Security Environment During Coalition Operations

PreviewFuture Security Challenges

Security Concerns for Armed Forces

Regional Military Security Cooperation

Coalition Strategy to Counter Asymmetric Threats

Integration in Coalition Operations

Future Security Challenges

Future Security Challenges

Globalisation

Technology Proliferation

Rising Importance of Non State Actors

Environmental Considerations

Population Growth

Globalisation

Broader interstate engagements

Permeability of national borders

Emergence of cultural homogeneity

Undermining sense of community

Security threats know no boundaries

Future Security Challenges

Non-state actors will shape global security

NGOs capable of influencing policy issues

Compete with governments in foreign policyformulation

Rising Importance of Non State Actors

Security planners will face the world in whichthe technological and military capabilities are not unique or limited

Technology Proliferation

Capabilities such as surveillance systems, nuclear powered submarines and long rangecruise missiles will proliferate

Future Security Challenges

Future Security ChallengesEnvironmental Considerations

Water, energy and land have traditionallybeen sources of conflict

Increased demand on supply of fresh water

Compliance with legislation and emission standards affects operational planning

Uneven distribution of worlds’ population

Population Growth

World population growth can influence intrastate conflict as well as produce large scale migration

Future Security Challenges

Security Concerns for Armed Forces

Terrorism and Proxy Wars Emerge as Strategic Challenges

Paradigm Shift in Nature of Conflicts

UnorthodoxApproach

Asymmetric Threats

Irregular Forces Negate Conventional Combat Power

Offsetting Conventional Capabilities

Jungle/ Urban Warfare New Focus

Increasing Emphasison Asymmetric Strategies

Security Concerns for Armed Forces

Information systems vulnerable to exploitation by adversary

Opponents’ methods have little relevance to Geneva Conventions or Just Wars

Intensification of media scrutiny

and influencing public opinion

Security Concerns for Armed Forces

Regional Military Security

Cooperation

Regional Military Security Cooperation

Most armies involved in fighting terrorism

Terrorist threat increasing everyday

Basic institutional assumptions, organised structures and policies need examination

Reorganisation of armies to operate in full spectrum of warfare required

Armies to be able to participate in coalition environment to counter terrorism, insurgency and proxy war

National governments will always approve such operations

Command and control structures contingent upon national sensitivities and policies

Terrorism to be defined under aegis of United Nations

No state or non state sponsor be allowed to justify terrorism

Imperatives for Regional Cooperation

Regional Military Security Cooperation

Military organisations and capabilities are based on perceived security threats

Asymmetric threats are the main focus of security policy and co-operation in the region

Most armies in the region have limited resources

Need to recognize threat and balanced organisation

Look for a security system that lowers risk of uncertainty

Balancing Capability Development

Regional Military Security Cooperation

The spectrum of the challenge is complex and multi-dimensional

The worst case scenario to be factored in

Militaries are conservative institutions with long lead times to change

Technological advances must be shaped to strengthen military cooperation

Challenge is how to co-operate and arrive at the appropriate degree of consensus in identifying response

Security Cooperation : Multidimensional

Regional Military Security Cooperation

Coalition Strategy to Counter Asymmetric Threats

Coalition Strategy to Counter Asymmetric Threats

Necessity to institutionalise direct and indirect measures to tackle terrorism

Action plan in the region to isolate the terrorists

First step is to identify the terrorists’ centres of gravity

Populace constitutes a centre of gravity for terrorists

Operations are required to aim at `control’ as against `destruction’

Difference from Conventional Operations

Temperament required to control the populace

No quick solutions for such warfare as armies involved willhave to be trained, physically and psychologically, for long hauls

Home Truths

People friendlyoperations as per laws of the land

Avoid inconvenience to population

Win hearts and minds of the population

Proactive actions invite reactionand collateral damage

Uphold human rightsImpeccable code of conduct

Coalition Strategy to Counter Asymmetric Threats

Integration in Coalition Operations

Integration in Coalition Operations

Problems of Coalition Participation

National and military command issues create difficulties

Coalition missions generally exceed span of control

Consensus creation amongst the participating nations takes time

Decision making is slow due to complexities of a coalition

Standards of force capability and levels of military training vary

Differences in language, tradition, and culture impact operations

Criteria for SuccessCriteria for Success

Force StructureTrained

PersonnelIntelligence

Capacity

Communications systems

Planningand

coordination

Assured consensusbefore commiting

military forces

Integration in Coalition Operations

Coalition Command Relationship

Ad hoc coalitions

are based on

temporary agreements

and less formal than

standing alliances

Psychological and sociological problems are generated by differences among coalition partners in culture, customs, religion and standards of living

Lack of confidence

in coalition leadership

as forces assigned

to the coalition operate

under a variety of

national employment

restrictions

Integration in Coalition Operations

Operational commanders must understand political objectives

Requirement to develop sound and effective coalition command relationships

Operational planning to be carried out by a combined staff which includes equitable representation from each coalition nation

Cooperation and coordination are keys to unity of effort

Coalition Command Relationship

Integration in Coalition Operations

Key aspects

Human Interaction

Civil military operations

Rules Of Engagement

Use of force

Training standards

Doctrine

Interoperability

Integration in Coalition Operations

War termination or end state to be decided

Combined exercises, language training forliaison officers are productive

Multi-lateral coordination and cooperationin training, seminars and exercises to enhance interoperability

Method of minimizing problems is to allocatediscrete geographical or functional areas of responsibility to national forces

Interoperability

Integration in Coalition Operations

The supreme excellence is to subdue

the armies of your enemies

without even having to fight them

Sun Tzu

Conclusion