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The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
SECTOR - Production of Solid Sustainable
Energy Carriers from Biomass by Means of
Torrefaction
A European R&D Project funded within the Seventh
Framework Programme by the European Commission
1
place, date
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
TORREFACTION ROADMAP
Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers by Means of
Torrefaction
2
place, date
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
SECTOR in the roadmap of torrefaction
3
Proof-of-concept
• Experimentally based process
designs
• Technology identification
• Knowledge base
• Experimental infrastructures
torrefaction
• Economic evaluations full-scale
(study about 30%)
• Set-up pilot phase of
development
Prototype development
(pilot-scale evaluation)
• Pilot plants / prototype technology
• Demo technical feasibility
• Process & product characterisation
(design)
• Economic evaluations full-scale
(preliminary ca. 20%)
• Business plan(s) (technical demo,
semi-commercial)
Technical demonstration
• Demonstration plants (semi-
commercial)
• Technical optimisation (refined
design)
• Product applications (logistics &
end-use)
• Economic evaluations full-scale
(definite ca. <10%)
• Business plan(s) (commercial
operation)
Commercial role out
• Commercial plants (full-
operation)
• Quality control and assurance
(product)
• Best practice for sustainability
• Product standardisation
• Purchase agreements (from
energy & chemical sector)
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Woody
biomass
Time
Capacity 5-10 kg/h 30-200 kg/h 60-200 kton/a 20-50 kton/a
Proof-of-
principle
Prototype
(pilot-scale)
Commercial
role out
Technical
demonstration
Proof-of-
concept
Proof-of-
principle Proof-of-concept
Prototype
(pilot-scale)
Commercial
role out
2002
Proof-of-
principle
Technical
demonstration
2016 2018
Non-woody
biomass residues
place, date
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
TORREFACTION CONCEPTS
Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers by Means of
Torrefaction
4
place, date
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
Torrefaction reactor concepts
Existing conversion techniques require different fuel properties
Different reactor types with different process conditions (pressure, temperature, etc.) are on the start or in development
Future development will show their market potential and technical feasibility
Project SECTOR is centred around four torrefaction technology options (3 pilot scale plants & 1 demo plant involved)
5
Reactor technology European Technology developers & suppliers
Rotary drum CDS (UK), Torr-Coal (NL), BioEndev (SE), ACB (AT), BIO3D (FR), Atmosclear (CH), CENER (ES)
Multiple hearth furnace CMI-NESA (BE)
Screw reactor Biolake (NL), FoxCoal (NL)
Torbed reactor Topell (NL)
Moving bed reactor ECN (NL), Thermya (FR), Bühler (CH)
Belt reactor Stramproy Green (NL)
source: ECN, Kleinschmidt
place, date
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
Torrefaction Technologies within SECTOR
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Characteristics: • Cylindrical reactor • Hot rotating process gas keeps raw material in motion
(creates „bed“ that is formed by biomass itself) • Quick heat-to-mass transfer • No moving parts
ECN: Moving bed reactor CENER, Umeå University: Rotary drum reactor
Topell: Torbed reactor (full scale demonstration)
Characteristics: • Moving bed torrefaction • Direct heating using recycled
torrefaction gas • Recycle boosting of torgas to
compensate for pressure drop
• Torgas utilization for internal energy demand
Characteristics: • Proven technology • indirectly heated with flue
gas • Accepts larger particles
place, date
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
SECTOR - PROJECT
Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers by Means of
Torrefaction
7
place, date
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
project brief
Collaborative project: SECTOR
Project start: 01.01.2012
Finalisation: 30.06.2015
Total budget: € 10 Million
Participants: 21 from 9 EU-countries
Coordinator: DBFZ, Germany
8
place, date
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
a pan European consortium
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Kick-off meeting at ECN
(14-15 February 2012)
place, date
VTT Jyväskylä and Espoo
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
OBJECTIVES
Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers by Means of
Torrefaction
10
place, date
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
SECTOR objectives
Support the market introduction of torrefaction-based bioenergy carriers as a standardised commodity renewable solid fuel
Further development of torrefaction-based technologies (up to pilot-plant scale and beyond)
Development of specific production recipes, validated through extensive lab-to-industrial-scale logistics and end-use performance testing
Development and standardisation of dedicated analysis and testing methods for assessment of transport, storage, handling logistics and end-use performance and product standards for torrefied biomassa products
Assessment of the role of torrefaction-based solid bioenergy carriers in the bioenergy value chains and their contribution to the development of the bioenergy market in Europe
Full sustainability assessment of the major torrefaction-based biomass-to-end-use value chains
Dissemination of project results to industry and into international forums (e.g. EIBI, EERA, CEN/ISO, IEA and sustainability round tables)
11
place, date
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
STRUCTURE
Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers by Means of
Torrefaction
12
place, date
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
project structure
13
place, date
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
WORK PACKAGES
Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers by Means of
Torrefaction
14
place, date
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
WP1 Project Management (DBFZ, Germany)
place, date
15
WP Leaders
Participating Partners
Ad
vis
ory
Bo
ard
Coordinator
Task Leaders
EC
Strategic Management
Board
Gen
eral Assem
bly
Coordination and administration of the project
Communication with European Commission
Reporting
Organisation of Project Meetings
Set-up and maintenance of project website www.sector-project.eu
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
WP2 Selection of relevant biomass feedstock (VTT, Finland)
Assessment of available biomass potential for production of
torrefied pellets from both forest and agricultural feedstock and of
the market demand
Selection of raw materials for the experimental work
Demand analysis including cofiring ratios and acceptable price
levels
place, date
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Poplar chips Eucalyptus chips
Prunings from olive trees
Cereal straw
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
WP3 Torrefaction (ECN, the Netherlands)
place, date
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Production with available demo plant Continuous operation
Production of 100-200 tons Specific feedstock
Production with available pilot scale facilities Typical test runs 50-100 hours
Typical production per test few tons 3-6 different feedstocks
Moving bed (ECN) pilot
Rotary drum (Umeå University)
pilot
Rotary drum (CENER)
pilot
Torbed (Topell) demo
Different technologies
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
WP4 Densification (DTI, Denmark)
Characterisation and optimisation of the densification properties of
different torrefied biomass materials according to end users
requirement based on tests in lab, bench and industrial scale
densification units (pellets and briquettes)
place, date
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Lab-scale charact. & screen. of pelletisation parameters
(DTI)
Industrial scale pelletisation
(ECN, CENER, UMEÅ, Topell)
Bench scale briquetting
(DTI, C.F. Nielsen )
Torrefied biomass (WP3)
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
WP5 Demonstration Tests (Topell, the Netherlands)
Production of torrefied materials and pellets at demo scale in
Topells 60 kton/a plant in Duiven, the Netherlands
Products to be used for large scale test in WP6 and WP7
place, date
19
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
WP6 Logistics (ECN, the Netherlands)
Small-scale tests to characterise logistics performance
Outdoor storage and handling tests
Results will be used to adjust production processes
place, date
20
Large scale testing of storage and handling properties at existing industrial
coal based power plants
Small scale testing of specific properties of both raw torrefied biomass as well as
pelletized or briquetted torrefied biomass
Transport, storage and handling
Stefan Dusan – 4th annual biomass and bioenergy forum (Vienna, Sep. 2011)
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
WP7 End-use (University of Stuttgart, Germany)
Evaluation of the end-use applications of
torrefied biomass in different application
areas:
• Medium-to-large scale firing and cofiring in
pulverized-fuel boilers
• Medium-to-large scale gasification and co-
gasification in entrained-flow gasifiers,
and
• Small scale combustion in commercial
pellet boilers.
• Production of bio-chemicals or bio-
materials
place, date
21
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
WP8 Fuel specification & lab analysis (OFI, Austria)
Verification, development and
application of analysis methods to
access fuel properties
Development of a Material Safety
Data Sheet (MSDS)
Preparation of CEN and ISO product
and quality assurance standards
place, date
22
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
WP 9 Value chains and sustainability (DBFZ, Germany)
Within SECTOR three different assessment areas are
covered:
• Socio-economic assessment
• Environmental assessment
place, date
23 23
Inventory indicators
Inventory data
Characterisation
- unclear cause-effect
- aggregation
- scoring/weighting
- use of PRPs
Characterisation
- cause-effect link
- (aggregation)
- modeling impact
pathway
Midpoint category indicatorSubcategory indicator
Impact category Endpoint category
Type 1 Type 2
Cost-efficiency
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETYECONOMY
Technical-efficiency /-compatibility
Security of supply
Environmental & climate protection
Creation of value
Impact pathways of the UNEP methodology
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
WP10 Cooperation and Dissemination of project results
(DBFZ, Germany)
Dissemination of project results through
• Workshops
• Website
• International Networks and Platforms and standardisation
committees (mainly ISO/TC 238)
place, date
24
Market integration
Generally initiate developments in the
market outside of SECTOR
Show advantages of torrefied fuels and
wake interest
Set it on the political agenda for the
needed framework Get feedback from the market about aspects yet to be covered or changed within the
project
Prepare market launch by staying in
touch with stakeholders
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
SUMMARY
Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers by Means of
Torrefaction
25
place, date
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
Summary
Torrefaction process:
• accepts many types of ligno-cellulosic biomass
• offers optimised balance between energy and mass yield
• ensures more homogeneous production and constant product quality
• does not significantly reduce sulphur, chlorine and alkali concentrations
Torrefied products:
• can be directly milled and cofired with coal
• are dry and have a high net calorific value
• are brittle and easily break down into small particles
• have a high volumetric energy density significant cost savings
Worldwide there are over 50 torrefaction developers / initiatives (planning capacities between 300 500 ktons); no commercial plant exists today, but first demonstration projects are on the way (e. g. Topell from NL 60 kton/a)
European development in parallel to R&D in North America (USA/CA) this will speed up the process
Technical and commercial challenges have to be solved, e.g.:
• optimisation of torrefaction and densification process
• determination of standardised fuel properties/qualities
• minimisation of logistical and end-use risks
26
place, date
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant
agreement n° 282826
thank you very much for your attention
27
SECTOR General information Principal scientist Eija Alakangas tel: +358 400 542 454 [email protected] www.sector-project.eu
Experts in different workpackages WP 2 Raw material: Eija Alakangas/Martti Flyktman WP 3 Torrefaction: Carl Wilén/Vesa Arpiainen WP 4 Densification: Leena Fagernäs/Jussi Ranta WP 6 Logistics: Timo Järvinen WP 7 End-use: Leena Fagernäs/Jussi Ranta WP 8 Lab analysis: Leena Fagernäs/Jussi Ranta WP 8 Product standards: Eija Alakangas WP 9 & 10 Sustainability& Diss.: Eija Alakangas
pictures in this presentation: ECN, CENER, DBFZ, OFI, Topell, DTI, Stefan Dusan, University of Stuttgart, Claudia-Hautumm (pixelio), Gabi Schoenemann (pixelio),
Thomas Siepmann (pixelio), nordagrar.com, Jasper Lensselink, Museum Brunsbuettel, enjoyconstellation.com, Thermya
place, date