreTest is usthis requirto assessdurability functionalthe hook ato stay seafter repeuse.


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sealed and resealed severaltimes.

7.2.2 Total Heat Loss (THL) Test This test is performed inaccordance with ASTMF1868, Standard Test Methodfor Thermal and EvaporativeResistance of ClothingMaterials Using a SweatingHot Plate, on conditionedsamples of the garmentcomposite (outer shell,moisture barrier, and thermalbarrier) conditioned at roomtemperature arranged in theorder and orientation as it isworn. Specimens are placedon a sweating hot plate toevaluate heat transfer underwet conditions and thermalresistance under dryconditions. These values arecombined in an equation toprovide a total heat lossvalue.

The Total Loss (THLis used toevaluate tamount othat can btransferrethe garmecompositeboth sweaevaporatiothe weareand condthrough thgarment toutsideenvironmeThe test dnot accouother matattached tbase garmcompositeas trim, poand other

Higher vaindicate bperformanmore heaHowever,appropriavalues fordepartmebe considwith TPP (See A.7.more deta

7.2.3 Retroreflectivity and Fluorescence Test (garment trim) The conditioned garment trimis tested for bothretroreflectivity andfluorescence. The coefficientof retroreflection is tested inaccordance with ASTM E809,Standard Practice forMeasuring PhotometricCharacteristics ofRetroreflectors. Onceretroreflection is determined,the specimen is evaluated forfluorescence. Thecolorimetric properties aremeasured in accordance withASTM E991, StandardPractice for ColorMeasurement of Fluorescent

TheRetrorefleandFluoresceTest is usevaluate hwell sampretroreflecand fluorematerial rtheirretroreflecandfluorescenThe standhasrequiremeretroreflec


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Specimens. and fluoreto enhancnighttime/light visib(retrorefleand daytimvisibility(fluoresce

Retroreflection/retroreflectivityis the reflection of light inwhich the reflected rays arepreferentially returned in thedirection close to the oppositeof the direction of the incidentrays, with the property beingmaintained over widevariations of the direction ofthe incident rays.

The visibifire fightecrucial duboth interexterioroperationaddition, aall emergeincidents in a roadw(apparatuplacemenmanyemergencincidents roadway-For fire figsafety, it iimportantgarmentseffectiveretroreflecand fluorefor consp(visibility)

Fluorescence is the processby which radiant flux ofcertain wavelengths isabsorbed andre-radiated reradiatednonthermally in other, usuallylonger, wavelengths.

7.2.4 Cleaning Shrinkage Resistance Test (outer shell, moisturebarrier, thermal barrier, winter liner, wristlet, bootie) (see also 7.1.17)

This test, performed inaccordance with AATCC 135,Dimensional Changes inAutomatic Home Launderingof Woven and Knit Fabrics ,measures the percent ofchange in the width andlength dimensions after 5 fivewash and dry cycles. Testsare performed on threespecimens of the conditionedgarment outer shell, moisturebarrier, thermal barrier, winterliner, wristlet, bootie materialwhere present, and protectivehoods. Each material andeach separable layer of acomposite material is testedseparately. The visibility of afire fighter is crucial duringboth interior and exterioroperations. In addition,almost all emergencyincidents begin in a roadway(apparatus placement), and

The CleanShrinkageResistancis used tomeasure much fabshrink aftecleaning; will not pathey shrinthan 5 peExcessiveshrinkagecompromfire fightemobility aimpact theinsulatingqualities ogarment.


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many emergency incidentsare roadway-related. For firefighter safety, it is importantthat garments have effectiveretroreflectivity andfluorescence for conspicuity(visibility).

7.2.5 Breaking Strength Test (outer shell and collar lining) This test is performed inaccordance with ASTMD6775, Standard TestMethod for BreakingStrength and Elongation ofTextile Webbing, Tape andBraided Material , on thegarment outer shell and collarlining materials (individually)after conditioning. Fivespecimens from the sample,in the warp and fill direction,are elongated to the point ofbreaking. [See Figure B.2(v)and Figure B.2(w).]

The BreaStrength Tused to evthe garmeouter shecollar lininstrength fmaterialrobustnesremains inruggedfiregroundenvironmeMaterialbreakagecompromthermal aphysicalprotectionfeatures ogarmentsincreasesrisk of fireburns andinjuries.

FIGURE B.2(v) Apparatus Ready for Test.

FIGURE B.2(w) Sample Fabric upon Completion of Test.


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7.2.6 Transmitted and Stored Thermal Energy Test (enhancedcomposites related to sleeves)

This test is performed inaccordance with ASTMF2731, Standard Test Methodfor Measuring the Transmittedand Stored Energy in FireFighter Protective ClothingSystems, on conditionedgarment sleeve compositescontaining enhancements;enhancements include, butare not limited to, trim,emblems, flags,reinforcements, and so forth.The test is run on a basecomposite with theenhancement attached,following wet conditioning ofthe samples.

The Transand StoreThermal ETest is usevaluate tability of tgarmentcompositeenhancemto store atransfer hthrough thcompositeenhancemthe skin. Tis used toevaluate tpotential finjury whecompositecompressduring a loheat andlonger timexposureThe testintended tensure ththere is a of protectthe fire fighelp explafire fightesustain pra burn injwhen thegarment dnot indicaevidence thermalexposure


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B.3 Helmets.


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Table B.3 is intended to serve as an abbreviated guide to all specified tests for helmets, including thewhole helmet, the helmet ear cover, and shrouds, all materials used in the construction of the wholehelmet, the faceshield, and goggle components. The tests evaluate whether or not the helmet meets theminimum performance requirements of the 2018 edition of NFPA 1971. They do not guarantee the safetyof the fire fighter or ensure the fire fighter will not experience an injury while wearing the helmet.

Table B.3 Helmets

Test Method Test Method Description Test Method Application

7.4.1 Top Impact ResistanceTest (Force)

This test is performed on three helmetspecimens, each of which isconditioned five ways prior to testing: atroom temperature, at low temperature,in convective heat (helmets andfaceshield/goggle components), , inradiant and convective heat (helmetonly) , and with wet conditioning.

The Top Impact Resistance Test(Force) is used to evaluate thehelmet’s shock absorptioncharacteristics from the impact of afalling object (such as ceilingmaterial) as well as fire fighterprotection from striking an objectwhile walking, crawling, or fallingon an object.

After conditioning, the three helmet ismounted on an aluminum head andadjusted to the size providing the leastamount of clearance. A specific weightsteel drop mass of 3.6 kg ± 0.5 kg (8 lb± 1 lb) is dropped from a height thatyields an a specific impact velocity ofwithin 2 percent of 5.47 m/sec (17.9ft/sec) .

This test is used to assess theeffect of force on the top of thehelmet when struck by falling orstationary objects. It also assessesthe level of protection from a headand or neck injury from the force ofimpact with a moving or stationaryobject.

The peak force and impact velocity arerecorded for a pass or fail performance.The amount of force transmittedthrough the helmet specimens cannotexceed 3780 N (850 lbf).

7.4.2 Impact ResistanceTest (Acceleration)

This test is performed on three helmetspecimens, each of which isconditioned four ways prior to eachimpact during testing: at roomtemperature, at low temperature, inradiant and convective heat, and withwet conditioning. The whole helmet willundergo accelerated impact testing onthe top, front, left, right, and back, inthat order.

The Impact Resistance Test(Acceleration) is used to evaluatethe helmet’s shock absorptioncharacteristics from the impact ofthe fire fighter falling on an object .

The helmet is tested on a headformusing a 5.17 kg ± 0.18 kg (11.4 lb. ± 0.4lb) specific weight drop assembly (testheadform, accelerometer, and movingportion of the headform guidanceassembly). The drop assembly isdropped from a height that creates aknown velocity.

This test assesses the level ofprotection from a head injurycaused by falling and striking thehead.

The maximum acceleration andduration of the acceleration values arerecorded for each impact for eachhelmet specimen. If one or more helmetspecimens fail in any condition or at anyimpact site, then the helmet fails in anycondition or at any impact site .

7.4.3 Physical PenetrationResistance Test

This test is performed on three helmetspecimens, each of which isconditioned five ways prior to each

The Physical PenetrationResistance Test is used to assesshow well the helmet will resist


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physical penetration test: at roomtemperature, at low temperature, inconvective heat (helmets andfaceshield/goggle components) , inradiant and convective heat, and withwet conditioning.

penetration by falling sharp objects(such as a nail in a structuralmember or a shard of glass) or bystationary sharp objects that the firefighter might strike while walking,crawling, or falling.

The test uses an ISO headform, apenetration striker 1 kg, + 0.02/–0.0 kg(2.2 lb, + 0.01/–0.00 lb) , and anelectrical contact indicator. Apenetration striker is dropped from aheight that yields a consistent velocityfor the test on the helmet. A minimum oftwo penetration tests applied at differenttest areas on each helmet areperformed.

If the test striker electrically orphysically contacts the headform in oneor more specific tests, the helmet fails.

7.4.4 Heat and ThermalShrinkage ResistanceTest(helmet: heatresistance)

This test is performed on threecomplete helmet specimens that aretested “ with all components in place,as received” and include the helmet earcover, helmet shroud, and helmetcover. The helmet shroud and helmetcover are laundry conditioned. .

The Heat and Thermal ShrinkageTest is used to evaluate whetherthe helmet shell and helmetcomponents can resist heat(doesn’t melt, drip, separate, orignite) and whether the helmet earcover, helmet shroud, helmetcover, and helmet chin strap canresist heat ( ; they don’t melt, drip,separate, or ignite. ) and thermalshrinkage. Materials Helmetcomponents that melt, drip,separate, or ignite might couldcontribute to burn injuries, andmaterials that shrink might impactthe insulating and functionalproperties of the material .

The helmet is placed in a preheatedconvective oven for 5 minutes.

The helmet is evaluated for ignition,melting, and dripping. There are severalpossible points of failure for this test:

(1) Parts of the complete helmetassembly that was were not in contactwith the headform before the test is arein contact with the headform after thetest.

(2) The back of the helmet becomesdistorted and extends more thana 41.3mm (1 5 ⁄8 in.) allowed below theoriginal position of the helmet shell.

(3) The front and sides of the helmetshell become distorted and extend morethan 30 mm (1 3 ⁄16 in.) allowed belowthe original position of the helmet shell.

(4) The retention system, energyabsorption system, or ear coversseparate, melt, or drip.


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(5) The chin strap closure device isdysfunctional.

(6) Any part of the helmet assemblyignites.

(7) The product labels ignite or melt.

(8) Any helmet assembly componentextends more than 30 mm (1 3 ⁄16

in.) allowed below the initial point of thehelmet shell in the front, both beforeand after oven exposure.

(9) The faceshield/goggle componentdrips.

7.4.5 Flame Resistance Test2, Procedures A and C

This test is performed on three helmetspecimens that are tested as received.

The Flame Resistance Test 2,Procedures A and C, is used toevaluate the helmet, undercontrolled test conditions, for itsability to self-extinguish after theflame is removed.

A flame is applied to the underside ofthe helmet (Procedure A) and the top ofthe helmet (Procedure C) using aBunsen burner for 15 seconds. Onceremoved, the afterflame and aftergloware evaluated.

The helmet cannot show any visibleafterflame or glow 5.0 seconds after thetest flame is removed in each test.

7.4.6 Thermal ProtectivePerformance (TPP) Test(earcover and helmet shroud )

This test is performed in accordancewith ISO 17492, Clothing for protectionagainst heat and flame —Determination of heat transmission onexposure to both flame and radiantheat, on the three helmet ear coverspecimens composites afterconditioning with 5 five launderingcycles. Specimens consist of materialsfrom the portion of the ear covers thatcover the ear and neck.

The Thermal ProtectivePerformance (TPP) test is used tomeasure the insulatingperformance of the helmet earcover and helmet shroud byevaluating how quickly heat istransferred from the outside of thehelmet to the inside where skinmight be in contact with thematerial. Under the given testconditions, which simulate severeflashover conditions, the TPP ratingdivided in half indicates theapproximate number of secondsuntil a fire fighter would receive asecond-degree burn.

A sample size of 175 mm × 175 mm (7in. × 7 in.) is exposed to both radiantand convective heat sources to simulateflashover.

This is the primary test to measurethe ability of the helmet ear coverand helmet shroud to protect thefire fighter from severe heat andflame. A TPP rating of 20.0 isacceptable because the interfacearea is overlapped by another partof the ensemble that also providesinsulation.

The rate of rise in temperature iscompared to the known skin responseto heat; the recorded time is multipliedby the heat exposure energy to


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determine the TPP rating. The TPPrating of the helmet ear cover has to beat least 20.

7.4.7 Retention System Test This test is performed on at leastthree complete helmets tested asreceived using a mechanical chinstructure. This test measures theretention of the chinstrap of a helmetafter 445 N (100 lbf) specific force isapplied for 60 seconds, + 15/–0seconds a specific time , by a tensiletest machine. The distance between thetop of the helmet and the bottom of therollers is measured.

The Retention System Test is usedto evaluate the helmet chinstrap’selongation and its resistance tobreaking or stretching underapplied force.If the helmet chinstrapbreaks or stretches too much, thehelmet is more likely to fall off thewearer, which willeliminate increases the protectionprovided by risk of injury to thehelmet fire fighter .

Each helmet is observed for breaks andslip or stretch. Failure occurs if one ormore any helmet specimens specimenshows a break or shows slip or stretchmeasured at more than 20.6 mm (¹³⁄16 what is allowed in. ). therequirement.

7.4.8 Suspension SystemRetention Test

This test is performed on at leastthree helmets tested as received on atensile testing machine. The strap is cutto ensure a sufficient length of strap issecured by the jaws of the machine.Increasing force of 0 N to 45 N ± 5 N (0lbf to 10 lbf ± 1 lbf) An increasing forceis applied along the centerline of thesuspension strap.

The Suspension System RetentionTest is used to evaluate whether ornot the helmet suspension systemseparates from the helmet shellunder applied force.

The specimen is inspected forseparation from the helmet shell.Failure occurs if one or more thehelmet suspension systemsseparate system separates from thehelmet shell.

If the helmet suspension systemseparates from the helmet, thehelmet is more likely to fall off thewearer, which willeliminate increase the protectionprovided by risk of injury to thehelmet fire fighter .

7.4.9 Shell Retention Test This test is performed on at leastthree helmets tested as received usinga tensile testing machine. The helmet isfirmly attached to the machine, similarto the attachment in the suspensionsystem test, and a specified maximumforce of 356 N (80 lbf) is applied to thehelmet for 1 minute, + 5/–0seconds specified period .

The Shell Retention Test is used toevaluate the ability of the helmetshell to stay attached to the helmetsuspension system or helmetretention system.

The helmet receives a pass or failperformance based on the separation ofthe helmet shell from the suspensionsystem or helmet retention system. Ifone or more a helmet shellsseparate shell separates from thehelmet suspension system or thehelmet retention system, the helmetfails.


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7.4.10 Flame ResistanceTest 1( [ all materialsutilized used in theconstruction of helmet chinstraps, excluding elastic and( hook and pile fastenerswhere these items areplaced so that they will notdirectly contact , elastic, andlabels might be excludedfrom the wearer’s body orhood; test depending ontheir location in thegarment) and goggle strapmaterials) .]

This test is performed in accordancewith ASTM D6413/D6413M , StandardTest Method for Flame Resistance ofTextiles (Vertical Test), on five samplesof on all materials used in theconstruction of the helmetchinstrap chin strap , with eachseparable layer tested individually afterconditioning with 5 five laundry cycles.

The Flame Resistance Test 1 isused to evaluate the helmetchinstraps’ and the goggle straps’resistance to an open flame andthe ability to self-extinguish onceremoved. The char length andafterflame are measured andaveraged and evidence of meltingor dripping is recorded andconstitutes failure of the material.

Hood label Helmet chin straps are cutfrom the conditioned samples andtested in a vertical flame chamber inaccordance with ASTMD6413/D6413M . Observers will recordthe afterglow, char length, and visiblemelting or dripping.

This is the primary test to establishthe flame-resistant properties andthe ability of the materials used inhelmet chin strap construction toself-extinguish once removed fromflame .

Materials cannot char more than 100mm ( 4 in.), on average; cannot showafterflame 2.0 seconds, on average,after removal of the test flame; andcannot melt or drip.

7.4.11 Heat and ThermalShrinkage ResistanceTest(helmet chin strap:shrinkage, melting,separation and ignition)

This test is performed on at least threehelmet chinstrap chin strap specimensafter conditioning with 5 five launderingcycles. The helmet shell is measured ineight places for evidence of shelldistortion, before and after testing. Thehelmet chinstrap chin strap issuspended in a 260°C (500°F, +10/–0°F preheated oven for a 5minutes specified time.

The Heat and Thermal ShrinkageResistance Test is used to evaluatethe ability of the helmet’schinstrap chin strap to remainfunctional and resist melting,separation, ignition, and shrinkage.

Following testing, the samples areobserved for evidence of melting,dripping, separation, or and ignition.The helmet chin strap specimenscannot shrink more than 10 percentlengthwise, on average, and theycannot melt, separate or ignite. If one ormore specimens shows evidence ofmelting, separation, or ignition, thehelmet chinstrap chin strap fails.

Melting, separation, ignition, andexcessive shrinkage of the helmetchinstrip chin strap might causeinjury to the wearer.

7.4.12 Thread Melting Test This test is performed in accordancewith ASTM D7138 , Standard TestMethod to Determine MeltingTemperature of Synthetic Fibers, on thethree different specimens of sewingthread used in the construction of thehelmet “ as received.” The specimen ispressed together between two coverglasses at a temperature within 15°C(59°F) of the expected melting point(previously determined) for 1 minute. .

The Thread Melting Test is used toevaluate the thread used in theconstruction of the helmet todetermine if it has at least the sameheat resistance as the fabric usedin garment construction.


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The temperature at which the threadmelts or decomposes is recorded, and ifit melts below 260°C (500°F), it fails.

7.4.13 Corrosion ResistanceTest

This test is performed in accordancewith ASTM B117, Test Method forWater Resistnace: Impact PenetrationTest , to measure corrosion. Metalhardware is exposed to a saline solutionspray for 20 hours, following which basemetal can show no only slight surfacecorrosion and the hardware mustremain functional.

The Corrosion Resistance Test isused to evaluate whether (1)hardware will (1) corrode and (2)hardware will remain functionalafter extended exposure to saltspray.

Hardware failure can result in lossof thermal and physical protectionfor the firefighter fire fighter .

7.4.14 Label Durability andLegibility Test 2

This test is performed on at least threehelmets with labels attached, each ofwhich is conditioned four ways prior totesting: at room temperature, at lowtemperature, in radiant and convectiveheat, and with wet conditioning.

The Label Durability and LegibilityTest 2 is used to evaluate whetheror not the label is legible after roomand low temperature exposure,radiant and convective heatexposure, and wet conditioning.The presence and legibility oflabels is important for helmetidentification and tracking.

After all conditioning methods arecompleted, the labels are visuallyevaluated by a person with 20/20 visionor corrected to 20/20 at a distance of305 mm (12 in.) in a well-illuminatedarea.

Helmet labels are examined to see ifthey both remained in place andattached and for legibility to determineif they are still legible . One or morelabel specimens failing either theplacement or the legibility test results infailure.

7.4.15 Faceshield/GoggleComponent Lens ImpactResistance Test, TestsOne 1 and Two 2

This test is performed on a minimum ofthree complete helmets with thefaceshield component or gogglecomponents, each of which isconditioned four ways prior to testing: atroom temperature, at low temperature,in convective heat, and with wetconditioning.

The Faceshield/Goggle ComponentLens Impact Resistance Test isused to evaluate whether or not thefaceshield and goggle componentsresist impact by preventing contactwith . In either test, if the “ eye” ofthe on a headform andpreventing is contacted by parts orfragments that have been ejectedfrom of the faceshield or gogglecomponent then the helmet fails .

Test One 1 is a high-mass-impactprocedure that secures the specimenfor testing on a facial feature headform.A missile is dropped through a loose-fitting guide tube from 1300 mm (513 ⁄16 in.) a specific distance in line withthe eyes of the faceshield or gogglecomponent. At least four specimens aretested, and a lens break constitutes

This test evaluates the impactresistance of the faceshield/gogglecomponent Lens to impact fromflying or falling objects.


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failure.

Test Two 2 is a high-velocity-impactprocedure that secures the specimenfor testing on a facial feature headform.A steel ball weighing 1.06 g (0.04 oz)and measuring 6 mm ( ¹⁄4 in.) indiameter specific amounts is propelledtoward the faceshield or gogglecomponent at various locations at 76m/sec (250 ft/sec). At least one impactprocedure is conducted on eachspecimen a specific speed . One ormore helmet specimens failing this testmeans the helmet fails.

Both tests are evaluated for evidence ofejected parts from or fragments of thefaceshield or goggle component. A lensbreak constitutes failure. touching the“eye” of the headform . Morespecifically, no faceshield/gogglecomponents can contact an eye “eye”of the headform, and no parts orfragments can be ejected from thecomponent that could contact theeye “eye” of the headform.

7.4.16 Flame ResistanceTest 2, Procedure B(faceshield/gogglecomponents)

This test is performed on three helmetspecimens with the faceshield/gogglecomponents attached as received onthe face shield and goggle componentsof the complete helmet. The bottomedge of the faceshield/gogglecomponents is subjected to a flame fora 15 seconds specific time , using aBunsen burner underneath, after whichthe duration of the afterflame ismeasured, reported, and recorded.

The Flame Resistance Test 2,Procedure B, is used to evaluatethe faceshield and gogglecomponent’s resistance to an openflame and the ability toself-extinguish once removed.

The faceshield/goggle componentcannot show any visible afterflame 5.0seconds after removal of the test flame.

7.5.2 Flame Resistance Test1(all fabrics used in theconstruction offaceshield/gogglecomponents)

This test is performed in accordancewith ASTM D6413/D6413M , StandardTest Method for Flame Resistance ofTextiles (Vertical Test) , on fivespecimens of all fabric strap materialsused in the construction of thefaceshield and goggle components. Thefaceshield and goggle components aretested after 5 five conditioning laundrycycles. This test is performed on avertical flame chamber in accordancewith ASTM D6413.

The Flame Resistance Test is usedto evaluate the faceshield or gogglestrap material, under controlled testconditions, for its ability toself-extinguish after the flame isremoved. The char length of thematerial after exposure to flame isalso measured.

The faceshield or goggle strap materialsare evaluated on a pass/failperformance based on any observedmelting, dripping, afterglow afterflame ,and length of charring.


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Materials cannot char more than 100mm (4 in.), and cannot show afterflame2.0 5 seconds after removal of the testflame, and cannot melt or drip .

This is the primary test to establishthe flame-resistant properties of thematerials used ingarment faceshield/gogglecomponent construction toself-extinguish once removed fromflame .

7.5.3 Faceshield/GoggleComponent Lens ScratchResistance Test

This test is performed on sevenspecimens chosen from at least four offaceshield/goggle component lenses inas-received condition.

The Faceshield/Goggle ComponentLens Scratch Resistance Test isused to assess the durability andclarity of the faceshield and gogglelens material after exposure toabrasion.

The specimen is placed in the testfixture and a 30 mm (1 in.) specificdiameter wool felt polishing pad isattached to the pad holder. Theabrasive disc is rotated on top of eachspecimen for 200 a specific number ofcycles. The haze of the specimen isevaluated before and after abrasionusing a haze meter in accordance withASTM D1003, Standard Test Methodfor Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent Plastics. The delta hazeis calculated by subtracting the initialhaze measurement from the final hazemeasurement, the values for all testsare then averaged.

The average change in haze cannotincrease more than 25 percent afterabrasion.

7.5.4 Luminous (Visible)TransmittanceTest(faceshield/gogglecomponent lenses)

This test is performed on at least threecomplete faceshield/goggle componentlenses in as-received condition todetermine how much light is transmittedthrough the lens. The standard sourcefor measuring radiant energy ofluminous transmittance is used todetermine the average amount of lighttransmittance. A pass/fail rating isadministered.

The Luminous (Visible)Transmittance Test is used tomeasure how much light passesthrough the faceshield/gogglecomponent lens.

Clear lenses must transmit a minimumof 85 percent of the incident visibleradiation and colored lenses musttransmit a minimum of 43 percent of theincident visible radiation.

All lenses block some visible lightand fire fighters have to wearprotective faceshields/goggles.This requirement limits how muchlight can be blocked to prevent theuse of lens materials that reduce afire fighter’s ability to see by morethan an industry-accepted amount.

7.5.5 Flame Resistance Test2, Procedure D( for( faceshield/gogglecomponent attachmenthardware, where provided)

This test is performed on threespecimen helmets withfaceshield/goggle componentattachment hardware in place inas-received condition.

The Flame Resistance Test 2,Procedure D, is used to evaluatethe resistance of thefaceshield/goggle component’smounting hardware to an openflame and the its ability toself-extinguish after the flame is


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removed.

The complete helmet withfaceshield/goggle component ismounted on a headform, and thefaceshield/goggle component isexposed for 15 seconds a specific time ,to an open flame using a Bunsenburner. The specimens are evaluatedfor the duration of an afterflame andafterglow.

The longest measured afterflame timeis used to determine pass or fail. Anyafterglow exceeding 5.0 secondsconstitutes failure.

7.5.6 Electrical InsulationTest 1, Procedure A andProcedure B

These tests are performed on at leastthree complete helmets in “ asreceived” condition.

The Electrical Insulation Test 1,Procedure A and Procedure B,are is used to evaluate the abilityof the helmet to protect the firefighter against electricity conductedthrough accidental contact with livewires.

Procedure A — The the helmet isinverted and filled to a specific line withtap water. The specimen is thensubmerged in the same type of water tothe test line. An electric voltage isapplied to the water inside thespecimen at 2200 volts ± 2 percent aspecific voltage for 1 minute a specifictime . The water outside the helmet ismeasured for current leakage.

Procedure B — The specimen and theretention system are submerged in tapwater for 15 minutes a specific time ,then they are removed from the waterand allowed to drain for no more than 2minutes. A lead carrying 60 Hzalternating voltage is attached to themetal hardware parts on the exterior ofthe helmet, at or above the brim edge.Voltage is applied to the external helmetshell lead and increased to 2200 volts ±2 percent a specific level for 15seconds a specific time . The metalheadform head form is used tomeasure the current leakage orevidence of breakdown.

One or more helmet specimens cannothave leakage current exceeding 3.0mA in either test Procedure A orProcedure B.

7.5.7 Flame Resistance Test1(all materials used inhelmet ear covers, exceptelastic and hook and pilewhere these items do notcome in direct contact with

This test is performed in accordancewith ASTM D6413, Standard TestMethod for Flame Resistance ofTextiles (Vertical Test) , individually atleast five specimens of on all materialsused in the construction of helmet ear

The Flame Resistance Test 1 isused to evaluate the helmet earcover material, under controlledtest conditions, for its ability toself-extinguish after the flame isremoved. The char length of the


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the wearer’s body or hood) covers (except elastic and hook and pilewhen they are placed so that they willnot directly contact the wearer’s body orhood) after conditioning.

material after exposure to flame isalso measured.

Each separable layer of multilayercomposites are tested individually.(e.g.,if the composite has a sewn-in thermalliner, the outer shell and thermal linerare tested sewn together. If the liner isseparable, then each layer is tested byitself.)

This is the primary test to establishthe flame-resistant properties of thematerials used in garmentconstruction and, in this instance,is used to make sure the helmetear covers have the same heatresistance as the fabric used inconstruction of the helmet earcover construction .

The specimen is suspended over aflame for 12 seconds to determine howeasily the material ignites. Ease ofignition and charring characteristics areobserved and recorded.

Materials cannot char more than 100mm (4 in.), cannot show afterflame 2.0seconds after removal of the test flame,and cannot melt or drip.

7.5.8 Heat and ThermalShrinkage Resistance Test( [ all materials used inhelmet ear covers, except( elastic and hook and pilewhere these items do notcome in direct contactwith might be excluded fromthe wearer’s body orhood, test depending ontheir location in thegarment) for shrinkage,melting, separation, andignition) ]

This test is performed individually onthree specimens of all materials used inthe construction of helmet ear covers(except elastic and hook and pile whenthey are placed so that they will notdirectly contact might be excluded fromthe wearer’s body or hood) in “ testdepending on their location in thegarment) in “ as received” -condition.

The Heat and Thermal ShrinkageResistance Test is used for thisrequirement to evaluate thematerials for shrinkage, melting,separation, and ignition afterexposure to high temperatures.

The specimen is placed suspended inthe center of the oven with the front ofthe helmet facing the airflow at 260°C,+ 6/–0°C (500°F, + 10/–0°C) for 5minutes . Post-exposure measurementsare taken to ensure that heat shrinkageis less than 10 percent in eachdirection.

Melting, separation, ignition, orexcessive shrinkage can causeinjury to the wearer.

Materials cannot shrink more than 10percent in any direction (the helmetchinstrap is only measured lengthwise) ,and they cannot melt, separate, orignite.

7.5.9 Retroreflectivity andFluorescence Test (helmetvisibility markings)

The conditioned garment helmet trim istested for both retroreflectivity andfluorescence. The coefficient ofretroreflection is tested in accordancewith ASTM E809, Standard Practicefor Measuring PhotometricCharacteristics of Retroreflectors .Once retroreflection is determined, the

The Retroreflectivity andFluorescence Test is used toevaluate how well samples ofretroreflective and fluorescentmaterial retain their retroreflectivityand fluorescence. The standardhas requirements forretroreflectivity and fluorescence to


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specimen is evaluated for fluorescence.The colorimetric properties aremeasured in accordance with ASTME991, Standard Practice for ColorMeasurement of FluorescentSpecimens .

enhance nighttime/low light visibility(retroreflection) and daytimevisibility (fluorescence).

Retroreflection/retroreflectivity is thereflection of light in which the reflectedrays are preferentially returned in thedirection close to the opposite of thedirection of the incident rays, with theproperty being maintained over widevariations of the direction of the incidentrays.

The visibility of a fire fighter iscrucial during both interior andexterior operations. In addition,almost all emergency incidentsbegin in a roadway (apparatusplacement), and many emergencyincidents are roadway-related. Forfire fighter safety, it is important thatgarments have effectiveretroreflectivity and fluorescence forconspicuity (visibility).

Fluorescence is the process by whichradiant flux of certain wavelengths isabsorbed and re-radiatednon-thermally reradiated nonthermally ,in other, usually longer, wavelengths.

7.5.10 Helmet Ear CoverRemoval Test

An individual provided with themanufacturer instructions is timed onhow long it takes to remove the earcovers from the helmet.

This requirement is intended topromote the removal of ear coversfrom helmets to enable theircleaning.


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B.4 Gloves.


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Table B.4 is intended to serve as an abbreviated guide to all specified tests for whole gloves, includingthe whole glove, glove interface, glove body, glove lining materials, glove extension, and all materialsused in the construction of the whole glove. These tests evaluate whether or not the gloves meet theminimum performance requirements of the 2018 edition of NFPA 1971. They do not guarantee the safetyof the fire fighter or ensure the fire fighter will not experience an injury while wearing the gloves. Sometests are performed on “new, as distributed” gloves that have undergone conditioning. This might seemcontradictory, but the conditioning is limited to environmental parameters, and “new, as distributed”condition ensures that the gloves have not been broken in in any way.

Table B.4 Gloves


7.7.1 ThermalProtectivePerformance(TPP)

This test is performed in accordance with ISO17492, Clothing for protection against heat andflame — Determination of heat transmission onexposure to both flame and radiant heat , on theglove body composite as received and afterconditioning with 5 five laundering cycles. Theglove body composite is exposed to direct flameand radiant heat to simulate flashover.

The Thermal ProtectivePerformance (TPP) test is used tomeasure the insulating performanceof the two-layer system compositeby evaluating how quickly heat istransferred from the outside of theglove body to the inside. Under thegiven test conditions, whichsimulate severe flashoverconditions, the TPP rating divided inhalf indicates the approximatenumber of seconds until a firefighter would receive a second-degree burn.

(glove bodycomposite)

The rate of rise in temperature is recorded andcompared to the known skin response to heat;the recorded time is multiplied by the heatexposure energy to determine the TPP rating.The average TPP rating has to be at least 35.0 .

This is the primary test to measurethe glove body's ability to protectthe fire fighter from severe heat andflame. The higher the number, thehigher the protection from heat(under the specific testconditions)and, in contrast, thehigher the heat stress on the firefighter .

7.7.2 ThermalProtectivePerformance(TPP)

This test is performed in accordance with ISO17492, Clothing for protection against heat andflame — Determination of heat transmission onexposure to both flame and radiant heat , on theglove wristlet or gauntlet interface component asreceived and after conditioning with 5 fivelaundering cycles. The pouches Specimens areexposed to direct flame and radiant heat tosimulate flashover.

The Thermal ProtectivePerformance (TPP) test is used tomeasure the insulating performanceof the two-layer system interfacecomponent by evaluating howquickly heat is transferred from theoutside of the glove interface to theinside. Under the given testconditions, which simulate severeflashover conditions, the TPP ratingdivided in half indicates theapproximate number of secondsuntil a fire fighter would receive asecond-degree burn.

(glove interfacecomponentcomposite)

The rate of rise in temperature is compared tothe known skin response to heat; the recordedtime is multiplied by the heat exposure energy todetermine the TPP rating. The TPP rating of theglove interface component composite has to beat least 20.0 .

This is the primary test to measurethe glove interface's ability toprotect the fire fighter from severeheat and flame. A TPP rating of20.0 is acceptable because theinterface area is overlapped byanother part of the ensemble thatalso provides insulation.


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7.7.3 Heat andThermal ShrinkageResistance Test

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF2894, Standard Test Method for Evaluation ofMaterials, Protective Clothing and Equipment forHeat Resistance Using a Hot Air CirculatingOven, after conditioning the whole. Whole glovewith 5 laundering cycles. Before testing, theglove is donned and flexed 10 times within 30seconds. The samples are measured in thelength and width directions before , laundered,exposed to heat, and then measured a secondtime. For the heat exposure. The , the glovefingers are filled with a finite amount of glassbeads and the glove body is packed tightly witha mesh bag containing a finite amount of glassbeads with , then the glove opening is clampedtogether. The glove is suspended by a clamp andplaced in a 260°C (500°F) preheated oven for 5minutes a specified period. After the heatexposure and second measuring, the glove isdonned and flexed .

The Heat and Thermal ShrinkageResistance Test is used for thisrequirement to evaluate the glovesfor melting, separation, ignition, andshrinkage after exposure to hightemperatures.

(gloves: shrink,melt, separate, orignite)

The specimen cannot melt, separate, or ignite,or shrink more than 8 percent in length or width.The specimen also has to be donnable andflexible.

Specimens cannot melt, separate,or ignite, and they cannot shrinkmore than 8 percent. Excessiveshrinkage will limit the dexterity andthermal protection of the glove. Theglass beads simulate the mass ofthe hand inside the glove.


This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF2894, Standard Test Method for Evaluation ofMaterials, Protective Clothing and Equipment forHeat Resistance Using a Hot Air CirculatingOven, after conditioning with 5 of fivelaundering cycles on ; all layers of the glovelining material between the moisture barrier layerand the hand are tested individually. The glovelining is packed tightly with glass beads andclamped together. The glove lining is suspendedby a clamp and placed in a 260°C(500°F) preheated oven for 5 minutes aspecified period .

The Heat and Thermal ShrinkageResistance Test is used for thisrequirement to evaluate the glovelining materials for melting,separation, or ignition afterexposure to high temperatures.This test attempts to prevent theuse of materials that melt, separate,or ignite, against the wearer’shands, under specific testconditions.

(glove liningmaterials: melt,separate, or ignite)

Following exposure, the glove lining material isevaluated for evidence of melting, dripping,separation, or ignition.

7.7.5 ConductiveHeat ResistanceTest 1

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF1060, Standard Test Method for ThermalProtective Performance of Materials forProtective Clothing for Hot Surface Contact, onthe glove body composite palm side under fourseparate conditions: unlaundered wet,unlaundered dry, laundered wet, and laundereddry. The test measures the heat transfer throughthe composite when it is placed on a hot plate at280°C (536°F) a specific temperature and relatesthe transferred heat energy to predicted times tosensation of pain and second-degree burn injury.The test is conducted under pressure.

The Conductive Heat ResistanceTest 1 is used to evaluate the glovebody palm side materials forthermal insulation when the glove iscompressed in both dry and wetenvironments. The test conditionsare not intended to simulate allactual fireground exposures butrather serve as a range ofconditions where heat transferthrough to evaluate glovematerials could vary for resistanceto conductive heat transfer under aspecific condition . This test is usedto determine the protection


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provided by the glove when a firefighter makes direct contact with aheated object.

Both the time to pain and time to second-degreeburn (based on the Stoll Curve) are recorded foreach specimen. The test is also conductedunder pressure with different pressures appliedto the composites on the back of the gloveversus those composites on the palm side of theglove.


The average time to pain cannot be fewer than 6seconds, and the average time to second-degreeburn cannot be fewer than 10 seconds.

7.7.6 FlameResistance Test 3(glove bodycomposite: charlength, afterflame,melt, drip,consumedmaterials)

7.7.7 FlameResistance Test 3(glove interfacecomponentcomposite: charlength, afterflame,melt, drip,consumedmaterials)

7.7.8 FlameResistance Test3(glove extensioncomposite:afterflame, melt,drip, consumedmaterials)

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMD6413, Standard Test Method for FlameResistance of Textiles (Vertical Test) , on theglove body composite (7.7.6), glove interface(7.7.7), and glove extension composite (7.7.8).Specimens are tested after conditioning. Thespecimen is mounted and suspended over aburner flame for 12 seconds. Once removed fromthe flame, the specimens are examined forafterflame, melting, dripping, and the amount ofmaterial that is consumed as a result of the heatexposure. Charring characteristics are evaluatedafter the specimen has been conditioned.

The glove body composite cannot have anaverage char length of more than 100 mm (4 in.);the average afterflame of the specimens cannotbe more than 2 seconds; the specimens cannotmelt or drip; the amount of consumed materialscannot exceed 5 percent.

The Flame Resistance Test 3 is theprimary test used to establish theflame-resistant properties of thematerials used in gloveconstruction. This test is used toevaluate how easily the material’signites, its ability to self-extinguishafter the flame is removed, and howmuch the material chars ordisintegrates following theexposure.

7.7.9 ThreadMelting Test

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMD7138 on the three different specimens ofsewing thread used in the construction of thegloves. The test is performed on specimens “ asreceived.” Sample threads are placed on a hotplate and slowly heated to 260°C (500°F).

The Thread Melting Test is used toevaluate the thread used in theconstruction of the gloves todetermine if it has at least the sameheat resistance as the fabric usedin its construction.

The temperature at which the thread melts ordecomposes is recorded; if it melts below 260°C(500°F), that specific temperature, it fails.

7.7.10 ViralPenetrationResistance Test

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF1671, Standard Test Method for Resistance ofMaterials Used in Protective Clothing toPenetration by Blood-Borne Pathogens UsingPhi-X-174 Bacteriophage Penetration as a TestSystem , on the moisture barrier fabric andseams. Samples are conditioned in multilayercomposite samples by subjecting them torepeated cycles of laundering, followed byconvective heat conditioning.

The Viral Penetration ResistanceTest is used to evaluate the abilityof the glove body moisture barrierfabric and seams to keepblood-borne pathogens fromcoming in contact with the firefighter’s skin.


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(glove moisturebarrier fabricand body seams)

After conditioning, the moisture barrier layer isremoved from the multilayer composite pouch tobecome the moisture barrier specimen fortesting. The specimens are then placed in a testcell where the taped film side (the normal outersurface) is exposed to a surrogate virus in aliquid solution and is evaluated for passage of thevirus after 1 hour.

Any evidence for virus passing through thebarrier fabric or seam, as determined using amicrobiological technique, constitutes a failure.

After conditioning, the moisture barrier layer isremoved from the multilayer composite pouch tobecome the moisture barrier specimen fortesting. The specimens are then placed in a testcell where the taped film side (the normal outersurface) is exposed to a surrogate virus in aliquid solution and is evaluated for passage of thevirus after 1 hour.

7.7.11 LiquidPenetrationResistance Test(glove bodyseams)

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF903, Standard Test Method for Failure in SewnSeams of Woven Fabrics , on the glove bodymoisture barrier fabric and seams. Samples areconditioned in multilayer composite samples bysubjecting them to repeated cycles of laundering,followed by convective heat conditioning. Themoisture barrier specimens are then placed in atest cell where the taped film side (the normalouter surface) is exposed to Aqueous FilmForming Foam concentrate aqueous film-formingfoam , battery acid, synthetic surrogate gasoline,fire-resistant hydraulic fluid, and swimming poolchlorine additive , and automobile antifreezefluid . Each liquid is tested separately on anindividual specimen. After 1 hour of exposure,each sample is evaluated. No liquid canpenetrate any sample.

The Liquid Penetration ResistanceTest is used to evaluate whether ornot the glove body moisture barrierfabric and seams resist penetrationof liquids meant to berepresentative of those commonlyencountered on the fireground.However, liquid chemicals can stillpermeate the clothing materials bypassing through moisture barriersand seams on a molecular level.

7.7.12 CutResistance Test

(gloves)

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF1790, Standard Test Methods for Measuring CutResistance of Materials Used in ProtectiveClothing with CPP Test Equipment, on at leastthree conditioned samples of the glove bodycomposite under a specific load of 300 g . Smallspecimens of the glove body composite areclamped to a metal rod while a blade passesacross the specimen until it makes contact withthe metal rod.

The Cut Resistance Test is used forthis requirement to evaluate theability of the glove body compositeto resist being cut, under specifictest conditions. Longer blade traveldistances represent greater cutresistance because it takes longerfor the blade to cut through thematerial.


The distance the blade passes across eachspecimen without cutting through the material isrecorded, then averaged. The average distancethe blade travels across the material withoutcutting through the material has to be more than20 mm (0.8 in.) a specific length .

7.7.13 CutResistance Test[glove interfaceareas

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF1790, Standard Test Methods for MeasuringCut Resistance of Materials Used in ProtectiveClothing with CPP Test Equipment , on

The Cut Resistance Test is used forthis requirement to evaluate theability of the glove interface areasto resist being cut, under specific


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conditioned samples of the glove wristlet orgauntlet interface component under a specificload of 300 g . The specimen is clamped to ametal rod while a blade passes across thespecimen until it makes contact with the metalrod.

test conditions. Longer blade traveldistances represent greater cutresistance because it takes longerfor the blade to cut through thematerial.

(wristlets andgauntlets gloveinterfacecomponent )]

The distance the blade passes across eachspecimen without cutting through the material isrecorded, then averaged. The average distancethe blade travels across the material withoutcutting through the material has to be more than200 mm (0.8 in.) a specific length .

7.7.14 PunctureResistance Test

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF1342, Standard Test Method for ProtectiveClothing Material Resistance to Puncture, oncomplete gloves or glove composite pouches thatare both dry and wet. Specimens are clampedinto a fixture while force is applied to puncturethe specimen with a nail-like probe.

The Puncture Resistance Test isused to evaluate the ability of thegloves or glove composite pouchesto resist puncture under specifictest conditions.

The force required to puncture each sample isrecorded, then averaged. The , and the sampleshave to resist puncture under at least 40 N (8.8lbf) the specified force .


(NOTE Note : this test does notensure that gloves will be puncture-proof, only puncture resistant.)Higher force averages indicategreater puncture resistance.

7.7.15 Glove HandFunction Test

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF2010,/F2010M , Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Glove Effects on Wearer HandDexterity Using a Modified Pegboard Test, on atleast three pairs of whole gloves, sized 70W and76W, in two sizes, as received.

The Glove Hand Function Test isused to determine whether theglove meets a minimumrequirement for dexterity. The lowerpercentages indicate that thegloves have fewer adverse effectson fire fighter dexterity.

A test subject picks up metal pins and placesthem in a horizontal pegboard without gloves.The subject immediately repeats the test whilewearing the correct size specimen gloves. Thetime it takes to complete the task is recorded forboth tests, and an average is calculated andused to calculate a percentage that representshow much faster the test was completedbare-handed than with gloved hands.

To meet this requirement,bare-handed control cannot offermore than 220 percent bettercontrol than gloved hands. In otherwords, if it takes, on average, 60seconds to complete the testbarehanded, it cannot take morethan 132 seconds, on average, tocomplete the same task with glovedhands.

That percentage is reported as the bare-handedcontrol for each glove size. The average resultfor bare-handed control cannot exceed 220percent.

7.7.16 BurstStrength Test

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMD6797, Standard Test Method for BurstingStrength of Fabrics Constant-Rate-of-Extension(CRE) Ball Burst Test, on the knit glove wristletmaterials as received.

The Burst Strength Test is used toevaluate the strength of the glovewristlet material by measuring itsresistance to bursting or rupturingwhen force is applied under specifictest conditions.


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(knit glove wristletmaterial)

A tensile testing machine is used to push a steelball through the clamped wristlet material. Themaximum force used to burst the material isrecorded. The specimen cannot burst underfewer less than 225 N (51 lbf) the specifiedforce .

It is used to determine whether, onaverage, the glove wristlet cansustain applied force of at least thespecified force, under specific testconditions. Higher bursting forceresistance numbers indicatestronger wristlet materials.

7.7.17Seam-BreakingStrength Test

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMD1683, Standard Test Method for Failure in SewnSeams of Woven Fabrics, on the conditionedglove body and glove interface componentseams.

The Seam-Breaking Strength Testis used to evaluate the strength ofthe glove’s interface seams understress. The durability of the seam isan indicator of physicalperformance when the glove issubjected to repeated donning,doffing, gripping, bending, andstretching. Higher breaking forcesindicate stronger seams.

Opposite ends of a 50 mm × 200 mm (2 in. × 8in.) specimen, with the seam bisecting thelength, are gripped in a machine and pulled apartuntil the specimen breaks.

If testing knit materials, the test is performed inaccordance with ASTM D6797, Standard TestMethod for Bursting Strength of FabricsConstant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball BurstTest .

The force required to break the seam is recordedand averaged for the test specimens and theaverage result cannot be less than 182 N (41lbf) the specified force .

7.7.18 OverallLiquid IntegrityTest 1

This test is performed on at least three pairs ofwhole gloves, sized 70W and 76W in two sizes ,after conditioning and convective heatconditioning.

The Overall Liquid Integrity Test 1 isused to evaluate the glove‘s glove’sresistance to leakage whensubmerged in water, under specifictest conditions. Surfactanttreatments are used to lower watersurface tension, making waterpenetration easier.

The test subject dons an inner glove and thenthe glove to be tested and submerges theglove gloved hand in surfactant-treated water, tothe height line on the glove below the opening,for 5 minutes while flexing the hands into a fistevery 10 seconds.

The appearance, after testing, of any water markon the inner glove of any of the three pairs ofgloves is recorded and reported. Theappearance, after testing, of any water mark onthe inner glove of any glove is consideredleakage and constitutes failing.

7.7.19 GloveDonning Test

This test is performed on at least threeconditioned pairs of whole gloves, sized 70Wand 76W in two sizes .

The Glove Donning Test is used toevaluate the ease of donning thegloves with a wet and dry hand;whether or not the inner lining willbecome detached under thespecific test conditions; andwhether or not each digit of each


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glove of each size allows fullinsertion during the test.

While wearing a glove on one hand, the wearermust don a single glove on the opposite hand,without altering the glove lining, threeconsecutive times. The test is performed threetimes with a dry hand and dry gloves and threetimes with a wet hand and wet gloves.

The time of each donning for each size isrecorded and is averaged as a measure of theease of donning.

The standard requires a maximum averagedonning time for dry gloves and a separatemaximum average donning time for wet gloves.

While wearing a glove on one hand, the wearermust don a single glove on the opposite hand,without altering the glove lining, threeconsecutive times. The test is performed threetimes with a dry hand and dry gloves and threetimes with a wet hand and wet gloves.

The key to this test is that pass or faildeterminations are made based on the donningtime (if one size fails, the glove fails), separation(any detachment of the inner liner and/ormoisture barrier is a failure), and insertion (anyglove digits that do not allow full insertion is afailure).

7.7.20 LinerRetention Test

This test is performed on at least threeconditioned pairs of whole gloves, sized 70Wand 76W in two sizes .

The Liner Retention Test is used toevaluate the ability of the glove’sinner liner and moisture barrier tostay attached under applied forceafter laundering.

A set of locking forceps is attached to the interiorglove liner near the fingertip, which is thenattached to a strain gauge and pulled, using untilthe specified force, until 25 N (5 1 ⁄2 lbf)registers on the machine.

Each digit of each glove is inspected for innerliner detachment. The appearance of inner linerdetachment in any digit of any glove of any sizeconstitutes a failure. Gloves can be cut open tolook for detachment.

7.7.21 LabelDurability andLegibility Test 1

This test is performed on the whole glove, withlabels attached, after laundering, abrasion, andconvective heat exposure.

The Label Durability and LegibilityTest 1 is used to evaluate whetheror not the label stays in place and islegible to the unaided eye afterexposure to multiple launderings,abrasion, and convective heat.

The gloves are exposed to 10 laundry cycles asoutlined in AATCC 135, Dimensional Changesin Automatic Home Laundering of Woven andKnit Fabrics , subjected to abrasion inaccordance with ASTM D4966, Standard TestMethod for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Martindale Abrasion Test Method) ,and, lastly, subjected to convective heat.

In addition to being legible, thelabels must remain in placefollowing the testing. The presenceand legibility of labels is importantfor glove identification and tracking.


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Glove labels are examined for continuedpresence (have to remain attached to the glove)and for legibility.

7.7.22 Grip Test This test is performed on at least three pairs ofnew, as distributed, sized 70W and 76W glovesin two sizes .

The Grip Test is used to evaluatethe glove’s gripping ability, underapplied force and specific testconditions. The test is designed tosimulate use of a pike pole inceiling pulls.

Six separate pull types are tested with three pullseach on a wet conditioned overhead verticalpole. The test subjects wet condition the glovesbefore each set of three pulls.

The peak pull force value for each individual pullis recorded and reported. The minimum pull forcevalue that occurs after the peak pull force valueis recorded and reported.

The individual percentage drop between the peakpull force value and the minimum pull force valueis calculated and used to determine pass or failperformance (the drop cannot be more than 30percent).

In addition, failure during any pull constitutesglove failure of the overall test.

7.7.23 Torque Test This test is performed on at least three pairs ofnew, as distributed, sized 70W and 76W glovesin two sizes .

The Torque Test is used to evaluatethe difference between how glovesaffect a fire fighter’s ability toperform gripping and twistingactions. The results compare thesame gripping/twisting actionperformed both bare-handed andwith the gloves. Percentages lessthan 100 percent mean that thegloves diminish gripping/twistingaction while percentages over 100percent mean that the glovesenhance gripping/twisting motion.

The test subject dons the glove and attempts totwist a vertical rod mounted on a torque meter.The maximum force applied by the test subject inthis twisting motion is measured.

The test is performed both bare-handed and withgloves donned. The test results are recorded andaveraged and the percent difference between thebare-handed results and the results for testsusing gloves is used to determine gloveperformance. Gloves must allow at least 80percent of the twisting force for the test subjectcompared to tests performed bare-handed.

7.7.24 Glove ToolTest

This test is performed on at least three pairs ofnew, as distributed, sized 70W and 76W glovesin two sizes .

The Glove Tool Test is used toevaluate the effect of gloves oncompleting a task compared tocompleting the same task withoutgloves. Lower percentages indicatethat the gloves have less adverseeffects on fire fighter tool use.


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The test requires the wearer to pick up a bolt,nut, and washer set and assemble them on atest stand using only one hand . While beingtimed, the wearer has to fill all holes across thetop and all holes across the bottom of the teststand until all bolts bolt, nut, and washer setshave been installed in the test board.

The test is also performed without gloves toestablish a baseline result to determine the effectof the gloves when the wearer has to handlesmall objects. The difference in times for the testsperformed bare-handed (control) and with glovesis reported as a percentage.

The difference cannot exceed 175 percent. Thismeans that the use of the gloves cannot result inthis task taking more than 1.75 times longerwhen performing the same task without gloves.

7.7.25Transmitted andStored ThermalEnergy Test

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF2731 on the glove body composite back sideunder wet conditions. The test measures theheat transfer through the composite when it isexposed to a radiant heat source at a specificheat flux and relates the transferred heat energyto a predicted time of second-degree burn injury.

The Transmitted and StoredThermal Energy Test is used toevaluate, on average, how long ittakes to experience a second-degree burn on the back of thehand caused by radiant heat.

The time to second-degree burn are recorded foreach specimen.

The time to second-degree burn cannot be lessthan 130 seconds.

7.8.2 CorrosionResistance Test

The test is performed in accordance with ASTMB117, Test Method for Water Resistance:Impact Penetration Test , to measure corrosion.Metal hardware is exposed to a saline solutionspray for 20 hours, following which base metalcan show no only slight surface corrosion andthe hardware must remain functional.

The Corrosion Resistance Test isused to evaluate whether (1)hardware will (1) corrode and (2)hardware will remain functionalafter extended exposure to a saltspray.

(glove metalhardware andhardware thatincludes metalparts)

Hardware failure can result in lossof thermal and physical protectionfor the fire fighter.


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B.5 Footwear.


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Table B.5 is intended to serve as an abbreviated guide to all specified tests for the whole footwear,including the whole footwear boot, the footwear upper, and all materials used in the construction of thewhole footwear element. The tests are intended to evaluate whether or not the footwear meets theminimum performance requirements of the 2018 edition of NFPA 1971 2017 . They do not guarantee thesafety of the fire fighter or ensure the fire fighter will not experience an injury while wearing the footwear.

Table B.5 Footwear

TestMethod

Test Method Description Test Method Application

7.10.1ConductiveHeatResistanceTest 2

This test is performed on the conditioned completefootwear element with removable soles in place.Thermocouples are taped to the insole surface insidethe footwear, and the footwear is filled with 4.55 kg(10 lb) a specified weight of steel balls. Theweighted footwear is placed on a hot plate set at aspecific temperature of 260°C (500°F) for a 20minutes specific time . The thermocouples inside theboot measure the temperature of the footwear insole.

The Conductive Heat Resistance Test2 is used to evaluate the footwear’sresistance to heat transferred throughthe sole by conduction with a hotsurface .

The average temperature at each test location of thespecimen at the end of 20 minutes the specifiedperiod is recorded. The temperature of the insolecannot exceed 44°C (111°F) the allowedtemperature .

The steel balls weigh the footweardown to place pressure on the soleagainst the hot surface, similar towhat happens on the fireground. Thetest conditions are not intended tosimulate actual fireground exposuresbut rather serve as a means formeasuring the footwear’s response toheat. The performance requirementrelates to the average temperaturethat causes pain sensation.

7.10.2 FlameResistanceTest 4

This test is performed on the whole footwear elementin a draft-free area as received. A tray of fuel is usedto create the flame exposure. The fuel in the tray isignited and is allowed to burn to produce a stableflame. The footwear specimen is clamped on afixture then positioned above the burning tray wherea shutter controls the exposure of the footwearspecimen to flames for 12 seconds a specifiedperiod .

The Flame Resistance Test 4 is usedto evaluate whether the footwearmelts, drips, or exhibits burn-throughand determines whether it has anafterflame lasting more than 5.0seconds.

Once the flame exposure is stopped, the footwearspecimen is examined for afterflame (not more than5.0 seconds allowed), melting, dripping, andburn-through. The specimen cannot melt, drip, orexhibit any burn-through.

This is the primary test to establishthe flame-resistant properties of thematerials used in footwearconstruction.

7.10.3ThreadMelting Test

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMD7138 on the three different specimens of sewingthread used in the construction of the footwear. Thetest is performed on specimens “ asreceived.” Sample threads are placed on a hot plateand slowly heated to 260°C (500°F).

The Thread Melting Test is used toevaluate the thread used in theconstruction of the footwear elementto determine whether it has at leastthe same minimum heat resistanceas the fabric used in the footwear’sconstruction.

The temperature at which the thread melts ordecomposes is recorded, and if it melts below260°C (500°F), the specific temperature, it fails.

7.10.4 LiquidPenetrationResistanceTest

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF903, Standard Test Method for Failure in SewnSeams of Woven Fabrics , on the footwear moisturebarrier and moisture barrier seams. Swatchesrepresentative of the footwear construction (not justthe barrier layer) are exposed to convective heat

The Liquid Penetration ResistanceTest is used to evaluate whether ornot the footwear’s moisture barriermaterial and seams resist penetrationof liquids meant to be representativeof those commonly encountered on


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TestMethod


conditioning; then the barrier layer is separated andbecomes the testing specimen. The normal outersurface of the material is exposed to Aqueous FilmForming Foam concentrate aqueous film-formingfoam , battery acid, synthetic surrogate gasoline,fire-resistant hydraulic fluid, and swimming poolchlorine additive. , and automobile antifreezefluid . Each liquid is tested separately on anindividual specimen.

the fireground.

During the 1 hour exposure, pressure is appliedbehind the liquid for a period of time. At the end ofexposure, each sample is evaluated. No liquid canpenetrate any sample.

7.10.5 ViralPenetrationResistanceTest

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF1671, Standard Test Method for Resistance ofMaterials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetrationby Blood-Borne Pathogens Using Phi-X-174Bacteriophage Penetration as a Test System , onthe footwear moisture barrier and moisture barrierseams. Swatches representative of the footwearconstruction (not just the barrier layer) are exposedto convective heat conditioning; , then the barrierlayer is separated and becomes the testingspecimen. The specimens are placed in a test cellwhere the taped film side (the The normal outersurface) of the material is exposed to a surrogatevirus in a liquid solution and is evaluated for passageof virus after 1 hour a specific time .

The Viral Penetration Resistance Testis used to evaluate the ability of thefootwear’s moisture barrier materialsand seams to keep blood-bornepathogens from coming in contactwith the fire fighter’s fighter skin .

During the 1 hour specified time exposure, pressureis applied behind the liquid. At the end of exposure,the specimen is rinsed with a clean solution andexamined. Any evidence of viral passage through thebarrier fabric or seam as determined using amicrobiological technique constitutes a failure.

7.10.6PunctureResistanceTest

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF1342/F1342M , Standard Test Method forProtective Clothing Material Resistance toPuncture , Test Method A, on footwear uppers “ asreceived.” Footwear uppers are clamped into afixture while force is applied to a nail-like probe in aneffort to puncture the specimen. The force requiredto puncture each specimen is recorded andaveraged, and the resulting average cannot be lowerthan 60 N (13 lbf) the specified force .

The Puncture Resistance Test is usedto evaluate the ability of the footwearuppers to resist puncture underspecific test conditions. Higheraverage force measurements indicategreater puncture resistance.

7.10.7 CutResistanceTest

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF1790/F1790M , Standard Test Methods forMeasuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used inProtective Clothing with CPP Test Equipment , onfootwear uppers as received under a specific loadof 800 g . The specimen (a composite of footwearupper used in the actual footwear construction,including the tongue but excluding the gusset, withlayers arranged in proper order) is clamped to ametal rod while a blade passes across the specimenuntil it makes contact with the metal rod. Aftertesting, the average distance of blade travel isrecorded and cannot be more than 20 mm (0.8

The Cut Resistance Test is used toevaluate the ability of the footwearupper composite to resist cuttingunder specific test conditions. Longerblade travel distances representgreater cut resistance because ittakes longer for the blade to cutthrough the material.


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in.) the specified length .

7.10.8 SlipResistanceTest

This test is performed in accordance with ISO13287, Personal protective equipment — Footwear— Test method for slip resistance , ASTM F2913 ,Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficientof Friction for Evaluation of Slip Performance ofFootwear and Test Surfaces/Flooring Using aWhole Shoe Tester, on a men’s size 9D the wholefootwear element. A footwear specimen is placed ina machine that slides the footwear along a wet tilesurface. This test measures the friction (traction)between the soles of the footwear and the tilesurface. The coefficient of friction is recorded foreach specimen and averaged. The result should be0.40 or greater.

The Slip Resistance Test is used toevaluate the ability of the footwear toresist slipping under specified testconditions. The surface condition ischosen to simulate a typical slipperysurface encountered by fire fighters.

7.10.9AbrasionResistanceTest

This test is performed in accordance with ISO 4649,Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic —Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotatingcylindrical drum device, Method A, on materialpieces removed from the footwear soles and heel asreceived. These material specimens are repetitivelyrubbed against a specific type of sandpaper under aspecified pressure; , then the amount of materialremoved by abrasion is measured. Abrasionresistance of the footwear sole and heel materials isadjusted by relative loss of material.

The Abrasion Resistance Test is usedto evaluate the footwear’s ability toresist abrasion under specified testconditions. The test is intended tomeasure how easily sole and heelmaterial wear away with use .

7.10.10ElectricalInsulationTest 2

This test is performed in accordance with Section 9of ASTM F2412, Standard Test Methods for FootProtection, on at least three specimens of wholefootwear elements as received. The sample footwearare tested to 14,000 V in accordance with Section 9of ASTM F2412. Small metal balls are placed in afootwear specimen, which is then placed on a metalmesh platform. a specific voltage . Voltage is appliedto the footwear specimen through the metal meshplatform.

The Electrical Insulation Test 2 isused to evaluate thefootwear's footwear’s resistance toelectricity under specified testconditions. The test simulatesconditions when a fire fighter steps ona live wire.

The footwear element is evaluated for currentleakage or evidence of breakdown. The footwearshould not have a leakage in excess of 3.0 mA thespecified amount .

7.10.11LadderShank BendResistanceTest

This test is performed on footwear ladder shanks orwhole sole equivalents as received. The specimen isplaced on mounting blocks, as it would be orientedtoward the ladder, and subjected to force on itscenter with the test probe operated at 50 mm/min (2in./min) a specific force .

The Ladder Shank Bend ResistanceTest is used to evaluate the footwearsoles or ladder shanks for resistanceto bending when supported only inthe middle of the footwear. The testsimulates what occurs when a firefighter uses a ladder.

The average deflection is recorded to the nearest 1mm (.05 in.) and should not deflect more than 6 mm( 1 ⁄4 in.) a specific distance .

7.10.12Eyelet andStud PostAttachmentTest

This test is performed on footwear eyelets and studposts as received. Specimens are removed from thefootwear element and attached to the upper positionof the tensile testing machine using the proper pullerfixture. The test is started and force is applied.

The Eyelet and Stud Post AttachmentTest is used to evaluate the footwearstud posts and eyelets for attachmentstrength when force is applied. Thistest is used to determine whetherstud posts and eyelets will stay


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attached under normal useconditions.

At a minimum, the average of all specimen tests canbe no less than 294 N (66 lbf) the specified force .The footwear eyelets and stud posts have to be ableto withstand, on average, at least 294 N (66 lbf) thespecified force .

7.10.13CorrosionResistanceTest

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMB117, Test Method for Water Resistance: ImpactPenetration Test , to measure corrosion on allfootwear hardware “ as received.” Metal hardware isexposed to a 5 percent saline solution for 20hours a specified period . Following the test, thehardware is evaluated for the appearance ofcorrosion or oxidation and to see if it remainsfunctional. Evidence of corrosion on the base metalsignifies failure.

The Corrosion Resistance Test isused to evaluate whether (1)hardware will (1) corrode and (2)hardware will remain functional afterextended exposure to salt spray.

(metalhardwareandhardwarethat includesmetal parts)

Hardware failure can result in loss ofthermal and physical protection forthe fire fighter.

7.10.14LabelDurabilityand LegibilityTest 1

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMD4966 on the complete footwear element, withlabels attached, after abrasion and . Legibility isassessed with labels attached to the footwear afterconvective heat/ thermal exposure and assessed onindividual labels after abrasion .

The Label Durability and LegibilityTest 1 is used to evaluate whether ornot the label stays in place and islegible to the unaided eye afterabrasion and thermal exposure. Thepresence and legibility of labels isimportant for footwear identificationand tracking.

Footwear specimens are subjected to abrasion inaccordance with ASTM D4966, Standard TestMethod for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics(Martindale Abrasion Test Method) , and areexposed to convective heat to test for heat durability.

Footwear labels are examined for continuedpresence (have to remain attached to the footwear)and for legibility.

7.10.15 Heatand ThermalShrinkageResistanceTest

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF2894, Standard Test Method for Evaluation ofMaterials, Protective Clothing and Equipment forHeat Resistance Using a Hot Air Circulating Oven ,on at least three men’s size 9D complete footwearelements “ as received.” The footwear component isfilled with glass beads and suspended in a 260°C,+8/–0°C (500°F, +14/–0°F), oven for 5 minutes,+15/–0 seconds exposed to thermal insult for aspecified period of time .

The Heat and Thermal ShrinkageResistance Test is used to evaluatethe footwear for heat degradationeffects after exposure to hightemperatures.

Post-exposure, the specimen is examined inside andoutside before conditioning in an environmentalchamber and again after conditioning for melting,separation, or ignition.

Footwear is not permitted to melt,separate, or ignite under theseconditions. Footwear is also tested forliquid penetration resistance afterthermal exposure and flexing to showthat footwear will continue to maintainits integrity following simulated use


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and heat exposure.

Next, the footwear specimen is tested in accordancewith Appendix B of FIA 1209, Whole Shoe Flex, andflexed on a machine 100,000 times to simulatewalking movement. Lastly, the footwear specimen isimmersed in surfactant-treated water to a certainheight for 2 hours then evaluated for leakage.

If any one of the at least threespecimens being tested fails any oneof these tests (melts, separates,ignites, shows water penetration,sole separation, seam separation, orcomponent breakage), the footwearelement fails.

The appearance of any liquid inside the footwearafter exposure is reported as a failure. Also, allcomponents must remain functional.

7.11.2Radiant HeatResistanceTest 1

This test is performed on each area of the footwearupper, on a minimum of three complete footwearitems, as well as the tongue but excluding thegusset , including booties, where provided, asreceived.

The Radiant Heat Resistance Test 1is used to evaluate the footwear forresistance to heat transfer fromexposure to radiant energy. The testconditions are not intended tosimulate actual fireground exposures,but rather serve as a means formeasuring the footwear’s response toradiant heat.

The specimen is placed in front of a radiometer andexposed to heat for 30 seconds a specified period at1000K ± 455K (1340°F ± 360°F) a specifictemperature . The temperature at 30 seconds ofexposure for each area is recorded and reported,then averaged; the average cannot exceed 44°C(111°F) the specified temperature .

7.11.3ConductiveHeatResistanceTest 1

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF1060, Standard Test Method for ThermalProtective Performance of Materials for ProtectiveClothing for Hot Surface Contact , on the footwearupper composites “ as received.” Compositespecimens are placed on a hot plate that is heated to280°C (536°F) a specific temperature , while aspecific pressure of 3.45 kPa ± 0.35 kPa (0.5 psi ±0.05 psi) is applied. A weighted sensor on top of thespecimen measures the rate of heat transfer.

The Conductive Heat Resistance Test1 is used to evaluate the upperportion of the footwear for thermalinsulation. The test conditions are notintended to simulate actual firegroundexposures, but rather serve as ameans for measuring the footwearupper’s resistance to heat transferwhen contacted is made with a hotsurface.

The heat transfer data are used to predict the time topain and the time to second-degree burn.

The average time to pain cannot be fewer than 6seconds, and the average time to second-degreeburn cannot be fewer than 10 seconds.


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B.6 Hoods.


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Table B.6 is intended to serve as an abbreviated guide to all specified tests for whole hoods, includingthe whole hood, with or without an SCBA facepiece and all materials used in the construction of thewhole hood hood. In addition, the Optional Particulate Hood Requirements are included . The testsevaluate whether or not the hood meets the minimum performance requirements of the 2018 edition ofNFPA 1971. They do not guarantee the safety of the fire fighter or ensure the fire fighter will notexperience an injury while wearing the hood.

Table B.6 Hoods


7.13.1 HoodOpening SizeRetention Test

This test is performed on the protective hood asreceived. The hood is marked before testing in at leasteight locations to capture any shrinkage or growth withthe protective hood. The whole hood is placed on aheadform tensile tester and passed up elongated andover the headform returned to its original position 50times for testing to simulate donning and doffing .

The hood opening measured after testing cannotexceed 110 percent of the original measured facepieceopening size.

The Hood Opening SizeRetention Test is used toevaluate the ability of thehood to retain its shape afterbeing pulled over the headmany times and to makesure it doesn’t fit too tightlyaround the neck when notdeployed .

Once completed, the hood is removed from theheadform tensile tester and allowed to rest for 1 minute.The hood is evaluated in then placed on the originaleight (or more) locations hood face opening measuringdevice to determine whether the hood opening retainsits shape compliance .

The hood opening has to slide freely over the top half ofthe hood measuring device while in the relaxed stateand cannot show any gaps when placed on the lowerhalf of the hood measuring device.

7.13.1.1 HoodOpening SizeRetention Test

This test is performed on the protective hood as receivedusing the specific SCBA facepiece the hood is designedto interface with. The hood is marked before testing in atleast eight locations to capture any shrinkage or growthwith the protective hood . The whole hood is placed on aheadform (with the SCBA facepiece in place) tensiletester and passed up elongated and over theheadform returned to its original position 50 times fortesting to simulate donning and doffing .

This test evaluates the abilityof the hood’s SCBAfacepiece face pieceopening to retain its shapeafter being pulled over thehead and the specified SCBAfacepiece face piece manytimes.

(when the hood isdesigned for aspecific SCBAfacepiece)

If the hood is designed to be manually adjusted whendonned, the person performing the test has to manuallyadjust the hood each time it is placed on the headformwith facepiece.

Once completed, the hood is removed from theheadform tensile tester and allowed to rest for 1 minute.The hood is then donned on the headform and placedover the facepiece. The hood is evaluated in the originaleight (or more) locations to determine if the hoodopening retains its shape.

The hood used in this test has to overlap the outer edgeof the specific SCBA facepiece-to-face seal perimeter byat least 13 mm (1⁄2 in.).

7.13.2 ThermalProtectivePerformance(TPP) Test

This test is performed in accordance with ISO 17492,Clothing for protection against heat and flame —Determination of heat transmission on exposure to bothflame and radiant heat, on the portions of the hood thatcover the neck and facial area as received and afterconditioning with 5 five laundering cycles. Specimens

The Thermal ProtectivePerformance (TPP) test isused to measure theinsulating performance of thehood by evaluating howquickly heat is transferred


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used for testing must be at least 180 mm (7 in.)square a specific size . The hood is exposed to bothradiant and convective heat sources.

from the outside of the hoodto the inside.

The rate of rise in temperature is recorded andcompared to the known skin response to heat; therecorded time is multiplied by the heat exposure energyto determine the TPP rating.

Under the given testconditions, which simulatesevere flashover conditions,the TPP rating divided in halfindicates the approximatenumber of seconds until afire fighter would receive asecond-degree burn.

The TPP rating of the hood has to be at least 20.0 .

This is the primary test tomeasure the hood’s ability toprotect the fire fighter fromsevere heat and flame. ATPP rating of 20.0 isacceptable because the hoodarea is overlapped byanother part of the ensemblethat also provides insulation.

7.13.3 FlameResistance Test 1

This test is performed in accordance with ASTM D6413,Standard Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles(Vertical Test) , on five individual samples of hoodmaterial(s) and five individual samples of labels attachedto hood material(s).

The Flame Resistance Test 1is used to evaluate the hoodmaterials, under controlledtest conditions, for the abilityto self-extinguish after theflame is removed and toresist charring, melting, anddripping.

Specimens are tested as received and after conditioningwith 5 five laundry cycles. Hood labels are cut from theconditioned samples and tested in a vertical flamechamber in accordance with ASTM D 6413 D6413 .

Specimens are evaluated for average char length( [ cannot exceed 100 mm (4 in.); ]; for averageafterflame (cannot be more than 2.0 seconds); and forevidence of melting or dripping (material cannot melt ordrip).

7.13.4 Heat andThermalShrinkageResistance Test(shrinkage)

This test is performed on complete hoods as receivedand after conditioning with 5 five laundry cycles onhood materials .Dimensions

The Heat and ThermalShrinkage Resistance Test isused for this requirement toevaluate the hood materialsfor shrinkage after exposureto high temperatures.

The hood is placed on a nonconductive headform in thecenter of the test oven with the front of the hood facingthe airflow at and exposed to 260°C, +8/–0°C (500°F,+14/–0°F), ) for 5 minutes, +15/–0 seconds .Dimensions

Excessive shrinkage couldimpact the insulating qualitiesof the hood.

After this exposure hoods are measured in evaluated ona minimum hood measuring device. Hoods are requiredto slide freely over the top half of eight differentlocations for the face opening the hood measuringdevice while in the relaxed state, and additionally onthree dimensions based cannot show any gaps whenplaced on the top lower half of the hood measuringdevice. Measurements from the top of the hood downthe sides and down the basic plane. Post-exposure


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measurements back are taken and averaged, andno used to determine shrinkage. Hoods cannot shrinkmore than 10 percent shrinkage is permitted .

7.13.5 Heat andThermalShrinkageResistance Test

This test is performed after conditioning hoods andlabels with 5 five laundry cycles. The specimen is placedon a nonconductive headform in the center of the ovenwith the front of the hood facing the airflow at andexposed to 260°C, +8/–0°C (500°F, +14/–0°C), ) for 5minutes, +15/–0 seconds .

The Heat and ThermalShrinkage Resistance Test isused for this requirement toevaluate the hood materialsfor melting, separation, andignition after exposure tohigh temperatures.

(melting,separation,ignition)

Hoods cannot show evidence of melting,separating separation , or ignition after this test.

7.13.6 CleaningShrinkageResistance Test

This test is performed on three complete hoods withlabels. The hood is placed on a nonconductiveheadform, and measurements as received.

Each measurement is recorded before and afterlaundering, then averaged. The average before andafter measurements are used to calculate the percentdifference of the hood face opening dimensions, and nomore than 5 percent shrinkage is permitted.

While averages are used for the final calculation, in theevent one or more hood specimens fail this test, thehood fails.

The Cleaning ShrinkageResistance Test is used toevaluate hood materials forshrinkage after cleaning.

Hoods are machine washed five times using a specificlaundry procedure. taken of the face opening at aminimum of eight separate locations around the entireperimeter of the face opening and at the back and bothsides

Excessive shrinkageincreases the possibility ofburns.

After washing, hoods are evaluated on a hoodmeasuring device. Hoods are required to slide freelyover the top half of the hood measuring device while inthe relaxed state, and cannot show any gaps whenplaced on the lower half of the hood measuring device.Measurements from the top of the hood to down thebasic plane sides and down the back are used todetermine shrinkage. Hoods cannot shrink more than 5percent .


This test is performed performed in accordance withASTM D7138 on the three different specimens ofsewing thread used in the construction of the hood. Thetest is performed on “ as received” specimens. Samplethreads are placed on a hot plate and slowly heated to260°C (500°F) .

The Thread Melting Test isused to evaluate the threadused in the construction ofthe hoods to determine if ithas at least the same heatresistance as the fabric usedin garment construction.

The temperature at which the thread melts ordecomposes is recorded, and if it melts below 260°C(500°F), it fails.

7.13.8 BurstStrength Test

(knit material)

This test is performed in accordance with ASTM D6797,Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of FabricsConstant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test , onthe knit hood materials and/or composites as received.

The Burst Strength Test isused to evaluate the strengthof the hood material and/orcomposites by measuring itsresistance to bursting orrupturing when force isapplied under specific test


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conditions.

Hood Material: A tensile testing machine is used to pusha steel ball through the clamped hood material. Themaximum forced force used to burst the material isrecorded. The specimen cannot burst under fewer lessthan the specified force. 225 N (51 lbf)

This test is used to determinewhether, on average, thehood material and/orcomposites can sustainapplied force of at least 225N (51 lbf) , under specific testconditions. Higher burstingforce resistance numbersindicate stronger hoodmaterials.

Hood Composite: A tensile testing machine is used topush a steel ball through the clamped hood composite.A force is used to impact the hood composite. Damageto the composite layers is evaluated .


(knit hoodseams)

This test is performed in accordance with ASTM D6797on at least five specimens of conditioned knit hoodseams.

The Seam-Breaking StrengthTest is used to evaluate thestrength of the hood seamsunder stress. The durabilityof the seam is an indicator ofphysical performance whensubjected to repeateddonning and doffing. Higherbreaking forces indicatestronger seams.

The seam breaking strength (the amount of poundsforce required to break the seam) is recorded andreported for each specimen, and those values areaveraged for the assessment.

The force required to break the seam is recorded andaveraged for the test specimens, and the average resultcannot be less than 181 N (41 lbf) the specified force .

7.13.10 LabelDurability andLegibility Test 1

These tests are performed on hood labels on completehoods with labels attached (laundering); ), individuallabels (abrasion); ), and labels sewn onto a separatesquare of hood material (convective heat exposure).

The Label Durability andLegibility Test 1 is used toevaluate whether or not thelabel stays in place and islegible to the unaided eyeafter exposure to multiplelaunderings, abrasion, andconvective heat.

The laundering test is performed in accordance withAATCC 135, Dimensional Changes in Automatic HomeLaundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics , and theabrasion test is performed in accordance with ASTMD4966, Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistanceof Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Test Method) .

In addition to being legible,the labels must remain inplace following the testing.The presence and legibility oflabels is important forglove hood identification andtracking.

Hood labels are examined for continued presencepresence (have to remain attached to the hood) and forlegibility.

7.14.2 ParticulateBlocking Test

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF2299/F2299M , Standard Test Method for Determiningthe Initial Efficiency of Materials Used in Medical FaceMasks to Penetration by Particulates Using LatexSpheres, on three specimens of conditioned particulateblocking materials.

The Particulate BlockingTest is intended to replicatesmoke exposure to hoods.The hoods are evaluated forparticulates penetrating thehood.


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(OptionalRequirement)

Modifications were made to the test method to allow fortesting materials that are not air permeable. Materialsare required to meet 90 percent efficiency.

7.14.4 Total HeatLoss (THL) Test

This test is performed in accordance with ASTMF1868 , Standard Test Method for Thermal andEvaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Using aSweating Hot Plate, on samples of the hood compositeconditioned at room temperature arranged in the orderand orientation it is worn. Specimens are placed on asweating hot plate to evaluate heat transfer under wetconditions and thermal resistance under dry conditions.These values are combined in an equation to provide atotal heat loss value.

The Total Heat Loss (THL)Test is used to evaluate theamount of heat that can betransferred out of the hoodcomposite via both sweatevaporation from thewearer’s skin andconduction through thegarment to the outsideenvironment.

(OptionalRequirement)

Higher values indicate betterperformance and more heatloss. However, appropriateTHL values for yourdepartment must beconsidered with TPP values.(See A.7.2.2 for moredetail s .)


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B.7 Wristlets.


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Table 8.7 is intended to serve as an abbreviated guide to specified tests for wristlets and materials usedin the construction of protective wristlet interface components. The tests evaluate whether or not thewristlet meets the minimum performance requirements of the 2018 edition of NFPA 1971. They do notguarantee the safety of the fire fighter or ensure the fire fighter will not experience injury while wearingprotective elements including wristlets.

Table B.7 Footwear


7.16.1 ThermalProtectivePerformance (TPP)Test

This test is performed in accordance withISO 17492 on the protective wristletinterface components as received and afterconditioning. The protective wristletinterface components are exposed to bothradiant and convective heat sources.

The Thermal Protective Performance(TPP) test is used to measure theinsulating performance of theprotective wristlet interfacecomponents by evaluating howquickly heat is transferred from theoutside of the protective wristletinterface components to the inside.

Under the given test conditions,which simulate severe flashoverconditions, the TPP rating divided inhalf indicates the approximatenumber of seconds until a fire fighterwould receive a second-degree burn.

This is the primary test to measurethe protective wristlet interfacecomponent’s ability to protect the firefighter from severe heat and flame. ATPP rating of 20 is acceptablebecause the protective wristletinterface component area isoverlapped by another part of theensemble that also providesinsulation.

The rate of rise in temperature is recordedand compared to the known skin responseto heat; the recorded time is multiplied bythe heat exposure energy to determine theTPP rating.

The TPP rating of the protective wristletinterface components has to be at least 20.

7.16.1.1 ThermalProtectivePerformance (TPP)Test (coat sleeveends in agarment-gloveinterface)

This test is performed in accordance withISO 17492 on the interface compositewhere the coat sleeve end terminates in agarment-glove interface, as received andafter conditioning. The interface compositeis exposed to both radiant and convectiveheat sources.

The Thermal Protective Performance(TPP) test is used to measure theinsulating performance of thegarment-glove interface byevaluating how quickly heat istransferred from the outside of theinterface composite to the inside.

The rate of rise in temperature is recordedand compared to the known skin responseto heat; the recorded time is multiplied bythe heat exposure energy to determine theTPP rating.

Under the given test conditions,which simulate severe flashoverconditions, the TPP rating divided inhalf indicates the approximatenumber of seconds until a fire fighterwould receive a second-degree burn.

This is the primary test to measurethe interface composite’s ability toprotect the fire fighter from severeheat and flame.


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The TPP rating of the protective wristletinterface components has to be at least 35.

7.16.2 FlameResistance Test 1

This test is performed in accordance withASTM D6413/D6413M on five individualsamples of protective wristlet interfacecomponent material(s). Specimens aretested after conditioning with five laundrycycles.

The Flame Resistance Test 1 is usedto evaluate the protective wristletinterface component materials, undercontrolled test conditions, for theability to self-extinguish after theflame is removed and to resistcharring, melting, and dripping.

Specimens are evaluated for average charlength (cannot exceed a specified length);for average afterflame (cannot be morethan 2 seconds); and for evidence ofmelting or dripping (material cannot melt ordrip).


This test is performed after conditioningwith five laundry cycles on protectivewristlet interface components materials.

The Heat and Thermal ShrinkageResistance Test is used for thisrequirement to evaluate theprotective wristlet interfacecomponents materials for shrinkageafter exposure to high temperatures.

(shrinkage)Protective wristlet interface componentscannot shrink more than 10 percent in anydirection.

Excessive shrinkage could impactthe insulating qualities of theprotective wristlet interfacecomponents.


This test is performed after conditioningprotective wristlet interface componentsand labels with five laundry cycles.

The Heat and Thermal ShrinkageResistance Test is used for thisrequirement to evaluate theprotective wristlet interfacecomponents materials for melting,separation, and ignition afterexposure to high temperatures.

(melting, separation,ignition)

Protective wristlet interface componentscannot show evidence of melting,separation, or ignition after this test.

7.16.5 CleaningShrinkageResistance Test

This test is performed after conditioningwith five laundry cycles on protectivewristlet interface component materials.

The Heat and Thermal ShrinkageResistance Test is used for thisrequirement to evaluate theprotective wristlet interfacecomponent materials for shrinkageafter exposure to high temperatures.

Protective wristlet interface componentcannot shrink more than 5 percent in anydirection.

Excessive shrinkage could impactthe insulating qualities of theprotective wristlet interfacecomponents.


This test is performed in accordance withASTM D7138 on the three differentspecimens of sewing thread used in theconstruction of the protective wristletinterface components as received.

The Thread Melting Test is used toevaluate the thread used in theconstruction of the protective wristletinterface components to determine ifit has at least the same heatresistance as the fabric used ingarment construction.

The temperature at which the thread meltsor decomposes is recorded, and if it meltsbelow a specific temperature, it fails.


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7.16.7 Burst StrengthTest (knit wristletmaterial)

This test is performed in accordance withASTM D6797 on the knit protective wristletinterface components materials asreceived.

The Burst Strength Test is used toevaluate the strength of theprotective wristlet interfacecomponents by measuring itsresistance to bursting or rupturingwhen force is applied under specifictest conditions.

A tensile testing machine is used to push asteel ball through the clamped protectivewristlet interface component materials. Themaximum force used to burst the materialis recorded. The specimen cannot burstunder less than the specified force.

This test is used to determinewhether, on average, the protectivewristlet interface components cansustain applied force of at least thespecified force, under specific testconditions. Higher bursting forceresistance numbers indicate strongerprotective wristlet interfacecomponents.


This test is performed on at least fivespecimens of conditioned knit protectivewristlet interface components seams.

The Seam-Breaking Strength Test isused to evaluate the strength of theprotective wristlet interfacecomponent seams under stress. Thedurability of the seam is an indicatorof physical performance whensubjected to repeated donning anddoffing. Higher breaking forcesindicate stronger seams.

(knit wristlet seams)

The seam breaking strength (the amount ofpounds force required to break the seam)is recorded and reported for eachspecimen and those values are averagedfor the assessment.

The force required to break the seam isrecorded and averaged for the testspecimens, and the average result cannotbe less than the specified force.

7.16.9 WholeGarment andEnsemble LiquidPenetration Test(Shower Test)

This test is performed in accordance withASTM F1359 on a full garment set (coatand pants) or coveralls. The wholegarment is placed on a manikin dressed ina water-absorptive layer and exposed to2.5 minutes of liquid spray from fourdifferent orientations for a total of 10minutes. After removal of the garment, thewater-absorptive layer is examined forevidence of moisture penetration.

The Shower Test is used to evaluatehow well the seams and closures ofthe garment, under controlled testconditions, resist inward leakage ofliquids from exterior sources. This isa test to determine whether or notthe garment will help keep the firefighter dry from hose streams,standing water, and precipitation.

(where the coatsleeve endterminates in agarment-gloveinterface)

Note: The Shower Test is the onlytest performed on assembledgarments — coats and pants.



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Street Address:

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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Revisions have been made to Annex B to reflect the actions of this Committee and toaddress editorial concerns.

ResponseMessage:

Public Comment No. 121-NFPA 1971-2016 [Chapter B]


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Second Revision No. 63-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Chapter C ]

Annex C Informational References

C.1 Referenced Publications.

The documents or portions thereof listed in this annex are referenced within the informational sections ofthis standard and are not part of the requirements of this document unless also listed in Chapter 2 forother reasons.

C.1.1 NFPA Publications.

National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.

NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, 2018 edition.

NFPA 1851, Standard on Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural FireFighting and Proximity Fire Fighting, 2014 edition.

NFPA 1973, Gloves for Structural Fire Fighting , 1993 edition (withdrawn).

NFPA 1991, Standard on Vapor-Protective Ensembles for Hazardous Materials Emergencies, 2016edition.

NFPA 1992, Standard on Liquid Splash–Protective Ensembles and Clothing for Hazardous MaterialsEmergencies, 2017 edition.

NFPA 1994, Standard on Protective Ensembles for First Responders to CBRN Terrorism Incidents, 2017edition.

C.1.2 Other Publications.

C.1.2.1 AATCC Publications.

American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle, NC 27709.

AATCC 135, Dimensional Changes in Automatic of Fabrics After Home Laundering of Woven and KnitFabrics , 2004.

AATCC 42, Test Method for Water Resistance: Impact Penetration Test, 2013.


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C.1.2.2 ASTM Publications.


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ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

ASTM B117, Test Method for Water Resistance: Impact Penetration Test , 2016.

ASTM D751, Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics, 2011.

ASTM D1003, Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics, 2013.

ASTM D1683/D1683M , Standard Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven Apparel Fabrics,2011 2011a .

ASTM D1776/D1776M , Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles for Testing , 2015 2016 .

ASTM D4966, Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion TestMethod), 2012, e1 2012e1 .

ASTM D5034, Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test),2013.

ASTM D5169, Standard Test Method for Shear Strength (Dynamic Method) of Hook and Loop TouchFasteners, 2015.

ASTM D5170, Standard Test Method for Peel Strength (“T” Method) of Hook and Loop Touch Fasteners,2015.

ASTM D5587, Standard Test Method for the Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure,2014 2015 .

ASTM D6413/D6413M , Standard Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test), 2015.

ASTM D6775, Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Webbing, Tape andBraided Material, 2013.

ASTM D6797, Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Fabrics Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE)Ball Burst Test, 2015.

ASTM D7138, Standard Test Method to Determine Melting Temperature of Synthetic Fibers, 2008 2016 .

ASTM E809, Standard Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of Retroreflectors, 2013.

ASTM E991, Standard Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using theOne-Monochromator Method , 2011.

ASTM F903, Standard Test Method for Failure Resistance of Materials Used in Sewn Seams of WovenFabrics Protective Clothing to Penetration by Liquids , 2010.

ASTM F1060, Standard Test Method for Thermal Protective Performance of Materials for ProtectiveClothing for Hot Surface Contact, 2008.

ASTM F1154, Standard Practice for Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort, Fit, Function, and Integrity ofChemical Protective Suit Ensembles , 2011.

ASTM F1342/F1342M , Standard Test Method for Protective Clothing Material Resistance to Puncture,2013, e1.

ASTM F1359/F1359M , Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of Protective Clothing orProtective Ensembles Under a Shower Spray While on a Mannequin Manikin , 2013 2016 .

ASTM F1671/F1671M , Standard Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing toPenetration by Blood-Borne Pathogens Using Phi-X-174 Bacteriophage Penetration as a Test System,2013.

ASTM F1790/F1790M , Standard Test Methods for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used inProtective Clothing with CPP Test Equipment, 2014 2015 .

ASTM F 1868 F1868 , Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of ClothingMaterials Using a Sweating Hot Plate, 2014.

ASTM F2010/F2010M , Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Glove Effects on Wearer Hand DexterityUsing a Modified Pegboard Test, 2010.

ASTM F2299/F2299M, Standard Test Method for Determining the Initial Efficiency of Materials Used inMedical Face Masks to Penetration by Particulates Using Latex Spheres, 2010 .

ASTM F2412, Standard Test Methods for Foot Protection, 2011.


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ASTM F2731, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Transmitted and Stored Energy in Fire FighterProtective Clothing Systems, 2011.

ASTM F2894, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Materials, Protective Clothing and Equipment forHeat Resistance Using a Hot Air Circulating Oven, 2014.

ASTM F2913, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Friction for Evaluation of SlipPerformance of Footwear and Test Surfaces/Flooring Using a Whole Shoe Tester, 2011.

ASTM G155, Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-MetallicMaterials, 2013.

Stull, J. O. and R. M. Duffy, “Field Evaluation of Protective Clothing Effects on Fire Fighter Physiology:Predictive Capability of the Total Heat Loss Test.” In Performance of Protective Clothing: Issues andPriorities for the 21st Century [ASTM STP 1386], ed. C. N. Nelson and N. W. Henry, 481–503, WestConshohocken, PA: . American Society for Testing and Materials.

C.1.2.3 Federal Highway Administration Publications.

1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20590.

Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), 2009. http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov

C.1.2.4 FIA Publications.

Footwear Industries of America, 1420 K Street, NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20005.

FIA 1209, Whole Shoe Flex, 1984.

C.1.2.5 ISEA Publications.

International Safety Equipment Association, 1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762.

ANSI/ISEA 107, American National Standard for High-Visibility Safety Apparel andHeadwear Accessories , 2010 2015 .

ANSI/ISEA 207, American National Standard for High Visibility Public Safety Vests, 2011.

C.1.2.6 ISO Publications.

International Organization for Standardization, ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8,CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland.

ISO 4649, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotatingcylindrical drum device, 2010.

ISO 9001 , Quality management systems — Requirements , 2008.

ISO 9001 , Quality management systems – Requirements , 2015.

ISO 13287, Personal protective equipment — Footwear — Test method for slip resistance, 2012.

ISO/IEC 17021 , Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification ofmanagement systems , 2011.

ISO 17492, Clothing for protection against heat and flame — Determination of heat transmission onexposure to both flame and radiant heat, 2003.

C.1.2.7 NIOSH Publications.

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333.

NIOSH 77-134-A, The Development of Criteria for Firefighters' Gloves, vol. 1, 1976.

NIOSH 77-134-B, Glove Requirements, vol. 2, 1976.

C.1.2.8 SAE Publications.

SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.

SAE Recommended Practice J211b, Channel Class 1000.

C.1.2.9 U.S. Department of Defense Publications.

Standardization Document Order Desk, Building 4/d, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.

A-A-55126B, Commercial Item Description, Fastener Tapes, Hook and Loop, Synthetic, 2006.


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C.1.2.10 U.S. Government Publications.

U.S. Government Publishing Office, 732 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001.

Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 7, Subpart C, 1 April 1997.

Title 42, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 84, Subpart E.

C.1.2.11 U.S. Military Publications.

U.S. Army Developmental Test Command (DTC), ATTN: CSTE-DTC-TT-S, Aberdeen Proving Ground,MD 21005–5055.

NATO Document No. 1268015, AEP-52, “Assessment of the Effect Levels of Classical ChemicalWarfare Agents Applied to the Skin to be Used in the Design of Protective Equipment,” 2003.

Test Operations Procedure (TOP 8-2-501), Permeation and Penetration of Air-Permeable,Semipermeable, and Impermeable Materials with Chemical Agents or Simulants , 1997.

C.1.2.11 Other Publications.

Simms, D. L. and P. L. Hinkley, Part 10, The Effect of Water on Clothing, Suitable for Clothing AircraftFire Crash Rescue Workers , F. R. Note 366, Materials Suitable for Clothing Aircraft Fire Crash RescueWorkers , Part 10, “The Effect of Water on Clothing,” Fire Research Station, Boreham Wood, Herts,England, 1959.

Grotte, J. H. and Yang, L. I., “Report of the Workshop on Chemical Agent Toxicity for Acute Effects,” IDADocument D-2176, Institute for Defense Analysis, Alexandria, VA, May 1998

ISO/IEC 17021, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification ofmanagement systems , 2011.

Simms, D. L. and P. L. Hinkley, Part 10, The Effect of Water on Clothing, Suitable for Clothing AircraftFire Crash Rescue Workers , F. R. Note 366, Fire Research Station, Boreham Wood, Herts, England,1959.

Greiner, T. M., Hand Anthropometry of U.S. Army Personnel, U.S. Army Natick Soldier ResearchDevelopment and Engineering Center, 1991.

C.2 Informational References. (Reserved)

C.3 References for Extracts in Informational Sections. (Reserved)



1971_Annex_C_SR_63_staff_use_only.docx




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Committee Statement

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Update referenced standards to reflect those cited in Annex A and any additional referencesadded during public comment.

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Public Comment No. 86-NFPA 1971-2016 [Chapter C]


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Documents

Second Revision No. 1-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Chapter 2 ] · 2016-09-29 · Second Revision No. 1-NFPA 1971-2016 [ Chapter 2 ] Chapter 2Referenced Publications 2.1General. The documents