Secondary & Cumulative Effects Analysis Training Program Module 4: How to Develop SCEA Land Use Information How to Develop Land Use Information

Secondary & Cumulative Effects Analysis Training

ProgramModule 4: How to Develop SCEA Land Use Information

How to Develop Land Use InformationHow to Develop Land Use Information



DetermineLevel of SCEA

Analysis

CollectResource

Data

IdentifyRegulatoryPrograms

MapResources &

Land Use

IdentifyMethodologies/

ConductAnalysis

Factors to ConsiderFactors to Consider

• Developing and mapping land use information is part of the analysis section of conducting a SCEA.

• Because of its importance to the analysis process, the development of land use is being treated as a separate section in the training seminar.

• Developing and mapping land use information is part of the analysis section of conducting a SCEA.

• Because of its importance to the analysis process, the development of land use is being treated as a separate section in the training seminar.

SCEA DOBe aware of how the development and mapping of land use information fits into the overall analysis of resources. Note that the analysis section of conducting a SCEA is discussed in detail in Module 5.

SCEA DOBe aware of how the development and mapping of land use information fits into the overall analysis of resources. Note that the analysis section of conducting a SCEA is discussed in detail in Module 5.



• Agricultural

• Residential

• Commercial

• Industrial

• Open Space

• Parkland

• Other

• Agricultural

• Residential

• Commercial

• Industrial

• Open Space

• Parkland

• Other

Land Use Types Generally ConsideredLand Use Types Generally Considered



Land Use Considerations

• Past Land Use

• Present Land Use

• Future Land Use

Land Use Considerations

• Past Land Use

• Present Land Use

• Future Land Use

Land Use ConsiderationsLand Use Considerations



Why Develop Land Use Information

• Past Land Use- Provides a baseline from which trends

can be developed.

• Present Land Use- Provides an intermediate year from

which trends can be determined.- Provides a current analysis year to

conduct overlay analysis.

• Future Land Use- Provides a build-out analysis year to


Why Develop Land Use Information

• Past Land Use- Provides a baseline from which trends

can be developed.

• Present Land Use- Provides an intermediate year from

which trends can be determined.- Provides a current analysis year to


• Future Land Use- Provides a build-out analysis year to


Land Use ConsiderationsLand Use Considerations



Mapping Land UseMapping Land UseSCEA DO

As part of the process for developing land use, map any available data sources. This will be

helpful in preparing the data for the analysis

methodologies that will be presented in Module 5. Be sure to map land use once all available

data sources have been collected. Only land use

information within the SCEA geographic

boundary should be mapped.

SCEA DOAs part of the process

for developing land use, map any available data sources. This will be

helpful in preparing the data for the analysis

methodologies that will be presented in Module 5. Be sure to map land use once all available

data sources have been collected. Only land use

information within the SCEA geographic

boundary should be mapped.



Past Land UsePast Land Use

Key Past Land Use Data Sources

Key Data Source DescriptionSHA

Availability

Aerial Photography

Digital Orthophotagraphy from DNR, USGS or county government, Spot satelite imagery and SHA Project Planning archived aerial photography

4

State Roads Commission Annual Highway Improvement Records 4

EPA Region III/DOTPast NEPA documents disclose the impacts of past projects

SHA's Regional Intermodal Planning Division (RIPD)

Past Master Plans and Major Development Matrices

4

Maryland Office of Planning Land Use Maps

MOP mapping provides Anderson Classification land use mapping for past years.

4

ACOE Permit FilesProvides way of tracking development through Army Corps of Engineers permit files

MDE Permit FilesProvides way of tracking development through Maryland Department of Environment permit files

Metropolitan Planning Organizations

Used to identify land use trends through past Long Range Plans (LRP) and Transportation Improvement Plans (TIP)

4


Availability

Aerial Photography

Digital Orthophotagraphy from DNR, USGS or county government, Spot satelite imagery and SHA Project Planning archived aerial photography

4

State Roads Commission Annual Highway Improvement Records 4

EPA Region III/DOTPast NEPA documents disclose the impacts of past projects

SHA's Regional Intermodal Planning Division (RIPD)

Past Master Plans and Major Development Matrices

4

Maryland Office of Planning Land Use Maps

MOP mapping provides Anderson Classification land use mapping for past years.

4



Metropolitan Planning Organizations

Used to identify land use trends through past Long Range Plans (LRP) and Transportation Improvement Plans (TIP)

4



Key Present Land Use Data Sources

Present Land UsePresent Land Use

NOTE: Near future (1 - 5 years) counts in present time period for land use.


Availability

Local PlannersLocal/Private development proposed for the "near future" (Within 1 - 5 years)

Regional Intermodal Planning Division (RIPD)

Major Development Projects 4

SHA Access Permits Additional screening for local development 4

SHA Projects having received location approval

Provides insight to land use that will potentially change due to a future SHA project.

4



EPA Region IIINEPA documents for all federally funded projects, including non-highway

Aerial Photography

Digital Orthophotagraphy from DNR, USGS or county government, Spot and other current satelite imagery that is readily available

4

Maryland Office of Planning land use/cover maps

Digital or paper county-wide land use/cover maps published by the Maryland Office of Planning

4

Travel ForecastingUsed to determine what impacts existing travel patterns and volumes have on land use.

4


Availability

Local PlannersLocal/Private development proposed for the "near future" (Within 1 - 5 years)


Major Development Projects 4



Provides insight to land use that will potentially change due to a future SHA project.

4



EPA Region IIINEPA documents for all federally funded projects, including non-highway

Aerial Photography

Digital Orthophotagraphy from DNR, USGS or county government, Spot and other current satelite imagery that is readily available

4

Maryland Office of Planning land use/cover maps

Digital or paper county-wide land use/cover maps published by the Maryland Office of Planning

4

Travel ForecastingUsed to determine what impacts existing travel patterns and volumes have on land use.

4




SCEA CAUTIONThe appropriate development size(s)

(i.e., subdivisions of a certain number of units, etc.) to be analyzed must be determined on a project-by-project basis. It is not necessary to

scour the entire SCEA study area for proposed development such as

individual residential lots less than one acre. Be sure to document the

rationale for why a particular development size was chosen.

SCEA CAUTIONThe appropriate development size(s)

(i.e., subdivisions of a certain number of units, etc.) to be analyzed must be determined on a project-by-project basis. It is not necessary to

scour the entire SCEA study area for proposed development such as

individual residential lots less than one acre. Be sure to document the

rationale for why a particular development size was chosen.



• Urban Developments - 500 units residential, 5,000 square feet commercial and 1,000,000 square feet industrial.

• Rural developments - 250 units residential, 2500 square feet commercial and 500,000 square feet industrial.

• Urban Developments - 500 units residential, 5,000 square feet commercial and 1,000,000 square feet industrial.

• Rural developments - 250 units residential, 2500 square feet commercial and 500,000 square feet industrial.

SHA Regional & Intermodal Planning Division (RIPD) Major Development Matrix




Key Future Land Use Data Sources

Future Land UseFuture Land Use


AvailabilityMetropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO's)

Constrained Long Range Plan (CLRP) 4


Major Development Matrix and local Master Plans

4

Travel Forecastng

Used to determine what impacts existing travel patterns and volumes have on land use and also source of land use data since there are specific land use assumptions used to develop no-build, ADTs.

4

Local Planners Local/Private proposed development

Local Master PlansProvide insight to areas designated for growth and also general trends for population and employment growth



Provides insight to land use that will potentially change do to a future SHA project.

4

Federal RegisterAnnounces EIS, NOI's and public hearings for 404 permits

EPAMaryland Office of Planning Land Use Forecast Maps

Chesapeake Bay FoundationProvide data on proposed major works /development projects

Sierra ClubProvide data on proposed major projects/development works


AvailabilityMetropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO's)

Constrained Long Range Plan (CLRP) 4


Major Development Matrix and local Master Plans

4

Travel Forecastng

Used to determine what impacts existing travel patterns and volumes have on land use and also source of land use data since there are specific land use assumptions used to develop no-build, ADTs.

4

Local Planners Local/Private proposed development

Local Master PlansProvide insight to areas designated for growth and also general trends for population and employment growth



Provides insight to land use that will potentially change do to a future SHA project.

4

Federal RegisterAnnounces EIS, NOI's and public hearings for 404 permits

EPAMaryland Office of Planning Land Use Forecast Maps

Chesapeake Bay FoundationProvide data on proposed major works /development projects

Sierra ClubProvide data on proposed major projects/development works



Development of future land use scenarios (done for each alternative including the no-build) for SCEA is primarily based on two sources:

• Travel Forecasts - Review and map future land uses with assumptions based on travel forecasts.

• Local/Regional Planning Resources - Meet with local planners and utilize planning resources such as the Regional & Intermodal Planning Division (RIPD), Metropolitan Planning Organizations, the Constrained Long Range Plan (CLRP) and local master plans to develop future land use scenarios.

Development of future land use scenarios (done for each alternative including the no-build) for SCEA is primarily based on two sources:

• Travel Forecasts - Review and map future land uses with assumptions based on travel forecasts.

• Local/Regional Planning Resources - Meet with local planners and utilize planning resources such as the Regional & Intermodal Planning Division (RIPD), Metropolitan Planning Organizations, the Constrained Long Range Plan (CLRP) and local master plans to develop future land use scenarios.




In special cases, “Expert Land Use Panels” can be convened to identify future land use scenarios, if a project is especially complex or if local jurisdictions, agencies or special interest groups disagree that a particular land use will or will not occur. The “Expert Land Use Panels” are not required when developing land use for a SCEA, but are considered on a project by project basis.

In special cases, “Expert Land Use Panels” can be convened to identify future land use scenarios, if a project is especially complex or if local jurisdictions, agencies or special interest groups disagree that a particular land use will or will not occur. The “Expert Land Use Panels” are not required when developing land use for a SCEA, but are considered on a project by project basis.

Future Land Use Data Sources




SCEA DOIn situations where two or more different future land use scenarios are predicted for a project alternative:• Determine the scenario that will most likely

reflect future land use.• Try to come to an agreement; if you can’t,

determine how to proceed on a project by project basis.

SCEA DOIn situations where two or more different future land use scenarios are predicted for a project alternative:• Determine the scenario that will most likely

reflect future land use.• Try to come to an agreement; if you can’t,

determine how to proceed on a project by project basis.

Key Future Land Use Data SourcesKey Future Land Use Data Sources



Middle River Employment Center Access Study (MRECAS)


• Baltimore County originally performed an economic Analysis for properties designated for development under the county's economic development plan.

- This analysis was originally used to support SHA's Project Purpose and Need

Statement.

- In general, the study was based upon projections of new business types and potential employee base associated with these businesses.

- The study determined that approximately 50% of the developable land would be developed.

• The Environmental Resources Agencies requested that an independent study be performed to confirm the County’s findings prior to concurring upon the project purpose and need.

• Baltimore County originally performed an economic Analysis for properties designated for development under the county's economic development plan.

- This analysis was originally used to support SHA's Project Purpose and Need

Statement.

- In general, the study was based upon projections of new business types and potential employee base associated with these businesses.

- The study determined that approximately 50% of the developable land would be developed.

• The Environmental Resources Agencies requested that an independent study be performed to confirm the County’s findings prior to concurring upon the project purpose and need.

MRECAS Expert Land Use Team

NOTE: The MRECAS expert land use panel considered the development of land use within the area where secondary effect were expected to occur; not the whole SCEA geographic boundary.



• The independent study was performed by a team of real estate, development and engineering professionals.

- Environmental resources (wetlands, stream buffers, cemeteries, parks and schools) were subtracted out of the land designated for development to determine the total amount of actual developable land.

- The results of the analysis projected that the economic development plan would create 13,830 jobs and would require 7,274,520 s.f. (approximately 170 acres) of new development that may potentially be built-out over a 10-year period.

- It was therefore determined that the projected economic development could be

accommodated within the county's developable land envelope (this includes consideration of environmental resources).

• The study was found to be acceptable by the resource agencies and concurrence on the project purpose and need was attained.

• The independent study was performed by a team of real estate, development and engineering professionals.

- Environmental resources (wetlands, stream buffers, cemeteries, parks and schools) were subtracted out of the land designated for development to determine the total amount of actual developable land.

- The results of the analysis projected that the economic development plan would create 13,830 jobs and would require 7,274,520 s.f. (approximately 170 acres) of new development that may potentially be built-out over a 10-year period.

- It was therefore determined that the projected economic development could be

accommodated within the county's developable land envelope (this includes consideration of environmental resources).

• The study was found to be acceptable by the resource agencies and concurrence on the project purpose and need was attained.

MD 43 Expert Land Use Team (continued)





The cumulative impact analysis must account for the secondary development resulting from a project alternative, plus any additional development within the SCEA geographical boundary that is not dependent upon a/the project alternative.

The cumulative impact analysis must account for the secondary development resulting from a project alternative, plus any additional development within the SCEA geographical boundary that is not dependent upon a/the project alternative.

Assessing Land Use for Cumulative Impacts




• Secondary Impacts - Land use changes that occur because of a Project Alternative.

• Cumulative Impacts - Land use changes that would occur or have occurred regardless of a Project Alternative.

• Secondary Impacts - Land use changes that occur because of a Project Alternative.

• Cumulative Impacts - Land use changes that would occur or have occurred regardless of a Project Alternative.

Types of Impacts That Cause Land Use Change Within a SCEA Boundary

Land usechanges

caused bysecondary project

impacts

Cumulative landuse changesresulting fromnon-project

related impacts

Total landuse change

in the SCEA geographicboundary

+ =




Coordination with local governments and/or developers should indicate planned development that will not proceed without approval of a specific transportation alternative.

Coordination with local governments and/or developers should indicate planned development that will not proceed without approval of a specific transportation alternative.

Coordination with Local Planning Officials

NOTE: Planned development may be unique to each project alternative.




Identify any local zoning implications and identify changes in land use or level of development that may occur as the result of each project alternative.

Identify any local zoning implications and identify changes in land use or level of development that may occur as the result of each project alternative.

Coordination with Local Planning Officials




SCEA DOYour meeting with the local planners may be your most important coordination in developing your future land use scenario, especially in respect to secondary development. It is important to present alternatives mapping when identifying potential secondary impacts with local planners. This will help illustrate differences in land use changes that may result from two or more alternatives.

SCEA DOYour meeting with the local planners may be your most important coordination in developing your future land use scenario, especially in respect to secondary development. It is important to present alternatives mapping when identifying potential secondary impacts with local planners. This will help illustrate differences in land use changes that may result from two or more alternatives.




• Access Controlled Facilities -Secondary impacts generally occur near intersection and interchange areas.

• Non-access Controlled Facilities - Secondary impacts can be spread out over the entire direct impact

study area (i.e. strip development).

• Access Controlled Facilities -Secondary impacts generally occur near intersection and interchange areas.

• Non-access Controlled Facilities - Secondary impacts can be spread out over the entire direct impact

study area (i.e. strip development).

Access Control/or Lack of it




MD 5 - Hughesville Transportation Improvement Project


MD 5 Land Use Development

Yes No

Past 4MOP land use maps, Charles Co. Master Plan, Charles Co. Planning Office

Base past land use scenario for certain resources

Present 4

Alternative Retained for Detailed Study ROW, 1994 MOP Land use maps, 1993 DNR Aerial Photos, Charles Co. Master Plan, CTP

Impacts from Alternatives, base land use classifications, near future development

Future 4

Proposed Major Developments (Charles County), Charles County Master Plan, CTP, Charles County Planning Office

Growth in specialized land use districts, proposed transportation plans, zoning implications, proposed major developments, population forecasts.

Time FrameConsidered

Data Source Land Use Development From Data Sources

Note that future development, as analyzed in the MD 5 EA, generally falls within a 1 -5 year timeframe. Under current SHA Guidelines, this development would be interpreted as being within the “present” time frame.

MD 5 LandUse Note



Proposed Major Developments in the SCEA Boundary

NAME ID # ACRES LOTS SFD APPROVED

Major Subdivis ions with Final Plat Approval

Benedict Plantation 88-183 359.25 89 89 3/20/89

Old Blanford Estates II 91-011 46.6 14 14 12/6/93

Peach Tree Hollow XPN970005 53.25 43 43 10/6/97

Woodlawn Manor 91-235 73.3 17 17 9/14/92

Swanson Creek Landing III

92-038 34.91 7 7 1/3/94

Carriage Cross ing (Deer Run)

92-152 363 106 106 11/2/92

Trentino Estates 92-160 60 18 18 11/16/92

Murphy, Section II 94-070 40.5 15 15 12/4/95

Preliminaries Subject to New Subdivis ion Regulations

Harvest Ridge XPN960012 42.78 13 13 11/3/97

Valid Preliminary Subdivis ion Plans

Eastern Hills XPN950081 137.18 27 27 9/23/96

All proposed developments are s ingle family detached res idential subdivis ions

Source: CCPO-PGM. August 1998.





Proposed Development and CTP areas in the SCEA Boundary







SCEA Guidelines recommend that land use from all three time frames be developed and mapped. Below are two main decisions in the SCEA process for MD 5 that are not consistent with SHA’s SCEA Guidelines.

• Only some of the information for the present time frame existed as readily available. Based on current SHA Guidelines the MD 5 SCEA should document map development for all three time frames including rationale for not mapping existing readily available land use.

• Some of the analysis methodologies used in determining secondary and cumulative effects did not necessitate mapping past, present or future land use. (It is good practice not to select analysis methodologies prior to completing acquisition of all land use materials. The availability of land use mapping should guide the rationale for which analysis methodologies to use).

SCEA Guidelines recommend that land use from all three time frames be developed and mapped. Below are two main decisions in the SCEA process for MD 5 that are not consistent with SHA’s SCEA Guidelines.

• Only some of the information for the present time frame existed as readily available. Based on current SHA Guidelines the MD 5 SCEA should document map development for all three time frames including rationale for not mapping existing readily available land use.

• Some of the analysis methodologies used in determining secondary and cumulative effects did not necessitate mapping past, present or future land use. (It is good practice not to select analysis methodologies prior to completing acquisition of all land use materials. The availability of land use mapping should guide the rationale for which analysis methodologies to use).

Documents

Secondary & Cumulative Effects Analysis Training Program Module 4: How to Develop SCEA Land Use Information How to Develop Land Use Information