Section 3: The North WinsSection 3: The North WinsSection 4: The Legacy of the WarSection 4: The Legacy of the War

There were hundreds of small battles There were hundreds of small battles in the Civil War – and several more in the Civil War – and several more

famous onesfamous ones Fort SumterFort Sumter Bull RunBull Run New OrleansNew Orleans AntietamAntietam FredericksburgFredericksburg ChancellorsvilleChancellorsville VicksburgVicksburg GettysburgGettysburg ChattanoogaChattanooga AtlantaAtlanta

All Civil War Battles Famous Civil War Battles General Civil War informati

on

GettysburgGettysburg is the one many people think of 1stis the one many people think of 1st

Gettysburg happened Gettysburg happened about half way through about half way through the war.the war.

The first half: the South The first half: the South was a little ahead.was a little ahead.

At Gettysburg the North At Gettysburg the North rallied, won the battle, rallied, won the battle, and started to take a and started to take a little more control over little more control over the Confederates.the Confederates.

The fighting at GettysburgThe fighting at Gettysburg

Lasted for 3 days.Lasted for 3 days. 90,000 Union troops 90,000 Union troops

against 75,000 against 75,000 Confederate troops.Confederate troops.

The Union was trying The Union was trying to hold some ground to hold some ground (Cemetery Ridge) and (Cemetery Ridge) and the South kept trying the South kept trying to take it from them.to take it from them.

There was very There was very intense fighting from intense fighting from both sides.both sides.

On July 3On July 3rdrd (the 3 (the 3rdrd day) day)

Confederate General Confederate General George Picket decided to George Picket decided to directly attack the middle of directly attack the middle of the Union line. the Union line.

13,000 Rebel troops 13,000 Rebel troops charged up the ridge into charged up the ridge into enemy fire.enemy fire.

It was a terrible tactical It was a terrible tactical mistake – the Southmistake – the South ’’s men s men were torn apart.were torn apart.

The North actually had a The North actually had a chance to chance to ““finish them offfinish them off””, , but Lincolnbut Lincoln’’s generals let s generals let them retreat.them retreat.

One third of general LeeOne third of general Lee ’’s s army was dead or wounded.army was dead or wounded.

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in

liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing great civil war, testing whether that nation, or whether that nation, or any nation so conceived any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of on a great battlefield of that war. We have come that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final that field, as a final resting place for those resting place for those who here gave their lives who here gave their lives that that nation might that that nation might live. It is altogether live. It is altogether fitting and proper that fitting and proper that we should do this.we should do this.

But in a larger sense, we cannot But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate - we cannot consecrate - we dedicate - we cannot consecrate - we cannot hallow - this ground. The cannot hallow - this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that highly resolve that these dead shall these dead shall not have died in vain - that this not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.perish from the earth.

One of the more devastating attacks One of the more devastating attacks came with came with General ShermanGeneral Sherman’’s / s / ““march march

to the seato the sea”” Sherman (Union) started Sherman (Union) started

his men on a march from his men on a march from Atlanta – to Atlanta – to ““deal withdeal with”” anything they came up anything they came up against in Georgia.against in Georgia.

His men went from His men went from Atlanta all the way to the Atlanta all the way to the Atlantic Ocean.Atlantic Ocean.

On the way they On the way they destroyed everything in destroyed everything in their path – rail lines, their path – rail lines, crops, livestock, looted crops, livestock, looted and burned towns.and burned towns.

This really angered and This really angered and destroyed morale in the destroyed morale in the SouthSouth

After some other battles, the Confederates After some other battles, the Confederates felt they had no other choice – than to felt they had no other choice – than to

surrendersurrender

On April 9On April 9thth, 1865, , 1865, General Lee (S) and General Lee (S) and General Grant General Grant ((N) N) met at met at Appomattox Appomattox Court House Court House (in (in Virginia) to arrange Virginia) to arrange the surrender.the surrender.

Grant and the North Grant and the North were very kind to the were very kind to the Confederates.Confederates.

They got to go home in They got to go home in peace.peace.

They got to take their They got to take their private possessions private possessions (and horses) with them.(and horses) with them.

The hungry soldiers got The hungry soldiers got food.food.

Most of them walked Most of them walked home.home.

When the Civil War was When the Civil War was overover

3,000,000 men had 3,000,000 men had fought on both sides fought on both sides (about 1/10 Americans)(about 1/10 Americans)

620,000 soldiers had 620,000 soldiers had died.died.

535,000 soldiers had 535,000 soldiers had been wounded.been wounded.

A LOT of money had A LOT of money had been spent (in 5 years been spent (in 5 years - 5 times the amount of - 5 times the amount of money the country had money the country had spent in its entire spent in its entire history)history)

The The 1313thth Amendment Amendment was passedwas passed(banned slavery in the United (banned slavery in the United

States)States)

5 days later… Abraham Lincoln 5 days later… Abraham Lincoln went to watch a play with his went to watch a play with his

wifewife

Lincoln was feeling pretty good about Lincoln was feeling pretty good about everything – he even thought heeverything – he even thought he’’d relax a d relax a

little bit.little bit.

And he thought And he thought hehe’’d go watch a d go watch a play – just about 6 - play – just about 6 - 8 blocks from the 8 blocks from the White House.White House.

A man named A man named John John Wilkes Booth Wilkes Booth stopped by…stopped by…

And… you know… And… you know… the rest of the storythe rest of the story

                                      

          

Consequences of the Civil Consequences of the Civil WarWar

People started to talk People started to talk about the United about the United States as one big States as one big country (not sections country (not sections of America).of America).

The federal The federal government grew government grew larger and more larger and more powerful.powerful.

Northern industries Northern industries continued to grow continued to grow (they hadn(they hadn’’t been t been ruined by the war).ruined by the war).

In the South:In the South: Farms and plantations Farms and plantations

were destroyed.were destroyed. 40% of the livestock were 40% of the livestock were

destroyed.destroyed. 50% of farm machinery 50% of farm machinery

was destroyed.was destroyed. Factories were demolished.Factories were demolished. Railroad tracks had been Railroad tracks had been

torn apart.torn apart. The SouthThe South’’s economic s economic

system was torn apart (no system was torn apart (no more slaves).more slaves).

What should they do with 4 What should they do with 4 million newly freed people?million newly freed people?

At this point in history – we At this point in history – we finally start to see photographs finally start to see photographs

of eventsof events And not paintings or And not paintings or

drawings anymore.drawings anymore. Photography had been Photography had been

invented.invented. But… still very basic – But… still very basic –

for example people had for example people had to be very still or the to be very still or the picture would be blurry.picture would be blurry.

Matthew Brady Matthew Brady is is generally accepted as generally accepted as the best / most famous the best / most famous of the Civil War of the Civil War photographersphotographers