Section 13 heat rate

7/27/2019 Section 13 heat rate

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Performance Review of Thermal Power Stations 2006-07 Section-13 PAGE NO 13.1

SECTION-13STATION HEAT RATE OF COAL/LIGNITE BASED

THERMAL POWER STATIONS

13.1 The heat rate of a conventional fossil-fueled power plant is a measure of

how efficiently it converts the chemical energy contained in the fuel intoelectrical energy. This conversion is accomplished in four major steps.First, the chemical energy in the fuel is converted into thermal energy,then the thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy, then the kineticenergy is converted in mechanical energy, and finally the mechanicalenergy is converted to electrical energy. In each of these sub-processes,some energy is lost to the environment. Some of the fuel is not burnt

completely, some of the thermal energy is lost out of the stack and rejectedto the cooling water, some of the kinetic and mechanical energy producesheat instead of electricity, and lastly some of the electricity that is

produced is used by these sub-processes. The heat rate of a power plant isthe amount of chemical energy that must be supplied to produce one unitof electrical energy. If a power plant converted 100% of the chemicalenergy in the fuel into electricity, the plant would have a heat rate of 860kcal/kWh. Alternatively, the required input divided by the actual output, isthe reciprocal of the efficiency. Chemical energy is usually measured inkilocalories (kcal) (or sometimes kilojoules, kJ) and electrical energy isusually measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh), the unit of heat rate is normallykcal/kWh (or kJ/kWh).

The Station Heat Rate (SHR) is an important index for assessing theefficiency of a thermal power station. It should be the endeavor of anystation to operate the unit as near their design Heat Rate as possible.Station heat rate improvement also helps in reducing pollution fromThermal Power Stations.

INDEX
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Improvements do not just happen, there must be a concerted effortmade just to maintain current status, and even more effort expendedto make improvements. Each plant should have a detailed planlisting specific activities that are to be carried out to makeimprovements, and the plant must be reviewed periodically to ensurethat the plan is being carried out.

Heat rate improvement is a continuing process. It must become partof the normal work activities, it must be considered along with, andat par with, reliability, safety, environmental concern, etc., whenoperating the unit, scheduling maintenance, and all other routineactivities.

The responsibility of heat rate improvement cannot be assigned to

one individual or organization but requires the active involvement ofthe all plant staff.

A performa has been devised in CEA to monitor various parameters ofefficiency of Thermal Power Stations in the country. Data related toStation Heat Rate parameters was received from 56 Thermal PowerStations during 2006-07, which have been compiled, analyzed and

compared with their design SHR. The analysis of station heat rate socarried out has been highlighted in the Annexure 13.1. The analysis ofstation heat rate parameters has been carried out in different categoriessuch as: range of SHR deviation (0-5%), (5-10%), (10-20%) and morethan 20%. The stations under 0-10% variation category are considered asgood performing stations and stations having greater than 10% variation

are considered as poorly operating ones. All the stations analysed areusing coal as primary fuel and oil as secondary fuel for flamestabilization/starting purposes except Neyveli, Kutch and Surat Lignitewhich are lignite based Thermal Power Stations. The analysis has beencarried out on the Station basis.


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taken from TPS authorities / SEBs / Generating Companies/ Utilities

on monthly basis.

d) Weighted average of Coal Gross Calorific Value (GCV) and OilGCV has been computed yearly for calculating heat rate for the year.

THIS ANALYSIS IS BASED ON THE PERFORMANCE DATA AS

AVAILAIBLE TO CEA. THE STATIONS WHICH ARE NOT FIGURINGAVAILIBLE IN THIS LIST HAVE EITHER NOT SUBMITTED DATA ORSUBMITTED INCOMPLETE DATA.

13.2 METHODS:

There are two methods for heat rate evaluation of Thermal Power Stations,i.e., Indirect Method and Direct Method.

13.2.1 INDIRECT METHOD:

Indirect method of Heat Rate Measurement is an instantaneous methodwhich is used for short duration and not possible throughout the year. It isa very complex method and basically a loss based method of measurementof Heat Rate. This method is generally adopted during the Energy Audit

Studies.

13.2.2 DIRECT METHOD:

Direct Method of Heat Rate Assessment is suitable for long duration inwhich averaging gives almost actual Heat Rate because Coal

consumption measurement is fairly accurate if taken over a month/Year.Therefore, this method is employed at almost all stations as per thestandard practice.

The methodology adopted by CEA for assessment of station heat rate isbased on Direct Method and the same is given in brief as follows:


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collected from Thermal Power Station authorities based on which

Operating Station Heat Rate for each month is calculated. Further,weighted Sp. Coal Consumption, weighted Sp. Oil Consumption,weighted GCV of coal and weighted GCV of oil are computed yearly forcalculating yearly SHR.

Step3

Operating SHR thus calculated is then compared with respect to designStation Heat Rate and percentage deviation is found to give an idea of

performance of the station as a whole as per Step 2.

13.3 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE GROSS STATION HEAT RATE

DATA ANALYSIS:

The Operating Heat Rate of Thermal Power Stations during 2006-07, theirdeviation from the design values and their improvement / deteriorationover the preceding year 2005-06 is given in the Annexure 13.1. The mainhighlights of the outcomes for the year 2006-07 and a comparativeanalysis with respect to the preceding year are given below:

(a) ALL INDIA STATION HEAT RATE

Year No. of

Stations

analyzed

Capacity

( MW)Weighted

Average

Design SHR

(kcal/kWh)

Weighted

average

Operating

SHR

(kcal/kWh)

%

Operating

SHR

Deviation

withrespect

to DesignSHR

%

improvement

(+) /

deterioration

(-) inOperating

Station Heat

Rate over

preceding

year


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(b) REGION WISE STATION HEAT RATE

Region Year Weighted

Average

Design SHR

(kcal/kWh)

Weighted

average

Operating SHR

(kcal/kWh)

% Operating

SHR Deviation

with respect to

Design SHR

(kcal/kWh)

2005-2006 2418 2793 15.51Northern 2006-2007 2418 2938 21.49

2005-2006 2360 2737 16.02Western

2006-2007 2369* 2833 19.61

2005-2006 2404 2667 10.06Southern

2006-2007 2400* 2679 11.62

2005-2006 2413 3072 18.58Eastern

2006-2007 2429* 3109 28.00* No. of Stations considered for 2005-06 and 2006-07 are different

The above analysis indicates there was no improvement in Operating SHRof any region during the year 2006-07 over the preceding year 2005-06.Further, the Southern Region achieved the lowest Operating SHR of 2679

kcal/kWh among all other regions during 2006-07 and all four regionsregistered deterioration in their Operating SHR.(c) The number of power stations, whose Operating SHR deviation w.r.t.

design heat rate falls in the range of 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-20% & more than20% are given in the following table for the year 2006-07.

S. N. Particulars 2006-07

1. Total Stations analyzed 56

2. No. of Stations in the range of SHR deviation (0-5%) 6

3. No. of stations in the range of SHR deviation (5-10%) 10

4. No. of stations in the range of SHR deviation (10-20%) 15


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Performance Review of Thermal Power Stations 2006-07 Section-13 PAGE NO 13. 6

ANNEXEURE-13.1

ANALYSIS OF OPERATING STATION HEAT RATE OF THERMAL POWER STATIONS DURING 2006-07

2005-06 2006-07Sl.

No.Name of Station Installed

Capacity

(MW)

Design Heat

Rate

(kcal/kWh)Operating

Heat Rate

(Kcal/kWh)

Operating

Heat Rate

(Kcal/kWh)

% Deviation

with respect

to DesignHeat Rate

% improvement

(+) / deterioration

(-) in OperatingHeat Rate over the

preceding year

NORTHERN REGION

1 I.P. 247.5 2623.0 3774.0 3870.1 47.55 (-)2.55

2 RAJGHAT 135.0 2580.3 3560.0 3208.7 24.35 9.87

3 PANIPAT 1360.0 2322.2 2934.0 2778.5 19.65 5.30

4 FARIDABAD 165.0 2810.5 4212.0 4264.2 51.73 (-)1.245 BHATINDA 440.0 2510.2 2908.0 3127.9 24.61 (-)7.56

6 LEHRA MOHABAT 420.0 2237.9 2407.0 2439.5 9.01 (-)1.35

7 ROPAR 1260.0 2277.4 2541.0 2702.4 18.66 (-)6.35

8 KOTA 1045.0 2418.4 2620.0 2578.6 6.63 1.58

9 SURATGARH 1250.0 2260.1 2490.0 2469.0 9.24 0.84

10 OBRA 1550.0 2700.9 3073.0 3345.0 23.85 (-)8.8511 PANKI 210.0 2381.5 3186.0 3519.1 47.77 (-)10.45

12 PARICHHA 640.0 2376.3 4298.0 3503.0 47.41 18.50

NORTHERN REGION 8722.5 2418.2 2793.0 2937.9 21.49 (-)5.2

WESTERN REGION

13 BHUSAWAL 482.5 2406.0 2635.0 2669.9 10.97 (-)1.33


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2005-06 2006-07Sl.

No.

Name of Station Installed

Capacity(MW)

Design Heat

Rate(kcal/kWh)

OperatingHeat Rate

(Kcal/kWh)

OperatingHeat Rate

(Kcal/kWh)

% Deviationwith respect

to Design

Heat Rate

% improvement(+) / deterioration

(-) in Operating

Heat Rate over the

preceding year

14 CHANDARPUR 2340.0 2277.9 2611.0 2600.0 14.14 0.42

15 DAHANU 500.0 2226.0 2298.0 2271.7 2.05 1.1516 KHAPERKHEDA 840.0 2254.5 2600.0 2602.7 15.45 (-)0.10

17 KORADI 1100.0 2402.1 2981.0 3023.0 25.85 (-)1.41

18 NASIK 910.0 2347.8 2651.0 2703.5 15.15 (-)1.98

19 PARAS 62.5 2686.1 3198.0 3260.4 21.38 (-)1.95

20 PARLI 690.0 2424.3 2665.0 2699.2 11.34 (-)1.28

21 TROMBAY 500.0 2413.8 2387.0 2482.1 2.83 (-)3.98

22 GANDHI NAGAR 870.0 2336.0 2568.0 3034.4 72.16 (-)18.1623 KUTCH LIGNITE 215.0 2872.7 3368.0 3128.5 8.90 7.11

24 SIKKA 240.0 2388.7 2926.0 3084.0 29.11 (-)5.40

25 SURAT LIGNITE 250.0 2399.0 2742.0 2554.0 6.46 6.86

26 TORRENT 400.0 2502.4 NA $ 3035.6 21.31 NA $

27 UKAI 850.0 2360.5 2746.0 2798.5 18.56 (-)1.91

28 AMAR KANTAK 290.0 2930.7 3918.0 3901.8 33.14 0.4129 SATPURA II 1142.5 2437.4 3288.0 3324.2 36.38 (-)1.10

30 BIRSINGHPUR 840.0 2292.9 2829.0 3063.3 33.60 (-)8.28

31 KORBA (EAST) 240.0 2368.6 2946.0 2656.4 12.15 9.83

32 KORBA (WEST) 840.0 2312.4 2653.0 2780.2 20.23 (-)4.79

WESTERN REGION 13602.5 2369.1 2737.0 2833.8 19.61 (-)3.5


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2005-06 2006-07Sl.

No.


Capacity(MW)

Design Heat

Rate(kcal/kWh)

OperatingHeat Rate

(Kcal/kWh)

OperatingHeat Rate

(Kcal/kWh)


to Design

Heat Rate


(-) in Operating

Heat Rate over the

preceding year

SOUTHERN REGION

33 KOTHAGUNDEM 720.0 2460.9 2660.0 2717.7 10.43 (-)2.1734 K'GUDEM(New), 500.0 2234.1 2312.0 2365.9 5.90 (-)2.33

35 RAYALSEEMA 420.0 2250.2 2327.0 2331.3 3.60 (-)0.18

36 VIJAYWADA 1260.0 2301.4 2402.0 2378.0 3.33 1.00

37 ENNORE 450.0 2506.9 3309.0 3250.4 29.66 1.77

38 METTUR 840.0 2386.0 2537.0 2522.8 5.73 0.56

39 NEYVELI-Expansion 420.0 2434.4 2770.0 2742.9 12.67 0.98

40 NEYVELI 600.0 2739.3 3992.0 3912.1 42.81 2.0041 NEYVELI -II 1470.0 2589.6 2878.0 2891.7 11.67 (-)0.48

42 NORTH CHENNAI 630.0 2348.1 2440.0 2454.4 4.53 (-)0.59

43 TUTICORIN 1050.0 2343.9 2502.0 2494.2 6.41 0.31

44 RAICHUR 1470.0 2288.0 NA $ 2585.3 12.99 NA $

45 TORANGALLU 260.0 2219.6 2382.0 2388.0 7.59 (-)0.25

SOUTHERN REGION 10090.0 2400.4 2667.0 2679.2 11.62 (-)0.5EASTERN REGION

46 JOJOBERA 427.5 2338.0 2562.0 2575.0 13.05 (-)0.51

47 IB Valley 420.0 2350.4 NA $ 2422.4 3.06 NA $

48 BAKRESWAR 630.0 2250.3 NA $ 3057.3 35.86 NA $

49 BANDEL 530.0 2509.6 3005.0 3278.1 30.62 (-)9.09


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2005-06 2006-07Sl.

No.


Capacity(MW)

Design Heat

Rate(kcal/kWh)

OperatingHeat Rate

(Kcal/kWh)

OperatingHeat Rate

(Kcal/kWh)


to Design

Heat Rate


(-) in Operating

Heat Rate over the

preceding year

50 BUDGE BUDGE 500.0 2314.1 2460.0 2468.4 6.67 (-)0.34

51 DPL 390.0 2699.4 3320.0 3590.8 33.02 (-)8.1652 KOLAGHAT 1260.0 2643.8 NA $ 3126.7 18.27 NA $

53 SANTALDIH 480.0 2298.1 3418.0 3639.1 58.36 (-)6.47

54 BOKARO 'B' 427.5 2338.0 3363.0 3493.3 49.41 (-)3.88

55 CHANDRAPURA 781.0 2349.2 3292.0 3265.1 38.99 0.82

56 DURGAPUR (DVC) 350.0 2395.6 NA $ 3191.9 33.24 NA $

EASTERN REGION 6196.0 2429.2 3071.9 3109.0 28.00 (-)1.20

ALL INDIA 38611.0 2398.0 2768.4 2861.1 19.31 (-)3.35

N.A. $ data not available in the year 2005-06

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Section 13 heat rate