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Section 3-1b
Section Objectives 1. Name the factors that determine the earth’s culture regions.
2. Relate how other social sciences help geographers determine culture
regions.
World Culture Regions Today
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Section 3-2
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Introduction
• These culture regions may not have clear boundaries. For this reason geographers with varying viewpoints may use different ways to decide the number of culture regions and the countries included in each.
– Geographers invent regions
• Geographers often divide the planet into areas called culture regions.
Map Supplement 3.1
Section 3-3
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Governments• Political scientists are people who study
________, or groups’ political systems.
REGION
• The kind of government a society has reflects the values of a culture.
– ___________, in which the people of a country vote for their leaders, shows that people value individual freedom.
– ___________ governments allow the power of the government to be more important than individual freedom.
Section 3-3
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Governments (cont.)
– A government in which one leader has full power over a country is a __________.
REGION
– A constitutional monarchy has monarchs and an elected lawmaking group.
• Sociologists are people who study people’s relationships to one another in groups.
Section 3-4
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Social GroupsREGION
• Sociologists use certain measures to determine how well a society meets its needs, including…
– infant survival rate.
– life expectancy.
– literacy rate.
– the scale of living–the quality of life based on available material goods.
Section 3-5
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• A country’s economic system is the way in which the people of the country produce, get, and use goods and services.
Economic SystemsREGION
• Economists are people who study and describe how economic systems work.
• The value of all goods and services produced annually by the citizens, working inside or outside the country,is the gross national product (GNP).
Section 3-6
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• The gross domestic product (GDP) covers all annual production within a country, including output by both foreign and domestic concerns operating in that country.
Economic Systems (cont.)
REGION
• Per capita income measures how much money per person a country or a region earns.
• GNP, GDP, and per capita income help classify countries as developed or developing countries.
Section 3-7
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• Governments that value individual freedom often have economic systems based on free enterprise, where private businesses operate with little interference from government.
Economic Systems (cont.)
REGION
• An economic system based on free enterprise is called capitalism.
• Authoritarian governments often use an economic system called socialism, in which the government decides how resources will be used and how businesses will be run.
Section 3-8
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• Anthropologists are scientists who study cultures by considering factors such as language and religion.
Language and ReligionREGION
• Languages spoken in a culture region often belong to the same language family, or group of languages having similar beginnings.
• Religion is an organized way of worshiping a spiritual being or thinking about life.
Map Supplement 3.2
Map Supplement 3.3
Section 3-Assessment 1
In what parts of the world do each of the world’s major religions predominate?
Judaism: Israel and major cities
Christianity: the Americas and Europe
Islam: Africa and Asia
Hinduism: Asia
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Section 3-Assessment 2
Why do scientists use such measures as GNP, GDP, and literacy rate in studying groups of people?
Scientists use these measures to show how well a society meets its needs.
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Section 3-1b
Section Objectives 1. Name the factors that determine the earth’s culture regions.
2. Relate how other social sciences help geographers determine culture
regions.
World Culture Regions Today
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End of Section 3
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