SECTION I 2015 - Brown Technical 2015/ASME BPVC-I-2015.pdf · Statement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify ... PG-29 Dished Heads ... PW-13 Head‐to‐Flange Requirements

2015 ASME Boiler andPressure Vessel CodeAn International Code

Rules for Construct ionof Power Boi lers

SECTION I

ASME BPVC. I -2015

IRULES FOR CONSTRUCTIONOF POWER BOILERSASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committeeon Power Boilers

AN INTERNATIONAL CODE

2015 ASME Boiler &Pressure Vessel Code2015 Edition July 1, 2015

Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA

Date of Issuance: July 1, 2015

This international code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria forAmerican National Standards and it is an American National Standard. The Standards Committee that approvedthe code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests havehad an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and com-ment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, andthe public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any

items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liabilityfor infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard areexpressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of suchrights, is entirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as

government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the es-

tablished ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.The endnotes and preamble in this document (if any) are part of this American National Standard.

ASME collective membership mark

Certification Mark

The above ASME symbol is registered in the U.S. Patent Office.

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No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronicretrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the

publisher.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 56-3934Printed in the United States of America

Adopted by the Council of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1914; latest edition 2015.

The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright © 2015 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

All rights reserved

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviiStatement of Policy on the Use of the Certification Mark and Code Authorization in Advertising . . . . . . . . . . xixStatement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify Manufactured Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xixSubmittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxPersonnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiiPreamble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxixSummary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xliList of Changes in Record Number Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xlviCross-Referencing and Stylistic Changes in the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xlix

Part PG General Requirements for all Methods of Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

PG-1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1PG-2 Service Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1PG-3 Referenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1PG-4 Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2PG-5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2PG-6 Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3PG-7 Forgings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3PG-8 Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3PG-9 Pipes, Tubes, and Pressure‐Containing Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3PG-10 Material Identified With or Produced to a Specification Not Permitted by This

Section, and Material Not Fully Identified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6PG-11 Prefabricated or Preformed Pressure Parts Furnished Without a Certification

Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7PG-12 Water Level Indicators and Connector Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10PG-13 Stays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10PG-14 Rivets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11PG-16 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11PG-17 Fabrication by a Combination of Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11PG-18 Design Validation by Proof Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11PG-19 Cold Forming of Austenitic Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11PG-20 Cold Forming of Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13PG-21 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13PG-22 Loadings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14PG-23 Stress Values for Calculation Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14PG-25 Quality Factors for Steel Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15PG-26 Weld Joint Strength Reduction Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16PG-27 Cylindrical Components Under Internal Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16PG-28 Components Under External Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21PG-29 Dished Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24PG-30 Stayed Dished Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25PG-31 Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Openings and Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29PG-32 Openings in Shells, Headers, and Dished Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29PG-33 Compensation Required for Openings in Shells and Dished Heads . . . . . . . 30

iii

PG-34 Flanged‐in Openings in Formed Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32PG-35 Compensation Required for Openings in Flat Unstayed Heads and Flat Stayed

Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32PG-36 Limits of Metal Available for Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32PG-37 Strength of Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34PG-38 Compensation for Multiple Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35PG-39 Methods of Attachment of Pipe and Nozzle Necks to Vessel Walls . . . . . . . . 35PG-42 General Requirements for Flanges, Pipe Fittings, and Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . 36PG-43 Nozzle Neck Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39PG-44 Inspection Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39PG-46 Stayed Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40PG-47 Staybolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40PG-48 Location of Staybolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41PG-49 Dimensions of Staybolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41PG-52 Ligaments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41PG-53 Ligaments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44PG-55 Supports and Attachment Lugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44PG-56 Loading on Structural Attachments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Boiler External Piping and Boiler Proper Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48PG-58 Outlets and External Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48PG-59 Application Requirements for the Boiler Proper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Design and Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55PG-60 Design and Application Requirements for Miscellaneous Pipe, Valves, and

Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55PG-61 Feedwater Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Overpressure Protection Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59PG-67 Boiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59PG-68 Superheater and Reheater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62PG-69 Certification of Capacity of Pressure Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64PG-70 Capacity of Pressure Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71PG-71 Mounting of Pressure Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72PG-72 Operation of Pressure Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72PG-73 Minimum Requirements for Pressure Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77PG-75 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77PG-76 Cutting Plates and Other Stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77PG-77 Plate Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77PG-78 Repairs of Defects in Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77PG-79 Tube Holes and Ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77PG-80 Permissible Out‐of‐Roundness of Cylindrical Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78PG-81 Tolerance for Formed Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78PG-82 Holes for Stays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Inspection and Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78PG-90 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78PG-91 Qualification of Inspectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79PG-93 Examination and Repair of Flat Plate in Corner Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80PG-99 Hydrostatic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Certification by Stamping and Data Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80PG-101 Heating Surface Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80PG-104 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81PG-105 Certification Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81PG-106 Stamping of Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82PG-107 Field Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85PG-108 Stamping for Field‐Assembled Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85PG-109 Stamping of Pressure Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86PG-110 Stamping of Boiler Pressure Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

iv

PG-111 Location of Stampings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87PG-112 Manufacturer’s Data Report Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87PG-113 Master Data Report Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Part PW Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

PW-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

PW-5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

PW-8 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92PW-9 Design of Welded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92PW-10 Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93PW-11 Volumetric Examination of Welded Butt Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93PW-13 Head‐to‐Flange Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93PW-14 Openings in or Adjacent to Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93PW-15 Welded Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96PW-16 Minimum Requirements for Attachment Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96PW-19 Welded‐In Stays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103PW-26 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103PW-27 Welding Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103PW-28 Welding Qualification and Weld Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107PW-29 Base Metal Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108PW-31 Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108PW-33 Alignment Tolerance, Shells and Vessels (Including Pipe or Tube Used as a

Shell) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108PW-34 Alignment, Tube and Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108PW-35 Finished Longitudinal and Circumferential Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108PW-36 Miscellaneous Welding Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109PW-38 Preheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109PW-39 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109PW-40 Repair of Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121PW-41 Circumferential Joints in Pipes, Tubes, and Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123PW-42 Joints in Valves and Other Boiler Appurtenances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124PW-44 Fabrication Rules for Bimetallic Tubes When the Clad Strength Is Included 124

Inspection and Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126PW-46 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126PW-47 Check of Welding Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126PW-48 Check of Welder and Welding Operator Performance Qualifications . . . . . . 126PW-49 Check of Heat Treatment Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126PW-50 Qualification of Nondestructive Examination Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127PW-51 Radiographic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127PW-52 Ultrasonic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127PW-53 Test Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127PW-54 Hydrostatic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Part PR Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Riveting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

PR-1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133PR-2 Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133PR-3 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133PR-4 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133PR-5 Strength of Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133PR-6 Strength of Rivets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

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PR-7 Crushing/Compressive Strength of Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133PR-8 Joint Efficiency and the Thickness of Shells and Drums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133PR-9 Thickness of Buttstraps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134PR-10 Longitudinal Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134PR-11 Circumferential Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134PR-12 Transverse Pitch (Back Pitch) of Rows of Rivets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134PR-13 Preparation of Plate Edges for Calking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135PR-14 Edge Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135PR-15 Riveted Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135PR-16 Reinforcement of Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136PR-17 Reinforcing Shells of Watertube Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137PR-18 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137PR-19 Welded Connections in Riveted Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137PR-20 Buttstraps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137PR-21 Rivet Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137PR-22 Assembly of Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138PR-23 Riveting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138PR-24 Joint Tightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Inspection, Tests, and Data Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139PR-25 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139PR-26 Hammer Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139PR-27 Hydrostatic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139PR-28 Data Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Part PB Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Brazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

PB-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

PB-5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140PB-6 Brazing Filler Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141PB-7 Fluxes and Atmospheres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141PB-8 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141PB-9 Strength of Brazed Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141PB-10 Brazed Joint Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141PB-14 Application of Brazing Filler Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142PB-15 Permissible Types of Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142PB-16 Joint Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142PB-17 Joint Brazing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142PB-18 Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143PB-19 Brazed Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143PB-26 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143PB-28 Qualification of Brazing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143PB-29 Qualification of Brazers and Brazing Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143PB-30 Cleaning of Surfaces to Be Brazed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144PB-31 Clearance Between Surfaces to Be Brazed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144PB-32 Postbrazing Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144PB-33 Repair of Defective Brazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Inspection and Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144PB-46 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144PB-47 Check of Brazing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144PB-48 Brazer and Brazing Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144PB-49 Visual Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144PB-50 Exemptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

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Marking and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145PB-51 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Part PL Requirements For Locomotive Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

PL-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146PL-2 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146PL-3 Testing and Stamping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146PL-4 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146PL-5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146PL-6 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146PL-7 Allowable Stress Values for Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146PL-8 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149PL-9 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149PL-10 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149PL-11 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149PL-12 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149PL-13 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149PL-14 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149PL-15 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149PL-16 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149PL-17 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149PL-18 Cylindrical Boiler Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149PL-19 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149PL-20 Reinforcing and Doubling Plates on Unstayed Portions of the Boiler . . . . . . 149PL-21 Requirements for Domes of Locomotive Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150PL-22 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154PL-23 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154PL-24 Flues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154PL-25 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156PL-26 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156PL-27 Stayed Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156PL-28 Mudring (Firebox Foundation Ring) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158PL-29 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159PL-30 Staybolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159PL-31 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160PL-32 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160PL-33 Crown Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160PL-34 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160PL-35 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160PL-36 Braces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160PL-37 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166PL-38 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166PL-39 Arch Tubes, Circulators, and Thermic Syphons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166PL-40 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169PL-41 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169PL-42 Water Gage Glasses and Water Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169PL-43 Boiler Blowoff Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170PL-44 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170PL-45 Feedwater Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170PL-46 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170PL-47 In the Course of Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170PL-48 Dry Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

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Part PWT Requirements for Watertube Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

PWT-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

PWT-5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

PWT-8 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171PWT-9 Tubes and Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171PWT-11 Tube Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171PWT-12 Staybolting Box‐Type Headers and Waterlegs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173PWT-13 Staying Segment of Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173PWT-14 Firing Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173PWT-15 Access and Firing Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Part PFT Requirements for Firetube Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

PFT-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

PFT-5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

PFT-8 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174PFT-9 Thickness Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174PFT-10 Shell Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174PFT-11 Attachment of Heads and Tubesheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174PFT-12 Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Combustion Chambers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176PFT-13 Combustion Chamber Tubesheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176PFT-14 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177PFT-15 Plain Circular Furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177PFT-17 Ring‐Reinforced Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177PFT-18 Corrugated Furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178PFT-19 Combined Plain Circular and Corrugated Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178PFT-20 Attachment of Furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178PFT-21 Fireboxes and Waterlegs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Stayed Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180PFT-22 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180PFT-23 Working Pressure for Stayed Curved Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180PFT-24 Staying Horizontal Return Tube Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182PFT-25 Staying Segments of Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182PFT-26 Area Supported by Stay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182PFT-27 Maximum Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182PFT-28 Staybolts and Stays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183PFT-29 Flexible Staybolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184PFT-30 Crown Bars and Girder Stays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184PFT-31 Stay Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185PFT-32 Stresses in Diagonal Stays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Doors and Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186PFT-40 Welded Door Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186PFT-41 Openings in Wrapper Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186PFT-42 Fireside Access Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186PFT-43 Requirements for Inspection Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186PFT-44 Opening Between Boiler and Pressure Relief Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Domes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186PFT-45 Requirements for Domes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187PFT-46 Method of Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

viii

Piping, Fittings, and Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187PFT-47 Water Level Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187PFT-48 Feed Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188PFT-49 Blowoff Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Part PFH Optional Requirements for Feedwater Heater (When Located WithinScope of Section I Rules) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

PFH-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Part PMB Requirements for Miniature Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

PMB-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190PMB-2 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190PMB-5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190PMB-8 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190PMB-9 Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190PMB-10 Washout Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190PMB-11 Feedwater Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191PMB-12 Blowoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191PMB-13 Water Gages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191PMB-14 Fixtures and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191PMB-15 Pressure Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191PMB-16 Steam Stop Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191PMB-17 Automatic Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191PMB-21 Hydrostatic Tests and Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Part PEB Requirements for Electric Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

PEB-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192PEB-2 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192PEB-3 Optional Requirements for the Boiler Pressure Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192PEB-5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193PEB-8 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193PEB-9 Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193PEB-10 Inspection Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193PEB-11 Feedwater Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193PEB-12 Blowoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193PEB-13 Water Level Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193PEB-14 Pressure Gages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193PEB-15 Pressure Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193PEB-16 Automatic Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194PEB-17 Hydrostatic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194PEB-18 Inspection and Stamping of Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194PEB-19 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Electric Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Part PVG Requirements for Organic Fluid Vaporizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

PVG-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

PVG-5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

PVG-8 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196PVG-9 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196PVG-10 Gage Glasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

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PVG-11 Drain Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196PVG-12 Pressure Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Part PFE Requirements for Feedwater Economizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198PFE-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198PFE-2 Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198PFE-3 Pressure Relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198PFE-4 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Part PHRSG Requirements for Heat Recovery Steam Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199PHRSG-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199PHRSG-2 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199PHRSG-3 Requirements for Superheater and Reheater Condensate Removal Connec-

tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199PHRSG-4 Desuperheater Drain Pots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199PHRSG-5 Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Mandatory Appendix II Standard Units for Use in Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Mandatory Appendix III Criteria for Reapplication of a Certification Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Mandatory Appendix IV Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells and in Spherical Segments ofHeads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Mandatory Appendix V Additional Rules for Boilers Fabricated by Riveting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Mandatory Appendix VI Establishing Governing Code Editions, Addenda, and Cases for Boilersand Replacement Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Nonmandatory Appendix A Explanation of the Code Containing Matter Not Mandatory Unless Spe-cifically Referred to in the Rules of the Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Nonmandatory Appendix B Positive Material Identification Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

FIGURESPG-28 Maximum Internal Projection of Welded Access or Inspection Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22PG-31 Some Acceptable Types of Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26PG-33.1 Nomenclature and Equations for Reinforced Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31PG-33.2 Some Representative Configurations Describing the Dimensions te , h , and d . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33PG-33.3 Chart for Determining Value of F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34PG-38 Illustrations of the Rule Given in PG-38.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35PG-42.1 Welding End Transitions Maximum Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38PG-46.2 Acceptable Proportions for Ends of Through‐Stays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40PG-52.1 Diagram for Determining the Efficiency of Longitudinal and Diagonal Ligaments Between

Openings in Cylindrical Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42PG-52.2 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Equal in Every Row . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43PG-52.3 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Unequal in Every Second Row . . . . . . . . . . . . 43PG-52.4 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Varying in Every Second and Third Row . . . . 43PG-52.5 Example of Tube Spacing With Tube Holes on Diagonal Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44PG-53.3 Diagram for Determining Equivalent Longitudinal Efficiency of Diagonal Ligaments Between

Openings in Cylindrical Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45PG-56.1.2 Method of Computation of Attachments to Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46PG-56.2 Chart for Determining Load Factor, Lf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47PG-58.3.1(a) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Drum‐Type Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49PG-58.3.1(b) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping— Isolable Economizers Located in Feedwater Piping and

Isolable Superheaters in Main Steam Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50PG-58.3.1(c) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Reheaters and Nonintegral Separately Fired Super-

heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51PG-58.3.2 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping— An Example of Forced‐Flow Steam Generators With No

Fixed Steam or Waterline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

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PG-58.3.3 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — An Example of Steam Separator Type Forced-FlowSteam Generators With No Fixed Steam or Waterline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

PG-59.1 Typical Boiler Bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54PG-60.3.7 Y‐Type Globe Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57PG-60.3.9 Typical Arrangement of Steam and Water Connections for a Water Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58PG-67.4 Requirements for Overpressure Protection Forced‐Flow Steam Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61PG-80 Maximum Permissible Deviation From a Circular Form, e , for Cylindrical Parts Under External

Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79PG-105.1 Official Certification Mark to Denote the American Society of Mechanical Engineers’ Standard

for Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82PG-106 Form of Stamping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83PW-9.3.1 Butt Welding of Plates of Unequal Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92PW-9.3.3 Heads Attached to Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94PW-9.4 Prohibited Welded Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95PW-15 Examples of Weld Strength Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97PW-16.1 Some Acceptable Types of Welded Nozzles and Other Connections to Shells, Drums, and

Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98PW-16.2 Some Acceptable Forms of Welds for Lugs, Hangers, and Brackets on Shells, Drums, and

Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102PW-16.8 Some Acceptable Designs for Partial-Penetration-Weld-Type Attachments Designed for 900°F

(480°C) or Higher Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104PW-19.4(a) Some Acceptable Types of Diagonal Braces for Installation by Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106PW-19.4(b) Unacceptable Types of Diagonal Braces for Installation by Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106PW-53.1 Test Specimens From Longitudinal Welded Test Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128PW-53.2 Method of Forming Longitudinal Test Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129PW-53.3(a) Details of Tension Test Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130PW-53.3(b) Details of Bend Test Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131PR-13-1 Typical Plate Edge Beveled for Sealing by Calking in a Riveted Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135PR-15.4-1 Location of Seams in Inside and Outside Calking Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136PR-17.2-1 Boundary of Reinforcing Plate on Outside and Inside of Drum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137PR-20.2-1 Allowable Welding of Plate Edges at Ends of Buttstraps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138PB-15 Some Acceptable Types of Brazed Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142PL-2.2-1 Steam Locomotive Boiler With Dome Throttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147PL-2.2-2 Steam Locomotive Boiler With Front-End Throttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148PL-20.4.1-1 Round Riveted Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150PL-20.4.2-1 Diamond Riveted Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151PL-20.5-1 Manhole Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151PL-21.4.1-1 Steam Dome Top Flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153PL-27.5-1 Examples of Doubler Attachment Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157PL-27.6.3-1 Double-Riveted Lap Seam in Stayed Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159PL-27.6.3-2 Double-Fillet-Welded Lap Seam in Stayed Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159PL-27.7-1 Upper Corner of Firebox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160PL-28.2-1 Some Examples of Acceptable Mudring Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161PL-33-1 Example of Crown Bar Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162PL-36.2.1-1 Support Perimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163PL-36.5-1 Typical Forms of Diagonal Braces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164PL-36.7-1 Typical Forms of Gusset Braces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164PL-36.9-1 Tee Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165PL-36.9-2 Tee-Iron Support Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166PL-39.1-1 Arch Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167PL-39.2.1-1 Circulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168PL-39.2.1-2 Circulator Attachment Section Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168PL-39.3-1 Example of Thermic Syphon Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169PWT-11 Examples of Acceptable Forms of Tube Attachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172PFT-12.1 Some Acceptable Forms of Tube Attachment on Firetube Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175PFT-17.2 Acceptable Type of Ring‐Reinforced Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

xi

PFT-18.1 Morison Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178PFT-19 Connection Between Plain and Corrugated Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179PFT-20 Welding Ogee Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179PFT-21 Some Acceptable Methods of Forming Waterleg Joints by Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180PFT-23.1 Stayed Wrapper Sheet of Locomotive‐Type Boiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181PFT-25 Example of Staying of Heads Adjacent to Cylindrical Furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183PFT-27 Pitch of Staybolts Adjacent to Upper Corners of Fireboxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184PFT-32 Measurements for Determining Stresses in Diagonal Stays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185PFT-46.1 Spacing and Weld Details for Wall‐Support Lugs Set in Pairs on Horizontal‐Return Tubular

Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188PFT-46.2 Welded Bracket Connection for Horizontal‐Return Tubular Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188PVG-12 Constant, C , for Vapor Related to Ratio of Specific Heats (k = cp/cv) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197PHRSG-4 Some Acceptable Desuperheater Spraywater Protection Device Arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . 201IV-2-1 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208IV-3-1 Blend Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209IV-3-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209IV-3-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209IV-3-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210IV-3-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210V-2.2-1 Riveted Circumferential Joint for Circular Furnace Plates Over 5/8 in. (16 mm) . . . . . . . . . . . 211V-2.2-2 Proper Location of Staybolts Adjacent to Longitudinal Joint in Furnace Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . 212V-4-1 Staying of Head With Steel Angles in Tubular Boiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213V-5-1 Method of Riveting Manhole Frames to Shells or Drums With Two Rows of Rivets . . . . . . . 214A-2-1 Single-Riveted Lap Joint, Longitudinal or Circumferential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217A-3-1 Double-Riveted Lap Joint, Longitudinal or Circumferential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218A-4-1 Double-Riveted Buttstrap and Double-Strap Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218A-5-1 Triple-Riveted Buttstrap and Double-Strap Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219A-6-1 Quadruple-Riveted Buttstrap and Double-Strap Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219A-6-2 Joints That May Be Used to Avoid Eccentric Stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220A-8 Detail Illustrations Showing Application of PG-48 and PFT-27 to the Staying of Boilers . . . 221A-19 Typical Forms of Fusible Plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227A-66 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233A-67 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235A-68 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236A-69 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237A-70.1 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243A-70.2 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245A-71 Structural Attachment With Radial Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247A-72 Structural Attachment With Eccentric Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247A-73 Structural Attachment With Moment Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247A-74 Structural Attachment on Tube Bend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248A-75-1 Example of Nozzle Attached by Riveting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249A-250.3.4-1 Aligned Rounded Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254A-250.3.4-2 Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254A-250.3.6-1 Charts for t 1/8 in. (3 mm) to 1/4 in. (6 mm), Inclusive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255A-250.3.6-2 Charts for t Over 1/4 in. (6 mm) to 3/8 in. (10 mm), Inclusive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256A-250.3.6-3 Charts for t Over 3/8 in. (10 mm) to 3/4 in. (19 mm), Inclusive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256A-250.3.6-4 Charts for t Over 3/4 in. (19 mm) to 2 in. (50 mm), Inclusive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257A-250.3.6-5 Charts for t Over 2 in. (50 mm) to 4 in. (100 mm), Inclusive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258A-250.3.6-6 Charts for t Over 4 in. (100 mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259A-357 Guide to Data Report Forms Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300A-370 Sample Certificate of Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

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TABLESPG-19 Post Cold‐Forming Strain Limits and Heat‐Treatment Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12PG-20 Post Cold‐Forming Strain Limits and Heat‐Treatment Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14PG-26 Weld Strength Reduction Factors to Be AppliedWhen Calculating Maximum Allowable Working

Pressure or Minimum Required Thickness of Components Fabricated With a LongitudinalSeam Weld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

PG-39 Minimum Number of Threads Per Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36PG-56.2 Tube Attachment Angle Design Factor, K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47PG-67.5 Supercritical Correction Factor, Ksc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63PG-67.5M Supercritical Correction Factor, Ksc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65PG-68.7 Superheat Correction Factor, Ksh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67PG-68.7M Superheat Correction Factor, Ksh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69PW-11 Required Volumetric Examination of Welded Butt Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95PW-33 Alignment Tolerance of Sections to Be Butt Welded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108PW-39-1 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments

— P-No. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111PW-39-2 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments



— P-No. 5A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114PW-39-5 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments

— P-No. 15E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115PW-39-6 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments




— P-No. 10H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118PW-39-10 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments

— P-No. 10I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118PW-39-11 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments

— P-No. 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119PW-39-12 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments



— P-No. 51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120PW-39.1 Alternate Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels . . . . . . . 121PR-9-1 Minimum Thickness of Buttstraps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134PR-15.3-1 Allowable Stress on Rivets in Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136PB-1 Maximum Design Temperatures for Brazing Filler Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141PB-16 Recommended Joint Clearance at Brazing Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143PL-21.3.4-1 Thickness of Riveted Reinforcing Rings for Dome Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152PL-24.1-1 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure for Steel Flues for Firetube Locomotive Boilers . . . . 155PL-28.4-1 Radii for Firebox Mudrings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162PHRSG-4 Minimum Drain Pot Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202II-1 Standard Units for Use in Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Guide for Completing the Certificate of Conformance for Reapplication of the CertificationMark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

V-4-1 Sizes of Angles Required for Staying Segments of Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

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A-44 Guide for Estimating Steaming Capacity Based on Heating Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231A-75-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251A-250.3.2 Maximum Permissible Size of Rounded Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253A-351 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267A-351.1 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-2A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272A-351.2 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-2B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276A-352 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281A-353 Guide for Completing Engineering-Contractor Data Report for a Complete Boiler Unit, Form

P-3A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285A-354 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Partial Data Report, Form P-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288A-354.1 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-4A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291A-354.2 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-4B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293A-355 Guide for Completing Summary Data Report for Process Steam Generators, Form P-5 . . . . . 295A-356 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report for Pressure Relief Valves, Form P-7 . . . . 299A-358 Guide for the Preparation of Manufacturer’s or Assembler’s Certificate of Conformance, Form

P-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302A-359 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report for Locomotive Boilers, Form PL-1 . . . . . . 307A-360 Codes, Standards, and Specifications Referenced in Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308A-370 Guide to Information Appearing on Certificate of Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309B-1 Identification Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

FORMSIII-1A Certificate of Conformance for Reapplication of the Certification Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205P-2 Manufacturer’s Data Report for All Types of Boilers Except Watertube and Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . 265P-2A Manufacturer’s Data Report for All Types of Electric Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269P-2B Manufacturer’s Data Report for Electric Superheaters and Reheaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274P-3 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Watertube Boilers, Superheaters, Waterwalls, and Economizers . . 278P-3A Engineering-Contractor Data Report for a Complete Boiler Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283P-4 Manufacturer’s Partial Data Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286P-4A Manufacturer’s Data Report for Fabricated Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289P-4B Manufacturer’s Data Report for Field Installed Mechanically Assembled Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292P-5 Summary Data Report for Process Steam Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294P-6 Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296P-7 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Pressure Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297P-8 Manufacturer’s or Assembler’s Certificate of Conformance for Pressure Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . 301PL-1 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Locomotive Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

ENDNOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

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ð15ÞLIST OF SECTIONSSECTIONSI Rules for Construction of Power Boilers

II Materials• Part A — Ferrous Material Specifications• Part B — Nonferrous Material Specifications• Part C — Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals• Part D — Properties (Customary)• Part D — Properties (Metric)

III Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility Components• Subsection NCA — General Requirements for Division 1 and Division 2• Appendices• Division 1– Subsection NB — Class 1 Components– Subsection NC — Class 2 Components– Subsection ND — Class 3 Components– Subsection NE — Class MC Components– Subsection NF — Supports– Subsection NG — Core Support Structures– Subsection NH — Class 1 Components in Elevated Temperature Service*

• Division 2 — Code for Concrete Containments• Division 3 — Containments for Transportation and Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High Level RadioactiveMaterial and Waste

• Division 5 — High Temperature Reactors

IV Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers

V Nondestructive Examination

VI Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers

VII Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers

VIII Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels• Division 1• Division 2 — Alternative Rules• Division 3 — Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels

IX Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Qualifications

X Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels

XI Rules for Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components

XII Rules for Construction and Continued Service of Transport Tanks

* The 2015 Edition of Section III is the last edition in which Section III, Division 1, Subsection NH, Class 1 Components in Elevated TemperatureService, will be published. The requirements located within Subsection NH have been moved to Section III, Division 5, Subsection HB, Subpart Bfor the elevated temperature construction of Class A components.

xv

INTERPRETATIONS

Interpretations of the Code have historically been posted in January and July at http://cstools.asme.org/interpreta-tions.cfm. Interpretations issued during the previous two calendar years are included with the publication of the applic-able Section of the Code in the 2015 Edition. Interpretations of Section III, Divisions 1 and 2 and Section III Appendicesare included with Subsection NCA.Following the 2015 Edition, interpretations will not be included in editions; they will be issued in real time in ASME's

Interpretations Database at http://go.asme.org/Interpretations. Historical BPVC interpretations may also be found inthe Database.

CODE CASES

The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code committees meet regularly to consider proposed additions and revisions to theCode and to formulate Cases to clarify the intent of existing requirements or provide, when the need is urgent, rules formaterials or constructions not covered by existing Code rules. Those Cases that have been adopted will appear in theappropriate 2015 Code Cases book: “Boilers and Pressure Vessels” or “Nuclear Components.” Supplements will be sentor made available automatically to the purchasers of the Code Cases books up to the publication of the 2017 Code.

xvi

ð15ÞFOREWORD*

In 1911, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers established the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee to for-mulate standard rules for the construction of steam boilers and other pressure vessels. In 2009, the Boiler and PressureVessel Committee was superseded by the following committees:

(a) Committee on Power Boilers (I)(b) Committee on Materials (II)(c) Committee on Construction of Nuclear Facility Components (III)(d) Committee on Heating Boilers (IV)(e) Committee on Nondestructive Examination (V)(f) Committee on Pressure Vessels (VIII)(g) Committee on Welding, Brazing, and Fusing (IX)(h) Committee on Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels (X)(i) Committee on Nuclear Inservice Inspection (XI)(j) Committee on Transport Tanks (XII)(k) Technical Oversight Management Committee (TOMC)Where reference is made to “the Committee” in this Foreword, each of these committees is included individually and

collectively.The Committee’s function is to establish rules of safety relating only to pressure integrity, which govern the

construction** of boilers, pressure vessels, transport tanks, and nuclear components, and the inservice inspection of nu-clear components and transport tanks. The Committee also interprets these rules when questions arise regarding theirintent. The technical consistency of the Sections of the Code and coordination of standards development activities of theCommittees is supported and guided by the Technical Oversight Management Committee. This Code does not addressother safety issues relating to the construction of boilers, pressure vessels, transport tanks, or nuclear components, orthe inservice inspection of nuclear components or transport tanks. Users of the Code should refer to the pertinent codes,standards, laws, regulations, or other relevant documents for safety issues other than those relating to pressure integ-rity. Except for Sections XI and XII, and with a few other exceptions, the rules do not, of practical necessity, reflect thelikelihood and consequences of deterioration in service related to specific service fluids or external operating environ-ments. In formulating the rules, the Committee considers the needs of users, manufacturers, and inspectors of pressurevessels. The objective of the rules is to afford reasonably certain protection of life and property, and to provide a marginfor deterioration in service to give a reasonably long, safe period of usefulness. Advancements in design and materialsand evidence of experience have been recognized.

This Code contains mandatory requirements, specific prohibitions, and nonmandatory guidance for construction ac-tivities and inservice inspection and testing activities. The Code does not address all aspects of these activities and thoseaspects that are not specifically addressed should not be considered prohibited. The Code is not a handbook and cannotreplace education, experience, and the use of engineering judgment. The phrase engineering judgement refers to tech-nical judgments made by knowledgeable engineers experienced in the application of the Code. Engineering judgmentsmust be consistent with Code philosophy, and such judgments must never be used to overrule mandatory requirementsor specific prohibitions of the Code.

The Committee recognizes that tools and techniques used for design and analysis change as technology progressesand expects engineers to use good judgment in the application of these tools. The designer is responsible for complyingwith Code rules and demonstrating compliance with Code equations when such equations are mandatory. The Codeneither requires nor prohibits the use of computers for the design or analysis of components constructed to the

* The information contained in this Foreword is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordancewith ANSI's requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a con-sensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Code.

** Construction, as used in this Foreword, is an all-inclusive term comprising materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, testing,certification, and pressure relief.

xvii

requirements of the Code. However, designers and engineers using computer programs for design or analysis are cau-tioned that they are responsible for all technical assumptions inherent in the programs they use and the application ofthese programs to their design.The rules established by the Committee are not to be interpreted as approving, recommending, or endorsing any pro-

prietary or specific design, or as limiting in any way the manufacturer's freedom to choose any method of design or anyform of construction that conforms to the Code rules.The Committee meets regularly to consider revisions of the rules, new rules as dictated by technological development,

Code Cases, and requests for interpretations. Only the Committee has the authority to provide official interpretations ofthis Code. Requests for revisions, new rules, Code Cases, or interpretations shall be addressed to the Secretary in writingand shall give full particulars in order to receive consideration and action (see Submittal of Technical Inquiries to theBoiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees). Proposed revisions to the Code resulting from inquiries will be pre-sented to the Committee for appropriate action. The action of the Committee becomes effective only after confirmationby ballot of the Committee and approval by ASME. Proposed revisions to the Code approved by the Committee are sub-mitted to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and published at http://go.asme.org/BPVCPublicReview toinvite comments from all interested persons. After public review and final approval by ASME, revisions are published atregular intervals in Editions of the Code.The Committee does not rule on whether a component shall or shall not be constructed to the provisions of the Code.

The scope of each Section has been established to identify the components and parameters considered by the Committeein formulating the Code rules.Questions or issues regarding compliance of a specific component with the Code rules are to be directed to the ASME

Certificate Holder (Manufacturer). Inquiries concerning the interpretation of the Code are to be directed to the Commit-tee. ASME is to be notified should questions arise concerning improper use of an ASME Certification Mark.When required by context in this Section, the singular shall be interpreted as the plural, and vice versa, and the fem-

inine, masculine, or neuter gender shall be treated as such other gender as appropriate.

xviii

STATEMENT OF POLICY ON THE USE OF THE CERTIFICATIONMARK AND CODE AUTHORIZATION IN ADVERTISING

ASME has established procedures to authorize qualified organizations to perform various activities in accordancewith the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. It is the aim of the Society to provide recognitionof organizations so authorized. An organization holding authorization to perform various activities in accordance withthe requirements of the Code may state this capability in its advertising literature.

Organizations that are authorized to use the Certification Mark for marking items or constructions that have beenconstructed and inspected in compliance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code are issued Certificates ofAuthorization. It is the aim of the Society to maintain the standing of the Certification Mark for the benefit of the users,the enforcement jurisdictions, and the holders of the Certification Mark who comply with all requirements.

Based on these objectives, the following policy has been established on the usage in advertising of facsimiles of theCertification Mark, Certificates of Authorization, and reference to Code construction. The American Society of MechanicalEngineers does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, or activity and there shall be no state-ments or implications that might so indicate. An organization holding the Certification Mark and/or a Certificate ofAuthorization may state in advertising literature that items, constructions, or activities “are built (produced or per-formed) or activities conducted in accordance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,”or “meet the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.”An ASME corporate logo shall not be usedby any organization other than ASME.

The Certification Mark shall be used only for stamping and nameplates as specifically provided in the Code. However,facsimiles may be used for the purpose of fostering the use of such construction. Such usage may be by an association ora society, or by a holder of the Certification Mark who may also use the facsimile in advertising to show that clearly spe-cified items will carry the Certification Mark. General usage is permitted only when all of a manufacturer’s items areconstructed under the rules.

STATEMENT OF POLICY ON THE USE OF ASME MARKING TOIDENTIFY MANUFACTURED ITEMS

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provides rules for the construction of boilers, pressure vessels, and nuclearcomponents. This includes requirements for materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, and stamping. Itemsconstructed in accordance with all of the applicable rules of the Code are identified with the official Certification Markdescribed in the governing Section of the Code.

Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME” or the Certification Mark shall notbe used on any item that is not constructed in accordance with all of the applicable requirements of the Code.

Items shall not be described on ASME Data Report Forms nor on similar forms referring to ASME that tend to implythat all Code requirements have been met when, in fact, they have not been. Data Report Forms covering items not fullycomplying with ASME requirements should not refer to ASME or they should clearly identify all exceptions to the ASMErequirements.

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ð15Þ SUBMITTAL OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES TO THE BOILER ANDPRESSURE VESSEL STANDARDS COMMITTEES

1 INTRODUCTION

(a) The following information provides guidance to Code users for submitting technical inquiries to the committees.See Guideline on the Approval of New Materials Under the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code in Section II, Parts Cand D for additional requirements for requests involving adding new materials to the Code. Technical inquiries includerequests for revisions or additions to the Code rules, requests for Code Cases, and requests for Code Interpretations, asdescribed below.

(1) Code Revisions. Code revisions are considered to accommodate technological developments, address administra-tive requirements, incorporate Code Cases, or to clarify Code intent.

(2) Code Cases. Code Cases represent alternatives or additions to existing Code rules. Code Cases are written as aquestion and reply, and are usually intended to be incorporated into the Code at a later date. When used, Code Casesprescribe mandatory requirements in the same sense as the text of the Code. However, users are cautioned that notall jurisdictions or owners automatically accept Code Cases. The most common applications for Code Cases are:

(-a) to permit early implementation of an approved Code revision based on an urgent need

(-b) to permit the use of a new material for Code construction

(-c) to gain experience with new materials or alternative rules prior to incorporation directly into the Code

(3) Code Interpretations. Code Interpretations provide clarification of the meaning of existing rules in the Code, andare also presented in question and reply format. Interpretations do not introduce new requirements. In cases whereexisting Code text does not fully convey the meaning that was intended, and revision of the rules is required to supportan interpretation, an Intent Interpretation will be issued and the Code will be revised.

(b) The Code rules, Code Cases, and Code Interpretations established by the committees are not to be considered asapproving, recommending, certifying, or endorsing any proprietary or specific design, or as limiting in any way the free-dom of manufacturers, constructors, or owners to choose any method of design or any form of construction that con-forms to the Code rules.

(c) Inquiries that do not comply with these provisions or that do not provide sufficient information for a committee’sfull understanding may result in the request being returned to the inquirer with no action.

2 INQUIRY FORMAT

Submittals to a committee shall include:

(a) Purpose. Specify one of the following:

(1) revision of present Code rules

(2) new or additional Code rules

(3) Code Case

(4) Code Interpretation

(b) Background. Provide the information needed for the committee’s understanding of the inquiry, being sure to in-clude reference to the applicable Code Section, Division, edition, addenda (if applicable), paragraphs, figures, and tables.Preferably, provide a copy of the specific referenced portions of the Code.

(c) Presentations. The inquirer may desire or be asked to attend a meeting of the committee to make a formal presen-tation or to answer questions from the committee members with regard to the inquiry. Attendance at a committee meet-ing shall be at the expense of the inquirer. The inquirer’s attendance or lack of attendance at a meeting shall not be abasis for acceptance or rejection of the inquiry by the committee.

xx

3 CODE REVISIONS OR ADDITIONS

Requests for Code revisions or additions shall provide the following:(a) Proposed Revisions or Additions. For revisions, identify the rules of the Code that require revision and submit a copy

of the appropriate rules as they appear in the Code, marked up with the proposed revision. For additions, provide therecommended wording referenced to the existing Code rules.

(b) Statement of Need. Provide a brief explanation of the need for the revision or addition.(c) Background Information. Provide background information to support the revision or addition, including any data

or changes in technology that form the basis for the request that will allow the committee to adequately evaluate theproposed revision or addition. Sketches, tables, figures, and graphs should be submitted as appropriate. When applic-able, identify any pertinent paragraph in the Code that would be affected by the revision or addition and identify para-graphs in the Code that reference the paragraphs that are to be revised or added.

4 CODE CASES

Requests for Code Cases shall provide a Statement of Need and Background Information similar to that defined in 3(b)and 3(c), respectively, for Code revisions or additions. The urgency of the Code Case (e.g., project underway or imminent,new procedure, etc.) must be defined and it must be confirmed that the request is in connection with equipment that willbear the Certification Mark, with the exception of Section XI applications. The proposed Code Case should identify theCode Section and Division, and be written as a Question and a Reply in the same format as existing Code Cases. Requestsfor Code Cases should also indicate the applicable Code editions and addenda (if applicable) to which the proposed CodeCase applies.

5 CODE INTERPRETATIONS

(a) Requests for Code Interpretations shall provide the following:(1) Inquiry. Provide a condensed and precise question, omitting superfluous background information and, when

possible, composed in such a way that a “yes” or a “no” Reply, with brief provisos if needed, is acceptable. The questionshould be technically and editorially correct.

(2) Reply. Provide a proposed Reply that will clearly and concisely answer the Inquiry question. Preferably, the Replyshould be “yes” or “no,” with brief provisos if needed.

(3) Background Information. Provide any background information that will assist the committee in understandingthe proposed Inquiry and Reply.

(b) Requests for Code Interpretations must be limited to an interpretation of a particular requirement in the Code or aCode Case. The committee cannot consider consulting type requests such as the following:

(1) a review of calculations, design drawings, welding qualifications, or descriptions of equipment or parts to de-termine compliance with Code requirements;

(2) a request for assistance in performing any Code-prescribed functions relating to, but not limited to, materialselection, designs, calculations, fabrication, inspection, pressure testing, or installation;

(3) a request seeking the rationale for Code requirements.

6 SUBMITTALS

Submittals to and responses from the committees shall meet the following:(a) Submittal. Inquiries from Code users shall be in English and preferably be submitted in typewritten form; however,

legible handwritten inquiries will also be considered. They shall include the name, address, telephone number, fax num-ber, and e-mail address, if available, of the inquirer and be mailed to the following address:

SecretaryASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel CommitteeTwo Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5990As an alternative, inquiries may be submitted via e-mail to: [email protected] or via our online tool at

http://go.asme.org/InterpretationRequest.(b) Response. The Secretary of the appropriate committee shall acknowledge receipt of each properly prepared in-

quiry and shall provide a written response to the inquirer upon completion of the requested action by the committee.

xxi

ð15Þ PERSONNELASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees,

Subgroups, and Working GroupsJanuary 1, 2015

TECHNICAL OVERSIGHT MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE (TOMC)

T. P. Pastor, ChairR. W. Barnes, Vice ChairJ. S. Brzuszkiewicz, Staff SecretaryR. J. BasileJ. E. BateyT. L. BedeauxD. L. BergerD. A. CanonicoA. ChaudouetD. B. DeMichaelR. P. DeublerP. D. EdwardsJ. G. FeldsteinR. E. GimpleM. GoldT. E. HansenG. W. Hembree

J. F. HenryR. S. Hill IIIG. G. KarcherW. M. LundyJ. R. MacKayW. E. NorrisG. C. ParkM. D. RanaR. F. Reedy, Sr.B. W. RobertsS. C. RobertsF. J. Schaaf, Jr.A. SelzB. F. ShelleyW. J. SperkoR. W. SwayneC. Withers

HONORARY MEMBERS (MAIN COMMITTEE)

F. P. BartonR. J. CepluchT. M. CullenW. D. DotyG. E. FeigelO. F. HeddenM. H. Jawad

A. J. JustinW. G. KnechtJ. LeCoffT. G. McCartyG. C. MillmanR. A. MoenR. F. Reedy, Sr.

ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE

T. P. Pastor, ChairR. W. Barnes, Vice ChairJ. S. Brzuszkiewicz, Staff SecretaryR. J. BasileJ. E. BateyT. L. BedeauxD. L. Berger

J. F. Henry

R. S. Hill III

G. C. Park

M. D. Rana

B. F. Shelley

W. J. Sperko

MARINE CONFERENCE GROUP

J. G. Hungerbuhler, Jr.G. Nair

N. ProkopukJ. D. Reynolds

CONFERENCE COMMITTEE

D. A. Douin — Ohio, SecretaryM. J. Adams — Ontario, CanadaJ. T. Amato — MinnesotaB. P. Anthony — Rhode IslandR. D. Austin — ArizonaR. J. Brockman — MissouriM. A. Burns — FloridaJ. H. Burpee — MaineC. B. Cantrell — NebraskaD. C. Cook — CaliforniaB. J. Crawford — GeorgiaE. L. Creaser — New Brunswick,Canada

J. J. Dacanay — HawaiiC. Dautrich — North DakotaP. L. Dodge— Nova Scotia, CanadaD. Eastman — Newfoundland andLabrador, Canada

J. J. Esch — DelawareC. Fulton — AlaskaR. J. Handy — KentuckyD. R. Hannon — ArkansasE. S. Kawa — MassachusettsJ. C. Klug — WisconsinM. Kotb — Quebec, CanadaT. C. Hellman — OklahomaE. G. Hilton — VirginiaD. T. Jagger — OhioK. J. Kraft — MarylandL. C. Leet — WashingtonA. M. Lorimor — South DakotaM. Mailman — NorthwestTerritories, Canada

D. E. Mallory — New HampshireW. McGivney — New YorkU. Merkle — IowaM. S. Moore — MichiganS. V. Nelson — ColoradoC. C. Novak — IllinoisT. Oda — WashingtonR. P. Pate — AlabamaM. K. Perdue — OregonM. Poehlmann — Alberta, CanadaJ. F. Porcella — West VirginiaA. Pratt — ConnecticutC. F. Reyes — CaliforniaM. J. Ryan — IllinoisM. H. Sansone — New YorkT. S. Scholl — British Columbia,Canada

G. L. Schultz — NevadaT. S. Seine — North DakotaC. S. Selinger — Saskatchewan,Canada

D. Slater — Manitoba, CanadaN. Smith — PennsylvaniaR. Spiker — North CarolinaR. K. Sturm — UtahS. R. Townsend — Prince EdwardIsland, Canada

R. D. Troutt — TexasM. J. Verhagen — WisconsinM. Washington — New JerseyK. L. Watson — MississippiC. J. Wilson III — Kansas

INTERNATIONAL INTEREST REVIEW GROUP

V. FelixY.-G. KimS. H. LeongW. LinO. F. Manafa

C. MinuT. S. G. NarayannenY.-W. ParkR. ReynagaP. Williamson

xxii

COMMITTEE ON POWER BOILERS (BPV I)

D. L. Berger, ChairR. E. McLaughlin, Vice ChairU. D'Urso, Staff SecretaryJ. L. ArnoldS. W. CameronD. A. CanonicoK. K. ColemanP. D. EdwardsP. FalloueyJ. G. FeldsteinG. W. GalanesT. E. HansenJ. F. HenryJ. S. HunterW. L. LowryF. Massi

L. MoedingerP. A. MolvieY. OishiE. M. OrtmanJ. T. PillowB. W. RobertsJ. M. TanzoshD. TompkinsD. E. TuttleJ. VattappillyR. V. WielgoszinskiY. Li, DelegateH. Michael, DelegateD. N. French, Honorary MemberT. C. McGough, Honorary MemberR. L. Williams, Honorary Member

Subgroup on Design (BPV I)

J. Vattappilly, ChairD. I. Anderson, SecretaryD. DeweesP. DhorajiaH. A. Fonzi, Jr.J. P. GlaspieG. B. Komora

P. A. Molvie

D. A. Olson

S. V. Torkildson

M. Wadkinson

C. F. Jeerings, Contributing Member

J. C. Light, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Fabrication and Examination (BPV I)

J. T. Pillow, ChairJ. L. Arnold, SecretaryP. BeckerD. L. BergerS. W. CameronS. FincherG. W. GalanesP. F. Gilston

J. Hainsworth

T. E. Hansen

C. T. McDaris

R. E. McLaughlin

R. J. Newell

Y. Oishi

R. V. Wielgoszinski

Subgroup on General Requirements and Piping (BPV I)

T. E. Hansen, ChairE. M. Ortman, Vice ChairF. Massi, SecretaryP. BeckerD. L. BergerP. D. EdwardsG. W. GalanesW. L. LowryR. E. McLaughlin

B. MollitorJ. T. PillowD. TompkinsS. V. TorkildsonD. E. TuttleM. WadkinsonR. V. WielgoszinskiC. F. Jeerings, Contributing MemberR. Uebel, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Heat Recovery Steam Generators (BPV I)

S. V. Torkildson, ChairJ. L. ArnoldJ. P. BellB. G. CarsonJ. GertzT. E. Hansen

G. B. KomoraC. T. McDarisY. OishiE. M. OrtmanD. TompkinsB. C. Turczynski

Subgroup on Locomotive Boilers (BPV I)

L. Moedinger, ChairS. M. Butler, SecretaryP. BoschanJ. BraunR. C. Franzen, Jr.D. W. GrinerS. D. JacksonM. A. Janssen

S. A. Lee

G. M. Ray

J. E. Rimmasch

R. B. Stone

M. W. Westland

R. Yuill

R. D. Reetz, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Materials (BPV I)

G. W. Galanes, ChairK. K. Coleman, Vice ChairJ. S. Hunter, SecretaryS. H. BowesD. A. CanonicoP. FalloueyK. L. HayesJ. F. Henry

M. Lewis

O. X. Li

F. Masuyama

D. W. Rahoi

B. W. Roberts

J. M. Tanzosh

J. Vattappilly

Subgroup on Solar Boilers (BPV I)

J. S. Hunter, ChairS. V. Torkildson, SecretaryG. W. GalanesR. E. HearneP. Jennings

D. J. KozaF. MassiE. M. OrtmanM. J. SlaterJ. C. Light, Contributing Member

India International Working Group (BPV I)

H. DalalI. KalyanasundaramS. MathurA. J. PatilA. R. PatilG. V. S. Rao

U. Revisanakaran

N. Satheesan

G. U. Shanker

D. Shrivastava

S. Venkataramana

Task Group on Modernization of BPVC Section I

D. I. Anderson, ChairU. D’Urso, Staff SecretaryJ. L. ArnoldS. W. CameronD. DeweesG. W. GalanesJ. P. GlaspieT. E. Hansen

J. F. HenryR. E. McLaughlinP. A. MolvieE. M. OrtmanJ. T. PillowB. W. RobertsD. E. TuttleJ. Vattappilly

xxiii

COMMITTEE ON MATERIALS (BPV II)

J. F. Henry, ChairD. W. Rahoi, Vice ChairN. Lobo, Staff SecretaryF. AbeA. AppletonJ. CameronD. A. CanonicoA. ChaudouetP. FalloueyJ. R. FouldsD. W. GandyM. H. GilkeyM. GoldJ. F. GrubbJ. A. HallK. M. HottleM. KatcherO. X. LiF. MasuyamaR. K. NanstadB. W. Roberts

E. ShapiroM. J. SlaterR. C. SutherlinR. W. SwindemanJ. M. TanzoshD. TylerO. Oldani, DelegateH. D. Bushfield, ContributingMember

M. L. Nayyar, Contributing MemberE. G. Nisbett, Contributing MemberE. Upitis, Contributing MemberT. M. Cullen, Honorary MemberW. D. Doty, Honorary MemberW. D. Edsall, Honorary MemberG. C. Hsu, Honorary MemberR. A. Moen, Honorary MemberC. E. Spaeder, Jr., HonoraryMember

A. W. Zeuthen, Honorary Member

Executive Committee (BPV II)

J. F. Henry, ChairD. W. Rahoi, Vice ChairN. Lobo, Staff SecretaryA. AppletonA. ChaudouetJ. R. FouldsM. Gold

J. F. Grubb

R. W. Mikitka

B. W. Roberts

R. C. Sutherlin

R. W. Swindeman

J. M. Tanosh

Subgroup on External Pressure (BPV II)

R. W. Mikitka, ChairD. L. Kurle, Vice ChairJ. A. A. Morrow, SecretaryL. F. CampbellH. ChenD. S. GriffinJ. F. Grubb

J. R. Harris IIIM. H. JawadC. R. ThomasM. WadkinsonM. Katcher, Contributing MemberC. H. Sturgeon, ContributingMember

Subgroup on Ferrous Specifications (BPV II)

A. Appleton, ChairK. M. Hottle, Vice ChairP. Wittenbach, SecretaryH. ChenB. M. DingmanM. J. DosdourianP. FalloueyJ. D. FritzT. GrahamJ. M. GrockiJ. F. GrubbC. Hyde

D. S. Janikowski

L. J. Lavezzi

S. G. Lee

W. C. Mack

A. S. Melilli

K. E. Orie

J. Shick

E. Upitis

J. D. Wilson

R. Zawierucha

E. G. Nisbett, Contributing Member

Subgroup on International Material Specifications (BPV II)

A. Chaudouet, ChairO. X. Li, Vice ChairT. F. Miskell, SecretaryS. W. CameronD. A. CanonicoH. ChenP. FalloueyA. F. GarbolevskyD. O. Henry

M. Ishikawa

W. M. Lundy

A. R. Nywening

E. Upitis

F. Zeller

D. Kwon, Delegate

O. Oldani, Delegate

H. Lorenz, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Nonferrous Alloys (BPV II)

R. C. Sutherlin, ChairM. H. Gilkey, Vice ChairH. AnadaJ. CallandD. B. DenisJ. F. GrubbA. HeinoM. KatcherJ. A. McMasterL. Paul

D. W. RahoiW. RenE. ShapiroM. H. SkillingbergD. TylerJ. WeritzR. WrightR. ZawieruchaW. R. Apblett, Jr., ContributingMember

Subgroup on Physical Properties (BPV II)

J. F. Grubb, ChairH. D. BushfieldD. B. Denis

P. FalloueyE. Shapiro

Subgroup on Strength, Ferrous Alloys (BPV II)

J. M. Tanzosh, ChairM. J. Slater, SecretaryF. AbeH. AnadaD. A. CanonicoA. Di RienzoP. FalloueyJ. R. FouldsM. GoldJ. A. HallJ. F. HenryK. Kimura

S. W. KnowlesF. MasuyamaC. PearceD. W. RahoiB. W. RobertsM. S. SheltonJ. P. ShingledeckerR. W. SwindemanW. R. Apblett, Jr., ContributingMember

H. Murakami, ContributingMember

Subgroup on Strength of Weldments (BPV II & BPV IX)

W. F. Newell, Jr., ChairS. H. BowesK. K. ColemanP. D. FlennerJ. R. FouldsD. W. GandyM. GoldK. L. Hayes

J. F. HenryJ. PensoD. W. RahoiB. W. RobertsJ. P. ShingledeckerW. J. SperkoJ. P. Swezy, Jr.J. M. Tanzosh

Working Group on Materials Database (BPV II)

R. W. Swindeman, ChairN. Lobo, Staff SecretaryF. AbeJ. R. FouldsJ. F. HenryM. KatcherB. W. Roberts

R. C. SutherlinD. Andrei, Contributing MemberJ. L. Arnold, Contributing MemberW. Hoffelner, Contributing MemberT. Lazar, Contributing MemberD. T. Peters, Contributing MemberW. Ren, Contributing Member

xxiv

Working Group on Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels (BPV II)

J. F. Henry, ChairF. AbeS. H. BowesD. A. CanonicoK. K. ColemanG. CuminoP. D. FlennerJ. R. FouldsD. W. Gandy

M. Gold

F. Masuyama

W. F. Newell, Jr.

B. W. Roberts

W. J. Sperko

R. W. Swindeman

J. M. Tanzosh

R. G. Young

Working Group on Data Analysis (BPV II)

J. R. Foulds, ChairF. AbeM. GoldJ. F. GrubbJ. F. HenryM. Katcher

F. MasuyamaW. RenB. W. RobertsM. SubanovicM. J. SwindemanR. W. Swindeman

China International Working Group (BPV II)

B. Shou, ChairYong Zhang, Vice ChairX. Tong, SecretaryW. FangQ. C. FengS. HuoH. LiJ. LiS. LiZ. RongcanS. TanC. Wang

X. Wang

F. Yang

G. Yang

R. Ye

L. Yin

H. Zhang

X.-H. Zhang

Yingkai Zhang

Q. Zhao

S. Zhao

J. Zou

COMMITTEE ON CONSTRUCTION OF NUCLEAR FACILITYCOMPONENTS (BPV III)

R. S. Hill III, ChairR. B. Keating, Vice ChairJ. C. Minichiello, Vice ChairA. Byk, Staff SecretaryT. M. AdamsA. AppletonR. W. BarnesW. H. BorterC. W. BrunyT. D. BurchellJ. R. ColeR. P. DeublerA. C. EberhardtB. A. ErlerG. M. FosterW. HoffelnerR. M. JesseeR. I. JetterC. C. KimG. H. KooV. KostarevK. A. ManolyD. E. Matthews

R. P. McIntyreM. N. MitchellM. MorishitaD. K. MortonT. NagataR. F. Reedy, Sr.I. SaitoC. T. SmithW. K. Sowder, Jr.W. J. SperkoK. R. WichmanC. S. WithersY. H. Choi, DelegateT. Ius, DelegateH.-T. Wang, DelegateM. Zhou, Contributing MemberE. B. Branch, Honorary MemberG. D. Cooper, Honorary MemberW. D. Doty, Honorary MemberD. F. Landers, Honorary MemberR. A. Moen, Honorary MemberC. J. Pieper, Honorary Member

Subcommittee on Design (BPV III)

R. P. Deubler, ChairD. E. Matthews, Vice ChairG. L. Hollinger, SecretaryT. M. AdamsG. A. AntakiR. L. BrattonC. W. BrunyP. R. DonavinR. S. Hill IIIP. HirschbergM. H. JawadR. I. Jetter

R. B. Keating

R. A. Ladefian

K. A. Manoly

R. J. Masterson

M. N. Mitchell

W. J. O’Donnell, Sr.E. L. Pleins

T.-L. Sham

J. P. Tucker

K. Wright

J. Yang

Subgroup on Component Design (SC-D) (BPV III)

T. M. Adams, ChairR. B. Keating, Vice ChairS. Pellet, SecretaryG. A. AntakiS. AsadaJ. F. BallJ. R. ColeR. P. DeublerP. HirschbergH. KobayashiR. A. LadefianK. A. ManolyR. J. MastersonD. E. MatthewsJ. C. MinichielloD. K. Morton

T. M. MustoT. NagataA. N. NguyenE. L. PleinsI. SaitoG. C. SlagisJ. R. StinsonG. Z. TokarskiJ. P. TuckerP. VockK. R. WichmanC. WilsonJ. YangC. W. Bruny, Contributing MemberA. A. Dermenjian, ContributingMember

Working Group on Core Support Structures (SG-CD) (BPV III)

J. Yang, ChairJ. F. Kielb, SecretaryL. C. HartlessD. KeckT. LiszkaiH. S. Mehta

M. Nakajima

M. D. Snyder

A. Tsirigotis

R. Vollmer

J. T. Land, Contributing Member

Working Group on Design of Division 3 Containments(SG-CD) (BPV III)

D. K. Morton, ChairD. J. AmmermanG. BjorkmanG. BrozS. HorowitzD. W. LewisJ. C. Minichiello

E. L. Pleins

C. J. Temus

I. D. McInnes, Contributing Member

R. E. Nickell, Contributing Member

H. P. Shrivastava, ContributingMember

Working Group on HDPE Design of Components (SG-CD) (BPV III)

T. M. Musto, ChairJ. Ossmann, SecretaryT. M. AdamsT. A. BaconC. BasavarajuD. BurwellS. Choi

P. KrishnaswamyM. MartinJ. C. MinichielloD. P. MunsonF. J. Schaaf, Jr.R. StakenborghsH. E. Svetlik

xxv

Working Group on Piping (SG-CD) (BPV III)

G. A. Antaki, ChairG. Z. Tokarski, SecretaryT. M. AdamsT. A. BaconC. BasavarajuJ. CatalanoF. ClaeysJ. R. ColeC. M. FaidyR. G. GiladaN. M. GrahamM. A. GrayR. W. HauptA. HiranoP. HirschbergM. KassarJ. Kawahata

R. B. KeatingV. KostarevY. LiuJ. F. McCabeJ. C. MinichielloI.-K. NamA. N. NguyenM. S. SillsG. C. SlagisN. C. SutherlandE. A. WaisC.-I. WuJ. J. Martinez, Contributing MemberN. J. Shah, Contributing MemberE. C. Rodabaugh, HonoraryMember

Working Group on Pressure Relief (SG-CD) (BPV III)

J. F. Ball, ChairA. L. Szeglin

D. G. Thibault

Working Group on Pumps (SG-CD) (BPV III)

R. A. Ladefian, ChairP. W. BehnkeR. E. Cornman, Jr.M. D. EftychiouA. FraserM. A. GaydonR. Ghanbari

M. Higuchi

S. Mauvais

R. A. Patrick

J. Sulley

R. Udo

A. G. Washburn

Working Group on Supports (SG-CD) (BPV III)

J. R. Stinson, ChairU. S. Bandyopadhyay, SecretaryK. AvrithiT. H. BakerF. J. BirchR. P. DeublerN. M. GrahamR. J. Masterson

S. PelletI. SaitoH. P. ShrivastavaC. StirzelT. G. TerryahG. Z. TokarskiP. WisemanC.-I. Wu

Working Group on Valves (SG-CD) (BPV III)

P. Vock, ChairJ. O'Callaghan, SecretaryM. C. BuckleyG. A. JollyJ. KleinT. A. McMahon

C. A. MizerK. E. Reid IIH. R. SondereggerJ. SullyI. TsengJ. P. Tucker

Working Group on Vessels (SG-CD) (BPV III)

D. E. Matthews, ChairR. M. Wilson, SecretaryC. BasavarajuJ. V. Gregg, Jr.W. J. HeilkerA. KalninsR. B. KeatingD. KeckJ. KimO.-S. Kim

K. Matsunaga

M. C. Scott

P. K. Shah

J. Shupert

C. Turylo

D. Vlaicu

W. F. Weitze

T. Yamazaki

R. Z. Ziegler

Subgroup on Design Methods (SC-D) (BPV III)

C. W. Bruny, ChairS. McKillop, SecretaryK. AvrithiW. CulpP. R. Donavin, Jr.J. V. Gregg, Jr.H. T. Harrison IIIK. HsuM. Kassar

D. KeckM. N. MitchellW. J. O’Donnell, Sr.P. J. O’ReganW. D. ReinhardtP. SmithS. D. SnowW. F. WeitzeK. Wright

Working Group on Design Methodology (SG-DM) (BPV III)

S. D. Snow, ChairM. R. Breach, SecretaryK. AvrithiC. BasavarajuR. D. BlevinsD. L. CaldwellD. DeweesC. M. FaidyH. T. Harrison IIIP. HirschbergM. KassarR. B. KeatingJ. KimH. Kobayashi

T. LiszkaiJ. F. McCabeA. N. NguyenW. D. ReinhardtD. H. RoartyP. K. ShahR. VollmerS. WangT. M. WigerK. WrightJ. YangM. K. Au-Yang, ContributingMember

Working Group on Environmental Effects (SG-DM) (BPV III)

W. Culp, ChairB. D. Frew, SecretaryK. AvrithiP. J. DobsonW. J. Heilker

C. JonkerJ. E. NestellT. SchrieferM. S. SheltonY. H. Choi, Delegate

Working Group on Environmental Fatigue Evaluation Methods(SG-DM) (BPV III)

K. Wright, ChairM. A. Gray, Vice ChairW. F. Weitze, SecretaryT. M. AdamsS. AsadaK. AvrithiR. C. CipollaJ. R. ColeT. M. DamianiC. M. Faidy

T. D. GilmanS. R. GosselinY. HeP. HirschbergH. S. MehtaJ.-S. ParkD. H. RoartyI. SaitoD. VlaicuR. Z. Ziegler

Working Group on Fatigue Strength (SG-DM) (BPV III)

P. R. Donavin, ChairT. M. DamianiD. DeweesC. M. FaidyS. R. GosselinR. J. GurdalC. F. Heberling IIC. E. HinnantP. HirschbergK. HsuS. H. KleinsmithS. Majumdar

S. N. Malik

D. H. Roarty

M. S. Shelton

G. Taxacher

A. Tsirigotis

K. Wright

H. H. Ziada

G. S. Chakrabarti, ContributingMember

W. J. O'Donnell, Sr., ContributingMember

xxvi

Working Group on Graphite and Composites Design(SG-DM) (BPV III)

M. N. Mitchell, ChairM. W. Davies, Vice ChairC. A. Sanna, Staff SecretaryT. D. Burchell, SecretaryA. AppletonR. L. BrattonS. CadellS.-H. ChiA. CovacS. W. Doms

S. F. Duffy

S. T. Gonczy

Y. Katoh

J. Ossmann

M. Roemmler

N. Salstrom

T. Shibata

S. Yu

G. L. Zeng

Working Group on Probabilistic Methods in Design(SG-DM) (BPV III)

P. J. O'Regan, ChairM. Golliet, SecretaryT. AsayamaK. AvrithiM. R. Graybeal

D. O. HenryR. S. Hill IIIM. MorishitaN. A. PalmI. Saito

Special Working Group on Computational Modeling for ExplicitDynamics (SG-DM) (BPV III)

G. Bjorkman, ChairD. J. Ammerman, SecretaryM. R. BreachG. BrozJ. JordanD. MolitorisJ. Piotter

W. D. Reinhardt

P. Y.-K. Shih

S. D. Snow

C.-F. Tso

M. C. Yaksh

U. Zencker

Subgroup on Elevated Temperature Design (SC-D) (BPV III)

T.-L. Sham, ChairT. AsayamaC. Becht IVF. W. BrustP. CarterJ. F. CervenkaB. F. HantzW. HoffelnerA. B. HullM. H. JawadR. I. Jetter

G. H. Koo

M. Li

S. Majumdar

J. E. Nestell

W. J. O'Donnell, Sr.

R. W. Swindeman

D. S. Griffin, Contributing Member

W. J. Koves, Contributing Member

D. L. Marriott, ContributingMember

Working Group on Allowable Stress Criteria (SG-ETD) (BPV III)

R. W. Swindeman, ChairR. Wright, SecretaryJ. R. FouldsK. KimuraM. LiS. N. Malik

J. E. Nestell

W. Ren

B. W. Roberts

M. Sengupta

T.-I. Sham

Working Group on Analysis Methods (SG-ETD) (BPV III)

P. Carter, ChairM. J. Swindeman, SecretaryM. AndoM. R. Breach

R. I. JetterS. KrishnamurthyT.-I. ShamD. K. Williams

Working Group on Creep-Fatigue and Negligible Creep (SG-ETD)(BPV III)

T. Asayama, ChairM. Li, SecretaryF. W. BrustP. CarterR. I. Jetter

G. H. KooB.-L. LyowS. N. MalikH. QianT.-I. Sham

Working Group on Elevated Temperature Construction (SG-ETD)(BPV III)

M. H. Jawad, ChairB. Mollitor, SecretaryD. I. AndersonR. G. BrownD. DeweesJ. P. GlaspieB. F. Hantz

G. L. HollingerR. I. JetterS. KrishnamurthyA. MannD. L. MarriottM. N. MitchellC. Nadarajah

Working Group on High Temperature Flaw Evaluation (SG-ETD)(BPV III)

F. W. Brust, ChairN. BroomP. CarterW. HoffelnerS. N. Malik

D. L. RudlandP. J. RushD.-J. ShimS. X. Xu

Subgroup on General Requirements (BPV III)

R. P. McIntyre, ChairL. M. Plante, SecretaryV. ApostolescuA. AppletonS. BellJ. R. BerryB. K. BoboJ. DeKleineJ. V. GardinerG. GrattiJ. W. HighlandsG. V. ImbroK. A. Kavanagh

Y.-S. KimM. R. MinickE. C. RenaudD. J. RoszmanC. T. SmithW. K. Sowder, Jr.G. E. SzabaturaT. G. TerryahD. M. VickeryC. S. WithersH. Michael, DelegateG. L. Hollinger, ContributingMember

Working Group on Duties and Responsibilities (SG-GR) (BPV III)

J. V. Gardiner, ChairG. L. Hollinger, SecretaryS. BellJ. R. BerryJ. DeKleineN. DeSantisY. Diaz-CastilloE. L. Farrow

G. Gratti

B. N. Juarez

K. A. Kavanagh

J. M. Lyons

L. M. Plante

D. J. Roszman

T. G. Terryah

xxvii

Working Group on Quality Assurance, Certification, and Stamping(SG-GR) (BPV III)

C. T. Smith, ChairC. S. Withers, SecretaryV. ApostolescuA. AppletonB. K. BoboS. M. GoodwinJ. GrimmJ. W. HighlandsY.-S. KimB. McGloneR. P. McIntyre

M. R. Minick

R. B. Patel

E. C. Renaud

T. Rezk

J. Rogers

W. K. Sowder, Jr.

J. F. Strunk

G. E. Szabatura

D. M. Vickery

C. A. Spletter, Contributing Member

Special Working Group on General Requirements Consolidation(SG-GR) (BPV III)

J. V. Gardiner, ChairC. T. Smith, Vice ChairS. BellM. CusickY. Diaz-CastilloJ. GrimmJ. M. LyonsM. McGloneR. PatelE. C. Renaud

T. RezkJ. RogersD. J. RoszmanB. S. SandhuG. J. SoloveyR. SpuhlG. E. SzabaturaC. S. WithersS. F. Harrison, ContributingMember

Subgroup on Materials, Fabrication, and Examination (BPV III)

R. M. Jessee, ChairB. D. Frew, Vice ChairS. Hunter, SecretaryW. H. BorterT. D. BurchellG. R. CannellR. H. DavisG. M. FosterG. B. GeorgievS. E. GingrichM. GollietJ. GrimmJ. Johnston, Jr.C. C. KimM. Lashley

T. MelfiH. MurakamiJ. OssmannJ. E. O’SullivanC. PearceN. M. SimpsonW. J. SperkoJ. R. StinsonJ. F. StrunkK. B. StuckeyR. WrightS. YeeH. Michael, DelegateR. W. Barnes, Contributing Member

Working Group on Graphite and Composite Materials (SG-MFE)(BPV III)

T. D. Burchell, ChairA. AppletonR. L. BrattonS. CadellS.-H. ChiA. CovacM. W. DaviesS. W. DomsS. F. DuffyS. T. Gonzcy

M. G. Jenkins

Y. Katoh

M. N. Mitchell

J. Ossmann

M. Roemmler

N. Salstrom

T. Shibata

S. Yu

G. L. Zeng

Working Group on HDPE Materials (SG-MFE) (BPV III)

M. Golliet, ChairM. A. Martin, SecretaryW. H. BorterM. C. BuckleyE. M. FochtB. HaugerJ. Johnston, Jr.P. Krishnaswamy

E. W. McElroyT. M. MustoS. PattersonS. SchuesslerR. StakenborghsT. TiptonM. TroughtonZ. J. Zhou

Joint ACI-ASME Committee on Concrete Components for NuclearService (BPV III)

A. C. Eberhardt, ChairC. T. Smith, Vice ChairA. Byk, Staff SecretaryJ. F. ArtusoC. J. BangF. FarzamP. S. GhosalB. D. HovisT. C. InmanO. JovallN.-H. LeeJ. McLeanJ. MunshiN. OrbovicJ. F. Strunk

T. TonyanT. J. Ahl, Contributing MemberN. Alchaar, Contributing MemberB. A. Erler, Contributing MemberJ. Gutierrez, Contributing MemberM. F. Hessheimer, ContributingMember

T. E. Johnson, ContributingMember

T. Muraki, Contributing MemberB. B. Scott, Contributing MemberM. R. Senecal, ContributingMember

M. K. Thumm, ContributingMember

Working Group on Design (BPV III-2)

J. Munshi, ChairN. AlchaarM. AllamS. BaeL. J. ColarussoA. C. EberhardtF. FarzamP. S. GhosalB. D. HovisT. C. InmanO. JovallN.-H. Lee

M. Diaz, Contributing Member

S. Diaz, Contributing Member

M. F. Hessheimer, ContributingMember

A. Istar, Contributing Member

T. E. Johnson, ContributingMember

B. R. Laskewitz, ContributingMember

Z. Shang, Contributing Member

M. Sircar, Contributing Member

Working Group on Materials, Fabrication, and Examination(BPV III-2)

P. S. Ghosal, ChairT. Tonyan, Vice ChairM. AllamJ. F. ArtusoJ.-B. DomageA. C. EberhardtC. Jones

C. T. Smith

J. F. Strunk

D. Ufuk

J. Gutierrez, Contributing Member

B. B. Scott, Contributing Member

Z. Shang, Contributing Member

Special Working Group on Modernization (BPV III-2)

J. McLean, ChairN. Orbovic, Vice ChairA. AdediranN. AlchaarO. JovallC. T. Smith

M. A. Ugalde

S. Wang

S. Diaz, Contributing Member

J.-B. Domage, Contributing Member

U. Ricklefs, Contributing Member

xxviii

Subgroup on Containment Systems for Spent Fuel and High-LevelWaste Transport Packagings (BPV III)

D. K. Morton, ChairG. M. Foster, Vice ChairG. R. Cannell, SecretaryG. AbramczykD. J. AmmermanG. BjorkmanS. HorowitzD. W. LewisP. E. McConnellR. E. NickellE. L. Pleins

R. H. Smith

G. J. Solovey

C. J. Temus

W. H. Borter, Contributing Member

R. S. Hill III, Contributing Member

A. B. Meichler, ContributingMember

T. Saegusa, Contributing Member

N. M. Simpson, ContributingMember

Subgroup on Fusion Energy Devices (BPV III)

W. K. Sowder, Jr., ChairD. Andrei, Staff SecretaryD. J. Roszman, SecretaryR. W. BarnesB. R. DoshiM. HiguchiG. HoltmeierM. KalseyK. A. KavanaghH. J. KimK. Kim

I. KimihiroS. LeeG. LiX. LiP. MokariaT. R. MuldoonM. PortonY. SongM. TrosenC. WaldonI. J. Zatz

Working Group on General Requirements (BPV III-4)

W. K. Sowder, Jr., Chair

Working Group on In-Vessel Components (BPV III-4)

M. Kalsey, Chair

Working Group on Magnets (BPV III-4)

K. Kim, Chair

Working Group on Materials (BPV III-4)

M. Porton, Chair

Working Group on Vacuum Vessels (BPV III-4)

I. Kimihiro, Chair B. R. Doshi

Subgroup on High Temperature Reactors (BPV III)

M. Morishita, ChairR. I. Jetter, Vice ChairT.-L. Sham, SecretaryN. BroomT. D. BurchellW. Hoffelner

G.-H. KooD. K. MortonJ. E. NestellN. N. RayX. Li, Contributing MemberL. Shi, Contributing Member

Working Group on High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors(BPV III-5)

J. E. Nestell, ChairM. Sengupta, SecretaryN. BroomT. D. BurchellR. S. Hill IIIE. V. ImbroR. I. JetterY. W. Kim

T. R. Lupold

S. N. Malik

D. L. Marriott

D. K. Morton

T.-L. Sham

X. Li, Contributing Member

L. Shi, Contributing Member

Working Group on High Temperature Liquid-Cooled Reactors(BPV III-5)

T.-L. Sham, ChairT. Asayama, SecretaryM. ArcaroR. W. BarnesP. CarterM. E. CohenA. B. HullR. I. Jetter

G. H. Koo

M. Li

S. Majumdar

M. Morishita

J. E. Nestell

X. Li, Contributing Member

G. Wu, Contributing Member

Executive Committee (BPV III)

R. S. Hill III, ChairA. Byk, Staff SecretaryT. M. AdamsC. W. BrunyR. P. DeublerA. C. EberhardtR. M. JesseeR. B. Keating

R. P. McIntyre

J. C. Minichiello

M. Morishita

D. K. Morton

C. A. Sanna

T.-L. Sham

W. K. Sowder, Jr.

China International Working Group (BPV III)

J. Yan, ChairW. Tang, Vice ChairC. A. Sanna, Staff SecretaryY. He, SecretaryH. GeZ. HanJ. JianY. JingF. KaiD. KangX. LiY. LiB. LiangH. LinS. LinJ. LiuS. LiuW. LiuK. MaoW. Pei

G. SunG. TangY. TuY. WangH. WuX. WuZ. WuS. XueZ. YanC. YeZ. YinS. ZaozhanG. ZhangK. ZhangW. ZhangG. ZhaoW. ZhaoY. ZhongZ. ZhongG. Zhu

xxix

Germany International Working Group (BPV III)

C. Huttner, ChairH.-R. Bath, SecretaryB. ArndtM. BauerG. DaumL. GerstnerG. HaenleK.-H. HerterU. JendrichG. KramarzC. KrumbW. MayingerD. Moehring

D. OstermannG. RoosJ. RudolphC. A. SannaH. SchauC. A. SpletterR. TrieglaffP. VöllmeckeJ. WendtF. WilleM. WinterN. Wirtz

India International Working Group (BPV III)

B. Basu, ChairG. Mathivanan, Vice ChairC. A. Sanna, Staff SecretaryS. B. Parkash, SecretaryV. BhasinP. ChellapandiS. Jalaldeen

D. Kulkarni

S. A. Kumar De

N. M. Nadaph

M. Ponnusamy

R. N. Sen

A. Sundararajan

Korea International Working Group (BPV III)

G. H. Koo, ChairS. S. Hwang, Vice ChairO.-S. Kim, SecretaryH. S. ByunS. ChoiJ.-Y. HongN.-S. HuhJ.-K. HwangC. JangI. I. JeongH. J. KimJ. KimJ.-S. KimK. KimY.-B. KimY.-S. Kim

D. KwonB. LeeD. LeeSanghoon LeeSangil LeeD. J. LimH. LimI.-K. NamB. NohC.-K. OhC. ParkJ.-S. ParkT. ShinS. SongO. Yoo

Special Working Group on Editing and Review (BPV III)

D. K. Morton, ChairR. L. BrattonR. P. DeublerA. C. EberhardtR. I. Jetter

J. C. MinichielloL. M. PlanteR. F. Reedy, Sr.W. K. Sowder, Jr.C. Wilson

Special Working Group on HDPE Stakeholders (BPV III)

D. Burwell, ChairS. Patterson, SecretaryT. M. AdamsS. BruceS. ChoiC. M. FaidyE. M. FochtM. GollietJ. GrimesR. M. JesseeJ. Johnston, Jr.D. Keller

M. LashleyT. R. LupoldK. A. ManolyD. P. MunsonT. M. MustoJ. E. O’SullivanM. A. RichterV. RohatgiF. J. Schaaf, Jr.R. StakenborghsM. TroughtonZ. J. Zhou

Special Working Group on Honors and Awards (BPV III)

R. M. Jessee, ChairA. AppletonR. W. Barnes

J. R. ColeD. E. MatthewsJ. C. Minichiello

Special Working Group on Industry Experience for New Plants(BPV III & BPV XI)

G. M. Foster, ChairJ. T. Lindberg, ChairH. L. Gustin, SecretaryJ. Ossmann, SecretaryT. L. ChanD. R. GrahamP. J. HennesseyD. O. HenryJ. HoncharikE. V. ImbroC. G. KimO.-S. Kim

Y.-S. Kim

K. Matsunaga

D. E. Matthews

R. E. McLaughlin

E. L. Pleins

D. W. Sandusky

D. M. Swann

T. Tsuruta

E. R. Willis

R. M. Wilson

S. M. Yee

Special Working Group on International Meetings (BPV III)

C. T. Smith, ChairA. Byk, Staff SecretaryT. D. BurchellS. W. CameronJ. R. ColeR. L. Crane

G. M. Foster

R. S. Hill III

M. N. Mitchell

R. F. Reedy, Sr.

C. A. Sanna

Special Working Group on New Advanced Light Water Reactor PlantConstruction Issues (BPV III)

E. L. Pleins, ChairM. C. Scott, SecretaryA. CardilloP. J. CocoB. GilliganJ. HoncharikG. V. ImbroO.-S Kim

M. KrisJ. C. MinichielloD. W. SanduskyC. A. SannaR. R. StevensonR. TroficantoM. L. WilsonJ. Yan

Special Working Group on Regulatory Interface (BPV III)

G. V. Imbro, ChairS. Bell, SecretaryA. CardilloA. A. DermenjianB. N. JuarezK. Matsunaga

D. E. MatthewsA. T. Roberts IIIR. R. StevensonD. TeraoM. L. WilsonR. A. Yonekawa

COMMITTEE ON HEATING BOILERS (BPV IV)

T. L. Bedeaux, ChairJ. A. Hall, Vice ChairG. Moino, Staff SecretaryB. CalderonJ. CallandJ. P. ChicoineC. M. DoveA. HeinoB. J. IskeP. A. Molvie

R. E. Olson

M. Wadkinson

R. V. Wielgoszinski

H. Michael, Delegate

D. Picart, Delegate

S. V. Voorhees, ContributingMember

J. L. Kleiss, Alternate

W. L. Haag, Jr., Honorary Member

xxx

Subgroup on Care and Operation of Heating Boilers (BPV IV)

M. Wadkinson, ChairT. L. BedeauxJ. Calland

J. A. HallP. A. Molvie

Subgroup on Cast Iron Boilers (BPV IV)

J. P. Chicoine, ChairT. L. Bedeaux, Vice ChairC. M. Dove

J. M. DownsJ. A. HallJ. L. Kleiss

Subgroup on Materials (BPV IV)

J. A. Hall, ChairM. Wadkinson, Vice ChairJ. CallandJ. M. Downs

A. HeinoB. J. IskeJ. L. KleissE. Rightmier

Subgroup on Water Heaters (BPV IV)

J. Calland, ChairJ. P. ChicoineB. J. Iske

R. E. OlsonT. E. Trant

Subgroup on Welded Boilers (BPV IV)

J. Calland, ChairT. L. BedeauxB. CalderonJ. L. Kleiss

P. A. MolvieR. E. OlsonM. WadkinsonR. V. Wielgoszinski

COMMITTEE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION (BPV V)

G. W. Hembree, ChairF. B. Kovacs, Vice ChairJ. S. Brzuszkiewicz, Staff SecretaryS. J. AkrinC. A. AndersonJ. E. BateyA. S. BirksP. L. BrownM. A. BurnsB. CaccamiseN. Y. FaranssoN. A. FinneyA. F. GarbolevskyJ. F. Halley

J. W. HoufS. A. JohnsonR. W. KruzicC. MayA. B. NagelT. L. PlasekF. J. SattlerG. M. Gatti, DelegateX. Guiping, DelegateB. D. Laite, AlternateH. C. Graber, Honorary MemberO. F. Hedden, Honorary MemberJ. R. MacKay, Honorary MemberT. G. McCarty, Honorary Member

Subgroup on General Requirements/Personnel Qualifications andInquiries (BPV V)

F. B. Kovacs, ChairJ. W. Houf, Vice ChairS. J. AkrinC. A. AndersonJ. E. BateyA. S. BirksC. EmslanderN. Y. Faransso

N. A. Finney

G. W. Hembree

S. A. Johnson

D. I. Morris

A. B. Nagel

J. P. Swezy, Jr., ContributingMember

Special Working Group on NDE Resource Support (SG-GR/PQ & I)(BPV V)

N. A. Finney, ChairD. AdkinsJ. AndersonT. G. BollhalterC. T. BrownN. Carter

J. L. Garner

M. Ghahremani

J. W. Mefford, Jr.

M. Sens

D. Van Allen

Subgroup on Surface Examination Methods (BPV V)

S. A. Johnson, ChairJ. Halley, Vice ChairS. J. AkrinJ. E. BateyA. S. BirksP. L. BrownB. CaccamiseN. Y. FaranssoN. FarenbaughN. A. Finney

G. W. Hembree

R. W. Kruzic

B. D. Laite

C. May

L. E. Mullins

A. B. Nagel

F. J. Sattler

P. Shaw

G. M. Gatti, Delegate

Subgroup on Volumetric Methods (BPV V)

A. B. Nagel, ChairN. A. Finney, Vice ChairS. J. AkrinJ. E. BateyP. L. BrownB. CaccamiseN. Y. FaranssoA. F. GarbolevskyJ. F. HalleyR. W. Hardy

G. W. HembreeS. A. JohnsonF. B. KovacsR. W. KruzicC. MayL. E. MullinsT. L. PlasekF. J. SattlerM. TorokG. M. Gatti, Delegate

Working Group on Acoustic Emissions (SG-VM) (BPV V)

N. Y. Faransso, ChairJ. E. Batey, Vice Chair

S. R. DoctorR. K. Miller

Working Group on Radiography (SG-VM) (BPV V)

B. Caccamise, ChairF. B. Kovacs, Vice ChairS. J. AkrinJ. E. BateyP. L. BrownC. EmslanderN. Y. FaranssoA. F. GarbolevskyR. W. HardyG. W. Hembree

S. A. Johnson

R. W. Kruzic

B. D. Laite

S. Mango

C. May

R. J. Mills

A. B. Nagel

T. L. Plasek

M. Torok

Working Group on Ultrasonics (SG-VM) (BPV V)

N. A. Finney, ChairJ. F. Halley, Vice ChairB. CaccamiseK. J. ChizenJ. M. DavisN. Y. FaranssoP. T. HayesS. A. Johnson

R. W. Kruzic

B. D. Laite

C. May

L. E. Mullins

A. B. Nagel

F. J. Sattler

M. Torok

xxxi

Working Group on GuidedWave Ultrasonic Testing (SG-VM) (BPV V)

N. Y. Faransso, ChairJ. E. Batey, Vice ChairD. AlleyneN. AmirJ. F. Halley

S. A. JohnsonG. M. LightP. MudgeM. J. QuarryJ. Vanvelsor

COMMITTEE ON PRESSURE VESSELS (VIII)

R. J. Basile, ChairS. C. Roberts, Vice ChairS. J. Rossi, Staff SecretaryT. Schellens, Staff SecretaryG. Aurioles, Sr.V. BogosianJ. CameronA. ChaudouetD. B. DeMichaelJ. P. GlaspieJ. F. GrubbL. E. Hayden, Jr.G. G. KarcherD. L. KurleK. T. LauM. D. LowerR. MahadeenR. W. MikitkaU. R. MillerT. W. NortonT. P. PastorD. T. PetersM. J. Pischke

M. D. RanaG. B. Rawls, Jr.F. L. RichterC. D. RoderyE. SoltowD. A. SwansonJ. P. Swezy, Jr.S. TeradaE. UpitisP. A. McGowan, DelegateH. Michael, DelegateK. Oyamada, DelegateM. E. Papponetti, DelegateD. Rui, DelegateT. Tahara, DelegateM. Gold, Contributing MemberW. S. Jacobs, Contributing MemberK. Mokhtarian, ContributingMember

C. C. Neely, Contributing MemberA. Selz, Contributing MemberK. K. Tam, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Design (BPV VIII)

D. A. Swanson, ChairJ. C. Sowinski, Vice ChairM. Faulkner, SecretaryG. Aurioles, Sr.S. R. BabkaO. A. BarskyR. J. BasileM. R. BreachF. L. BrownD. ChandiramaniB. F. HantzC. E. HinnantC. S. HinsonM. H. JawadD. L. KurleM. D. LowerR. W. MikitkaU. R. Miller

T. P. PastorM. D. RanaG. B. Rawls, Jr.S. C. RobertsC. D. RoderyD. SrnicJ. VattappillyR. A. WhippleK. XuK. Oyamada, DelegateM. E. Papponetti, DelegateW. S. Jacobs, Contributing MemberP. K. Lam, Contributing MemberK. Mokhtarian, ContributingMember

A. Selz, Contributing MemberS. C. Shah, Contributing MemberK. K. Tam, Contributing Member

Working Group on Design-By-Analysis (BPV III)

B. F. Hantz, ChairT. W. Norton, SecretaryR. G. BrownD. DeweesR. D. DixonZ. GuC. E. HinnantR. JainM. H. Jawad

S. KrishnamurthyA. MannG. A. MillerC. NadarajahM. D. RanaT. G. SeippM. A. ShahS. TeradaD. Arnett, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Fabrication and Inspection (BPV VIII)

C. D. Rodery, ChairJ. P. Swezy, Jr., Vice ChairB. R. Morelock, SecretaryL. F. CampbellD. I. MorrisO. MuletM. J. PischkeM. J. RiceB. F. Shelley

P. L. Sturgill

E. A. Whittle

K. Oyamada, Delegate

W. J. Bees, Contributing Member

W. S. Jacobs, Contributing Member

J. Lee, Contributing Member

R. Uebel, Contributing Member

E. Upitis, Contributing Member

Subgroup on General Requirements (BPV VIII)

M. D. Lower, ChairJ. P. Glaspie, Vice ChairF. L. Richter, SecretaryR. J. BasileV. BogosianD. T. DavisD. B. DeMichaelM. FaulkenerL. E. Hayden, Jr.K. T. Lau

A. S. OlivaresT. P. PastorS. C. RobertsJ. C. SowinskiP. SperanzaD. B. StewartD. A. SwansonR. UebelK. Oyamada, DelegateC. C. Neely, Contributing Member

Task Group on U-2(g) (BPV VIII)

S. R. BabkaR. J. BasileD. K. ChandiramaniR. MahadeenU. R. MillerT. W. NortonT. P. Pastor

R. F. Reedy, Sr.S. C. RobertsM. A. Shah, Jr.D. SrnicD. A. SwansonR. UebelK. K. Tam, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Heat Transfer Equipment (BPV VIII)

G. Aurioles, Sr., ChairP. Matkovics, SecretaryD. AngstadtS. R. BabkaM. BahadoriJ. H. BarbeeO. A. BarskyI. G. CampbellA. ChaudouetM. D. ClarkS. JeyakumarG. G. KarcherD. L. KurleB. J. Lerch

R. MahadeenS. MayeuxU. R. MillerT. W. NortonK. OyamadaD. SrnicA. M. VoytkoR. P. WibergF. E. Jehrio, Contributing MemberJ. Mauritz, Contributing MemberF. Osweiller, Contributing MemberR. Tiwari, Contributing MemberS. Yokell, Contributing MemberS. M. Caldwell, Honorary Member

Task Group on Plate Heat Exchangers (BPV VIII)

M. J. Pischke, ChairS. R. BabkaS. FlynnJ. F. GrubbF. HamtakJ. E. Lane

R. MahadeenP. MetkovicsD. I. MorrisC. M. RomeroE. SoltowD. Srnic

xxxii

Subgroup on High Pressure Vessels (BPV VIII)

D. T. Peters, ChairR. D. Dixon, Vice ChairR. T. Hallman, Vice ChairA. P. Maslowski, Staff SecretaryL. P. AntalffyR. C. BielP. N. ChakuR. CordesL. FridlundD. M. FryerA. H. HonzaJ. A. KappJ. KeltjensA. K. KhareN. McKieS. C. Mordre

G. T. NelsonE. A. RodriguezE. D. RollK. C. Simpson, Jr.D. L. StangF. W. TatarS. TeradaJ. L. TraudR. WinkK.-J. YoungK. Oyamada, DelegateR. M. Hoshman, ContributingMember

G. J. Mraz, Contributing MemberD. J. Burns, Honorary MemberE. H. Perez, Honorary Member

Subgroup on Materials (BPV VIII)

J. F. Grubb, ChairJ. Cameron, Vice ChairP. G. Wittenbach, SecretaryA. Di RienzoJ. D. FritzM. KatcherM. KowalczykW. M. LundyJ. PensoD. W. Rahoi

R. C. Sutherlin

E. Upitis

K. Xu


G. S. Dixit, Contributing Member

M. Gold, Contributing Member

J. A. McMaster, ContributingMember

E. G. Nisbett, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Toughness (BPV II & BPV VIII)

D. L. Kurle, ChairK. Xu, Vice ChairR. J. BasileW. S. JacobsM. D. RanaF. L. RichterK. SubramanianD. A. Swanson

J. P. Swezy, Jr.

E. Upitis

J. Vattappilly


K. Mokhtarian, ContributingMember

C. C. Neely, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Graphite Pressure Equipment (BPV VIII)

E. Soltow, ChairG. C. BechererT. F. BonnF. L. Brown

M. R. MinickA. A. StupicaA. Viet

Italy International Working Group (BPV VIII)

G. Pontiggia, ChairA. Veroni, SecretaryB. G. AlboraliP. AngeliniR. BoattiA. CamanniP. ContiP. L. DinelliF. FincoL. GaetaniA. Ghidini

M. Guglielmetti

P. Mantovani

M. Maroni

M. Massobrio

L. Moracchioli

L. Possenti

C. Sangaletti

A. Teli

I. Venier

G. Gobbi, Contributing Member

Special Working Group on Bolted Flanged Joints (BPV VIII)

R. W. Mikitka, ChairG. D. BibelW. BrownH. ChenW. J. Koves

M. MorishitaJ. R. PayneG. B. Rawls, Jr.M. S. Shelton

Working Group on Design (BPV VIII Div. 3)

J. Keltjens, ChairC. Becht VR. C. BielR. CordesR. D. DixonL. FridlundR. T. HallmanG. M. MitalS. C. MordreG. T. NelsonD. T. PetersE. D. Roll

K. C. SimpsonD. L. StangK. SubramanianS. TeradaJ. L. TraudR. WinkY. XuF. Kirkemo, Contributing MemberD. J. Burns, Honorary MemberD. M. Fryer, Honorary MemberG. J. Mraz, Honorary MemberE. H. Perez, Honorary Member

Working Group on Materials (BPV VIII Div. 3)

F. W. Tatar, ChairL. P. AntalffyP. N. Chaku

J. A. KappA. K. Khare

Task Group on Impulsively Loaded Vessels (BPV VIII)

E. A. Rodriguez, ChairP. O. Leslie, SecretaryG. A. AntakiJ. K. AsahinaD. D. BarkerA. M. ClaytonJ. E. Didlake, Jr.T. A. DuffeyB. L. HaroldsenK. HayashiD. HildingK. W. KingR. Kitamura

R. A. Leishear

R. E. Nickell

F. Ohlson

C. Romero

N. Rushton

J. H. Stofleth

Q. Dong, Contributing Member

H.-P. Schildberg, ContributingMember

J. E. Shepherd, ContributingMember

M. Yip, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Interpretations (BPV VIII)

U. R. Miller, ChairT. Schellens, Staff SecretaryG. Aurioles, Sr.R. J. BasileJ. CameronR. D. DixonJ. F. GrubbD. L. KurleM. D. LowerR. Mahadeen

D. T. Peters

S. C. Roberts

C. D. Rodery

D. B. Stewart

P. L. Sturgill

D. A. Swanson

J. P. Swezy, Jr.

J. Vattappilly

T. P. Pastor, Contributing Member

xxxiii

COMMITTEE ON WELDING, BRAZING, AND FUSING (BPV IX)

W. J. Sperko, ChairD. A. Bowers, Vice ChairS. J. Rossi, Staff SecretaryM. BernasekM. L. CarpenterJ. G. FeldsteinP. D. FlennerS. E. GingrichR. M. JesseeJ. S. LeeW. M. LundyT. MelfiW. F. Newell, Jr.A. S. OlivaresD. K. PeetzM. J. PischkeM. J. Rice

M. B. SimsM. J. StankoP. L. SturgillJ. P. Swezy, Jr.P. L. Van FossonR. R. YoungA. Roza, DelegateR. K. Brown, Jr., ContributingMember

M. Consonni, Contributing MemberS. A. Jones, Contributing MemberS. Raghunathan, ContributingMember

W. D. Doty, Honorary MemberB. R. Newmark, Honorary MemberS. D. Reynolds, Jr., HonoraryMember

Subgroup on Brazing (BPV IX)

M. J. Pischke, ChairE. W. BeckmanL. F. CampbellM. L. Carpenter

A. F. GarbolevskyA. R. NyweningJ. P. Swezy, Jr.

Subgroup on General Requirements (BPV IX)

P. L. Sturgill, ChairE. W. BeckmanJ. P. BellG. ChandlerP. R. EvansA. HowardR. M. Jessee

A. S. OlivaresD. K. PeetzH. B. PorterK. R. WillensE. W. WoelfelE. Molina, DelegateB. R. Newmark, Honorary Member

Subgroup on Materials (BPV IX)

M. Bernasek, ChairT. AndersonJ. L. ArnoldM. L. CarpenterE. CutlipS. S. FioreS. E. GingrichL. HarbisonR. M. Jessee

C. C. KimT. MelfiM. J. PischkeC. E. SainzW. J. SperkoM. J. StankoP. L. SturgillR. R. YoungV. G. V. Giunto, Delegate

Subgroup on Performance Qualification (BPV IX)

D. A. Bowers, ChairM. J. Rice, SecretaryM. A. BoringR. B. CorbitP. D. FlennerK. L. Hayes

J. S. Lee

W. M. Lundy

T. Melfi

E. G. Reichelt

M. B. Sims

Subgroup on Plastic Fusing (BPV IX)

M. L. Carpenter, ChairD. BurwellJ. M. CraigM. GhahremaniK. L. HayesR. M. JesseeJ. Johnston, Jr.E. W. McElroyJ. E. O’SullivanE. G. ReicheltM. J. Rice

S. Schuessler

P. L. Sturgill

J. P. Swezy, Jr.

M. Troughton

E. W. Woelfel

J. Wright

J. C. Minichiello, ContributingMember

C. W. Rowley, ContributingMember

Subgroup on Procedure Qualification (BPV IX)

D. A. Bowers, ChairM. J. Rice, SecretaryM. BernasekM. A. BoringL. HarbisonW. M. LundyW. F. Newell, Jr.S. Raghunathan

M. B. SimsW. J. SperkoS. A. SpragueJ. P. Swezy, Jr.P. L. Van FossonT. C. WiesnerD. Chandiramani, ContributingMember

COMMITTEE ON FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC PRESSURE VESSELS(BPV X)

D. Eisberg, ChairB. F. Shelley, Vice ChairP. D. Stumpf, Staff SecretaryF. L. BrownJ. L. BustillosT. W. CowleyI. L. DinovoT. J. FowlerM. R. GormanB. HebbD. H. Hodgkinson

L. E. Hunt

D. L. Keeler

B. M. Linnemann

N. L. Newhouse

D. J. Painter

G. Ramirez

J. R. Richter

F. W. Van Name

D. O. Yancey, Jr.

P. H. Ziehl

COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR INSERVICE INSPECTION (BPV XI)

G. C. Park, ChairR. W. Swayne, Vice ChairR. A. Yonekawa, Vice ChairR. L. Crane, Staff SecretaryJ. M. AgoldV. L. ArmentroutJ. F. BallW. H. BamfordT. L. ChanR. C. CipollaD. D. DavisG. H. DeBooR. L. DyleE. V. Farrell, Jr.E. L. FarrowE. B. GerlachR. E. GimpleT. J. GriesbachD. O. HenryR. D. KerrS. D. KulatD. W. LamondD. R. Lee

G. A. LofthusE. J. MaloneyJ. E. O’SullivanR. K. RhyneD. A. ScarthF. J. Schaaf, Jr.J. C. Spanner, Jr.G. L. StevensD. E. WaskeyJ. G. WeicksT. YuharaH. D. Chung, DelegateC. Ye, DelegateB. R. Newton, Contributing MemberR. A. West, Contributing MemberJ. Hakii, AlternateJ. T. Lindberg, AlternateC. J. Wirtz, AlternateC. D. Cowfer, Honorary MemberF. E. Gregor, Honorary MemberO. F. Hedden, Honorary MemberP. C. Riccardella, Honorary Member

xxxiv

Executive Committee (BPV XI)

R. A. Yonekawa, ChairG. C. Park, Vice ChairR. L. Crane, Staff SecretaryW. H. BamfordR. L. DyleM. J. FerlisiE. B. GerlachR. E. Gimple

S. D. Kulat

J. T. Lindberg

W. E. Norris

R. K. Rhyne

J. C. Spanner, Jr.

G. L. Stevens

R. W. Swayne

China International Working Group (BPV XI)

J. H. Liu, ChairY. Nie, Vice ChairC. Ye, Vice ChairM. W. Zhou, SecretaryJ. CaiD. X. ChenH. ChenH. D. ChenY. B. GuoY. HouP. F. HuD. M. KangX. Y. LiangZ. X. LiangS. X. Lin

L. Q. LiuY. LiuW. N. PeiC. L. PengG. X. TangQ. WangQ. W. WangZ. S. WangF. XuZ. Y. XuQ. YinK. ZhangY. ZhangZ. M. ZhongL. L. Zou

Germany International Working Group (BPV XI)

C. A. Spletter, SecretaryH.-R. BathB. HoffmannU. Jendrich

H. SchauX. SchulerJ. Wendt

Subgroup on Evaluation Standards (SG-ES) (BPV XI)

W. H. Bamford, ChairG. L. Stevens, SecretaryH. D. ChungR. C. CipollaG. H. DeBooR. L. DyleB. R. GantaT. J. GriesbachK. HasegawaK. HojoD. N. HopkinsK. Koyama

D. R. LeeY. LiR. O. McGillH. S. MehtaK. MiyazakiR. PaceJ. C. PoehlerS. RanganathD. A. ScarthT. V. VoK. R. WichmanS. X. Xu

Task Group on Evaluation of Beyond Design Basis Events (SG-ES)(BPV XI)

R. Pace, ChairK. E. Woods, SecretaryG. AntakiP. R. DonavinR. G. GiladaT. J. GriesbachH. L. GustinM. Hayashi

K. HojoS. A. KleinsmithH. S. MehtaD. V. SommervilleT. V. VoK. R. WichmanG. M. WilkowskiT. Weaver, Contributing Member

Working Group on Flaw Evaluation (SG-ES) (BPV XI)

R. C. Cipolla, ChairW. H. BamfordM. L. BensonB. BezensekH. D. ChungG. H. DeBooC. M. FaidyB. R. GantaR. G. GiladaH. L. GustinF. D. HayesP. H. HoangK. HojoD. N. HopkinsY. KimK. KoyamaV. LacroixD. R. Lee

Y. LiH. S. MehtaG. A. A. MiessiK. MiyazakiR. K. QashuS. RanganathH. RathbunP. J. RushD. A. ScarthW. L. ServerD.-J. ShimA. UdyawarT. V. VoB. WasilukK. R. WichmanG. M. WilkowskiD. L. Rudland, Alternate

Task Group on Evaluation Procedures for Degraded Buried Pipe(WG-PFE) (BPV XI)

R. O. McGill, ChairS. X. Xu, SecretaryG. AntakiR. C. CipollaG. H. DeBooK. HasegawaK. M. Hoffman

G. A. A. Miessi

M. Moenssens

D. P. Munson

R. Pace

P. J. Rush

D. A. Scarth

Working Group on Operating Plant Criteria (SG-ES) (BPV XI)

T. J. Griesbach, ChairV. Marthandam, SecretaryK. R. BakerW. H. BamfordH. BehnkeT. L. DicksonR. L. DyleA. E. FreedS. R. GosselinM. HayashiS. A. KleinsmithH. S. MehtaA. D. Odell

R. PaceN. A. PalmJ. C. PoehlerS. RanganathW. L. ServerD. V. SommervilleC. A. TomesA. UdyawarT. V. VoD. P. WeaklandK. E. WoodsT. Hardin, Alternate

Working Group on Pipe Flaw Evaluation (SG-ES) (BPV XI)

D. A. Scarth, ChairG. M. Wilkowski, SecretaryW. H. BamfordH. D. ChungR. C. CipollaN. G. CofieJ. M. DavisG. H. DeBooC. M. FaidyB. R. GantaS. R. GosselinL. F. GoyetteC. E. Guzman-LeongK. HasegawaP. H. HoangK. HojoD. N. HopkinsE. J. Houston

K. KashimaY. LiR. O. McGillH. S. MehtaG. A. A. MiessiK. MiyazakiS. H. PelletH. RathbunD. L. RudlandP. J. RushD.-J. ShimA. UdyawarT. V. VoB. WasilukS. X. XuA. Alleshwaram, AlternateM. L. Benson, Alternate

xxxv

Subgroup on Nondestructive Examination (SG-NDE) (BPV XI)

J. C. Spanner, Jr., ChairD. R. Cordes, SecretaryD. AlleyT. L. ChanC. B. CheezemF. E. DohmenD. O. Henry

J. T. LindbergG. A. LofthusG. R. PerkinsS. A. SaboF. J. Schaaf, Jr.R. V. SwainC. J. Wirtz

Working Group on Personnel Qualification and Surface Visual andEddy Current Examination (SG-NDE) (BPV XI)

J. T. Lindberg, ChairJ. E. Aycock, SecretaryS. E. CumblidgeA. DiazN. FarenbaughD. O. Henry

J. W. HoufJ. C. Spanner, Jr.J. T. TimmM. C. WeatherlyM. L. WhytsellC. J. Wirtz

Working Group on Procedure Qualification and VolumetricExamination (SG-NDE) (BPV XI)

G. A. Lofthus, ChairG. R. Perkins, SecretaryM. T. AndersonM. BrileyC. B. CheezemA. D. ChockieD. R. CordesM. DennisS. R. Doctor

F. E. DohmenK. J. HackerD. B. KingD. A. KullC. A. NoveS. A. SaboR. V. SwainS. J. ToddD. K. Zimmerman

Subgroup on Repair/Replacement Activities (SG-RRA) (BPV XI)

E. B. Gerlach, ChairE. V. Farrell, Jr., SecretaryJ. F. BallS. B. BrownR. E. CantrellR. ClowP. D. FisherR. E. GimpleD. R. GrahamR. A. HermannK. J. KarwoskiR. D. Kerr

S. L. McCracken

B. R. Newton

J. E. O'Sullivan

S. Schuessler

R. R. Stevenson

R. W. Swayne

D. L. Tilly

D. E. Waskey

J. G. Weicks

R. A. Yonekawa

E. G. Reichelt, Alternate

Working Group on Welding and Special Repair Processes (SG-RRA)(BPV XI)

D. E. Waskey, ChairD. J. Tilly, SecretaryR. E. CantrellS. J. FindlanP. D. FisherM. L. HallR. A. HermannK. J. Karwoski

C. C. Kim

S. L. McCracken

D. B. Meredith

B. R. Newton

J. E. O'Sullivan

R. E. Smith

J. G. Weicks

Working Group on Nonmetals Repair/Replacement Activities(SG-RRA) (BPV XI)

J. E. O'Sullivan, ChairS. Schuessler, SecretaryM. T. AudrainJ. Johnston, Jr.T. M. Musto

S. PattersonB. B. RajiF. J. Schaaf, Jr.Z. J. Zhou

Task Group on Repair by Carbon Fiber Composites(WGN-MRR) (BPV XI)

J. E. O'Sullivan, ChairJ. W. CollinsM. GollietL. S. GordonT. JimenezG. M. LupiaM. P. Marohl

R. P. OjdrovicD. PegueroA. PridmoreB. B. RajiC. W. RowleyV. RoyJ. Wen

Working Group on Design and Programs (SG-RRA) (BPV XI)

R. Clow, ChairA. B. Meichler, SecretaryO. BhattyS. B. BrownJ. W. CollinsL. R. CorrR. R. CroftE. V. Farrell, Jr.E. B. Gerlach

D. R. Graham

G. F. Harttraft

T. E. Hiss

H. Malikowski

M. A. Pyne

R. R. Stevenson

R. W. Swayne

R. A. Yonekawa

Subgroup on Water-Cooled Systems (SG-WCS) (BPV XI)

S. D. Kulat, ChairN. A. Palm, SecretaryJ. M. AgoldV. L. ArmentroutJ. M. BoughmanS. T. ChesworthA. D. CinsonD. D. DavisH. Q. DoE. L. Farrow

M. J. Ferlisi

P. J. Hennessey

D. W. Lamond

A. McNeill III

T. Nomura

G. C. Park

J. E. Staffiera

H. M. Stephens, Jr.

R. Turner

Task Group on High Strength Nickel Alloys Issues (SG-WCS) (BPV XI)

R. L. Dyle, ChairB. L. Montgomery, SecretaryW. H. BamfordP. R. DonavinR. E. GimpleR. HardiesK. KoyamaM. LashleyH. Malikowski

S. E. Marlette

G. C. Park

J. M. Shuping

J. C. Spanner, Jr.

K. B. Stuckey

E. J. Sullivan, Jr.

B. C. Thomas

D. P. Weakland

Working Group on Containment (SG-WCS) (BPV XI)

J. E. Staffiera, ChairH. M. Stephens, Jr., SecretaryP. S. GhosalH. T. HillR. D. HoughB. LehmanJ. A. Munshi

D. J. Naus

A. A. Reyes-Cruz

E. A. Rodriguez

M. Sircar

S. G. Brown, Alternate

T. J. Herrity, Alternate

xxxvi

Working Group on Inspection of Systems and Components(SG-WCS) (BPV XI)

J. M. Agold, ChairN. Granback, SecretaryR. W. BlydeC. Cueto-FelguerosoR. E. DayH. Q. DoM. J. FerlisiK. W. Hall

K. M. Hoffman

S. D. Kulat

A. Lee

T. Nomura

J. C. Nygaard

R. Rishel

G. J. Navratil, Alternate

Task Group on Optimization of Ultrasonic Evaluation Requirements(WG-ISC) (BPV XI)

M. J. Ferlisi, ChairK. W. HallD. O. HenryK. M. Hoffman

B. L. MontgomeryG. J. NavratilM. OrihuelaJ. C. Poehler

Working Group on Pressure Testing (SG-WCS) (BPV XI)

D. W. Lamond, ChairJ. M. Boughman, SecretaryD. AlleyY.-K. ChungJ. A. Doughty

R. E. HallA. E. KeyserJ. K. McClanahanB. L. MontgomeryS. A. Norman

Task Group on Buried Components Inspection and Testing(WG-PT) (BPV XI)

D. W. Lamond, ChairJ. M. Boughman, SecretaryM. Moenssens, SecretaryC. BlackwelderG. C. CokerR. E. DayR. Hardies

T. Ivy

A. Lee

G. M. Lupia

J. Ossmann

M. A. Richter

D. Smith

Working Group on Risk-Informed Activities (SG-WCS) (BPV XI)

M. A. Pyne, ChairS. T. Chesworth, SecretaryJ. M. AgoldC. Cueto-FelguerosoH. Q. DoR. FougerousseM. R. GraybealR. HaesslerJ. HakiiK. W. Hall

K. M. Hoffman

S. D. Kulat

D. W. Lamond

R. K. Mattu

A. McNeill III

P. J. O’ReganN. A. Palm

D. Vetter

J. C. Younger

Special Working Group on Editing and Review (BPV XI)

R. W. Swayne, ChairC. E. MoyerK. R. Rao

J. E. StaffieraD. J. TillyC. J. Wirtz

Special Working Group on Nuclear Plant Aging Management(BPV XI)

B. R. Snyder, ChairA. B. Meichler, SecretaryT. M. AnselmiS. AsadaD. V. BurgessY.-K. ChungD. D. DavisR. L. Dyle

A. L. Hiser, Jr.R. E. NickellK. SakamotoW. L. ServerR. L. TurnerG. G. YoungZ. ZhongM. Srinivasan, Alternate

Working Group on General Requirements (BPV XI)

R. K. Rhyne, ChairE. J. Maloney, SecretaryJ. F. BallT. L. ChanE. L. Farrow

P. J. HennesseyK. M. HermanR. K. MattuC. E. MoyerR. L. Williams

Special Working Group on Reliability and Integrity ManagementProgram (BPV XI)

F. J. Schaaf, Jr., ChairA. T. Roberts III, SecretaryN. BroomS. R. DoctorJ. FletcherS. R. GosselinN. GranbackJ. GrimmA. B. Hull

D. M. JonesA. L. KrinzmanD. R. LeeR. K. MillerM. N. MitchellR. MorrillT. RoneyR. W. SwayneS. Takaya

JSME/ASME Joint Task Group for System-Based Code (SWG-RIM)(BPV XI)

T. Asayama, ChairK. DozakiM. R. GraybealM. HayashiY. Kamishima

H. MachidaM. MorishitaF. J. Schaaf, Jr.S. TakayaD. Watanabe

COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT TANKS (BPV XII)

M. D. Rana, ChairN. J. Paulick, Vice ChairT. Schellens, Staff SecretaryA. N. AntoniouP. ChilukuriW. L. GarfieldG. G. KarcherM. Pitts

T. A. RogersS. StaniszewskiA. P. VargheseM. R. WardJ. A. Byers, Contributing MemberR. Meyers, Contributing MemberM. D. Pham, Contributing MemberA. Selz, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Design and Materials (BPV XII)

A. P. Varghese, ChairR. C. Sallash, SecretaryD. K. ChandiramaniP. ChilukuriG. G. KarcherS. L. McWilliamsN. J. PaulickM. D. Rana

T. A. Rogers

A. Selz

M. R. Ward

K. Xu

J. Zheng, Corresponding Member

T. Hitchcock, Contributing Member

M. D. Pham, Contributing Member

xxxvii

Subgroup on Fabrication, Inspection, and Continued Service(BPV XII)

M. Pitts, ChairP. Chilukuri, SecretaryW. L. GarfieldD. HayworthK. ManskerG. McRaeO. MuletT. A. RogersM. Rudek

R. C. SallashS. StaniszewskiS. E. Benet, Contributing MemberJ. A. Byers, Contributing MemberA. S. Olivares, ContributingMember

L. H. Strouse, Contributing MemberS. V. Voorhees, ContributingMember

Subgroup on General Requirements (BPV XII)

S. Staniszewski, ChairA. N. AntoniouJ. L. FreilerW. L. GarfieldO. MuletB. Pittel

M. Pitts

T. Rummel

R. C. Sallash

K. L. Gilmore, Contributing Member

L. H. Strouse, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Nonmandatory Appendices (BPV XII)

N. J. Paulick, ChairS. Staniszewski, SecretaryP. ChilukuriD. HayworthK. ManskerS. L. McWilliamsM. PittsT. A. RogersR. C. SallashD. G. Shelton

M. R. WardS. E. Benet, Contributing MemberD. D. Brusewitz, ContributingMember

J. L. Conley, Contributing MemberT. Eubanks, Contributing MemberT. Hitchcock, Contributing MemberA. Selz, Contributing MemberA. P. Varghese, ContributingMember

COMMITTEE ON BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CONFORMITYASSESSMENT (CBPVCA)

P. D. Edwards, ChairL. E. McDonald, Vice ChairK. I. Baron, Staff SecretaryM. Vazquez, Staff SecretaryS. W. CameronJ. P. ChicoineD. C. CookM. A. DeVriesT. E. HansenK. T. LauD. MillerB. R. MorelockJ. D. O'LearyG. ScribnerB. C. TurczynskiD. E. TuttleE. A. WhittleR. V. WielgoszinskiP. Williams

D. Cheetham, Contributing MemberV. Bogosian, AlternateJ. B. Carr, AlternateJ. W. Dickson, AlternateM. B. Doherty, AlternateJ. M. Downs, AlternateB. J. Hackett, AlternateB. L. Krasiun, AlternateP. F. Martin, AlternateK. McPhie, AlternateM. R. Minick, AlternateI. Powell, AlternateR. Pulliam, AlternateR. Rockwood, AlternateR. D. Troutt, AlternateR. Uebel, AlternateJ. A. West, AlternateD. A. Wright, AlternateA. J. Spencer, Honorary Member

COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR CERTIFICATION (CNC)

R. R. Stevenson, ChairJ. DeKleine, Vice ChairE. Suarez, Staff SecretaryG. GobbiS. M. GoodwinJ. W. HighlandsK. A. HuberJ. C. KraneM. A. LockwoodR. P. McIntyreM. R. MinickL. M. PlanteH. B. PrasseT. E. QuakaC. T. SmithD. M. VickeryC. S. Withers

S. YangS. F. Harrison, ContributingMember

S. Andrews, AlternateV. Bogosian, AlternateP. J. Coco, AlternateP. D. Edwards, AlternateD. P. Gobbi, AlternateK. M. Hottle, AlternateK. A. Kavanagh, AlternateB. G. Kovarik, AlternateM. A. Martin, AlternateM. Paris, AlternateA. Torosyan, AlternateE. A. Whittle, AlternateH. L. Wiger, Alternate

Subcommittee on Safety Valve Requirements (SC-SVR)

D. B. DeMichael, ChairJ. F. Ball, Vice ChairC. E. O’Brien, Staff SecretaryJ. BurgessS. CammeresiJ. A. CoxR. J. DoellingJ. P. Glaspie

S. F. Harrison, Jr.W. F. HartD. MillerB. K. NutterT. PatelZ. WangJ. A. WestR. D. Danzy, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Design (SC-SVR)

D. Miller, ChairC. E. BeairJ. A. ConleyR. J. Doelling

T. PatelJ. A. WestR. D. Danzy, Contributing Member

Subgroup on General Requirements (SC-SVR)

J. F. Ball, ChairG. BrazierJ. BurgessD. B. DeMichael

S. T. FrenchJ. P. GlaspieB. PittelD. E. Tuttle

Subgroup on Testing (SC-SVR)

J. A. Cox, ChairT. BeirneJ. E. BrittS. CammeresiJ. W. DicksonG. D. Goodson

W. F. Hart

B. K. Nutter

C. Sharpe

Z. Wang

A. Wilson

U.S. Technical Advisory Group ISO/TC 185 Safety Relief Valves

T. J. Bevilacqua, ChairC. E. O’Brien, Staff SecretaryJ. F. BallG. Brazier

D. B. DeMichaelD. MillerB. K. NutterJ. A. West

xxxviii

ð15ÞPREAMBLE

This Code covers rules for construction of power boilers,1 electric boilers,2 miniature boilers,3 high-temperaturewater boilers,4 heat recovery steam generators,5 solar receiver steam generators,6 and certain fired pressure vessels7

to be used in stationary service and includes those power boilers used in locomotive, portable, and traction service. Re-ference to a paragraph includes all the subparagraphs and subdivisions under that paragraph.

The Code does not contain rules to cover all details of design and construction. Where complete details are not given, itis intended that the manufacturer, subject to the acceptance of the Authorized Inspector, shall provide details of designand construction which will be as safe as otherwise provided by the rules in the Code.

The scope of jurisdiction of Section I applies to the boiler proper and to the boiler external piping.Superheaters, economizers, and other pressure parts connected directly to the boiler without intervening valves shall

be considered as parts of the boiler proper, and their construction shall conform to Section I rules.Boiler external piping shall be considered as that piping which begins where the boiler proper or isolable superheater

or isolable economizer terminates at:(a) the first circumferential joint for welding end connections; or(b) the face of the first flange in bolted flanged connections; or(c) the first threaded joint in that type of connection; and which extends up to and including the valve or valves re-

quired by this Code.ASME Code Certification (including Data Forms and stamping the Certification Mark with appropriate Designator8),

and/or inspection by the Authorized Inspector, when required by this Code, is required for the boiler proper and theboiler external piping.

Construction rules for materials, design, fabrication, installation, and testing of the boiler external piping are con-tained in ASME B31.1, Power Piping. Piping beyond the valve or valves required by Section I is not within the scopeof Section I, and it is not the intent that the Certification Mark9 be applied to such piping or any other piping.

The material for forced-circulation boilers, boilers with no fixed steam and water line, and high-temperature waterboilers shall conform to the requirements of the Code. All other requirements shall also be met except where they relateto special features of construction made necessary in boilers of these types, and to accessories that are manifestly notneeded or used in connection with such boilers, such as water gages and water columns.

Reheaters receiving steam which has passed through part of a turbine or other prime mover and separately firedsteam superheaters which are not integral with the boiler are considered fired pressure vessels and their constructionshall comply with Code requirements for superheaters, including safety devices. Piping between the reheater connec-tions and the turbine or other prime mover is not within the scope of the Code. Steam piping to the inlet connectionsand from the outlet connections of nonintegral separately fired superheaters is not within the scope of this Code.

Economizers that are located outside the limits of boiler external piping are considered fired pressure vessels. Pipingto and from the connections to such economizers is not within the scope of this Code.

A pressure vessel in which steam is generated by the application of heat resulting from the combustion of fuel (solid,liquid, or gaseous) or from solar radiation shall be classed as a fired steam boiler.

1 Power boiler — a boiler in which steam or other vapor is generated at a pressure of more than 15 psi (100 kPa) for use external to itself.2 Electric boiler — a power boiler or a high-temperature water boiler in which the source of heat is electricity.3 Miniature boiler — a power boiler or a high-temperature water boiler in which the limits specified in PMB-2 are not exceeded.4 High-temperature water boiler— a water boiler intended for operation at pressures in excess of 160 psi (1.1 MPa) and/or temperatures in

excess of 250°F (120°C).5 Heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) — a boiler that has as its principal source of thermal energy a hot gas stream having high-ramp

rates and temperatures such as the exhaust of a gas turbine.6 Solar receiver steam generator — a boiler system in which water is converted to steam using solar energy as the principal source of ther-

mal energy. The solar energy is typically concentrated onto the solar receiver through the use of an array of mirrors that focuses solar radiationon the heat transfer surface.

7 Fired pressure vessel— reheaters, isolable superheaters, economizers located outside the limits of boiler external piping, and nonintegralseparately fired superheaters.

8 Certification Designator (Designator) — the symbol used in conjunction with the Certification Mark for the scope of activity described in aManufacturer’s Certificate of Authorization.

9 Certification Mark — an ASME symbol identifying a product as meeting Code requirements.

xxxix

Unfired pressure vessels in which steam is generated shall be classed as unfired steam boilers with the followingexceptions:(a) vessels known as evaporators or heat exchangers(b) vessels in which steam is generated by the use of heat resulting from operation of a processing system containing a

number of pressure vessels such as used in the manufacture of chemical and petroleum productsUnfired steam boilers shall be constructed under the provisions of Section I or Section VIII.Expansion tanks connected to high-temperature water boilers without intervening valves shall be constructed to the

requirements of Section I or Section VIII.A pressure vessel in which an organic fluid is vaporized by the application of heat resulting from the combustion of

fuel (solid, liquid, or gaseous) or from solar radiation shall be constructed under the provisions of Section I. Vessels inwhich vapor is generated incidental to the operation of a processing system, containing a number of pressure vesselssuch as used in chemical and petroleum manufacture, are not covered by the rules of Section I.

xl

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

After publication of the 2015 Edition, Errata to the BPV Code may be posted on the ASMEWeb site to provide correctionsto incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors in the BPV Code. Such Errata shall beused on the date posted.

Information regarding Special Notices and Errata is published by ASME at http://go.asme.org/BPVCerrata.

Changes given below are identified on the pages by a margin note, (15), placed next to the affected area.

The Record Numbers listed below are explained in more detail in “List of Changes in Record Number Order” followingthis Summary of Changes.

Page Location Change (Record Number)

xv List of Sections Revised

xvii Foreword (1) Revised(2) New footnote added by errata (13-860)

xx Submittal of TechnicalInquiries to the Boilerand Pressure VesselStandards Committees

In last line of 6(a), URL revised

xxii Personnel Updated

xxxix Preamble Revised (12-1445, 14-337)

2 PG-5.5 In second sentence, cross-reference to PFE-4 added (12-1445)

3 PG-6.1 Reference to SA-202 deleted (13-318)

5 PG-9.3 Second sentence revised (14-1019)

7 PG-11 Revised in its entirety (10-1780)

11 PG-19 In Endnote 3 (formerly Endnote 8), cross-reference to A-370 revisedto A-205 (14-606)

12 Table PG-19 (1) Entries for UNS Nos. S30432 and N08811 added (13-120,13-1039)

(2) Note (2) revised (13-708)

14 PG-22.2 Cross-reference to PW-43 revised to PG-56 (12-1572)

15 PG-25.2.1.1 Revised (12-1117)

15 PG-25.2.1.2.1 Last sentence revised (12-1117)

16 PG-25.2.2.2 First paragraph revised (12-1117)

17 Table PG-26 Revised (12-2087, 13-1474)

19 PG-27.2.3 Cross-reference to A-125 revised to A-317 (14-1295)

21 PG-27.4.6 In in-text table, entry for N06025 added (13-1475)

22 PG-28.3.1 Last two sentences added (14-1269)

24 PG-29.7 In first sentence, cross-reference to PG-27.2.2 revised to “PG-27 orA-317” (14-1296)

xli


26 Figure PG-31 Revised editorially

25 PG-31.2 In definition of S , units of measure deleted (13-1568)

27 PG-31.3.2 In eq. (2), hg revised to hG (13-1676)

27 PG-31.3.3 In eq. (5), hg revised to hG (13-1676)

27 PG-31.4 In twelfth paragraph, in equations, hg revised to hG (13-1676)

30 PG-32.3.3 Third sentence revised (13-1409)

31 Figure PG-33.1 On left side of Figure, equations for A1 corrected by errata (14-2465)

30 PG-33.3 Definitions of t and tn revised (13-850)

36 PG-42 Title and PG-42.1 revised (10-1780)

41 PG-48.1 Added (14-1179)

41 PG-52.1 Revised (12-1573)

41 PG-52.3 Cross-reference to A-125 deleted (14-1295)

44 PG-52.6 Deleted (12-1573)

44 PG-56 (1) Former PW-43 revised and redesignated as PG-56 (12-1572)(2) PG-56.2 (formerly PW-43.2) corrected by errata to renumber

Steps (14-424)

50 Figure PG-58.3.1(b) Revised (12-1445)

56 PG-60.1.2 In first and second paragraphs, first sentence revised (14-323)

62 PG-67.5 First paragraph revised (10-1776)

63 Table PG-67.5 Former Table PG-69.2.3 redesignated as Table PG-67.5 (10-1776)

65 Table PG-67.5M Former Table PG-69.2.3M redesignated as Table PG-67.5M(10-1776)

64 PG-68.7 Cross-reference to Table PG-68.7M added (10-1776)

66 PG-69.2 Revised (10-1776)

68 PG-69.2.3 In subpara. (b), last two paragraphs deleted (10-1776)

71 PG-69.3 Revised in its entirety (10-1776)

71 PG-69.4 First sentence revised (10-1776)

81 PG-105 Revised in its entirety (12-1617, 12-1796)

82 Figure PG-105.1 Revised (12-1617)

84 PG-106.8.3 New PG-106.8.3 added and former PG-106.8.3 redesignated asPG-106.8.4 (12-1617)

86 PG-110 Subparagraph (e)(2) revised (10-1776, 11-1459)

87 PG-112.1 Revised (12-1194, 13-1964, 14-1074)

87 PG-112.2 (1) PG-112.2, PG-112.2.1, PG-112.2.2, PG-112.2.4, and PG-112.2.8revised (13-1964, 14-1074)

(2) PG-112.2.9 added (13-1964, 14-1074)

89 PG-112.3 In second paragraph, first and last sentences revised (13-1964,14-1074)

xlii


89 PG-112.6 First sentence revised (14-1074)

89 PG-113.1 In first sentence, reference to Form PL-1 added (13-1964)

90 PG-113.3 In first sentence, reference to Form PL-1 added (13-1964)

92 PW-9.3 (1) Second paragraph of PW-9.3 and first paragraph of PW-9.3.1revised (13-287)

(2) PW-9.3.3 added (13-287)

92 Figure PW-9.3.1 Former Figure PW-9.1 revised and redesignated as Figure PW-9.3.1(13-287)

94 Figure PW-9.3.3 Added (13-287)

93 PW-9.4 Revised (13-287)

95 Figure PW-9.4 Former Figure PW-9.2 redesignated as Figure PW-9.4 (13-287)

95 Table PW-11 (1) General Notes (k) and (l) revised (13-103)(2) General Note (n) added (13-103)

98 Figure PW-16.1 (1) Illustration (z-2) corrected by errata (13-1199)(2) Revised editorially

103 PW-16.8 Added (11-1180)

104 Figure PW-16.8 Added (11-1180)

109 PW-36.3 Added (11-1208)

111 Table PW-39-1 (1) In General Note (a)(1), last sentence added (13-675)(2) General Note (a)(2)(a) revised (13-316)

118 Table PW-39-9 Heading of second column revised (13-682)

119 Table PW-39-12 Minimum Holding Temperature entry for UNS No. N06617 revised(13-1039)

120 Table PW-39-13 Revised (13-1039)

124 PW-43 Revised and redesignated as PG-56 (12-1572)

124 PW-44.1 In second paragraph, last sentence, cross-reference to A-360 revisedto A-207 (14-606)

146 Part PL Added (12-459)

173 PWT-12 Revised in its entirety (13-103)

173 Figure PWT-12.1 Deleted (13-103)

173 Figure PWT-12.2 Deleted (13-103)

175 PFT-12.1.1 Last sentence added (14-1019)

177 PFT-17.4 Revised (14-1269)

179 PFT-20.3 Revised (12-2279)

193 PEB-8.3 Revised (13-1962)

198 Part PFE Added (12-1445)

199 PHRSG-3.3 Second sentence revised (13-1563)

xliii


221 Figure A-8 (1) Illustration (g) replaced by illustrations (g-1) and (g-2)(14-1179)

(2) Revised editorially

242 A-70 Revised in its entirety (12-1052)

243 Figure A-70.1 Former Figure A-70 revised and redesignated as Figure A-70.1(12-1052)

245 Figure A-70.2 Added (12-1052)

246 A-71 Cross-references to former PW-43 revised to PG-56 (12-1572)

247 A-73.1 Cross-references to former PW-43 revised to PG-56 (12-1572)

248 A-74 Cross-references to former PW-43 revised to PG-56 (12-1572)

252 A-125 Deleted (14-1295)

253 A-250.2.3 Revised (12-2086)

255 Figure A-250.3.6-1 Revised editorially






255 A-260.1 Last sentence revised (14-1071)

257 A-270.1 Last sentence revised (14-1071)

260 A-302.3 Second paragraph added (12-1617)

263 A-350 (1) In first paragraph, first sentence, reference to Form PL-1 added(14-1074)

(2) A-350.1 added (12-1194)

265 Form P-2 Revised (12-1194)

269 Form P-2A Revised (12-1194)

274 Form P-2B Revised (12-1194)



286 Form P-4 Revised (12-1194, 12-1617)

288 Table A-354 In item (33), last sentence added (12-1617)


292 Form P-4B Revised (12-1194)



299 Table A-356 Items (17) and (19) revised (10-1776, 14-1223)


303 Form PL-1 Added (13-1964)

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307 Table A-359 Added (13-1964)

308 Table A-360 References updated (12-1117, 12-1796, 13-972, 13-973, 13-974,14-415, 14-416, 14-417, 14-418, 14-419, 14-422, 14-423)

309 Table A-370 Revised (12-1617)

NOTE: Volume 63 of the Interpretations to Section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code follows the last page ofSection I.

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LIST OF CHANGES IN RECORD NUMBER ORDER

Record Number Change

10-1776 In PG-67.5, PG-68.7, PG-69.2, PG-69.2.3, PG-69.3, and PG-69.4, standardized the application ofthe supercritical correction factor, the Napier correction factor, and capacity certification meth-ods and marking for both pressure relief valves and power-actuated pressure-relieving valves.Also moved the supercritical correction factor to PG-67.

10-1780 Replaced and reorganized PG-11 and PG-42.1.11-1180 Added PW-16.8 and Figure PW-16.8.11-1208 Added PW-36.3.11-1459 Revised PG-110(e)(2) by adding “for power-actuated pressure-relieving valves per PG-69.4, or

for pressure relief valves” prior to “for superheated.”12-459 Added Part PL, Requirements for Locomotive Boilers.12-1052 Revised example problem A-70 into two example problems, as follows:

(a) A-70.1, in which the opening is exempted from compensation calculations(b) A-70.2, in which the opening is not exempted from compensation calculations

12-1117 Updated Table A-360 to reference ASTM NDE standards E125-63 (R2013), E186-10, E280-10,and E446-10. In the titles of ASTM E186-10 and ASTM E446-10, changed “51 mm” to“50.8 mm,” matching revisions ASTM made to titles of the standards. Revised PG-25 to deletethe title of the ASTM standards and refer to them only by number.

12-1194 Revised PG-112.1.12-1445 Added Part PFE, Requirements for Feedwater Heaters.12-1572 Redesignated PW-43 as new PG-56. Added alternate design procedures to new PG-56.12-1573 Combined the text formerly in PG-52.6 with the text in PG-52.1.12-1617 Revised PG-105.1, PG-105.3, PG-105.4, A-302.3, Form P-4, and Tables A-354 and A-370, and

added new PG-106.8.3 to address a new Certificate of Authorization for organizations fabricat-ing parts without design responsibility.

12-1796 Revised PG-105 and Table A-360 to adopt the ASME CA-1 Standard to establish uniform re-quirements for conformity assessment.

12-2086 Revised A-250.2.3.12-2087 Added weld strength reduction factors for nickel base alloys to Table PG-26.12-2279 Revised PFT-20.3 to describe alternate weld joint geometry.13-103 Added to Table PW-11 an exemption from volumetric examination in PWT-12 and PFT-21 for

watertube boilers. In PWT-12, added the term waterleg and added a cross-reference to PFT-21for permitted construction of box-type headers and waterlegs. Deleted PWT-12.1 andPWT-12.2.

13-120 Revised Table PG-19 to include UNS No. S30432, applying the rules for TP347H.13-287 Added PW-9.3.3 and Figure PW-9.3.3. Revised PW-9.3 and PW-9.3.1 accordingly, and replaced

existing Figure PW-9.1 with new Figure PW-9.3.1. (The dashed head lines in the existing FigurePW-9.1 were removed in the new Figure PW-9.3.1, since head attachment details are shown inthe new Figure PW-9.3.3.) Redesignated existing Figure PW-9.2 as Figure PW-9.4, to correlatewith PW-9.4.

13-316 Revised Table PW-39-1, General Note (a)(2)(a).13-318 Deleted reference to SA-202 material specification from PG-6.13-675 Revised Table PW-39-1, General Note (a)(1) to exclude the diameter of welded stays from es-

tablishing the requirement for preheat.13-682 Editorially revised Table PW-39-9.13-708 Amended Table PG-19, Note (2) to include 310HCbN. Note (2) reads as follows: “While mini-

mum heat-treatment temperatures are specified, it is recommended that the heat-treatmenttemperature range be limited to 150°F (85°C) above that minimum, and 250°F (140°C) for310HCbN, 347, 347H, 348, and 348H.”

13-850 Revised the definitions of t and tn in PG-33.3.13-860 In the Foreword, the subtitle has been deleted and replaced with an ANSI disclaimer as a foot-

note.

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13-972 Revised Table A-360 to reference ASME B16.5-2013.13-973 Revised Table A-360 to reference ASME B16.34-2013.13-974 Revised Table A-360 to reference ASME B16.9-2012.13-1039 Revised Table PG-19 to list alloy 800HT. Revised the minimum holding temperature provided

in Table PW-39-12. Added PWHT requirements for alloys 800H (UNS No. N08810) and 800HT(UNS No. N08811) to Table PW-39-13.

13-1199 Errata correction. See Summary for Changes for details.13-1409 Modified PG-32.3.3 to clarify the parenthetical sentence regarding suggested compensation

limits.13-1474 In Table PG-26, added reference to Note (11) to entry for CSEF (subcrit.).13-1475 In PG-27.4.6, inserted y value line in the in-text table.13-1563 In PHRSG-3.3, changed the wording at the beginning of second sentence from “The MAWP of

the piping” to “The design pressure of the piping.”13-1568 In PG-31.2, removed the units of measure for the term S .13-1676 In PG-31.3.2, PG-31.3.3, and PG-31.4, changed hg to hG .13-1962 Modified PEB-8.3 to allow electric element support plates to be constructed by “U” Certificate

Holders or as miscellaneous pressure parts.13-1964 Adopted new Form PL-1 and Table A-359, and revised PG-112 and PG-113 to explain the use of

the form.14-323 Revised PG-60.1.2 to clarify that the requirement for isolation and drain valves applies to all

externally mounted level-sensing devices.14-337 Added solar as a fuel source and the definition of solar receiver steam generators to the Pream-

ble.14-415 Revised Table A-360 to reference ASME B1.20.1-2013. The referenced standard had a major

update. The entire standard was changed significantly and substantively from the 1983 edition.The changes are highlighted in the Foreword of the standard. No changes were noted thatwould affect Section I.

14-416 Revised Table A-360 to reference ASME B16.5-2013. In this 2013 edition, section 7 was revisedand now requires threads and gaging practices to be as per and identical with those of ASMEB1.20.1 and other ASME B16 standards.

14-417 Revised Table A-360 to reference ASME B16.20-2012. The changes to ASME B16.20 are as fol-lows:

(a) A number of illustrations were removed from tables and added as figures earlier in thedocument. There has been no change in the content of the figures.

(b) A new type of gasket has been added, “grooved metal gasket with covering layers.” Thisresulted in a new section 5 covering the gasket, and the additions of Figures 3 and 4, Tables 26through 30, and Tables I-15 through I-17.

(c) Table 19, “Color Coding and Abbreviations for Spiral-Wound Gasket Materials,” has addedalloy 800 under “Metallic Winding Materials,” and added vermiculite and phlogpite under “Non-metallic Filler Materials.”Asbestos and mica-graphite have been removed from the filler mate-rials list. All of the other changes are editorial in nature.

14-418 Revised Table A-360 to reference ASME B16.25-2012.14-419 Revised Table A-360 to reference the latest edition of ASME QAI-1.14-422 Revised Table A-360 to reference ASME B18.1.2-1972 (R2011).

xlvii


14-423 Revised Table A-360 to reference ASTM E8/E8M-13a. The following are changes in relation toASTM E8/E8M-11:

(a) replaced 3.1 Definitions with Definitions and Discussions(b) added 3.1.2 common terms from Terminology E6(c) reformatted 3.1.3 by adding Discussions(d) reformatted 3.1.4 elongation after fracture(e) added the following definitions: 3.1.7 reduction of area, 3.1.8 tensile strength, and 3.1.12

yield strength(f) reformatted 3.1.11 yield point elongation(g) added 3.2.1 referee test(h) added Note 32 in summary; it describes if the straight line portion of the stress strain

curve does not go through the origin, offsets and extension will be from the portion of the curvethat intersects the strain axis.

14-424 Errata correction. See Summary of Changes for details.14-606 Revised PW-44.1 to reference A-207 instead of A-360. Revised Endnote 8 to reference A-205

instead of A-370.14-1019 Added exception to PFT-12.1.1 to the requirement in PG-9.3 that copper pipe or tube be a mini-

mum of ASME Schedule 40. Revised PG-9.3 to refer to the exception added in PFT-12.1.1.14-1071 Revised A-260.1 and A-270.1 to clarify the requirement for demonstration of NDE procedures,

by adding “demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Inspector,” and adding a cross-reference toSection V, Subsection A, Article 1, T-150(a) or T-150(b).

14-1074 Revised PG-112.1, PG-112.2, PG-112.3, PG-112.6, and A-350 to clarify guidance for use of DataReport Forms.

14-1179 Reinstated PG-48.1. Replaced Figure A-8, illustration (g) with new illustrations (g-1) and (g-2).14-1223 In Table A-356, added a metric equivalent value missing in line (19).14-1269 Revised PG-28.3.1 to clarify that Section I contains rules for stiffener rings for furnaces only.

Revised PFT-17.4 description of required weld attaching stiffening rings to furnaces.14-1295 In PG-27.2.3, replaced cross-reference to A-125 with reference to A-317. In PG-52.3, deleted

cross-reference to A-125. Deleted A-125 in its entirety.14-1296 In PG-29.7, replaced cross-reference to PG-27.2.2 with “PG-27 or A-317.”14-2465 Errata correction. See Summary of Changes for details.

xlviii

CROSS-REFERENCING AND STYLISTIC CHANGES IN THE BOILERAND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE

There have been structural and stylistic changes to BPVC, starting with the 2011 Addenda, that should be noted to aidnavigating the contents. The following is an overview of the changes:

Subparagraph Breakdowns/Nested Lists Hierarchy

• First-level breakdowns are designated as (a), (b), (c), etc., as in the past.• Second-level breakdowns are designated as (1), (2), (3), etc., as in the past.• Third-level breakdowns are now designated as (-a), (-b), (-c), etc.• Fourth-level breakdowns are now designated as (-1), (-2), (-3), etc.• Fifth-level breakdowns are now designated as (+a), (+b), (+c), etc.• Sixth-level breakdowns are now designated as (+1), (+2), etc.

Footnotes

With the exception of those included in the front matter (roman-numbered pages), all footnotes are treated as end-notes. The endnotes are referenced in numeric order and appear at the end of each BPVC section/subsection.

Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees

Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees has been moved to the frontmatter. This information now appears in all Boiler Code Sections (except for Code Case books).

Cross-References

It is our intention to establish cross-reference link functionality in the current edition and moving forward. To facil-itate this, cross-reference style has changed. Cross-references within a subsection or subarticle will not include the des-ignator/identifier of that subsection/subarticle. Examples follow:

• (Sub-)Paragraph Cross-References. The cross-references to subparagraph breakdowns will follow the hierarchy ofthe designators under which the breakdown appears.– If subparagraph (-a) appears in X.1(c)(1) and is referenced in X.1(c)(1), it will be referenced as (-a).– If subparagraph (-a) appears in X.1(c)(1) but is referenced in X.1(c)(2), it will be referenced as (1)(-a).– If subparagraph (-a) appears in X.1(c)(1) but is referenced in X.1(e)(1), it will be referenced as (c)(1)(-a).– If subparagraph (-a) appears in X.1(c)(1) but is referenced in X.2(c)(2), it will be referenced as X.1(c)(1)(-a).

• Equation Cross-References. The cross-references to equations will follow the same logic. For example, if eq. (1) ap-pears in X.1(a)(1) but is referenced in X.1(b), it will be referenced as eq. (a)(1)(1). If eq. (1) appears in X.1(a)(1) butis referenced in a different subsection/subarticle/paragraph, it will be referenced as eq. X.1(a)(1)(1).

xlix

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

PART PGGENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL METHODS OF

CONSTRUCTION

GENERAL

PG-1 SCOPE

The requirements of Part PG apply to power boilersand high pressure, high‐temperature water boilers andto parts and appurtenances thereto and shall be used inconjunction with the specific requirements in the applic-able Parts of this Section that pertain to the methods ofconstruction used.

PG-2 SERVICE LIMITATIONSPG-2.1 The rules of this Section are applicable to the

following services:(a) boilers in which steam or other vapor is generated

at a pressure of more than 15 psig (100 kPa) for use ex-ternal to itself

(b) high‐temperature water boilers intended for opera-tion at pressures exceeding 160 psig (1.1 MPa) and/ortemperatures exceeding 250°F (120°C)

PG-2.2 For services below those specified in PG-2.1it is intended that rules of Section IV apply; however, boil-ers for such services may be constructed and stamped inaccordance with this Section provided all applicable re-quirements are met.

PG-2.3 Coil‐type hot water boilers where the watercan flash into steam when released directly to the atmo-sphere through a manually operated nozzle may be ex-empted from the rules of this Section provided thefollowing conditions are met:

(a) There is no drum, header, or other steam space.(b) No steam is generated within the coil.(c) Tubing outside diameter does not exceed 1 in.

(25 mm).(d) Pipe size does not exceed NPS 3/4 (DN 20).(e) Nominal water capacity does not exceed 6 gal

(23 L).(f) Water temperature does not exceed 350°F (175°C).(g) Adequate pressure relief valves and controls are

provided.

PG-2.4 The rules of this Section are not intended toapply to thermal fluid heaters in which a fluid other thanwater is heated by the application of heat resulting fromthe combustion of solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel but inwhich no vaporization of the fluid takes place; however,

such thermal fluid heaters may be constructed andstamped in accordance with this Section, provided all ap-plicable requirements are met.

PG-3 REFERENCED STANDARDS

The Manufacturer shall establish the effective Code Edi-tion, Addenda, and Code Cases for boilers and replace-ment parts in accordance with Mandatory Appendix VI.Specific editions of standards referenced in this Sectionare shown in Table A-360.

PG-4 UNITS

Either U.S. Customary, SI, or any local customary unitsmay be used to demonstrate compliance with all require-ments of this edition (e.g., materials, design, fabrication,examination, inspection, testing, certification, and over-pressure protection).

In general, it is expected that a single system of unitsshall be used for all aspects of design except where unfea-sible or impractical. When components are manufacturedat different locations where local customary units are dif-ferent than those used for the general design, the localunits may be used for the design and documentation ofthat component. Similarly, for proprietary componentsor those uniquely associated with a system of units differ-ent than that used for the general design, the alternateunits may be used for the design and documentation ofthat component.

For any single equation, all variables shall be expressedin a single system of units. When separate equations areprovided for U.S. Customary and SI units, those equationsmust be executed using variables in the units associatedwith the specific equation. Data expressed in other unitsshall be converted to U.S. Customary or SI units for usein these equations. The result obtained from executionof these equations may be converted to other units.

Production, measurement and test equipment, draw-ings, welding procedure specifications, welding proce-dure and performance qualif ications, and otherfabrication documents may be in U.S. Customary, SI, or lo-cal customary units in accordance with the fabricator’spractice. When values shown in calculations and analysis,fabrication documents or measurement and test equip-ment are in different units, any conversions necessary

1

ASME BPVC.I-2015

Documents

SECTION I 2015 - Brown Technical 2015/ASME BPVC-I-2015.pdf · Statement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify ... PG-29 Dished Heads ... PW-13 Head‐to‐Flange Requirements