Pharmaceutical Care Module Part I

Direct Patient Care Practice: An Overview

Lalitha Raman-Wilms, PharmD, FCSHPAssociate Professor

Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmcacy,University of Toronto

Section I Overview of Practice

Part I

Part II

Direct Patient Care Practice: An Overview

Practitioner Requirements to Practice, including the Patient Care Process

Part I - Learning Objectives

At the end of this session, students will be able to: Demonstrate an understanding of the evolution

of pharmacy practice List key elements of a patient care practice (for

any health profession) List the primary focus and responsibility of a

pharmaceutical care practitioner List the practitioner requirements for a patient

care practice

Evolution of Pharmacy Practice

1930s and 1940s: compounding; preparing drugs

1950s: dispensing of medications 1960s: Patient Counselling; Clinical

Pharmacy in hospital setting 1990s: Pharmaceutical Care defined

direct patient care provided by pharmacists Ongoing practice and research in this area

Pharmaceutical Care PracticePackaging of product; dispensing

mechanismsPatient Education

PATIENTDrug Product

Pharmacy Technician

Work with other HCPs

Documentation in medical record

Ensure patients drug therapy problems are identified & resolved

Pharmacist

SustainableBusiness

Model

Develop newPractices

GOOD DISPENSING PRACTICES

DRUG INFORMATION SYSTEMS, THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING, etc

KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS

A Patient Care Service Involves a patient and a qualified practitioner Requires a face-to-face encounter Practitioner takes responsibility for patients

needs, the specific interventions carried out and the patients outcomes

Service provided must be consistent and comprehensive

Practitioner assess each patients needs, develops a care plan to meet these needs and follows-up to evaluate the outcomes

Slide used with permission from Dr. L.Strand

Health Care Needs of a Patient

GeriatricCare

Mental HealthCare

EyeCare

PediatricCare

Dentalcare

Pharmaceutical Care

Medical Care

Nursing Care

PATIENTSELF-CARE

Medication Use SystemSYSTEM LEVEL

What is best for society?(Health Care Policy, Regulation, Legislation)

INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL What is best for an organization, institution, disease

state?(formulary, DUE, DUR, protocol)

PATIENT LEVEL What is best for a patient?

Pharmaceutical CarePharmaceutical Care

Slide used with permission from Dr. L.Strand

Knowledge and skills required to practise Pharmaceutical Care

Primary Focus Identifying and meeting a patients drug-related

needs Knowledge Base - Pharmacotherapy Skills patient care requires a lot of practise Attitude a caring approach Responsibility - Identification, prevention, and

resolution of drug therapy problems

Pharmaceutical Care

Pharmaceutical care is a patient-centered practice in which the practitioner assumes responsibility for a patients drug-related needs and is held accountable for this commitment.1

11Cipolle, R.J., Strand, L.M., Morley, P.C. (2004). Pharmaceutical Care Practice: The Clinicians Guide New York: McGraw Hill.

Assessment

Care Plan

Follow-up

Evaluation

Patient Care Process

Pharm

acotherapy W

orkup

Practitioner

Med

icat

ion

Exp

erie

nce

Patient

Therapeutic Relationship

Philosophy of Practice

Social Obligation

Responsibilities

Patient-centered approach

Caring

Todays wants and needs

Responsibilities

This slide, used with permission, from Dr. L. Strand.

Practitioner Requirements Philosophy of Practice Professional / Therapeutic Relationship with

Patient An understanding of the Patients Medication

Experience Systematic Thought Process: -

Pharmacotherapy Workup and Patients Drug Therapy Problems

Patient Care Process Documentation System Reimbursement System

Part I Overview

Evolution of pharmaceutical care practise Key elements of a patient care practice Role of the pharmacist in providing

pharmaceutical care The three components of the Patient Care

Process New Terminology

Pharmaceutical Care ModulePart IDirect Patient Care Practice: An OverviewSlide Number 2Section I Overview of PracticePart I - Learning ObjectivesEvolution of Pharmacy PracticePharmaceutical Care PracticeA Patient Care ServiceHealth Care Needs of a PatientMedication Use SystemKnowledge and skills required to practise Pharmaceutical CarePharmaceutical CareSlide Number 12Practitioner RequirementsPart I Overview